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143 Genus Mylothris Huebner AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 15 August 2021 Genus Mylothris Hübner, [1819] Dotted Borders In: Hübner, [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge 90 (432 + 72 pp.). Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio poppea Cramer, by subsequent designation (Butler, 1870. Cistula Entomologica 1: 42 (33-58).). = Pseudomylothris Neustetter, 1929. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 23: 191 (191-192). Type-species: Mylothris leonora Krüger, by monotypy. Treated as a junior synonym of Mylothris Huebner, 1819 by Vane-Wright & Liseki, 2011: 86. The genus Mylothris belongs to the Family Pieridae Swainson, 1820; Subfamily Pierinae Swainson, 1820; Tribe Pierini Swainson, 1820; Subtribe Aporiina Chapman, 1895. The other genera in the Subtribe Aporiina in the Afrotropical Region are Belenois and Dixeia. Mylothris (Dotted Borders) is an Afrotropical genus of 106 species, one of which extends extralimitally. First revised by Talbot (1944). A recent phylogenetic analysis of a section of the Pieridae, based on the nuclear gene EF-1α, has shown that the nearest relatives of Mylothris are 13 extralimital genera belonging to the Aporia Hübner, Delias and Catasticta group of genera, all provisionally assigned to the subtribe Aporiina (Braby et al., 2007). The genus was thoroughly revised by Warren-Gash in 2020. Relevant literature: Warren-Gash, 2020 [Revision of genus]. Warren-Gash et al., 2020 [Phylogeny and systematics]. Braby et al., 2007 [Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Aporiina]. Braby, 2005 [Larval foodplant relationships]. 1 Classification of Mylothris (Warren-Gash, 2020) jacksoni clade ruandana complex – ruandana, kahusiana, ducarmei jacksoni complex – jacksoni, swaynei, sagala, sagitta, insignis, narcissus, albissima, collinsi, seminigra, nagichota, cederici, knutssoni, trimenia, carcassoni crawshayi complex – crawshayi, leonora, kiellandi elodina clade – elodina rhodope clade croceus; superbus groups – croceus, smithii, slpendens, superbus jaopura complex – jaopura, knoopi, beni, fernandina, kiwuensis, katera, stewarti, gabila, talboti sophiae/suam group – sophiae, suam yulei complex – yulei, melita, alluaudi, schumanni, belcastroi, uniformis, bouyeri mortoni; hecqui; latimargo groups – mortoni, hecqui, latimargo, bansoana, zairiensis rhodope group – rhodope, wahlbergi agathina clade ochracea/sulphurea complex – ochracea, solilucis, flaviana, interposita, marginea, schoutedeni, holochroma, sulphurea, aurantiaca, carvalhoi, mavumda, citrina dimidiata/asphodelus complex – dimidiata, primulina, asphodelus canescens complex – atewa, somereni, canescens, fontainei bernice – bernice chloris complex – chloris, agathina, arabicus, rembina, phileris, ngaziya, humbloti hilara clade sjoestedti/dollmani group – sjoestedti, dollmani, similis poppea/spica; erlangeri groups – poppea, spica, erlangeri dubia group – aburi, dubia, shaba goma group – goma, polychroma, ochrea, carolinae, winstoni hilara group – fouta, hilara, josi, pseudohulara, furvus continua group – boireaui, alexanderi, continua, maxima rueppellii group – septentrionalis, rueppellii, menagesha, cousinae, pluviata 2 *Mylothris ruandana Strand, 1909 Angled Dotted Border Mylothris ruandana Strand, 1909. Societas Entomologica 24: 42 (42-43). Ackery, et. al., 1995: 222. Mylothris ruandana Strand, 1909. Warrren-Gash, 2020: 24. Type locality: [Rwanda]: “S.W. Ruanda, Bergerwald”. Syntypes in the NHM, London (Warren-Gash, 2020). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (south-west – Kigezi), Rwanda. Habitat: Forest (Davenport, 2002). Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Loranthus species (Loranthaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 317]. Mylothris ruandana ruandana Strand, 1909 Angled Dotted Border Mylothris ruandana Strand, 1909. Societas Entomologica 24: 42 (42-43). Ackery, et. al., 1995: 222. Mylothris ruandana ruandana Strand, 1909. Warrren-Gash, 2020: 24. Type locality: [Rwanda]: “S.W. Ruanda, Bergerwald”. Syntypes in the NHM, London (Warren-Gash, 2020). Distribution: Rwanda. Apparently restricted to the Nyungwe Forest (Warren-Gash, 2020). Specific localities: Rwanda – Bergurwald [Nyungwe Forest], south-west Rwanda (TL). Mylothris ruandana subsolana Hecq, 2001 Northern Angled Dotted Border Mylothris subsolana Hecq, 2001. Lambillionea 101 (1) (Tome I): 74 (74-76). Mylothris ruandana subsolana Hecq, 2001. Warren-Gash, 2020: 24. Stat. nov. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Tshibinda, Kivu”. Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in the Royal Museum for Central Africa (MRAC), Tervuren, Belgium. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east – Kivu), Uganda (south-west – Kigezi). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Tshibinda, Kivu (TL). Uganda – Bwindi Forest (Davenport, 2002). *Mylothris kahusiana Hecq, 2001 Kahusi Dotted Border Mylothris kahusiana Hecq, 2001. Lambillionea 101 (1) (Tome I): 76 (74-76). Mylothris kahusiana Hecq, 2001. Warrren-Gash, 2020: 25. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Lake Kahusi area, Kivu”. Holotype (male) in the Royal Museum for Central Africa (MRAC), Tervuren, Belgium. Known only from the holotype male (Warren-Gash, 2020). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (South Kivu). Specific localities: Democraric Republic of Congo – Lake Kahusi area, Kivu (TL). 3 Habitat: Bamboo Forest, at 2,400 m.a.s.l. (Warren-Gash, 2020). Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Mylothris ducarmei Hecq, 2001 Kasisi Dotted Border Mylothris ducarmei Hecq, 2001. Lambillionea 101 (1) (Tome I): 76 (74-76). Mylothris ducarmei Hecq, 2001. Warrren-Gash, 2020: 25. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kasisi, Kivu”. Holotype (female) and allotype (male) in the Royal Museum for Central Africa (MRAC), Tervuren, Belgium. The forest at the type locality has been destroyed (Warren-Gash, 2020). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (North Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kasisi, Kivu (TL); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Montane forest (Warren-Gash, 2020). Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Mylothris jacksoni Sharpe, 1891 Sulphur-hindwing Dotted Border Mylothris jacksoni Sharpe, 1891. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891: 190 (187-194). Mylothris sagala jacksoni Sharpe, 1891. Aurivillius, 1910: 36; Talbot, 1944: 160, 182. Mylothris jacksoni jacksoni Sharpe, 1891. Ackery et al., 1995: 220; Larsen, 1996: 149. Mylothris jacksoni Sharpe, 1891. Warrren-Gash, 2020: 26. Mylothris jacksoni jacksoni. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Nandi Forest, Kenya. 8 October 1997. Images M.C.Williams ex J. Greyling Collection. 4 Mylothris jacksoni clio. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Near Naivasha, Kenya. 23 May 1997. A. Gardiner. Images M. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Type locality: [Kenya]: “Kavirondo”. Types in the NHM, London. Warren-Gash (2020:26) designated a lectotype (male), which has the label data “Kavirondo, x.1889, F.J. Jackson”. Diagnosis: Differs from M. sagala in the following respects: smaller; forewing upperside black border extending all the way around, and apex more acute and distal margin less rounded (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania. Habitat: Submontane forest, apparently at slightly lower altitudes than the closely related M. sagala (Larsen, 1991c). Habits: The flight is weak and several metres above the ground. Males remain on the wing for long periods, coursing along the edges of submontane forest. Females spend most of their time in the canopy, searching for plants on which to oviposit (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes are occasionally seen at flowers in large numbers (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Congdon et al., 2017 [final instar larva]. Larval food: Englerina woodfordioides (Schweinf.) Balle (Loranthaceae) [Warren-Gash, 2020:29; for ssp. clio; as Engleriana]. Erianthemum sp. (Loranthaceae) [Congdon et al., 2017]. “Loranthus” (Santalales) [Kielland, 1990d (Tanzania); Larsen, 1991c: 149 (Kenya)]. Phragmanthera sp. (Loranthaceae) [Warren-Gash, 2020:29; for ssp. clio]. Note: Specimens from Pungo Andongo in Angola probably represent an undescribed subspecies of either M. jacksoni or, more likely, M. albissima (Warren-Gash, 2020: 29). Mylothris jacksoni jacksoni Sharpe, 1891 Sulphur-hindwing Dotted Border Mylothris jacksoni Sharpe, 1891. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891: 190 (187-194). Mylothris sagala jacksoni Sharpe, 1891. Aurivillius, 1910: 36; Talbot, 1944: 160, 182. Mylothris jacksoni jacksoni Sharpe, 1891. Ackery et al., 1995: 220; Larsen, 1996: 149. Mylothris jacksoni jacksoni Sharpe, 1891. Warrren-Gash, 2020: 26. Mylothris jacksoni jacksoni. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Nandi Forest, Kenya. 8 October 1997. Images M.C.Williams ex J. Greyling Collection. Type locality: [Kenya]: “Kavirondo”. Types in the NHM, London. Warren-Gash (2020:26) designated a lectotype (male), which has the label data “Kavirondo, x.1889, F.J. Jackson”. Diagnosis: Both sexes of the nominate subspecies are characterized by the forewing upperside being mostly white (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east – Ituri, Kivu), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya 5 (west of the Rift Valley), Ethiopia (south and west). Recorded (in error?) from Loliondo in northern Tanzania by Kielland (1990d). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo –Semuliki
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