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Микротрихии На Мембране Яйцеклада Представителей Ulidiidae И Otitidae (Diptera)

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Микротрихии На Мембране Яйцеклада Представителей Ulidiidae И Otitidae (Diptera) 44 БЮЛ. МОСК. О-ВА ИСПЫТАТЕЛЕЙ ПРИРОДЫ. ОТД. БИОЛ. 2015. Т. 120. ВЫП. 4 УДК 595.773.4 МИКРОТРИХИИ НА МЕМБРАНЕ ЯЙЦЕКЛАДА ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ ULIDIIDAE И OTITIDAE (DIPTERA) Т.В. Галинская У семейств Ulidiidae и Otitidae впервые с помощью методов сканирующей электронной микроскопии были изучены такие тонкие детали морфологии как микротрихии на выворачивающейся мембране яйцекладов. Строение микротрихий связано с особенностями биологии личинок. Показано, что микротрихии помогают достоверно различать самок близких видов. Ключевые слова: Diptera, Ulidiidae, Otitidae, СЭМ, систематика. Брюшко тефритоидных мух состоит из 1–11-го 2003: Figs 310, 317; Micronevrina – Permkam, сегментов. У самок сегменты 1–6-й составляют Hancock, 1995: Fig. 144). Мухи этих групп – об- преабдомен (у самцов преабдомен составляют лигатные фитофаги, и наиболее вероятной являет- 1–5-й сегменты). Первый и второй тергиты брюш- ся «якорная» функция этих шипов при введении ка слиты с образованием синтергита. Первый и яйцеклада в растительную ткань. Гистологических второй стерниты не слиты. Постабдомен самок данных по кутикулярным выростам на выворачи- тефритоидных мух состоит из видоизмененных вающейся мембране яйцеклада не имеется. 7–11-го сегментов, образующих телескопический Нами впервые было рассмотрено строение по- невтяжной яйцеклад. Яйцеклад состоит из 7-го верхности выворачивающейся мембраны яйце- синтергостернита, выворачивающейся мембраны клада представителей Ulidiidae и Otitidae с помо- (покрытой чешуйками или шипиками, с двумя па- щью методов СЭМ (сканирующей электронной рами склеротизированных тяжей) и вершинного микроскопии). членика, акулеуса, или лезвия яйцеклада (состоя- Материал, изученный в ходе данной работы, щего из производных 8–11-го сегментов и вклю- хранится в Зоологическом музее МГУ (Москва) и в чающего 2 части – удлинненного основания и цер- Зоологическом институте РАН (Санкт-Петербург). кального членика). Мембрана яйцеклада считается У семейств Ulidiidae и Otitidae нами впервые производной 7-го сегмента. были исследованы щетинки и микроскульптура Мембрана яйцеклада в проксимальной части яйцекладов с помощью методов сканирующей имеет четыре склеротизированных тяжа: по два электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) и выявлены не- с дорзальной и вентральной сторон. С прокси- которые закономерности. На жестких участках яй- мальной стороны мембрана покрыта различными цеклада обнаружены и щетинки, и шипики. кутикулярными структурами – микротрихиями На мягкой выворачивающейся мембране яй- или шипиками. В спокойном состоянии мембрана цеклада обнаружены только микротрихии или втянута внутрь основного членика яйцеклада (7-го мембрана является голой. Широкие кониче- синтергостернита). При откладке яиц она полно- ские микротрихии выявлены у Physiphora alceae стью или частично выворачивается под давлением (Preyssler, 1791) (рисунок, a), Homalocephala жидкости в брюшке. apicalis (Wahlberg, 1839) (рисунок, б), Ceroxys В дистальной части мембрана несет различные cinifera (Loew, 1846), Ceroxys munda (Loew, 1869), кутикулярные выросты, вероятно, микротрихии Seioptera vibrans (Linnaeus, 1758). Узкие кониче- (Richards, Richards, 1979). Предполагают (Корне- ские сенсиллы характерны для представителей ев, 2004), что эти выросты создают неравномерно родов Timia и Ulidia (рисунок, в). Голая мембрана направленную силу трения, что препятствует сво- была нами отмечена для видов: Euxesta pechumani рачиванию яйцеклада. Микротрихии на выворачи- Curran, 1938 (рисунок, г), Otites formosa (Panzer, вающейся мембране яйцеклада часто рассматри- 1798). У Melieria omissa (Meigen, 1826) они спец- ваются в систематических целях. Кутикулярные ифической листовидной формы (рис 1, д), а у выросты были изучены у многих представителей Melieria crassipennis (Fabricius, 1794) – листовид- Tephritidae (Han, Freidberg, 1994; Korneyev, 1994) с ной с крючками на вершине (рисунок, е). помощью световой микроскопии. Также они были Представители примитивных родов Tephritidae изучены у Platystomatidae (Furcamyia – Whittington, являются сапрофагами, а продвинутые – фито- БЮЛ. МОСК. О-ВА ИСПЫТАТЕЛЕЙ ПРИРОДЫ. ОТД. БИОЛ. 2015. Т. 120. ВЫП. 4 45 Микротрихии на выворачивающейся мембране яйцеклада Ulidiidae и Otitidae: a – Physiphora alceae (Preyssler, 1791); б – Homalocephala apicalis (Wahlberg, 1839); в – Ulidia erythrophthalma Meigen, 1826; г – Euxesta pechumani Curran, 1938; д – Melieria omissa (Meigen, 1826); е – Me- lieria crassipennis (Fabricius, 1794) фагами на стадии личинки. Ulidiidae и Otitidae, дывает яйца непосредственно внутрь субстрата. в отличие от сестринской и более продвинутой Выворачивающаяся мембрана яйцеклада самок группы Tephritidae, на личиночной стадии в ос- изученных представителей этих родов не несет новном являются сапрофагами или копрофагами кутикулярных выростов или несет разреженные (Каменева, 2000). Тем не менее наблюдается видо- небольшие (5–10 мкм длиной) микротрихии. специфичность микротрихий на мембране видов Такое строение мембраны не препятствует сво- улидиид и отитид. Виды родов Physiphora, Timia, бодному проникновению яйцеклада под поверх- Ulidia и Euxesta являются копрофагами на личи- ность различного субстрата и позволяет этим ночной стадии. Личинки развиваются на экскре- мухам оставаться полифагами. Личинки рода ментах широкого круга животных. Самка откла- Homalocephala развиваются под корой листвен- 46 БЮЛ. МОСК. О-ВА ИСПЫТАТЕЛЕЙ ПРИРОДЫ. ОТД. БИОЛ. 2015. Т. 120. ВЫП. 4 ных и хвойных деревьев; мембрана яйцеклада клада, обусловленная, вероятно, тем, что разные несет короткие (3–5 мкм) микротрихии. Личинки виды Melieria развиваются на разных видах рас- рода Melieria развиваются на стеблях и корнях тений, может служить надежным определитель- растений, причем имеют видовые предпочтения ным признаком при изучении близких видов рода. по субстрату. Мембрана яйцеклада видов этого Например, у Melieria omissa микротрихии имеют рода несет длинные (15–20 мкм) микротрихии. Ве- специфическую листовидную форму (рис 1, д), а роятно, откладка яиц в разлагающиеся раститель- у Melieria crassipennis – листовидную с крючками ные субстраты связана с большей необходимостью на вершине (рисунок, е). Это перспективный вы- заякоривать яйцеклад. Специфичность формы ми- вод, так как определение видов Ulidiidae сейчас с кротрихий на выворачивающейся мембране яйце- большей достоверностью производят по самцам. Сбор материала для данной статьи был профинансирован грантами РФФИ № 13-04-01638 и № 14- 04-31932_мол_а. Обработка материала и получение изображений были профинансированы грантом РНФ № 14-50-00029 «Научные основы создания национального банка-депозитария живых систем». СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ Каменєва О.П. Мухи-стрічкокрилки (Diptera, Ulidiidae) ritidae / O’Hara J.F. (Ed.), Third International Congress Палеарктики (фауна, морфологія, систематика). Дис. of Dipterology. Abstract volume. Guelph: University of … канд. біол. наук. Київ, 2000. 332 с. Guelph. 1994. P. 112–113. Корнєєв В.О. Мухи тефритоїдного комплексу (Diptera, Permkam S., Hancock D.L. Australian Trypetinae (Diptera: Platystomatidae, Pyrgotidae, Tephritidae) Палеарктики Tephritidae) // Invertebrate Taxonomy. 1995. Vol. 9. (філогенія, систематика, трофічні зв’язки, поширення). P. 1047–1209. Дис. … докт. біол. наук. Київ, 2004. 789 с. Richards, A.G., Richards P.A. The cuticular protuberances of Han H.-Y., Freidberg A. Pseudomyoleja, a new Afrotropical insects // International Journal of Insect Morphology and genus of Tephritidae (Diptera) // Journal of African Zool- Embryology. 1979. Vol. 8. P. 143–157. ogy. 1994. Vol. 108. N 6. P. 547–554. Whittington A.E. Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical Korneyev V.A. Monophyly, groundplan and sister-groups Plastotephritinae (Diptera, Platystomatidae) // Studia Dip- in the families Pyrgotidae, Platystomatidae and Teph- terologica. Supplement. 2003. Vol. 12. 300 p. Поступила в редакцию 24.04.15 MICROTRICHIA ON THE OVIPOSITOR EVERSIBLE MEMBRANE OF ULIDIIDAE AND OTITIDAE (DIPTERA) T.V. Galinskaya Microtrichia, situated on the ovipositor eversible membrane of Ulidiidae and Otitidae were studied using SEM (scanning electronic microscope) for the fi rst time. Microtrichia structure is correlated with the larvae biology. Microtrichia structure can authentically distinguish females of closely related species. Key words: Diptera, Ulidiidae, Otitidae, SEM, systematics. Сведения об авторе: Галинская Татьяна Владимировна – науч. сотр. кафедры энтомологии биологического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, канд. биол. наук ([email protected]). .
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