Gas Shielded Processes

- . (PAW)

Lecture 5 p1 PAW: Process Fundamentals (

• In PAW the heat source is an arc maintained between a non-consumable­ and the workpiece • The arc is constricted by a cooled orifice that surrounds the electrode • Inert gas is supplied separately to the orifice and to a surrounding low-velocity shielding flow

5 p2 PAW: Comparison with GTAW

SHIELDING ELECTRODE GAS SHIELDING t GAS .

GTAW PAW

Lecture 5 p3 PAW: Effect of Arc Constriction (

GTAW PAW Arc Temperatur~s

• >24000K • 18 000 - 24 000 " • 14000 - 18 000 " • 10 000 - 14000 "

200 A, 15 V

5 p4 PAW Modes

CONSTRICTING NOZZLE

ORIFICE GAS

SHIELDING GAS

TRANSFERRED ARC NON-TRANSFERRED ARC

Lecture 5 p5. PAW: Keyhole technique (

KEYHOLE

WELD BEAD

p6 PAW: Welding Procedures

Keyhole welding of sheet

T = Matenal Thickness -4 E 20 B= Upper Clamp Spacing E . C =Back-up Bar Spacing ...... 3 15 A = Weld Current () B - 2 III B 10 -j C 1 7-- ~I 1 ~~ L:--_--L.__---'-__----:-I.::-...J 'ViC .5 1.0 1.5 T(mm)

Lecture 5 p7 PAW: Backing for Keyhole Welding (

TORCH- ~ \!~Il. PlASMA JIT .

BACKINGGA

BACKING BAR

p8 PAW Welding Equipment

START/STOP SWITCH .-----.-1 COOLANT o 01------, ,.-----1CIRCULATOR '--'-~IFICEGAS -rL--.!-Jl IELD GAS -----I TORCH WER & COOLANT IN CONTROLLER 1-- --, WER & COOLANT OUT -.....----r----'

WORK WELDING GAS POWER SOURCE

REMOTE CURRENT CONTROL

Lecture 5 p£ PAW Welding Torch (

COOLANT OUTLET ORIFICE GAS INLET -----.,POWER CONDUCTORS

COOLANT INLET

HIELDING GAS INLET

14+--f+----' ELECTRODE ORIFICE BODY

.,OUTER SHIELD CUP

~5 p10 PAW Applications

• Very thin sheet (down to 0.1 mm), wire and mesh sections in microplasma mode • Full penetration welding of sheet and prate up to about 5mm thick in single pass keyhole mode. • Keyhole mode usually in flat position, rarely for tube and pipe welding • Melt-in mode applications similar to GTAW

Lecture 5 P 11. PAW Capabilities & Limitations (

+ Higher intensity heat - Little tolerance for joint source than GTAW misalignment _ - higher welding speeds - Torch orifice must be . - reduced heat input and well maintained for distortion consistent weld quality + Insensitive to torch - PAW torches are more stand-off distance bulkier and more + Applicable to almost all difficult to manipulate metals manually than GTAW + Adaptable to precision mechanized applications

·5 p12 Electron Beam _. & Laser Welding

Lecture 5 p13 EBW, LBW Fundamentals ( ,

• Heat source is radiant energy from focused beam of electrons or photons (light) • Shielding from atmospheric contamination by welding in vacuum chamber (EBW), inert gas shield (LBW)

e5 p14 LBW, EBW Capabilities and Limitations

+ Very high energy density - Little tolerance for joint heat sources misalignment _ + Very deep penetration in - EBW requirement for "keyhole" mode vacuum chamber + Narrow welds and HAl limits maximum size + High welding speed that can be welded + Reduced heat input and - Equipment is complex distortion and costly. + Adaptable to precision mechanized applications

Lecture 5 P 15