Strait of Georgia & Howe Sound Glass Sponge Reef Marine Refuges

NO FISHING STRAIT OF GEORGIA & HOWE SOUND GLASS SPONGE REEF MARINE REFUGES British Columbia’s glass sponge reefs are globally NO BOTTOM-CONTACT unique ecosystems FISHING (TRAP, TRAWL & GROUNDFISH that provide important HOOK-AND-LINE) habitat for marine life. NO USE OF Glass sponge reefs are DOWNRIGGER GEAR very fragile! To protect (IN SOME REEFS) and conserve these AVOID ANCHORING reefs, do not fish and avoid (WHENEVER POSSIBLE) anchoring in closed areas. NORMAL, HEALTHY REEF DAMAGED REEF Photo: Marine Life Sanctuary Society of BC Photo: Jackson Chu/Sally Leys For more information, visit Canada.ca/glass-sponge-closures to view detailed maps online. Report a fisheries violation. Observe, Record and Report. 24 hour hotline: 1-800-465-4336 Email: [email protected] VER 02/19 East IT IS ILLEGAL TO FISH FOR Defence GLASS SPONGE REEF Defence Islands ROCKFISH AND LINGCOD Island IN AREA 28 (HOWE SOUND) MARINE REFUGES AND PORTIONS OF AREA 29 Anvil Island (STRAIT OF GEORGIA) Port Mellon Lost Reef Gambier ! Island Report a fisheries violation. Brunswick Point Observe, Record and Report. Lions Bay Lions Bay & 24 hour hotline: 1-800-465-4336 Halkett Kelvin Grove Point Email: [email protected] Bowyer Island Visit Canada.ca/glass-sponge-closures Gibsons Dorman to view detailed maps online. Point Horseshoe Bowen Bay Island N Queen Charlotte Channel Texada Island East of Pender Hornby Island Harbour Sechelt Sechelt and Halibut Bank Parksville Parksville False Creek VANCOUVER Gabriola Island Area of Detail Foreslope Hills Nanaimo Degnen Vancouver Island Bay VANCOUVER ISLAND CANADA U.S.A. Ladysmith Whaler Bay Outer Gulf Islands 0 5 10 20 km VER 02/19.

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Ecosystem Status and Trends Report for the Strait of Georgia Ecozone
C S A S S C C S Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique Research Document 2010/010 Document de recherche 2010/010 Ecosystem Status and Trends Report Rapport de l’état des écosystèmes et for the Strait of Georgia Ecozone des tendances pour l’écozone du détroit de Georgie Sophia C. Johannessen and Bruce McCarter Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences 9860 W. Saanich Rd. P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, B.C. V8L 4B2 This series documents the scientific basis for the La présente série documente les fondements evaluation of aquatic resources and ecosystems scientifiques des évaluations des ressources et in Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of des écosystèmes aquatiques du Canada. Elle the day in the time frames required and the traite des problèmes courants selon les documents it contains are not intended as échéanciers dictés. Les documents qu’elle definitive statements on the subjects addressed contient ne doivent pas être considérés comme but rather as progress reports on ongoing des énoncés définitifs sur les sujets traités, mais investigations. plutôt comme des rapports d’étape sur les études en cours. Research documents are produced in the official Les documents de recherche sont publiés dans language in which they are provided to the la langue officielle utilisée dans le manuscrit Secretariat. envoyé au Secrétariat. This document is available on the Internet at: Ce document est disponible sur l’Internet à: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/ ISSN 1499-3848 (Printed / Imprimé) ISSN 1919-5044 (Online / En ligne) © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2010 © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Highlights 1 Drivers of change 2 Status and trends indicators 2 1.
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Spring Bloom in the Central Strait of Georgia: Interactions of River Discharge, Winds and Grazing
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 138: 255-263, 1996 Published July 25 Mar Ecol Prog Ser I l Spring bloom in the central Strait of Georgia: interactions of river discharge, winds and grazing Kedong yinl,*,Paul J. Harrisonl, Robert H. Goldblattl, Richard J. Beamish2 'Department of Oceanography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 124 'pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5K6 ABSTRACT: A 3 wk cruise was conducted to investigate how the dynamics of nutrients and plankton biomass and production are coupled with the Fraser River discharge and a wind event in the Strait of Georgia estuary (B.C.,Canada). The spring bloom was underway in late March and early Apnl, 1991. in the Strait of Georgia estuary. The magnitude of the bloom was greater near the river mouth, indicat- ing an earher onset of the spring bloom there. A week-long wind event (wind speed >4 m S-') occurred during April 3-10 The spring bloom was interrupted, with phytoplankton biomass and production being reduced and No3 in the surface mixing layer increasing at the end of the wind event. Five days after the lvind event (on April 15),NO3 concentrations were lower than they had been at the end of the wind event, Indicating a utilization of NO3 during April 10-14. However, the utilized NO3 did not show up in phytoplankton blomass and production, which were lower than they had been at the end (April 9) of the wind event. During the next 4 d, April 15-18, phytoplankton biomass and production gradu- ally increased, and No3 concentrations in the water column decreased slowly, indicating a slow re- covery of the spring bloom Zooplankton data indicated that grazing pressure had prevented rapid accumulation of phytoplankton biomass and rapid utilization of NO3 after the wind event and during these 4 d.
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A Nitrogen Budget for the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, with Emphasis on Particulate Nitrogen and Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen
Biogeosciences, 10, 7179–7194, 2013 Open Access www.biogeosciences.net/10/7179/2013/ doi:10.5194/bg-10-7179-2013 Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. A nitrogen budget for the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, with emphasis on particulate nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen J. N. Sutton1,2, S. C. Johannessen1, and R. W. Macdonald1 1Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, British Columbia, V8L 4B2, Canada 2Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA Correspondence to: J. N. Sutton ([email protected]) Received: 6 March 2013 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 23 April 2013 Revised: 29 September 2013 – Accepted: 10 October 2013 – Published: 12 November 2013 Abstract. Balanced budgets for dissolved inorganic N (DIN) 1 Introduction and particulate N (PN) were constructed for the Strait of Georgia (SoG), a semi-enclosed coastal sea off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada. The dominant control on the The nitrogen (N) cycle is a crucial underpinning of marine N budget is the advection of DIN into and out of the SoG biological productivity (Gruber and Galloway, 2008). Dur- via Haro Strait. The annual influx of DIN by advection from ing the past 150 yr, the global N cycle has been dramati- the Pacific Ocean is 29 990 (±19 500) Mmol yr−1. The DIN cally changed by human activities that have loaded reactive N flux advected out of the SoG is 24 300 (±15 500) Mmol yr−1. into ecosystems in amounts that rival natural sources (Rabal- Most of the DIN that enters the SoG (∼ 23 400 Mmol yr−1) ais, 2002; Galloway et al., 2004).
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Plankton – What Do We Know About the Bottom of the Aquatic Food Chain?
OCEAN WATCH | Howe Sound Edition SPECIES AND HABITATS Plankton – What do we know about the bottom of the aquatic food chain? AUTHORS John G. Stockner, PhD, Emeritus Scientist, What’s happening with DFO, Adjunct Professor, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, UBC Paul J. Harrison, PhD, Professor Emeritus, plankton? Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, UBC Chances are with other changes occurring in Howe Sound, plankton, the tiny REVIEWER organisms at the base of the food chain, may be changing too. The problem Stephanie King, Sea This Consulting, Nanaimo, B.C. is we don’t know what’s happening because no one is currently doing any research in this area. The last time any extensive plankton surveys were undertaken in Howe Sound was in the 1970s, so we currently have no data to tell us if there have been any changes in plankton biomass and the timing of their cycles. We can observe phytoplankton blooms remotely by sens- ing water colour using a satellite sensor such as MERIS (Figure 1), with its 300 meter spatial resolution, but this sensor is no longer in operation. Early in 2016, the European Space Agency launched the OLCI sensor onboard the Sentinel-3 satellite, which has the same resolution and data will be available soon.1 Plankton | Page 21 OCEAN WATCH | Howe Sound Edition SPECIES AND HABITATS Figure 1. Full resolution (300 m) MERIS images of Howe Sound. The true colour image (left) shows high sediment levels at the head of the Sound and at the mouth of the Fraser River, while the fluorescence signal (right) gives an indication of different levels of chlorophyll (Chl) in Howe Sound.
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Large Vessel Traffic: Making Waves and Noise
OCEAN WATCH | Átl’ḵa7tsem / Txwnéwu7ts / Howe Sound 2020 DEVELOPMENT Large Vessel Traffic: making waves and noise AUTHOR Jennifer Chapman, Research Assistant, What is happening? Ocean Watch, Ocean Wise Research Institute Large vesselsi within Átl’ḵa7tsem/Txwnéwu7ts/Howe Sound tend to be com- REVIEWERS Leslie James, Director, Environment prised mostly of ferries, tugs and cargo ships (see Large Vessel Traffic, Ocean and Sustainability Safety, Health and Watch Howe Sound Edition [OWHS] 2017). The volume of large vessels in the Environment, British Columbia Ferry Services Inc. Sound presents certain challenges. For example, vessel wake can exacer- bate shoreline erosion and impact salmon spawning habitat; species that use echolocationii such as whales and dolphins may experience acoustic mask- ing, whereby vessel noise reduces their ability to find prey, mates and pod members (see Underwater Noise, Ocean Watch B.C. Edition [OWBC] 2018). Ship docked at Squamish Terminals. (Credit: Bob Turner) i) Large vessels – vessels over 20 m length. ii) Echolocation – location of objects using reflected sound. LARGE VESSEL TRAFFIC | Page 318 OCEAN WATCH | Átl’ḵa7tsem / Txwnéwu7ts / Howe Sound 2020 DEVELOPMENT ! iver LARGE VESSEL Garibaldi m R r ua e !Highlands mq v a i M TRAFFIC - PASSENGER R h s ! i Community m a u Jc q Ferry terminal S Î Marina Squamish ! S Blue Heron ta Î w Î Public dock am Î Squamish us Ri D Industry ver Squamish River watershed D Terminal Shannon Vessel density passenger (2013) Creek M ill C High ree Squamish k Harbour WoodfibreD
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Psc Draft1 Bc
138°W 136°W 134°W 132°W 130°W 128°W 126°W 124°W 122°W 120°W 118°W N ° 2 6 N ° 2 DR A F T To navigate to PSC Domain 6 1/26/07 maps, click on the legend or on the label on the map. Domain 3: British Columbia R N ° k 0 6 e PSC Region N s ° l Y ukon T 0 e 6 A rritory COBC - Coastal British Columbia Briti sh Columbia FRTH - Fraser R - Thompson R GST - Georgia Strait . JNST - Johnstone Strait R ku NASK - Nass R - Skeena R Ta N QCI - Queen Charlotte Islands ° 8 5 TRAN N TRAN - Transboundary Rivers in Canada ° 8 r 5 ive R WCVI - Western Vancouver Island e in r !. City/Town ik t e v S i Major River R t u k Scale = 1:6,750,000 Is P Miles N ° 0 30 60 120 180 January 2007 6 A B 5 N ° r 6 i 5 C t i s . A h R Alaska l I b C s e F s o a NASK r l N t u a r m I e v S i C tu b R a i rt a N a ° Prince Rupert en!. R 4 ke 5 !. S Terrace iv N e ° r 4 O F 5 !. ras er C H Prince George R e iv c e QCI a r t E e . r R S ate t kw r lac Quesnel A a B !. it D e an R. N C F N COBC h FRTH ° i r 2 lc a 5 o N s ti ° e n !.
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Marine Recreation in the Desolation Sound Region of British Columbia
MARINE RECREATION IN THE DESOLATION SOUND REGION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA by William Harold Wolferstan B.Sc., University of British Columbia, 1964 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Geography @ WILLIAM HAROLD WOLFERSTAN 1971 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY December, 1971 Name : William Harold Wolf erstan Degree : Master of Arts Title of Thesis : Marine Recreation in the Desolation Sound Area of British Columbia Examining Committee : Chairman : Mar tin C . Kellman Frank F . Cunningham1 Senior Supervisor Robert Ahrens Director, Parks Planning Branch Department of Recreation and Conservation, British .Columbia ABSTRACT The increase of recreation boating along the British Columbia coast is straining the relationship between the boater and his environment. This thesis describes the nature of this increase, incorporating those qualities of the marine environment which either contribute to or detract from the recreational boating experience. A questionnaire was used to determine the interests and activities of boaters in the Desolation Sound region. From the responses, two major dichotomies became apparent: the relationship between the most frequented areas to those considered the most attractive and the desire for natural wilderness environments as opposed to artificial, service- facility ones. This thesis will also show that the most valued areas are those F- which are the least disturbed. Consequently, future planning must protect the natural environment. Any development, that fails to consider the long term interests of the boater and other resource users, should be curtailed in those areas of greatest recreation value. iii EASY WILDERNESS . Many of us wish we could do it, this 'retreat to nature'.
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The Damnation of a Dam : the High Ross Dam Controversy
THE DAMYIATION OF A DAM: TIIE HIGH ROSS DAM CONTROVERSY TERRY ALLAN SIblMONS A. B., University of California, Santa Cruz, 1968 A THESIS SUBIUTTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Geography SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY May 1974 All rights reserved. This thesis may not b? reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Terry Allan Simmons Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: The Damnation of a Dam: The High Ross Dam Controversy Examining Committee: Chairman: F. F. Cunningham 4 E.. Gibson Seni Supervisor / /( L. J. Evendon / I. K. Fox ernal Examiner Professor School of Community and Regional Planning University of British Columbia PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University rhe righc to lcnd my thesis or dissertation (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed ' without my written permission. Title of' ~hesis /mqqmkm: The Damnation nf a nam. ~m -Author: / " (signature ) Terrv A. S.imrnonze (name ) July 22, 1974 (date) ABSTRACT In 1967, after nearly fifty years of preparation, inter- national negotiations concerning the construction of the High Ross Dan1 on the Skagit River were concluded between the Province of British Columbia and the City of Seattle.
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Biological Fronts in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, and Their Relation to Recent Measurements of Primary Productivity
MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 6: 237-242, 1981 Published November 15 1 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1 1 Biological Fronts in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, and Their Relation to Recent Measurements of Primary Productivity T. R. Parsons1,J. Stronach2,G. A. Borstad3, G. Louttit4 and R. I. Perry1 ' Department of Oceanography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. B. C., Canada Beak Consultants Ltd., 1550 Alberni Street, Vancouver, B. C.. Canada Seakem Oceanography Ltd., 9817 West Saanich Road. Sidney. B. C., Canada "epartment of Biology, University of Victoria. B. C., Canada ABSTRACT: Frontal regions of high chlorophyll fluorescence in the Strait of Georgia have been compared with calculated values of the stability expression, log,,(h U-'). Boundary areas of high chlorophyll were shown to exist at the northern and southern ends of the Strait as well as among the different island groups. These results have been used to discuss earlier differences noted in average annual primary productivity values of the Strait of Georgia, as observed over the last decade. INTRODUCTION tally slnce it will depend on such additional factors as local circulation and grazing. The chlorophyll a max- It was recently suggested (Parsons et al., 1980) that imum would generally be expected to occur, however, the distribution of phytoplankton in the Strait of Geor- at values of greater than - 1.0 (i.e.postpositioned to an gia (Canada) would be found to be max~mizedin increase in primary productivity). frontal boundary areas, where primary productivity In the following account we have calculated the values are greatly enhanced due to the entrainment of same term for waters of the Strait of Georgia and nutrients from below the pycnocline.
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WASHINGTON Where We Are
nationalatlas.gov TM WASHINGTON Where We Are FEDERAL LANDS AND CANADA Str ait INDIAN RESERVATIONS of Ge org ia BRITISH COLUMBIA Bureau of Indian Affairs Blaine Mount Baker Bureau of Land Management / Oroville Helicopter Training Mount North Wilderness Area Baker Lummi IR Cascades Colville Colville NF NP Ross Lake Okanogan San Juan Islands National Forest R NF Bureau of Reclamation Bellingham NRA NF Cusick NWR R Okanogan a S Conconully Republic i Survival tr National Forest Lake b Training Kaniksu Department of Defense ai San Juan Island Mount Baker North t o Anacortes Skagit NRA m Site NF f NHP Cascades Little Pend Oreille (includes Army Corps of Engineers lakes) Jua Swinomish IR Conconully u n NP l NWR de Reservoir Omak Makah F o uca Whidbey Island NAS Mount Vernon Mount Baker Lake Kalispel IR Department of Energy IR Helicopter Training Area Chelan C Colville Flattery Rocks NWR Naval NRA Colville NF Kaniksu Ebey's Landing NHR Reservation Ozette IR Lower Elwha IR Indian Reservation NF Fish and Wildlife Service / Wilderness Lakewood Mount Baker Newport Olympic Port Angeles Dungeness Olympic Protection Island National Forest Lake Roosevelt NP NWR Tulalip IR NF NWR National Recreation Area Forest Service / Wilderness Everett Forks Olympic NF Wenatchee Grand Coulee Spokane Quileute IR National Forest Olympic Port Gamble IR IR National Park Service / Wilderness National Park d Lynnwood Snoqualmie Port Madison IR n Chelan Hoh IR u NF Banks Wilbur o S Lake Spokane t Seattle Some small sites are not shown, especially in R e Opportunity t g ul Bremerton Leavenworth Coulee City u Bellevue urban areas.
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Txwnéwu7ts / Howe Sound Sample Itinerary Start: Vancouver, BC Finish: Vancouver, BC Vessel: Island Odyssey 3 Days
BLUEWATER ADVENTURES SAMPLE ITINERARY – SALISH SEA COLLECTIVE Átl’ḵa7tsem/ Txwnéwu7ts / Howe Sound Sample Itinerary Start: Vancouver, BC Finish: Vancouver, BC Vessel: Island Odyssey 3 days This is intended as a Sample Itinerary. Please do not book flights based on information listed in this document as changes are possible. You will be provided with an Arrivals and Departures Itinerary once all details have been confirmed. Please contact us with any questions. For groups looking for a quick getaway from the lower mainland, Howe Sound offers an easy escape from the bustle of the city. Sailing on emerald green seas in the daily inflow winds, you will enjoy breathtaking views of towering mountains rising straight from the sea as we explore the islands and shoreline of this local getaway. Hikers will delight in the many trails to be traversed on Gambier and Anvil Islands, while the truly adventurous can snorkel above the shipwrecks at BC’s first underwater marine park at Porteau Cove. Other highlights may include kayaking amidst the Pasley Islands and venturing out into the Strait of Georgia in search of humpback whales. This beautiful region lies within the traditional territories of the Squamish and Sheshalh nations. People with an interest in natural history will thoroughly enjoy this trip. Each voyage is accompanied by an experienced naturalist who will give talks, slide shows, and lead shore excursions. With the help of interested participants we plan to keep a list of the animals and plants we sight each day. We do daily shore excursions in our inflatable zodiacs, as well as hikes on the various islands that suit the abilities and interests of your group.
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The Fraser River Plume
new horizons centrepiece The Fraser River Plume Martin Evans uses the example of a dramatic ocean phenomenon to show how all the elements of geography interact to shape the physical and human landscape The water cycle and Human settlement GeographyReviewExtras the glacial history The flat oceanside land of the delta and the rich marine food resources have led to You can download a pdf of The Fraser River drains the interior of a long history of settlement by Canadian this spread to print as a poster at: British Columbia on Canada’s west coast www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ indigenous peoples. The first settlement with a catchment area over ten times the here was up to 9,000 years ago. This was geographyreviewextras 2 area of Wales (220,000 km ). In the spring an important trading area for aboriginal the melting of snow and glacial ice in the peoples and is now the site of Vancouver mountains of British Columbia sends a pulse (population 2.4 million) which is a major What is the Fraser of meltwater down the Fraser. port city, trading around US$200 billion in River Plume? The Fraser valley contains thick deposits goods annually. of glacial sediments deposited at the end If you take the Tsawwassen ferry from of the last ice age and mobilisation of some Vancouver to Vancouver Island during of this material in the spring flood produces the summer you may find yourself sailing high sediment concentrations in the river How geographical through a dramatic shift in the colour of water. Deposition of these sediments The Fraser Delta and the city the ocean surface.
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