DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecological Studies on Lace Bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on Their Major Host Plants in Khartoum State

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecological Studies on Lace Bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on Their Major Host Plants in Khartoum State ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON LACE BUGS (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) ON THEIR MAJOR HOST PLANTS IN KHARTOUM STATE BY Abd alla Abdel rahim Satti B.Sc. (Agric.) Hons., University of Gezira M.Sc. (Agric.), University of Khartoum A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor Prof. El-Imam El-Khidir Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum December – 2003 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………….. iv ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………. v ARABIC ABSTRACT …………………………………………. Vi 1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………… 1 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………….. 5 2.1. Lace bugs (= tinged bugs) ……………………………….. 5 2.1.1. Classification ………………………………………… 5 2.1.2. Description …………………………………………… 8 2.1.3. Life history and ecology ……………………………... 9 2.1.4. Distribution and damage ……………………………... 10 2.1.5. Natural enemies ……………………………………… 12 2.1.5.1. Parasites………………………………………….. 12 2.1.5.2. Predators………………………………………….. 12 2.1.6. General control measures ……………………………. 18 2.1.6.1. Cultural methods …………………………………. 18 2.1.6.2. Insecticidal control ………………………………. 19 2.2. Eggplant lace bug (= eggplant tingid bug) ………………. 19 2.2.1. Taxonomy ……………………………………………. 19 2.2.2. Description …………………………………………… 20 2.2.3. Life history and bionomics …………………………... 21 2.2.4. Ecology ………………………………………………. 22 2.2.5. Distribution …………………………………………... 23 2.2.6. Host plants …………………………………………… 23 2.2.7. Damage and economic importance ………………….. 24 2.2.8. Natural enemies …………………………………….. 25 2.2.9. Control ……………………………………………….. 25 2.3 "Adasi" lace bug ………………………………………….. 26 2.3.1. Taxonomy ……………………………………………. 26 2.3.2. Distribution …………………………………………... 26 2.3.3. Host plants …………………………………………… 27 2.4. Sunflower lace bug ………………………………………. 27 2.4.1. Taxonomy ……………………………………………. 27 2.4.2. Description …………………………………………… 27 2.4.3. Life history …………………………………………… 28 2.4.4. Ecology ………………………………………………. 28 2.4.5. Distribution …………………………………………... 29 2.4.6. Host plants …………………………………………… 29 2.4.7. Damage ………………………………………………. 30 2.4.8. Control ……………………………………………….. 30 2 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ……………………………. 31 3.1. Field experiments ………………………………………… 31 3.1.1. Eggplant ……………………………………………… 31 3.1.2. Pigeon pea …………………………………………… 32 3.1.3. Sunflower …………………………………………….. 32 3.2. Field surveys ……………………………………………... 33 3.2.1. Lace bugs and their hosts plants ……………………... 33 3.2.2. Predators and their hosts plants ……………………… 33 3.3. Laboratory work …………………………………………. 34 3.3.1. Monitoring of lace bug parasites …………………….. 34 3.3.2. Morphological presentation of important lace bug species ………………………………………………... 34 3.3.3. Durations of the pre-adult stages of important lace bug species on some of their major host plants .……... 35 4. RESULTS ……………………………………………………. 39 4.1. Encountered lace bugs and their host plants ……………... 39 4.2. General morphological and behavioural observations …… 65 4.3. Seasonality of lace bugs and their distribution within host plants ………………………………………………... 67 4.4. Damage inflicted by the different lace bug species ……… 92 4.5. Duration of the pre-adult stages of some important species on their major host plants ………………………... 97 4.6. Natural enemies of lace bugs and their seasonal abundance ………………………………………………... 103 5. DISCUSSION ………………………………………………... 137 REFERENCES……………………………………………… 151 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, praise and thanks be to Allah, Lord of the world, who gave me strength and ability to conclude my research work. Secondly, I am very grateful and deeply indebted to my supervisor, Prof. El Imam El Khidir, for his thorough knowledge that makes us love and enjoy the science of ecology, not merely of our insects, but of our animals, plants, peoples and planet too. Through continuous investigations and invaluable dialogues he offers, the research time has passed unfelt. Also, it is a pleasure to acknowledge that kind helps I have received from the staff members and technicians of the Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum (U. of K.), throughout the study period. I appreciate the cooperation provided between the National Centre for Research (NCR), University of Sudan (U. of S.), particularly the Faculty of Agricultural Studies, and the Faculty of Agriculture, U. of K., which facilitated the performance of the field experiments at Shambat. Special thanks are due to Dr. Seifel Din M. Khair and the staff members of the Department of Crop Protection, U. of S., for their fruitful cooperation. Thanks are also due to Dr. Sami A. Hamid, for permitting using his valuable Canon Camera during the field surveys, and to Dr. Abdel Wahab Hassan, for providing sunflower seeds. Finally, I deeply acknowledged the fund executed to this study by the Ministry of Sc. and Tech., and the help rendered to me by the Environment and Natural Resources Research Institute (ENRRI), NCR. I am grateful in particular to Dr. Osman E. Nasr, Head of the Department of Biocontrol and Alternatives to Pesticides, ENRRI, for encouragement, and to my colleaques Seifel Din, Mogbil and Abdel Muniem for their helps in various ways. The real assistant of Mogbil A. El Nuari made the difficulties of surveys and recognition of some new insects in the field, more possible and fruitful. Thanks are lastly extended to Ikhlas Y., for patience in typing this thesis. 4 ABSTRACT Ecological studies on lace bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) were carried out during three consecutive years (2000 – 2002) in Khartoum State, where these pests were investigated in their natural habitats. The research work was executed through field experiments, extensive field surveys on cultivated and wild hosts plants, and was supported by some laboratory work. Species present in the area with new ones, together with their host plants were recorded. Some essential features of the detected lace bugs were drawn. The seasonality of important species, their distribution on host plants, and the characteristics of damage inflicted were closely followed under field conditions. The duration of immature stages were also studied in the laboratory. Moreover, natural enemies were evaluated in various habitats. A total of nine lace bug species and nineteen host plants were found, from which six pests and thirteen hosts were new records. Urentius spp. were never found infesting the same host plants together, as believed. These species revealed an increase in their population build up twice a year, both at the end of rainy and winter seasons. On the other hand, Galeatus scrophicus Saunders and most of the newly encountered lace bugs peaked once, only during winter season. Some species with camouflaging habits were discussed. Different feeding patterns exhibited on leaves by the various lace bugs were explained. Various groups of general predators were found. Spiders (various species) were the dominant group associated with lace bugs during all seasons, followed by chrysopids and lastly, coccinellids. Prevalence of these predators on the bug host plants and other plants not attacked by the bugs were thoroughly discussed. Field management to preserve such natural enemies was thought essential. 5 ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺠﺩ (Lace bugs) ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ Tingidae ﺘﺤﺕ ﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻨﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺤﺔ (Hemiptera) ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻭﺍﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ 2000 ﺇﻟﻰ 2002 ، ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ. ﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻭﺍﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ. ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ. ﺍﺸﺘﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻁﻭل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ. ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﺓ (ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺴﺎﺕ) ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌل. ﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺤﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺠﺩ ﻭﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻨ ﻭ ﻋ ﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌل ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ، ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻨ ﻭ ﻋ ﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌل ﺘﺴﺠل ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ. ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻭﺍﺌل ﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺫﻨﺠﺎﻥ ( Urentius hystricellus) ﻭﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺴـﻲ (U. euonymus). ﺃﻭﻀـﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﺕ (.Urentius spp) ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ، ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ. ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﺘﻨﺠﺩ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ (Galeatus scrophicus) ﻭﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ. ﻟﻘﺩ ﺍﺸﺘﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺘﻨﺔ (ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ) ﺒﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ. ﻭﺃﺒﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ ﺒﺄﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌل ﺘﻡ ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ. ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻐﺫﻯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺠﺩ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ. ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺠﺩ، ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻜﺏ – Spiders (ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ)، ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﺴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻥ (chrysopids)، ﻭﺃ ﺨ ﻴ ﺭ ﺍﹰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺩ (coccinellids)، ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﻓ ﺤ ﺼ ﺎﹰ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﻀﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺠﺩ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻘل ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﻻﺩﺍﺀ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ. 6 1. INTRODUCTION The Sudan is considered as one of the twelve largest countries in the world, with its area account for 967,500 square miles, lies wholly within the tropics, between latitudes 22º and 3º North and longitudes 38º and 22º East. Topographically, the country is more or less a uniform plains, except for few altitudes such as Marra and Nuba Mountains in the west and the Red Sea Hills in the east, which have limited effect on the climate of these areas. Most of this large area is a fertile land of potential
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lace Bugs of Namibia (Heteroptera, Tingoidea, Tingidae)1
    © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Lace bugs of Namibia (Heteroptera, Tingoidea, Tingidae)1 J. DECKERT & U. GÖLLNER-SCHEIDING Abstract: This paper provides locality records and host plant data for 85 species in 32 genera of Namib- ian Tingidae. Three new species are described: Ammianus ernsti nov.sp., Cysteochila bassoni nov.sp., and Cysteochila rusti nov.sp. Forty-three species are recorded for the first time from Namibia. A key to the genera found in Namibia is presented. Key words: Afrotropical Tingidae, distribution, key, Namibia. Introduction oligophagous on a group of related plants, but some species are polyphagous and feed More than 2000 species of lace bugs in on species of several different plant families. approximately 270 genera are known world- wide. One third of all known lace bugs oc- The lion’s share of Tingidae, more than curs in Africa, which amounts to more than 95 % of the described species, belongs to the 600 species in 121 genera (GÖLLNER-SCHEI- subfamily Tinginae. Many genera of Tingi- DING 2004a). Forty-two species of Tingidae nae remain poorly defined and several are have been recorded previously from Namib- almost certainly not monophyletic. LIS ia and the present study increases this num- (1999) and GUILBERT (2001, 2004) dis- ber to 85 species in 32 genera. cussed two contradicting views of the family and subfamily level classification of Tin- Tingidae are mainly distributed in the goidea. One of the main differences be- tropical and temperate zones. All species are of small size. Their total length is usually be- tween these two classifications is the posi- tween two and four millimetres, but a few tion and treatment of Cantacader and some species measure less than two or up to eight related species groups as either a separate millimetres.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the United States National Museum
    Proceedings of the United States National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 112 I960 Number 3431 LACE-BUG GENERA OF THE WORLD (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) « By Carl J. Drake and Florence A. Ruhoff Introduction A treatise of the generic names of the family Tingidae from a global standpoint embodies problems similar to those frequently encountered in corresponding studies in other animal groups. The more im- portant criteria, including such basic desiderata as fixation of type species, synonyms, priority, and dates of technical publications implicate questions concomitant with recent trends toward the clarification and stabilization of zoological nomenclature. Zoogeography, predicated and authenticated on the generic level by the distribution of genera and species, is portrayed here by means of tables, charts, and maps of the tingifauna of the world. This visual pattern of distribution helps one to form a more vivid concept of the family and its hierarchic levels of subfamilies and genera. To a limited extent the data indicate distributional concentrations and probable centers of evolution and dispersal paths of genera. The phylogenetic relationship of genera is not discussed. The present treatise recognizes 216 genera (plus 79 synonyms, homonyms, and emendations) of the Tingidae of the world and gives 1 Research for this paper was supported In part by the National Science Foundation, grant No. 4095. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 112 the figure of 1,767 as the approximate number of species now recog- nized. These figures, collated with similar categories in Lethierry and Severin (1896), show that there has been an increase of many genera and hundreds of species of Tingidae during the past three- quarters of a century.
    [Show full text]
  • Tingidae (Heteroptera) De Nicaragua
    ISSN 1021-0296 REVISTA NICARAGUENSE DE ENTOMOLOGIA N° 113. Diciembre 2016 Tingidae (Heteroptera) de Nicaragua. Por Jean-Michel Maes & Alex Knudson. PUBLICACIÓN DEL MUSEO ENTOMOLÓGICO ASOCIACIÓN NICARAGÜENSE DE ENTOMOLOGÍA LEON - - - NICARAGUA Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 113. 2016. La Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología (ISSN 1021-0296) es una publicación reconocida en la Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal (Red ALyC) e indexada en los índices: Zoological Record, Entomológical Abstracts, Life Sciences Collections, Review of Medical and Veterinary Entomology and Review of Agricultural Entomology. Los artículos de esta publicación están reportados en las Páginas de Contenido de CATIE, Costa Rica y en las Páginas de Contenido de CIAT, Colombia. Todos los artículos que en ella se publican son sometidos a un sistema de doble arbitraje por especialistas en el tema. The Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología (ISSN 1021-0296) is a journal listed in the Latin-American Index of Scientific Journals. It is indexed in: Zoological Records, Entomológical, Life Sciences Collections, Review of Medical and Veterinary Entomology and Review of Agricultural Entomology. And reported in CATIE, Costa Rica and CIAT, Colombia. Two independent specialists referee all published papers. Consejo Editorial Jean Michel Maes Fernando Hernández-Baz Editor General Editor Asociado Museo Entomológico Universidad Veracruzana Nicaragua México José Clavijo Albertos Silvia A. Mazzucconi Universidad Central de Universidad de
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Classification Standards 2020
    RECOMMENDED INSECT CLASSIFICATION FOR UGA ENTOMOLOGY CLASSES (2020) In an effort to standardize the hexapod classification systems being taught to our students by our faculty in multiple courses across three UGA campuses, I recommend that the Entomology Department adopts the basic system presented in the following textbook: Triplehorn, C.A. and N.F. Johnson. 2005. Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects. 7th ed. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont CA, 864 pp. This book was chosen for a variety of reasons. It is widely used in the U.S. as the textbook for Insect Taxonomy classes, including our class at UGA. It focuses on North American taxa. The authors were cautious, presenting changes only after they have been widely accepted by the taxonomic community. Below is an annotated summary of the T&J (2005) classification. Some of the more familiar taxa above the ordinal level are given in caps. Some of the more important and familiar suborders and families are indented and listed beneath each order. Note that this is neither an exhaustive nor representative list of suborders and families. It was provided simply to clarify which taxa are impacted by some of more important classification changes. Please consult T&J (2005) for information about taxa that are not listed below. Unfortunately, T&J (2005) is now badly outdated with respect to some significant classification changes. Therefore, in the classification standard provided below, some well corroborated and broadly accepted updates have been made to their classification scheme. Feel free to contact me if you have any questions about this classification.
    [Show full text]
  • BYGL Newsletter | Buckeye Yard & Garden Online
    BYGL Newsletter May 17, 2012 This is the 7th 2012 edition of the Buckeye Yard and Garden Line (BYGL). BYGL is developed from a Tuesday morning conference call of Extension Educators, Specialists, and other contributors in Ohio. Authors for 2015: Amanda Bennett, Pam Bennett, Joe Boggs, Jim Chatfield, Julie Crook, Erik Draper, Gary Gao, Denise Johnson, Jacqueline Kowalski, Ashley Kulhanek, Cindy Meyer, Amy Stone, Nancy Taylor, Marne Titchenell, Danae Wolfe, and Curtis Young. Plants of The Week » * Annual - Plectranthus 'Mona Lavendar' (Plectranthus spp.) Belonging to the mint family and having the common name SWEDISH IVY, this annual has incredible lavender blooms that show off above the plant. In Ohio gardens, it is an annual that grows with a rounded mound shape and gets around 18" tall and as wide. 'Mona Lavender' can be used in containers, bedding areas, and mixed in the perennial garden. In large containers, it makes an excellent filler plant. The rich purplish-green foliage adds color to containers; it is shiny and deep-green on top with a rich purple on the underside. The plant takes full sun or light shade and is considered deer resistant. The flower spikes have tubular lavender flowers that last for a long period of time, making deadheading almost unnecessary. For More Information: Missouri Botanical Garden Kemper Center for Home Gardening information on growing Plectranthus 'Mona Lavender' http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/plant.asp *Perennial - Allium or Ornamental Onion (Allium spp.). In fact, don't deadhead the flowers until they completely lose their ornamental value. Many look great even dried in the garden.
    [Show full text]
  • ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS DE Corytucha Gossypii (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) COM FOLHAS DE MAMONA
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Ana Lígia Aureliano de Lima e Silva ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS DE Corytucha gossypii (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) COM FOLHAS DE MAMONA Campina Grande Dezembro 2012 Ana Lígia Aureliano de Lima e Silva ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS DE Corytucha gossypii (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) COM FOLHAS DE MAMONA Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) apresentado ao Curso de Graduação em Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, em cumprimento à exigência para obtenção do grau de licenciado em Ciências Biológicas. Orientador(a): Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva; Co orientador (a): Maria Avany Bezerra Gusmão F ICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA BIBLIOTECA CENTRAL – UEPB S586a Silva, Ana Lígia Aureliano de Lima e. Aspectos biológicos de Corytucha Gossypii (HEMIPTERA:TINGIDAE) com folhas de mamona. [manuscrito] / Ana Lígia Aureliano de Lima e Silva. – 2012. 15 f. : il. color. Digitado. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Ciências Biológicas) – Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 2012. “Orientação: Prof. Dr. Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva, EMBRAPA.” “Co- Orientação: Prof. Dra. Maria Anavy Beserra Gusmão, Departamento de Biologia.” 1. Mamona. 2. Corytucha gossypii. 3. Percevejo C. I. Título. CDD 21. ed. 570 ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS DE Corytucha gossypii (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) COM FOLHAS DE MAMONA Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) apresentado ao Curso de Graduação em Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, em cumprimento à exigência para obtenção do grau de licenciado em Ciências Biológicas. APROVADA EM 14/12/2012 Aspectos biológicos de Corythucha gossypii (Hemiptera: Tingidae) em folhas de mamona RESUMO Corytucha gossypii (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) é responsável por ocasionar danos severos a diversas espécies vegetais.
    [Show full text]
  • Key to Genera of Tingidae in Florida
    Insect Classification Spring 2003 Amanda Bisson, Sarah Clark, Matt Lehnert, and Rick Stein Key to TINGIDAE of Florida Lace Bugs Tingidae is a rather large family in the order Heteroptera containing approximately 250 genera and 2000 species worldwide. All are phytophagous (feeding on plants) and are host specific. In fact, despite the detailed key provided here, one of the most important pieces of information necessary for tingid identification is the name of the host plant. Thirty-nine species have been reported in Florida; however, only seven of those are commonly encountered. The most common species that occur in Florida include the azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides), the hawthorn lace bug (Corythucha cydoniae), the lantana lace bug (Teleonemia scrupulosa) and the sycamore lace bug (Corythucha ciliata). Other important species include the avocado lace bug (Pseudacysta perseae), the fringetree lace bug (Leptoypha mutica), and the oak lace bug (Corythucha floridana). Physical identification of tingids is done primarily through examination of the head, pronotum and hemelytra. Adult lace bugs get their name from the lace-like appearance of their dorsum. This is created by a reticulate network of ridges on the pronotum and hemelytra that divides the area into a series of cells of variable size and shape. Many tingids also bear a strongly developed bucculae. These are ventral flanges on either side of the head that border the rostrum. Other common characteristics of tingids include two-segmented tarsi and the absence of ocelli. Their antennae are four-segmented, with segments I and II short and thick and segment III usually much longer and more slender.
    [Show full text]
  • April 17, 2020 Landscape and Nursery IPM Report
    TPM/IPM Weekly Report for Arborists, Landscape Managers & Nursery Managers Commercial Horticulture April 17, 2020 In This Issue... Coordinator Weekly IPM Report: Stanton Gill, Extension Specialist, IPM and Entomlogy for Nursery, - Freeze and frost damage Greenhouse and Managed Landscapes, [email protected]. 410-868-9400 (cell) - Crape myrtle bark scale - Landfill problems for landscapers Regular Contributors: - Eastern tent caterpillars Pest and Beneficial Insect Information: Stanton Gill and Paula Shrewsbury (Extension - Commercial horticulture Specialists) and Nancy Harding, Faculty Research Assistant update Disease Information: Karen Rane (Plant Pathologist) and David Clement (Extension - Ambrosia beetles Specialist) - Woolly apple aphids Weed of the Week: Chuck Schuster (Retired Extension Educator) - Andromeda lace bug Cultural Information: Ginny Rosenkranz (Extension Educator, Wicomico/Worcester/ - Fire blight Somerset Counties) - Fruit tree update Fertility Management: Andrew Ristvey (Extension Specialist, Wye Research & - Spruce spider mites and Education Center) Maskell scale on cryptomeria Design, Layout and Editing: Suzanne Klick (Technician, CMREC) - Needle cast disease on blue spruce - Twospotted spider mites on Freeze and Frost Damage strawberries By: Stanton Gill On Thursday night, central Maryland and western Maryland had a frost, and Beneficial of the Week: temperatures dipped down to 30 - 31 °F. I examined some fruit trees on Friday Predacious plant bug Weed of the Week: Common morning, and there was damage to some flowering sweet cherry and apple chickweed blooms. Pears that had leafed out had some damage to the tender new leaves. Plant of the Week: Pulmonaria longifolia 'Betram Anderson' At 9:000 a.m., I received an email from John Austin, former owner of Green Pest Predictions Gardens: "Wanted to drop you a line to let you know that we are seeing a fair Degree Days Phenology amount of what appears to be Freeze Damage to plants as they are coming Announcements out of Dormancy.
    [Show full text]
  • Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report
    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4
    [Show full text]
  • Acacia Flat Mite (Brevipalpus Acadiae Ryke & Meyer, Tenuipalpidae, Acarina): Doringboomplatmyt
    Creepie-crawlies and such comprising: Common Names of Insects 1963, indicated as CNI Butterfly List 1959, indicated as BL Some names the sources of which are unknown, and indicated as such Gewone Insekname SKOENLAPPERLYS INSLUITENDE BOSLUISE, MYTE, SAAMGESTEL DEUR DIE AALWURMS EN SPINNEKOPPE LANDBOUTAALKOMITEE Saamgestel deur die MET MEDEWERKING VAN NAVORSINGSINSTITUUT VIR DIE PLANTBESKERMING TAALDIENSBURO Departement van Landbou-tegniese Dienste VAN DIE met medewerking van die DEPARTEMENT VAN ONDERWYS, KUNS EN LANDBOUTAALKOMITEE WETENSKAP van die Taaldiensburo 1959 1963 BUTTERFLY LIST Common Names of Insects COMPILED BY THE INCLUDING TICKS, MITES, EELWORMS AGRICULTURAL TERMINOLOGY AND SPIDERS COMMITTEE Compiled by the IN COLLABORATION WiTH PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH THE INSTITUTE LANGUAGE SERVICES BUREAU Department of Agricultural Technical Services OF THE in collaboration with the DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND AGRICULTURAL TERMINOLOGY SCIENCE COMMITTEE DIE STAATSDRUKKER + PRETORIA + THE of the Language Service Bureau GOVERNMENT PRINTER 1963 1959 Rekenaarmatig en leksikografies herverwerk deur PJ Taljaard e-mail enquiries: [email protected] EXPLANATORY NOTES 1 The list was alphabetised electronically. 2 On the target-language side, ie to the right of the :, synonyms are separated by a comma, e.g.: fission: klowing, splyting The sequence of the translated terms does NOT indicate any preference. Preferred terms are underlined. 3 Where catchwords of similar form are used as different parts of speech and confusion may therefore
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 14, No. 1 Spring 1981 the GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Volume 14 No
    The GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 14, No. 1 Spring 1981 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Volume 14 No. 1 ISSN 0090-0222 TABLE OF CONTENTS Annotated List of Indiana Scolytidae (Coleoptera) Mark Deyrup .................................................. Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black Walnut Plantation. 2. Coreoida J. E. McPherson and B. C. Weber .......................................... 11 Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black Walnut Plantation. 3. Reduvioidea J. E. McPherson and B. C. Weber .......................................... 15 Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black Walnut Plantation. 4. Cimicoidea J. E. McPherson and B. C. Weber .......................................... 19 Fourlined Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae), A Reappraisal: Life History, Host Plants, and Plant Response to Feeding A. G. Wheeler, Jr. and Gary L. Miller.. ..................................... 23 Hawthorn Lace Bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae), First Record of Injury to Roses, with a Review of Host Plants A. G. Wheeler, Jr. ........................................................ 37 Notes on the Biology of Nersia florens (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae) with Descriptions of Eggs, and First, Second, and Fifth Instars S. W. Wilson and J. E. McPherson.. ...................... Ontogeny of the Tibial Spur in Megamelus davisi (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and its Bearing on Delphacid Classification S. W. Wilson and J. E. McPherson.. .....................
    [Show full text]
  • First Report of the Lace Bug Neoplerochila Paliatseasi (Rodrigues, 1981) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Infesting Cultivated Olive Trees
    Zootaxa 4722 (5): 443–462 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4722.5.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0183A47A-AA1E-4AAF-8802-54CB9CCDE58C First report of the lace bug Neoplerochila paliatseasi (Rodrigues, 1981) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) infesting cultivated olive trees in South Africa, and its complete mitochondrial sequence JETHRO LANGLEY1, MORGAN CORNWALL1, CHANTÉ POWELL1, CARLO COSTA2, ELLEUNORAH ALLSOPP3, SIMON VAN NOORT4,5, ERIC GUILBERT6 & BARBARA VAN ASCH1 1Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa. 2Crop Development Division, Infruitec Campus, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa. 3Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa. 4Research and Exhibitions Department, Iziko South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. 5Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa. 6Département Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7179, CP50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. Barbara van Asch - [email protected] ABSTRACT Olive lace bugs are small phytophagous Hemipteran insects known to cause agricultural losses in olive production in South Africa. Plerochila australis (Distant, 1904) has been reported as the species responsible for damage to olive trees; however, the diversity of olive lace bug species in the region has lacked attention. Adult olive lace bugs were collected incidentally from wild and cultivated olive trees in the Western Cape Province, and identified as P. australis and Neoplerochila paliatseasi (Rodrigues, 1981).
    [Show full text]