Poverty in Rural America: January 1980-June 1993

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 401 051 RC 020 140

AUTHOR John, Patricia La Caille TITLE Poverty in Rural America: January 1980-June 1993. Quick Bibliography Series. INSTITUTION National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD. REPORT NO ISSN-1052-5378; QB-94-01 PUB DATE Dec 93 NOTE 59p.; Updates QB-91-123. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Children; Databases; Economic Development; Educational Attainment; Elementary Secondary Education; Employment; Health Services; Housing; Library Collections; Low Income Groups; *Poverty; *Resource Materials; *Rural Areas; *Rural Development; *Rural Economics; Rural Education; *Rural Population IDENTIFIERS *AGRICOLA

ABSTRACT This bibliography lists materials available from the National Agricultural Library's (NAL) AGRICOLA database that relate to rural poverty in the United States. The bibliography was derived from a search of books, journal articles, research reports, government documents, conference papers, and audiovisual aids that have been entered into the database since January 1979. The 219 citations include the NAL call number, author, place of publication, publisher, journal information, media format, language, and descriptors. In some cases, an abstract is included. Materials are concerned with children, economic conditions, economic development, rural education, employment, health care, household income, rural housing, labor market, minority groups, poverty, rural communities, rural conditions, rural development, rural economy, women, and the rural poor. Also provides information on the Rural Information Center, a joint project of NAL and the Extension Service; document delivery services to individuals; and electronic mail access for interlibrary loan requests. Includes author and subject indexes. (LP)

***************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. United States ISSN: 1052-5378 Department of AgricUlture

National Agricultural Library

Beltsviile Poverty in RuralAmerica Maryland 20705 January 1980 - June 1993 A .7) Q QB 94-01 0 Quick Bibliography Series

U.S. DEJUSTIORAIT Of EOUCKISCHS I Otta of &hasten& Shranot end Improvement RESOUR (ERIRCES INFORMATION 1 ED CENSER C) The OOCUm.nI ns awn reornsuco as ....---J---. reeleme0 POT Me PSOO or otoanoznon ottontatong "" C Musa changes nave 0~1 &sea to mom.* nalteesaten pushy

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2. .Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the NationalAgricultural Library, are intended primarily for current awareness, and as the titleof the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on anygiven subject. However, the citations are a substantial resourcefor recent investigations on a given topic. They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture tothe interested user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other means. The bibliographies arederived from computerized on-line searches of the AGRICOLAdata base. Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selectioncriteria.

The author/searcher determines the purpose, length. and search strategyof the Quick Bibliography. Information regarding these is available upon request from the author/searcher.

Copies of this bibliography may be made or used fordistribution without prior approval. The inclusion or omission of a particular publication or citation may not be construed asendorsement or disapproval.

To request a, copy of a bibliography in this series, sendthe title, series number and self-addressed gummed label to:

U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Public Services Division, Room I l Beltsville, Maryland 20705

BEST COPY AVAILABLE Poverty in Rural America January 1980 - June 1993

Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-01 Updates QB 91-123

219 citations in English from AGRICOLA

Patricia La Caine John Rural Information Center

Rural Information Center

111111011, National Agricultural library Beltsville, Maryland 207Q5 -2351 December 1993 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

John, Patricia La Caille Poverty in rural America. (Quick bibliography series ; 94-01) 1. Rural poor--United States--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.94-01

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AG Universi ./NALILLRQ 231. 4/1/93NEED BY: 6/1/93

....: . Dr Smith Faculty::'AgScbool Canadian Journal of Soil Science 1988 v 68(1): 11-27 DeJong, R. Comparison of two soil-water models under semi-arid growing

Ver: AGIUCOLA Remarks: Not available at 1U or in region. NAL CA: 56.8 C162 Atith: C. Johnson CLMaicost: S15.00 MORE

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4/93 AGRICOLA

Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present.

9 SAMPLE CITATIONS

Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database. An explanation of sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations appears below.

Journal Article: Title Publisher Journal Title Arizona meets fast food marketing challenge. Author Morrison, S. B. Denver, Colo. : American School Food Service Association. School foodservice Place of Publication journaL Sept 1987. v. 41(8). p. 48-50. ill. (NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6).

Date/ VoluIme\Issue Pages NAL Call Number

Book:

Tide Publisher Date

Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition /by June Kozak Kane. Author Kane, June Kozak. New York : Rosen Pub. Group, 1987. Includes index. xii, 133 p. : ilL ; Place of Publication 22 cm. Bibliography: p. 126. (NAL Call No.: DNALRM218.1(36 1987).,

NAL Call Number Total no. of Pages

Audiovisual: Place of Title Publication Publisher Date

All aboard the nutri-train. Author 1 '------'Mayo,Cynthia. Richmond, Va. : Richmond Public Schools, 1981./ NET funded. Activity Media Format packet prepared by Cynthia Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.) : sd., col. ; 3/4 in. + activity Length I packet. (NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCJX364.A425 F&N AV).,

NAL Call Number Description (sound, color, size) Poverty in Rural America

POVERTY IN RURAL AMERICA

SEARCH STRATEGY

Line Command

1. exs sausa/user 9018

2. ss (rural or nonmetro? or local or county or counties or town?)/ti, de, eng

3. ss (poor or poverty or homeless? or low()income? or public()welfare or public()assistance) /ti,de,eng

4. ss (s3 not rural()welfare not social()welfare)/ti, de

5. ss ((py = 1980:1983 or (py = 1984:1987))

6. ss py = 1988:1993

7. ss s4 and (s5 or s6) Poverty In Rural America

1 NAL Call No: 280.8 J822 200; Apr 1982. 3 p. ref. African Americans in rural society: needed direc- Language: English tions in public policy. Allen, J.E.; Christy, R.D. Descriptors: New Mexico Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association. 5 NAL Call No: HT401.S72 American journal of agricultural economics v. 74 Agriculture and rural development issues in the (3): p. 826-835; 1992 Aug. Paper presented at the South: historical perspective and overview. ASSA winter meeting, January 3-5, 1992, New Or- Hite, J.C. leans, Louisiana. Discussion by H. Williamson, Jr., Mississippi State, Miss. : The Center. p. 834-835. Includes references. SRDC series - Southern Rural Development Cen- ter (104): p. 1-11; 1987 Dec. Alsonumbered as Language: English SNREC Publication No. 25, Nov. 1987. Paper pre- Descriptors: U.SA.; Blacks; Rural areas; Labor sented at a proceedings of a regional workshop on market; Rural development; Human resources; So- Agriculture and Rural Development Issues in the cioeconomic status; Characteristics; Income; South, Knoxville, Tennessee, May 14-15, 1987. In- Poverty; Education cludes references. Language: English 2 NAL Call No: HT401.R94 Agricultural change, community change, and Descriptors: South central states of U.SA.; South rural poverty. eastern states of U.S.A.; Rural development;His- Fitchen, J.M. tory; Poverty; Industrialization; Agriculturaldevel- University Park, Pa. : Rural Sociological Society. opment The Rural sociologist v. 8 (2): p. 104-119; 1988 Apr. Includes references. 6 NAL Call No: S539.5.R42 Analysis of farm size on rural poverty (Louisiana, Language: English statistics). Descriptors: New York; Dairy farming; Farm in- Davis, L. debtedness; Rural areas; Agricultural structure; Baton Rouge : The University. Structural change; Rural communities; Poverty; Research bulletin - Southern University v. 2 (2): p. Social change 1-14. maps; Apr 1980. 10 ref. Language: English 3 NAL Call No: 280.29 AM3A Agricultural cooperatives for small-scale agricul- Descriptors: Louisiana tural and rural communities. Christy, R.D.; Gebremedhin, T.G. 7 NAL Call No: LC5146.R47 Washington, D.C.: American Instituteof An analysis of selected economic, social, and fiscal Cooperation. indicators for nonmetropolitan school classifica- American cooperation. p. 125-134. ill; 1989. In- tion schemes. cludes references. Reeder, R.J. Orono, Me. : College of Education, Universityof Language: English Maine. Descriptors: U.SA.; Small farms; Rural communi- Journal of research in rural education v. 8 (3): p. ties; Cooperatives; Low income groups; Agricul- 29-46, 69-73; 1992. In the special issue: Towardthe tural structure construction of a federal policy-impact code for a classifying the nation's rural school districts. 4 NAL Call No: HCIO.E85 Responses by P.M. Nachtigal, p. 69-70, and R.D. Agricultural productivity, partible inheritance, Bhaerman, p. 71-73. Includes references. and the demographic response to rural poverty: Language: English an examination of the SpanishSouthwest (New Mexico). Descriptors: U.S.A.; Public schools; Rural areas; Libecap, G.D.; Alter, G. Economic indicators; Social indicators; Fiscal New York, Academic Press. policy; Employment; Income; Poverty; Education Explorations in economic history v. 19 (2): p. 184-

BEST COPYAVAILABLE

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8 NAL Call No: HC110.P6A498 11 NAL Call No: 100 G29S0 Analysis of the 1980 census data pertaining to Ashe County, North Carolina (Low-income rural rural poverty conditions. counties, historical background, economic Housing Assistance Council profile). Washington, D.C. : The Council,. Rash, J.O. Jr; McCann, G.C.; Farr, M.G. 121 p.:ill.; 28 cm. (HAC report). "September Knoxville, Tenn., Tennessee Agricultural Experi- 1984. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80- ment Station. 88). Southern cooperative series bulletin (273): p. 12- 17; Jan 1982. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: United States; Economic conditions; United States; Census, 1980; Rural, poor; United Descriptors: North Carolina States; Poverty 12 NAL Call No: HD101.S6 9 NAL Call No: HT401.R94 Assessing the research framework and institu- Appalachia in the information age: a new chance tional context for rural development policy. for change? McGranahan, D.A. Carter, M.V.; Osbourne, G.L. Experiment, Ga. : The Association. University Park, Pa. : Rural Sociological Society. Southern journal of agricultural economics - The Rural sociologist v. 7 (1): p. 38-43; 1987 Jan. Southern Agricultural Economics Association v. 24 Includes references. (1): p. 105-119; 1992 Jul. Discussions by J.E. Allen, p. 111-116 and D.B. Schweikhardt, p.117-119. In- Language: English cludes references. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural areas; Diffusion of in- Language: English formation; Economic impact; Poverty; Technical progress; Innovations; Literature reviews Descriptors: Southern states of U.S.A.; Rural development; Development policy; Rural areas; In- 10 NAL Call No: KF27.5.H8 1988f come; Employment; Rural economy;Human Appalachia revisited the persistence of hunger resources; Poverty; Labor market; Ruralurban re- and poverty in West Virginia : hearing before the lations Select Committee on Hunger, House of Represen- tatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, 13 NAL Call No: 100 AR42 hearing held in Montgomery, WV, June 24, 1988. Barriers to quality housing in twenty-live low- United States. Congress. House. Select Committee income rural counties in Arkansas. on Hunger McCray, J.W. Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the AR Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. Fayetteville, Ark., The Station. G.P.O.,. Bulletin - Arkansas, Agricultural Experiment Sta- iii, 118 p. :ill., 1 map ; 24 cm. Distributed to some tion (845): 24 p.; June 1980. 13 ref. depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 100- Language: English 28. Item 1009-B-11, 1009-C-11 (microfiche). Descriptors: Arkansas Language: English Descriptors: West Virginia; Rural conditions; Food 14 NAL Call No: RA771.A1J68 relief; West Virginia; Rural poor; West Virginia Birthweight- specific mortality: Important inequalities remain. Abstract: This hearing, held in Montgomery, WV, Baker, S.L.; Kotelchuck, M. examines the impact of poverty and hunger on low- Burlington, Vt. : Journal of Rural Health. income West Virginia families. Testimony is The Journal of rural health v. 5 (2): p. 155-170; received from private citizens, program adminis- 1989 Apr. Includes references. trators, and emergency aid providers. The adequacy and utilization level of the AFDC, WIC,and Language: English food stamp programs is discussed. Descriptors: Massachusetts; South Carolina; Neonatal mortality; Low birth weight infants;

13 Poverty In Rural Anneilca

Rural areas; Rural urban relations; Blacks; 18 NAL Call No: liD7289.LI5C37 Poverty; Medical services A Catalogue of information sources on rural housing and poverty. 15 NAL Call No: 281.9 P942 Housing Assistance Council The black working poor in the rural South: an Washington, D.C. : The Council,. overview. 39 p.; 28 cm. (HAC report). August 1985. Allen, J.E.; Thompson, A. Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University. Language: English Proceedings of the...Annual Professional Agricul- Descriptors: United States; Economic conditions; tural Workers Conference (47th): p. 131 - 144;1989. Bibliography; Housing, Rural; United States; Bib- In the series analytic: Outreach to the Rural Dis- liography; Poverty; Bibliography; Rural poor; advantaged: issues and strategies for the 21st cen- Housing; United States; Bibliography tury / edited by N. Baharanyi, R. Zabawa, W. Hill. Meeting held December 3-5, 1989, Tuskegee, Al- 19 NAL Call No: 11N90.C65 abama. Includes references. Change and persistence in poverty rates. Language:English Bloomquist, L.E. Ames, Iowa : North Central Regional Center for Descriptors: Southern states of U.S.A.; Blacks; Rural Development. Poverty; Rural areas; Socioeconomic status; Fam- Community economic vitality : major trends and ily structure; Working population; Development selected issues / by Gene F. Summers with the col- policy; Rural development laboration of F. Horton...[et al.]. p. 61-68; 1988. Includes references. 16 NAL Call No: HN59.2.D35 Broken heartland the rise of America's rural ghet- Language: English to. Descriptors: U.SA.; Men; Women; Rural commu- Davidson, Osha Gray nities; Economic development; Poverty; New York : Free Press ; Toronto : Collier Mac- Regionalization; Industry; Labor; Employment; millan Canada ; New York : Maxwell Maxmil lan Demography; Characteristics; Change [i.e. Macmillan] International,. xiii, 206 p. ; 25 cm. Includes bibliographical refer- 20 NAL Call No: 82052 ences (p. 187-198) and index. Changes in farm poverty in Wisconsin., Rev. Language: English Saupe, William E.; Garland, William R.; Streeter, Deborah Descriptors: United States; Rural conditions; 1980. United States; Social conditions; 1980-; Rural 7 p. Document available from: Agricultural Bulle- poor; Farmers tin Bldg., 1535 Observatory Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. 17 NAL Call No: HD1755.P76 1988 California's rural poor: correlations with Language: English "rurality," economic structure, and social dimen- Descriptors: Resource management; Rural; Farm sions. economics; Family economics; Living levels; Farm Rochin, R.I.; Kawamura, Y.; Gwynn, D.B.; management; Real income; Living standards Dolber-Smith, E. Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University, [1989?]. Abstract: This publication deals with the incidence Rural development issues of the nineties : perspec- of poverty in Wisconsin's small-farm sector, with tives from the social sciences : the 46th annual Pro- the circumstances and characteristics of low in- fessional Agricultural Workers Conference come farm families, and with recent changes in the proceedings, December 4-6, 1988. Tuskegee Uni- situation. versity. p. 63-88; 1989. Includes references. 21 NAL, Call No: 11C110.P6G45 Language: English The changing characteristics of the nonmetro Descriptors: California; Poverty; Rural areas; Ur- poor. ban areas; Economic situation; Social indicators Getz, Virginia K.; Hoppe, Robert A. Iowa City, Iowa School of Social Work, University

14 Quick Bibliography Series of Iowa. palachian mothers. p. 29-44 :ill.; 28 cm. Reprinted from Social De- Southworth, L.E.; Peterson, G.W. velopment Issues, v. 7, no. 1, Spring 1983. Paper Knoxville, Tenn. : The Station. presented at the Seventh Annual National Insti- Tennessee farm and home science - Tennessee tute on Social Work in Rural Areas. Caption title. Agricultural Experiment Station (117): p. 14-16; 1981 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: Rural poor; United States Descriptors: Tennessee; Mothers; Children; Rural population; Urban population; Values; Low in- 22 NAL Call No: HT401.R47 come groups The changing context of rural economic policy in the United States. 26 NAL Call No: aHT392.A53 no.52 Brown, D.L.; Deavers, K.L. Characteristics of poverty in nonmetro counties. Greenwich, Conn. : JAI Press. Morrissey, Elizabeth S. Research in rural sociology and development v. 4: United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Re- p. 255-275. ill; 1989. In the series analytic: Rural search Service Labor Markets / guest editors; W.W. Falk and Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Eco- TA. Lyson. Includes references. nomic Research Service:[Supt. of Docs., U.S. Language: English G.P.O., distributor],. iv, 10 p.:ill., 1 map ; 28 cm. (Rural development Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural economy; Economic research report ; no. 52). Distributed to depository policy; Structural change; Industrialization; Farm libraries in microfiche. "July 1985", P. iii. Bibliog- indebtedness; Unemployment; Poverty; Population raphy: p. 10. dynamics; Migration; Trends; Federal government Language: English 23 NAL Call No: HT401.R94 Descriptors: Poverty; Research; United States; The changing face of poverty. Rural poor; United States Sofranko, A.J.; Fliegel, F.C. Ames, Iowa : Rural Sociological Society. 27 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 The Rural sociologist v. 5 (5): p. 331-336; 1985 Sep. Child poverty and the changing rural family. Includes references. Lichter, D.T.; Eggebeen, D.J. Language: English Bozeman, Mont. : Rural Sociological Society. Rural sociology v. 57 (2): p. 151-172; 1992. Includes Descriptors: Illinois; Rural population; Poverty; El- references. derly; Family structure Language: English 24 NAL Call No: HT390.G74 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Children; Poverty; Rural Changing regional inequalities in North Carolina, areas; Urban areas; Comparisons; Family struc- 1928-82. ture; Economic impact; Demography; Standardiza- Day, FA. tion; Employed women; Education; Family size Lexington, Ky. : College of Business and Econom- ics, University of Kentucky. Abstract: Our main objective is to give demo- Growth and change v. 18 (1): p. 13-31. maps; 1987. graphic perspective to changes since 1960 in the Includes references. comparative economic circumstances of nonmetropolitan and metropolitan children. Specifi- Language: English cally, we examine absolute and relative poverty Descriptors: North Carolina; Rural urban relations; rates using child records from the 1960, 1970, and Economic sociology; Social change; Trends; Low 1980 Public Use Microdata Samples and from the income groups; Regional surveys; Income distribu- 1990 March annual demographic file of the Cur- tion; Infant mortality; History rent Population Survey. Results reveal that more than one-in-five nonmetropolitan children today 25 NAL Call No: 100 T2SF are poor, an increasing proportion are deeply im- Characteristics of children valued by rural Ap- poverished, and a growing share are living in

4 15 Poverty In Rural America families with incomes lagging standards typical of ment Station. the average American family. Changes in family Southern cooperative series bulletin (273): p. 18- structure accounted for roughly 60 percent of the 23; Jan 1982. 3 ref. increase in nonmetropolitan child poverty during the 1980s. Positive economic effects associated Language: English with increasing female employment, rising educa- Descriptors: Alabama tion levels, and declining family size in nonmetropolitan areas were more than offset by the 31 NAL Call No: HN90.C6N4 deleterious effects of changing family structure. Communities left behind: again. And the persistently higher rates of non- Wilkinson, K.P. metropolitan than metropolitan child poverty can- Washington, D.C. : U.S. G.P.O. : for sale by the not be explained away by compositional Supt of Docs, Congressional Sales Off. differences in parental employment patterns, ed- New dimensions in rural policy : building upon our ucational levels, or family size. Our results suggest heritage : studies prepared for the use of the Sub- that recent changes in family formation and struc- committee on Agriculture and Transportation of ture cannot be disassociated from the changing the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the economic welfare of children, especially for those United States. p. 341-346; 1986. (S. prt. ; 99-153). living in nonmetropolitan America. Includes references.

28 NAL Call No: RA771.A1J68 Language: English Children and pregnant women. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural communities; Urban Lawhorne, L.; Zweig, S.; Tinker, H. rural migration; Poverty; Rural development; Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Associ- Rural urban relations ation. The Journal of rural health v. 6 (4): p. 365-377; 32 NAL Call No: 100 G29S0 1990 Oct. In series analytic: A Decade of Rural Community financial resources available for Health Research: Looking Back, Thinking Ahead housing in selected low-income counties of five / edited by R.T. Coward, J.W. Dwyer and M.K. Southern States (Loans, credit). Miller. Literature review. Includes references. McCray, J.W. Language: English s.l., (s.n.). Southern cooperative series bulletin (248): 22 p.; Descriptors: U.SA.; Rural women; Pregnancy; Oct 1980. 10 ref. Children; Health care; Health insurance; Mater- nity services; Demography; Rural areas; Poverty; Descriptors: USA Hospitals; Research; Literature reviews 33 NAL Call No: 916933(AGE) 29 NAL Call No: 1.90 C20U8 Comparison of measures of well-being in In- Children in nonmetro America: economic well- diana's metropolitan and nonmetropolitan being in a family context. counties. Rogers, C.C. Loose, E.E. Washington, D.C. : The Department. West Lafayette, Ind. : The Service. Outlook - Proceedings, Agricultural Outlook Con- CES paper - Purdue University, Cooperative Ex- ference, U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 370- tension Service. p. 4-5; 1985 Feb. 384; 1990 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: Indiana; Growth; Income; Poverty; Descriptors: U.SA.; Rural youth; Children; Income Education; Medical services; Health distribution; Poverty; Trends 34 NAL Call No: RA771A1J68 30 NAL Call No: 100 G29S0 Competition in health care and the rural poor: An Clarke County, Alabama (Low-income rural assessment from Arizona's competitive Medicaid counties, history, economic development). experiment. Vanlandingham, C. Kirkman-Liff, B.L. Knoxville, Tenn., Tennessee Agricultural Experi- Burlington, Vt. : Journal of Rural Health.

16 Quick Bibliography Series

The Journal of rural health v. 2 (1): p. 23-38; 1986 Developing partnerships between families and Jan. Includes references. service providers in rural Vermont. Horel, L. Language: English Washington, D.C. : Office of Human Development Services, Department of Health and Human Ser- Descriptors: Arizona; Health care; Rural popula- vices. tion; Poverty; Medicaid; Market competition; Children today v. 16 (1): p. 17-19. ill; 1987 Jan. Health care costs; Demography Language: English 35 NAL Call No: 100 G29S0 County comparisons (Low-income rural counties, Descriptors: Vermont; Low income groups; Rural Southeastern United States). communities; Family structure; Welfare services Cleland, C.L. Knoxville, Tenn., Tennessee Agricultural Experi- 38 NAL Call No: HD1755.P76 1988 ment Station. The dynamics of rural impoverization: community Southern cooperative series bulletin (273): p. 70- studies in upstate New York. 79. ill; Jan 1982. Fitchen, J.M. Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University, X19891. Language: English Rural development issues of the nineties : perspectives from the social sciences : the 46th annual Pro- Descriptors: South Eastern States (USA) fessional Agricultural Workers Conference proceedings, December 4-6, 1988. Tuskegee Uni- 36 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 Determinants of poverty among rural and urban versity. p. 43-49; 1989. Includes references. women who live alone. Language: English Slesinger, D.P.; Cautley, E. Bozeman, Mont. : Office of the Assistant Secretary Descriptors: New York; Poverty; Rural areas for Health. Rural sociology v. 53 (3): p. 307-320; 1988. Includes 39 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 references. Economic development and African Americans in the Mississippi Delta. Language: English Gray, PA. Bozeman. Mont. : Rural Sociological Society. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Poverty; Elderly; Women; Rural sociology v. 56 (2): p. 238-246; 1991. In the Rural urban relations; Multivariate analysis; Em- series analytic: Minorities in rural society / edited ployment; Education; Age differences; Marriage; by .1. Gilbert. Includes references. Workers; Income Abstract: We examine the poverty levels of two dis- Language: English tinct groups of women who live alone: those under Descriptors: Mississippi; Blacks; Economic devel- 65 years of age and those 65 and over. On the opment; Race relations; Poverty; Socialchange; In- average, 30 percent of the elderly womenwho live dustry; Rural areas; History alone and 21 percent of the younger women are in poverty. Multivariate analyses of poverty rates Abstract: This paper presents the results of an ex- based on data from the 1980 census indicate that ploratory study of African Americans and under- lack of participation in the labor force, lower levels development in the Mississippi Delta. The primary of education, and being under 20 or over 50 years focus is on race-specific factors and their associa- of age explain much of the variance for younger tions with social and economic development in the women. For elderly women, the most important Delta. Data were obtained from The Southern variables were whether they had only social secu- Growth Policy's Southern County-Level Data Files rity income, had less education, and were non- (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1985) and a con- white. In both age groups, women in small towns tent analysis of racial conflicts inMississippi be- or rural areas were more likely to be in poverty ginning with the 1950's through the 1980's. The than those in central cities or suburbs when all results of the analysis show that racial conflicts and other variables were controlled. high concentration of poor African Americans are associated with the lack of new technology indus- 37 NAL Call No: HV701.C51 tries in Mississippi's core Delta counties.

6 17

BEST COPY AVAILABLE Poverty In Rural America

Language: English 40 NAL Call No: HT421.S63 Economic status of elderly is a more severe prob- Descriptors: Southern states of U.S.A.; Education; lem in nonmetropolitan areas. Rural areas; Economic development; Poverty Meyers, S.S. St. Paul, Minn. : The Service. 44 NAL Call No: HD9007.K4K43 Sociology of rural life- MinnesotaUniversity, Education reform and income: some issues facing Agricultural Extension Service v. 9 (3): p. 1-2, 7; Kentucky. 1987. Goetz, S.J.; Debertin, D.L. Lexington, Ky. : The Service. Language: English Agribusiness news for Kentucky University of Descriptors: U.SA.; Rural areas; Elderly; Socioec- Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service (75): p. onomic status; Poverty; Income distribution; 4-10; 1991 Oct. Health care; Community involvement Language: English 41 NAL Call No: HD1401-168 Descriptors: Kentucky; Educational reform; In- Economic structure and rural development in come; Public expenditure; Rural urban relations; Georgia. Poverty; Legislation McNamara, K.T.; Green, G.P. Athens, Ga. : Agric. Econ. Assoc. of Ga. & the 45 NAL Call No: 1.90 C20U8 Div. of Agric. Econ., Univ. of Ga. The effect of economic stress on family structure. Journal of agribusiness v. 6 (1): p. 33-38; 1988 Feb. Swanson, L.L.; Dacquel, L.T. Includes references. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Outlook. p. 532-544; 1993 Mar. Paper presented at Language: English the conference "Agriculture's changing horizon," Descriptors: Georgia; Rural communities; Rural December 1-3, 1992, Washington, DC. Includes development; Economic development; Structural references. change; Population change; Poverty; Manufacture; Language: English Employment Descriptors: U.SA.; Family structure; Rural areas; 42 NAL Call No: HD1751.A1S73 Unemployment; Poverty Education: a solution for rural poverty? Clouser, R.L. 46 NAL Call No: HD1773.A5U8 Gainesville, Fla. : The Department. Emerging issues in the rural South for the twenty- Staff paper - University of Florida, Food and first century. Resource Economics Department, Institute of Arrington, R. Jr Food and Agricultural Sciences (350): 15 p.; 1989 Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University. Mar. Includes references. Ushering in the twenty first century : emphasis on the rural South / editor, Thomas T. Williams. p. Language: English 11-15; 1987. Papers presented at the 44th Profes- Descriptors: U.S.A.; Poverty; Rural areas; Quality sional Agricultural Workers Conference, Decem- of life; Educational policy; Labor market; Employ- ber 7-9, 1986, at Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, ment; Public services; Infrastructure Alabama. Language: English 43 NAL Call No: HD1755.P76 1988 Education and the socioeconomic decay of the Descriptors: South eastern states of U.SA.; South rural south. central states of U.S.A.; Rural areas; Poverty; Eco- Skees, J.R.; Swanson, L.E. nomic situation; Regional development; Rural de- Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University, 119891. velopment Rural development issues of the nineties : perspectives from the social sciences : the 46th annual Pro- 47 NAL Call No: aHT392.A53 no.67 fessional Agricultural Workers Conference Employment growth helps some but not nonmetro proceedings, December 4-6, 1988. Tuskegee Uni- all households a case study in 10 Georgia versity. p. 109-133; 1989. Includes references. Counties.

18 Quick Bibliography Series

Larson, Donald K. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic 51 NAL Call No: HQ1-144 Research Service Ethnic and resistance differences among poor Washington, D.C. :U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, families. Economic Research Service,. Kutner, N.G.; Kutner, M.H. vii, 20 p. :ill., map ; 28 cm. (Rural development Alberta : The Journal. research report ;no. 67). Cover title. July 1987. Journal of comparative family studies v. 18 (3): p. Bibliography: p. 15-17. 463-470; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: Labor supply; Georgia; Manpower Descriptors: U.S.A.; Poverty; Ethnicity; Urban policy, Rural; Georgia; Rural poor; Employment; areas; Rural areas; Family structure; Child rearing Georgia; Cost and standard of living; Georgia practices; Parent child relationships

48 NAL Call No: HN90.C6N4 52 NAL Call No: HN90.C6N6 Employment in rural America in the mid-1980's. Expenditure trends and measures of local fiscal Washington, D.C. : U.S. G.P.O. :for sale by the austerity. Supt of Docs, Congressional Sales Off. Stinson, T.F. New dimensions in rural policy : building upon our Ithaca, N.Y.: The Center, Cornell University. heritage : studies prepared for the use of the Sub- PublicationNortheast Regional Center for Rural committee on Agriculture and Transportation of Development 1351: p. 45-70; 1984 Apr. Paper pre- the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the sented at a Conference on "Local Government United States. p. 144-157; 1986. (S. prt.; 99-153). Finance Policy & Financial Management: Exten- Includes references. sion and Research Perspectives for the 1980's," Sept. 26-28, 1983, Walber's on the Delaware. Com- Language: English ments by D.E. Wilcox, p. 71-78. Includes refer- Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural population; Employ- ences. ment; Poverty; Rural urban relations; Population Language: English dynamics Descriptors: U.S.A.; Local government; Public ex- 49 NAL Call No: HN79.N4F58 penditure; Trends; Fiscal policy; Poverty; Public Endangered spaces, enduring places change, iden- services tity, and survival in rural America. Fitchen, Janet M. 53 NAL Call No: aHN90.C6R78 Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press,. Extent of malnourishment among the rural poor. xiv, 314 p.:ill.; 24 cm. Includes bibliographical Shotland, J. references and index. Washington, D.C. :U.S. Department of Agricul- ture, Economic Research Service. Language: English Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 5 (3): p. Descriptors: New York (State); Rural conditions; 15-19. ill; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Farm life; Rural poor; Community organization Language: English

50 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural population; Poverty; Estimating the effects of community resource de- Malnutrition; Nutritional disorders; Nutrition sur- velopment efforts on county quality of life (Rural veys; Food Consumption development programs and low-income rural areas, USDA, Arkansas). 54 Miller, M.K.; Voth, D.E.; Chapman, D.D. Family day care comes to Lewiston. College Station, TX : Rural Sociological Society. Jensen, Catherine Tim Rural sociology v. 49 (1): p. 37-66; Spring, 1984. FNS Includes references. Washington, USDA, Food and Nutrition Service. Food Nutr v. 10 (1): p. 18-23. ill; Feb 1980. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: Arkansas

8 Poverty In Rural America

Descriptors: Maine; Child care; Child Care Food (83): p. 1-21; 1993 Apr. In the series analytic: The Program; Nutrition education; Children; Rural family support act: will it work in rural areas? / areas; Low income groups; Child nutrition pro- edited by RA. Hoppe. Includes references. grams Language: English Abstract: Day care is becoming a necessity in rural areas. A family day care network, sponsored by the Descriptors: U.S.A.; Social legislation; Families; Lewiston-based Catholic Diocese of Maine, was Federal programs; Poverty; Socioeconomic status; organized in 1974. It provides care for 187 children, Rural areas 2/3 of whom qualify for USDA reduced price or free meals, in 37 homes. Visibility, licensing, and 58 NAL Call No: HT401.R94 distance were all major factors in setting up the Farm poverty in the sand-clay hills of Mississippi network. The Diocese, a Child Care Food Program and Tennessee. sponsor, reimburses the homes for each breakfast, Munoz, R.; Crecink, J. lunch, supper, or snack served. Homes must be University Park, Pa. : Rural Sociological Society. spons The Rural sociologist v. 6 (4): p. 265-271; 1986 Jul. Includes references. 55 NAL Call No: HQ763.F35 Language: English Family planning clinic services in U.S. counties, 1983. Descriptors: Mississippi; Tennessee; Rural areas; Torres, A.; Forrest, J.D. Poverty; Farm families; Blacks; Small farms; New York, N.Y.: Alan Guttmacher Institute. Counties; Farm surveys; Farm income; Non-farm Family planning perspectives v. 19 (31): p. 54-58; income; Household income 1987 Mar. Includes statistical data. Includes references. 59 NAL Call No: HN79.A13R87 Farm structure and local society well-being in the Language: English South. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Family planning; Health Skees, J.R.; Swanson, L.E. clinics; Poverty; Risks; Counties; Women; Public Boulder : Westview Press. services The Rural South in crisis : challenges for the future / edited by Lionel J. Beaulieu. p. 141-157; 1988. 56 NAL Call No: aHT392.A53 (Rural studies series). Includes references. The family support act of 1988: a historical per- Language: English spective. Skinner, M.; Greenstein, R.; Steinmetz, S. Descriptors: South eastern states of U.SA.; South Washington, D.C. : The Service. central states of U.SA.; Farm structure; Rural so- Rural development research report - United States ciety; Quality of life; Rural communities; Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Populism; Structural change; Unemployment; (83): p. 32-51; 1993 Apr. In the series analytic: The Household income; Poverty; Income distribution family support act: will it work in rural areas? / edited by RA. Hoppe. Includes references. 60 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 Farming patterns, rural restructuring, and Language: English poverty: a comparative regional analysis. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Families; Social legislation; Lobao, L.M.; Schulman, M.D. Federal programs; Poverty; Welfare services; His- Bozeman, Mont. : Rural Sociological Society. tory; Rural areas Rural sociology v. 56 (4): p. 565-602; 1991. Includes references. 57 NAL Call No: aHT392.A53 Language: English The Family Support Act, our beliefs, and rural America. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Farming; Patterns; Poverty; Hoppe, RA. Rural areas; Economic development; Structural Washington, D.C. : The Service. change; Agrarian reform; Politics; Regionalization; Rural development research report - United States Comparisons; Statistical data Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Abstract: This study examines the contentions of

BEST COPY AVAILABLE Quick Bibliography Series two recent perspectives on rural economic organ- ences (p. 37). ization and their implications for poverty. Building from (1) agrarian political economy and (2) the Language: English rural restructuring literatures, we present a com- Descriptors: Farm produce; North Carolina; Mar- parative regional analysis of how farming patterns keting; Research and other aspects of economic organization dif- ferentially affect poverty in rural areas. Data are 63 NAL Call No: S97.R47 v.72 no.8 based on 2,349 nonmetropolitan U.S. counties for The feasibility of establishing marketing coopera- the 1970-1980 period. Nonhired labor-dependent, tives among low income farmers in six North family-operated farming (smaller and larger fam- Carolina counties. Report number 3. Granville ily farming) has relatively similar cross-regional County,. effects on rural poverty. The effects of industria- Coley, Basil G.; Williams, David Richard lized farming are more spatially variant, suggest- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State ing that this type of farming is integrated into University regional political economies in different ways than Greensboro, N. C. : North Carolina Agricultural are simple commodity units. However, farming and Technical State University; 090 3:F28 vol. patterns have only a small effect on rural poverty 72/no. 8. relative to other factors, such as the local employ- v, 40 p.; 23 cm. (Research bulletin series ;v. 72, ment structure, characteristics of the population, no. 8). Bibliography :p. 40. and geographic location. The results of this study highlight the need to move beyond the farm sector Language: English to understand both the dynamics of this sector and the socioeconomic consequences of rural re- Descriptors: Farm produce; North Carolina; Mar- structuring. More broadly, the study underscores keting; Research; Statistics the importance of testing general sociological relationships under different spatial (e.g., regional) 64 NAL Call No: RA771.A1J68 contexts. Financing rural health and medical services. Straub, L.A. Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Associ- 61 NAL Call No: HD7289.U5F37 1987 Farmland preservation and affordable housing ation. meeting both needs., Draft. The Journal of rural health v. 6 (4): p. 467-484; Housing Assistance Council 1990 Oct. In series analytic: A Decade of Rural Washington, D.C. : The Council,. Health Research: Looking Back, Thinking Ahead ix, 53 leaves; 28 cm. Proceedings of a seminar, / edited by R.T. Coward, J.W. Dwyer and M.K. February 26, 1987. March 1987. Miller. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Language: English Des riptors: Housing, Rural; United States; Con- Descriptors: U.S.A.; Health care; Health services; gresses; Rural poor; Housing; United States; Con- Rural areas; Health care costs; Finance; Hospitals; gresses; Land use, Rural; United States; Community health services; Health centers; Low Congresses; Agricultural conservation; United income groups; Elderly; Social benefits; Literature States; Congresses reviews; Research 65 NAL Call No: TX341.N88 62 NAL Call No: S97.R47 v.70,no.5 The feasibility of establishing marketing coopera- Folacin and iron status of adolescents from low- tives among low income farmers in six North income rural households. Carolina counties Report no. 1. Franklin County. Bailey, L.B.; Wagner, P.A.; Christakis, G.J.; Davis, Coley, Basil G; Tenny, Pieter Van Leeuwen C.G. North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State New York, Pergamon, 1981-. University Nutrition research v. 2 (4): 397-407. ill., charts; Greensboro, N. C. : The North Carolina Agricul- July/Aug 1982. Supported in part by the Science tural and Technical State University,. and Education Administration, of the U.S. Dept. iii, 37 p. ; 23 cm. (Research bulletin series ; v. 70, of Agriculture under Grant No. 5901-0410-0122-0 no. 5). Spring 1981. Includes bibligraphical refer- from the Competitive Research Grants Office. In- cludes 26 references.

10 21 Poverty In Rural America

Food Nutr v. 10 (1); p. 2-5; Feb 1980. Language: English Descriptors: Household surveys; Rural areas; Language: English Folate; Iron nutriture; Adolescents (12-19 years); Descriptors: Alaska; Wyoming; Food stamp pro-. Nutritional status; Socioeconomic influences; Ra- grams; Elderly (65 + years); Rural areas; Ameri- cial differences can Indians; Navahos; Low income groups; Participation Abstract: Folacin (F) and iron inadequacies were identified in a significant number of a group of 79 Abstract: Eliminating the purchase requirement for black and white adolescents (ages 11-18) from low food stamps and issuing them by mail increased income households. Red blood cell concentrations participation in the program by the rural poor. Par- of F were below 140 mg/ml in almost half the sub- ticipation in the smallest, most rural areas in- jects (45%), while 56% of the F levels in serum creased 42 percent versus 8 percent in the largest, were below 6 mg/ml. Further, low levels (below most urban areas. The Southwest increased partic- 16%) of transferrin saturation (TS) were found in ipation by 31 percent and the Southeast and Moun- 25% of the 96 female subjects and 12% of the tain Plains by 32 percent; these regions consist of males. TS increased with age of the male subjects, predominantly rural states. The most rural states but decreased with the age of the females. Anemia within regions showed the largest increases, e.g., (exhibited by hemoglobin (Hb) levels below 12 Ala g /dl) was found in 13% of the black, but only 2% of the white subjects. Average red blood cell levels 68 NAL Call No: HC107.A13A6 of Hb and lower red cell volumes also were found Ford Foundation trustees visit Appalachian Ken- in blacks. (wz) tucky. Duncan, C.M. 66 NAL Call No: KF27.5.H8 1991b Washington, D.C. : Applachian Regional Commis- Food assistance In rural communities problems, sion. prospects, and ideas from urban programs : Appalachia v. 21 (1): p. 43-44. maps; 1988. hearing before the Select Committee on Hunger, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Language: English Congress, first session, hearing held in Fort Descriptors: Kentucky; Rural areas; Poverty; Eco- Wayne, IN, April 5, 1991. nomic development; Development projects United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Hunger 69 NAL Call No: HN49.C6S5 Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Free the children breaking the cycle of poverty : U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales summary of the 1987 final report. Office; Y 4.H 89:102-1. Shelby County Culture of Poverty Think Tank iii, 114 p.:ill.;23 cm. Distributed to some Memphis, Tenn. : The Think Tank,. depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 102-1. 63 p. :ill.; 28 cm. October, 1987. A program de- Includes bibliographical references. signed to break the cycle of poverty in Memphis Language: English and Shelby County,Tennessee.. Descriptors: Food relief; Public welfare Language: English Abstract: The hearing examines the problems of Descnptors: Poor; Poverty; Human services hunger in the United States by hearing testimony Abstract: This document outlines a program de- from individuals and groups that work with the signed to break the cycle of poverty in Memphis hungry, in particular, those around Fort Wayne, In- and Shelby County tennessee. The program diana. focuses on children and youth with plans to attack the root causes of poverty. The comprehensive 67 program relies heavily on the support of parents. Food stamp changes help the rural poor. Goals, program start-up, implementation Jensen, Catherine Tim proposals, first year demonstration program and FNS evaluation are included. Washington, USDA, Food and Nutrition Service.

22 Quick Bibliography Series

74 NAL Call No: HV4S0S.H6S 70 NAL Call No: HD1751.C4S rural perspective. Funding new ideas for old objectives: the current The Homeless crisis from a Housing Assistance Council case for rural development programs. Washington, D.C. : Housing AssistanceCouncil,. Swanson, L.E.; Skees, J.R. report). September 30, Merrifield, Va. : American Agricultural Economic 14, 28 p. ; 28 cm. (HAC Association. 1987. Choices : the magazine of food, farm and resource Language:English issues v. 2 (4): p. 8-11; 1987. Descriptors:Shelters for the homeless; United Language:English States; Housing, Rural; United States Descriptors:U.SA.; Rural development; Economic 75 NAL Call No: 11V8S.H8S development; Fiscal policy; Educationalreform; first report. Poverty; Agricultural policy; Farm indebtedness; Homeless rural children: Alabama'a Drolen, C.S.; Chandler, B.; Roff,L.L. Development plans Cheney, WA : Eastern WashingtonUniversity. environment v. 15 (1): NAL Call No: HC107.A13A6 Human services in the rural 71 Includes references. Going back to the ABC's. p. 10-15; 1991. Wechsler, J. Language:English Washington, D.C.: Applachian Regional Commis- youth; sion. Descriptors:Alabama; Children; Rural Appalachia v. 21 (1): p. 34-37, 39-42. ill; 1988. Methodology; Regional surveys;Housing; Public services; Public agencies Language:English North Carolina; Rural society; Adult 76 NAL Call No: HM1.A3J6S Descriptors: problem. learning; Literacy; Low income groups Homelessness: the extent of the Breakey, W.R.; Fischer, P.J. New York, N.Y.: Plenum PublishingCorporation. 72 NAL Call No: 100 G29S0 (4): p. 31-47; Hancock County, Tennessee (Low-incomerural The Journal of social issues v. 46 counties, history, economic development). 1990. Includes references. Cleland, C.L. Language:English Knoxville, Tenn., Tennessee AgriculturalExperi- disad- ment Station. Descriptors:U.SA.; Housing; Economically Southern cooperative series bulletin (273): p.32- vantaged; Poverty; Research;Social policy; 39; Jan 1982. 4 ref. Families; Children; Youth; Mentalretardation; Substance abuse; Acquiredimmune deficiency Language:English syndrome; Employment; Rural areas;Crime; Res- Descriptors:Tennessee idential institutions NAL Call No: HV4505.H68 73 NAL Call No: HV696.F6M67 77 In rural Higher prices, fewer choices shoppingfor food in Housing programs for the homeless areas. rural America. States, Dept. Morris, Patricia McGrath; Bellinger, Mark Housing Assistance Council, United of Housing and Urban Development Public Voice for Food and Health Policy N.W., Washington, D.C. : Public Voice for Foodand Washington, D.C. (1025 Vermont Ave., Suite 606, Washington, D.C. 20005) :The Council,. Health Policy,. ; 28 cm. (HACreport). Sep- viii, 63 p. :ill., map ; 28 cm. May 1990. 30, 1301 leaves :ill. tember, 1988. "Contract. Language:English Language:English Descriptors:United States; Rural conditions; Food prices; United States; Food relief; Government Descriptors:Homeless persons; Housing; United States; Rural poor; Housing;United States; Poor; policy; United States; Food stamp program; homeless; United States; Food supply; United States;Rural Housing; United States; Shelters for the poor; Nutrition; UnitedStates United States

12 Poverty ht Rural America

78 NAL Call No: HD1773.A3N6 Housing tenure choice: a re-examination of the Language: English Rural Income Maintenance Experiment. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural communities; Labor Weagley, R.O. market; Human resources; Economic develop- West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University. ment; Poverty; Literacy; Capacity; Educational North Central journal of agricultural economics v. policy; Social policy; Development policy 9 (2): p. 217-227; 1987 Jul. Includes references. Language: English 82 NAL Call No: 275.29 F22 Human resources/rural poverty. Descriptors: North Carolina; Iowa; Rural housing; Pulver, G.C.; Mason-Jenkins, G. Tenure systems; Household income; Income tax; Oak Brook, Ill.: Farm Foundation. Rural population; Balance sheets; Poverty; Increasing understanding of public problems and Homeowners; Assets; Debt; Econometric models policies. p. 43-47; 1988. Includes references.

79 NAL Call No: HD7211.5J68 Language: English Housing the rural poor: Why we need the Farmers Descriptors: U.S.A.; Human resources; Resource Home Administration. development; Rural population; Poverty; Rural ur- Wilson, H.O. ban relations; Education; Health; Leadership; Washington, D.C. :National Association of Community development; Rural development Housing and Redevelopment Officials. Journal of housing v. 43 (4): p. 159-163. ill; 1986 83 NAL Call No: HV8S.H8S Jul. Hunger, poverty, and malnutrition in rural Mis- Language: English sissippi: developing culturally sensitive nutritional interventions. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural housing; Poverty; Com- Storer, J.H.; Frate, D.A. munity development; Federal programs; Fiscal Knoxville, Tenn. : School of Social Work, Univer- policy sity of Tennessee. Human services in the rural environment v. 14 (1): 80 NAL Call No: aHT392.A33 p. 25-30; 1990. Includes references. Human resource policies and economic development. Language: English Ross, Pi.; Rosenfeld, SA. Descriptors: Mississippi; Blacks; Rural population; Washington, D.C. : The Service. Hunger; Poverty; Nutritional state; Nutritional as- Rural development research report - United States sessment; Low income groups; Diets; Health ser- Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service vices; Cultural behavior (69): p. 333-357; 1988 Sep. Literature review. In- cludes references. 84 NAL Call No: E1F27.S.H8 1992b Language: English Hunger-free communities a local response to a national problem : hearing before the Select Com- Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural communities; Labor mittee on Hunger, House of Representatives, One market; Human resources; Economic develop- Hundred Second Congress, second session, ment; Poverty; Literacy; Capacity; Educational hearing held in Washington, DC, April 2, 1992. policy; Social policy; Development policy (Hunger free communities.) United States. Congress. House. Select Committee 81 NAL. Call No: HN90.C6R78 on Hunger Human resource policies and economic develop- Washington : U.S. G.P.O.: [U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of ment. Docs., Congressional Sales Office, distributor]; Y Ross, P.J.; Rosenfeld, S.A. 4.H 89:102-24. Washington, D.C. : Agriculture and Rural Eco- iii, 71 p.; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository nomy Division, ERS, USDA. libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 92-0473-P. Rural economic development in the 1980's : pre- Serial no. 102-24. paring for the future. p. 15/1-15/25; 1987. (ERS staff report ; no. AGES 870724). Includes refer- Language: English ences. Descriptors: Poor; Food relief; Nutrition policy;

13 Quick Bibliography Series

Economic assistance, Domestic Abstract: By examining the 1979 income status of 1975-1980 inmigrants, outmigrants, and non- 8.5 NAL. Call No: TX361.WS5149 F&N E-4327 migrants, we gauged the income effects of migra- The impact of a point-of-purchase nutrition edu- tion for a group of chronic low-income counties in cation project of nutrition awareness and knowl- the nonmetropolitan South. The effects are dem- edge of low income consumers : WIC onstrated to be positive for the migrants them- demonstration project : final report. selves and negative for the low-income counties. In Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, both instances, however, the effects are unexpec- Infants and Children (U.S.),Alleghany County tedly small. By considering both in- and out- (Pa.), Health Dept. migrants, we show that these counties experienced Pittsburgh, Pa. The Dept. a remarkable degree of income replacement and 4, 9, (23) leaves ; 29 cm. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, also present evidence that the results are not Food and Nutrition Service, Special Supplemental primarily due to the particular migration period Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children, under study. The findings give additional evidence grant no. 59-3198-0-92. of the substantial inefficiency at work in American migration patterns. Language: English Descriptors: Reference materials; WIC program; 87 NAL Call No: 1-1V91.R77 Nutrition education; Nutrition programs; Food Impacts of farm financial crisis of the 1980s on purchasing; Consumer education; Grocers; Basic resources and poverty in agriculturally dependent nutrition facts; Socioeconomic influences counties in the United States. Murdock, S.H.; Leistritz, F.L.; Hamm, R.R.; Abstract: A project, carried out to develop an in- Albrecht, D.E.; Potter, L.; Backman, K. store nutrition education campaign in 5 food ven- New York : Greenwood Press. dor sites to educate limited-income food shoppers Rural poverty : special causes and policy reforms and to assess the effectiveness of such a campaign, / edited by Harrell R. Rodgers, Jr., and Gregory is reported. The nutrition education learning Weiher ; prepared under the auspices of the Policy modules included: what are food groups?; milk Studies Organization. p. 67-91; 1988. (Studies in group; protein group; fruit and vegetable group; social welfare policies and programs, 8755-5360 ; bread and cereal group, and other foods. After no. 12). Literature review. Includes references. completion of the project, the experimental group (400 participants) had a nutrition awareness level Language: English 74% or more above the control group (400 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural economy; Farm indeb- matched participants) except for the last (other tedness; Economic resources; Poverty foods) module. The pretest scores of the 2 groups were similar. The experimental group had a slightly 88 NAL, Call No: 280.8 J822 greater degree of continued learning for 7 of 8 The impacts of structural change and public nutrition knowledge questions. The study indicated policy on the rural disadvantaged. that point-of-purchase nutrition education in- Christy, R.D.; Figueroa, E.E. creased shoppers' nutrition awareness while only Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics marginally influencing nutrition knowledge. (wz) Association. American journal of agricultural economics v. 72 86 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 (5): p. 1169-1178; 1990 Dec. Paper presented at The impact of migration on southern rural areas the annual meeting of the American Agricultural of chronic depression. Economics Association held August 5-8, 1990, Voss, P.R.; Fuguitt, G.V. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Discussions Bozeman, Mont. : Rural Sociological Society. by R.I. Rochin p. 1179-1181 and C. Parliament, p. Rural sociology v. 56 (4): p. 660-679; 1991. Includes 1182-1183. Includes references. references. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Blacks; Hispanics; Economi- Descriptors: Southern states of U.SA.; Migration; cally disadvantaged; Rural areas; Human re- Income; Rural communities; Less favored areas; sources; Agricultural adjustment; Structural Economic impact; Age; Races; Sex; Poverty change; Legislation; Economic impact; Poverty

BlEST COPYAVAILABLE Poverty In Rural America

Journal of rural studies v. 3 (3): p. 231-245; 1987. 89 NAL Call No: aHN90.C6R78 Includes references. Improvements in well-being in Virginia's coal- fields hampered by low and unstable income. Language: English Johnson, T.G.; Kraybill, D.S.; Deaton, B.J. Descriptors: South eastern states of U.S.A.; South Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agricul- central states of U.S.A.; Rural areas; Income dis- ture, Economic Research Service. tribution; Household income; Poverty; Labor mar- Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 6 (1): p. ket 37-41. ill., maps; 1989. 93 NAL Call No: aHN90.C6R78 Language: English Income transfers, taxes, and the poor. Descriptors: Virginia; Rural communities; Coal; Bentley, S. Socioeconomic status; Counties; Rural economy; Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agricul- Quality of life; Social indicators; Income distribu- ture, Economic Research Service. tion; Low income groups Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 3 (2): p. 30-33. ill; 1987 Feb. Includes references. 90 NAL Cull No: HV1.H8 Improving family planning services to rural ado- Language: English lescents. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural areas; Government; Mindick, B.; Shapiro, C.H. Legislation; Economic impact; Income transfers; Ithaca, N.Y.: New York State College of Human Income tax; Poverty; Living standards; Welfare Ecology, Cornell University. economics; Household income Human ecology forum v. 18 (1): p. 16-18. ill; 1989. Includes references. 94 NAL Call No: HB3525.W2C45 Increasing poverty for Washington citizens, espe- Language: English cially children. Descriptors: New York; Adolescents; Family plan- Cook, A.K. (ed.) ning; Rural environment; Public services; Rural Pullman, WA : The Service. women; Low income groups Washington counts - Cooperative Extension Ser- vice v.): 12 p.; 1992 Sep08. 91 NAL Call No: HD7289.U5U55 Income analysis of Farmers Home Administration Language: English subsidized rural homebuyers, 1983. Descriptors: Washington; Poverty; Geographical United States, General Accounting Office, Re- distribution; Children; Rural sociology sources, Community, and Economic Development Division. 95 NAL Call No: KF26.B3953 1983 Washington, D.C. U.S. General Accounting Office, Indian housing : hearing before the Subcommittee Resources, Community, and Economic Develop- on Rural Housing and Development of the Com- ment Division. mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, 7 leaves ; 28 cm. Cover title. "March 26, 1984. United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, GAO/RCED-84-145. B-214747. first session, on HUD subsidized housing proposals providing funds to tribes to assist their Language: English very low-income members, March 23, 1983. Descriptors: Housing, Rural; United States; United States Congress Senate Committee on Finance; Housing, Rural; United States; Law and Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Subcommit- legislation; Income; United States; Poor; United tee on Rural Housing and Development. States Washington, (D.C.) U.S. G.P.O. iv, 206 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (S. hrg. ; 98-169). Item 1035 - 92 NAL Call No: HT401J68 C, 1035-D (microfiche). Income distribution, labour market sectors and the Goldschmidt hypothesis: the nonmetropolitan Language: English United States in 1970 and 1980. Descriptors: Indians of North America; Housing; Hoggart, K. Housing subsidies; United States Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Journals.

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96 NAL Call No: a H D1476.U5S2 adults. These nontraditional students of low soci- Information needs relating to small-farm pro- oeconomic background and poor work history grams and policies. were successfully mainstreamed intouniversity Saupe, William E. courses and consequently obtainedproductive em- ESCS-EDD ployment. A follow-up study was conducted of 64 Washington Economics, Statistics, and Coopera- individuals who completed three different, one- tives Service. year JTPA programs. The studyinvestigated the ii, 38 p. Report prepared for the Economics, Sta- following questions: Was the trainee currently tistics, and Cooperatives Service under contract no. employed? If so, was employment related to the 53-319S-9-02658. ESCS Staff Report. Issued July training program, and were the quarterly salaries 1980. Bibliography: p. 31-38. For limited distribu- higher than minimum wage and previous salaries? tion. How many different jobs were reported since training? Did the individual retain employment in a Language: English rural setting? The JTPA programs at Southern Il- linois University included some innovative yet Descriptors: Farms, Small; United States; Rural practical components that resulted in very high poor program completion rates, highinitial placement, and a continuing pattern of long-term employment. 97 NAL Call No: HT401.R94 These components included: emphasis on training The invisible homeless: non-urban homeless in for the most needed positions/jobs that matched appalachian east Tennessee. university capabilities; the pursuit of higher starting Hoover, GA.; Carter, M.V. salaries; informing participants of support services; Columbia, Mo. : Rural Sociological Society. training in job hunting and work readiness; using The Rural sociologist v. 11 (4): p. 3-12; 1991. In- some individualized, competency-basedinstruc- cludes references. tion; establishing internship arrangementswith Language: English prospective employers; and careful matching of the trainee to initial placement site with consideration Descriptors: Tennessee; Families; Poverty; Rural of personality as well as skills. areas; Household surveys 99 NAL Call No: 100 G29S0 98 NAL Call No: RA771.A1J68 Kershaw County, South Carolina (Low-income Job retention of medical clerical job training part- rural counties, history, developmeat). nership act trainees in rural health care settings. Lilley, S.C.; McLean, E.L. Troutt-Ervin, E.D.; Morgan, F.L. Knoxville, Tenn., Tennessee Agricultural Experi- Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Associ- ment Station. ation. Southern cooperative series bulletin (273): p. 47- The Journal of rural health v. 8 (1): p. 74-78; 1992. 54; Jan 1982. 10 ref. Includes references. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: South Carolina Descriptors: Illinois; Employment opportunities; Training; Medical services; Rural areas; Educa- 100 NAL Call No: HV91.R77 tional programs; Rural unemployment; Low in- Labor force participation and poverty status come groups; Program development;Support among rural and urban womenwho head families. systems; Social legislation Cautley, E.; Slesinger, D.P. Abstract: According to the Bureau of Labor Statis- New York : Greenwood Press. tics (cf. Crispell, 1990), the medical clerical field is Rural poverty : special causes and policy reforms of employment. / edited by Harrell R. Rodgers, Jr., and Gregory one of the faster growing areas Weiher ; prepared under the auspices of thePolicy This paper reports on long-term employment of Studies Organization. p. 41-65; 1988. (Studiesin trainees involved in nontraditional medical clerical social welfare policies and programs, 8755-5360 ; programs. These programs werefunded by the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) and filled both no. 12). Includes references. the needs of the local rural health care facilities Language: English and the employment needs of unskilled youths and

27 Poverty In Rural America

Descriptors: U.SA.; Rural women; Urban popula- 61; Jan 1982. 8 ref. tion; Employed women; Heads of families; Labor market; Participation; Poverty Language: English Descriptors: Arkansas 101 NAL Call No: HD4904.S53 1989 Laboring for less working but poor in rural 105 NAL Call No: 100 G29S0 America. (Working but poor in rural America.) Liberty County, Georgia (Low-income rural Shapiro, Isaac, counties, history, development). Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (Washing- Miller, H.M. ton, D.C.) Knoxville, Tenn., Tennessee Agricultural Experi- Washington, D.C. : Center on Budget and Policy ment Station. Priorities,. Southern cooperative series bulletin (273): p. 62- xix, 55 p. :ill.; 28 cm. "October 1989", T.p. verso. 69; Jan 1982. 6 ref. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Language: English 106 NAL Call No: 30.98 AG8 Descriptors: United States; Rural conditions; Rural The limits of subsistence: agriculture and indus- poor; Working class; Wages try in central Appalachia. NAL Call No: HT401.A36 Pudup, M.B. 102 Berkeley, Calif. : University of California Press. Land loss as a cause of unrest among the rural Agricultural history v. 64 (1): p. 61-89. maps; 1990. Spanish-American village population of northern Literature review. Includes references. New Mexico. Knowlton, C.S. Language: English Gainesville, Fla.:Humanities and Agriculture, Univ. of Florida. Descriptors: Kentucky; Virginia; West Virginia; Agriculture and human values v. 2 (3): p. 25-39; Subsistence farming; Rural economy; Rural indus- 1985. Includes references. try; Rural society; Coal; Economic development; History; Industrialization; Mountain areas; Poverty Language: English 107 NAL Call No: HQ796.J69 Descriptors: New Mexico; Hispanics; Landlessness; Linking economic hardship to adolescent aggres- Social change; Land transfers; Common lands; sion. Ethics; History; Poverty Skinner, M.L.; Elder, G.H. Jr; Conger, R.D. New York, N.Y.: Plenum Publishing Corporation. 103 NAL Call No: HC59.7.A1J6 Landownership, development, and poverty in Journal of youth and adolescence v. 21 (3): p. 259- 276; 1992 Jun. Includes references. southern Appalachia. Goodstein, E. Language: English Macomb : Western Illinois University. The Journal of developing areas v. 23 (4): p. 519- Descriptors: Iowa; Adolescents; Aggression; Ag- 533. ill; 1989 Jul. Includes references. gressive behavior; Rural youth; Low income groups; Economic impact; Losses; Parents; Rural Language: English unemployment; Fathers; Mothers; Marital interaction; Family problems; Stress; Parent child rela- Descriptors: South eastern states of U.SA.; Land ownership; Poverty; Rural development; Social de- tionships velopment; Economic development; Counties 108 NAL Call No: TX341.C6 Local steps make "Hunger free" a viable goal. NAL Call No: 100 G29S0 104 Washington, D.C.: Community Nutrition Institute. Lawrence County, Arkansas (Low-income rural Nutrition week v. 23 (17): p. 6; 1993 May07. counties, history, economic outlook). Gullett, B.; Voth, D. Language: English Knoxville, Tenn., Tennessee Agricultural Experi- ment Station. Descriptors: Ohio; Hunger; Poverty; Community Southern cooperative series bulletin (273): p. 55- action

28 BEST COPY AVAILALE Quick Bibliography Series

Gilbert, J. (ed.) 109 NAL Call No: 275.28 J82 Bozeman, Mont. : Rural Sociological Society. The low-income single parent (Primarily rural Rural sociology v. 56 (2): 337 p.; 1991. families, Whitman County, Washington). Gladow, N.W.; Ray, M.P. Language: English Madison :(s.n.). Descriptors: U.S.A.; Blacks; Hispanics; Poverty; Journal of extension v. 22: p. 16-21; Sept/Oct 1984. Minorities; Rural areas; Cultural activities; Land Includes 5 referenceS. Language: English 114 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 Minority poverty in nonmetropolitan Texas. Descriptors: Washington Saenz, R.; Thomas, J.K. Bozeman, Mont. : Rural Sociological Society. 110 NAL Call No: HD1792.U46 Rural sociology v. 56 (2): p. 204-223; 1991. In the The macrocontext of rural development: a second series analytic: Minorities in rural society / edited view of the U.S. experience. by J. Gilbert. Literature review. Includes refer- De' Janvry, A.; Vandeman, A. ences. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press. Language: English U.S.-Mexico relations : agriculture and rural development / edited by Bruce F. Johnston...[et al.J. Descriptors: Texas; Blacks; Hispanics; Minorities; p. 83-109; 1987. Includes references. Poverty; Regional surveys; Rural areas; Rural ur- Language: English ban relations; Comparisons; Households; Models; Regression analysis; Literature reviews Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural development; Land policy; Development policy; Agricultural develop- Abstract: Despite a high prevalence of poverty ment; Poverty among minorities in nonmetropolitan areas, research and policy concerns regarding poverty have 111 NAL Call No: aHN90.C6R78 continued focusing on metropolitan minorities. Metro-nonmetro differences in long-term poverty This study uses a model integrating individual, among blacks. household, and structural factors to examine Adams, T.K.; Duncan, G.J. poverty among Latinos, blacks, and Anglos in non- Washington, D.C. :U.S. Department of Agricul- metropolitan and, for comparative purposes, ture, Economic Research Service. metropolitan areas, using data from the 1985 Spe- Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 7 (2): p. cial Texas Census TDHS 1987. The findings show 2-6; 1991 Feb. that minorities in nonmetropolitan areas tend to have the highest poverty rates. In addition, consis- Language: English tant as well as divergent patterns exist among the six ethnic-resident groups with respect to the rela- Descriptors: U.S.A.; Blacks; Poverty; Rural urban tionships among the various individual household, relations; Employment; Social services and structural factors and poverty. 112 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 115 NAL Call No: 389.8 AM34 Minorities in rural society. A multi-intervention weight management program Summers, G.F. for low-income rural women. Bozeman, Mont. : Rural Sociological Society. Daniel, E.L. Rural sociology v. 56 (2): p. 177-188; 1991. In the Chicago, Ill.: The Association. series analytic: Minorities in rural society / edited Journal of the American Dietetic Association v. 89 by J. Gilbert. Literature review. Includes refer- (9): p. 1310-1311. charts; 1989 Sep. Includes 13 ref- ences. erences. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Minorities; Poverty; Rural Descriptors: Obesity; Weight control; Nutrition areas; Social barriers; Beliefs; Literature reviews programs; Nutrition education; Low income groups; Rural areas; Women 113 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 Minorities in rural society. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop

18 29 Poverty In Rural America and implement a pilot weight management pro- Housing; Population distribution; Poverty; gram involving low-income rural women enrolled Redistribution; Rural population in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and/or food 119 NAL Call No: aHN90.C6R78 stamp programs in rural western New York State. Nonmetro/metro children: similar families, dif- The program, similar to commercial, group- ferent economic conditions. support weight control interventions, was designed Rogers, C.C. to accommodate the needs of a low-income pop- Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agricul- ulation. Five biweekly sessions held in rural WIC ture, Economic Research Service. offices emphasized the importance of proper Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 7 (1): p. nutrition, behavior modification, aerobic exercise, 40-41; 1990-1991. and stress management. Language: English 116 NAL Call No: aHT392.A53 no.48 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Children; Family structure; Natural resource dependence, rural development, Poverty; Rural urban relations; Socioeconomic and rural poverty. status Deavers, Kenneth L.; Brown, David L. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Re- 120 NAL Call No: 28L28 11188 search Service Nonmetropolitan minority families in the United Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Eco- States: trends in racial and ethnic economic nomic Research Service : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. stratification, 1959-1986. G.P.O., distributorl,. Jensen, L.; Tienda, M. v, 16 p.:ill., maps ; 28 cm. (Rural development Bozeman, Mont. : Rural Sociological Society. research report ; no. 48). Distributed to depository Rural sociology v. 54 (4): p. 509-532; 1989. Includes libraries in microfiche. "July 1985", P. iii. Bibliog- references. raphy: p. 15-16. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural population; Poverty; Descriptors: Farms; United States; Rural develop- Trends; Household income; Socioeconomic status; ment; United States; Rural poor; United States; Blacks; Mexican-Americans; American indians; Natural resources; United States Families; Censuses; Labor market; Employment

117 NAL Call No: HT401.S72 Abstract: This paper traces the economic status of Nature, types and scale of rural development. nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) black, Mexican and Hill, F. American Indian families during the period 1959 Mississippi State, Miss. : The Center. to 1986. Analysis of 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1987 U.S. SRDC series - Southern Rural Development Cen- Census Bureau data revealed substantial improve. ter (76): p. 17-37; 1985 Feb. Includes references. ment in the economic status of rural minority families between 1959 and 1979, in relative terms, Language: English considerably more than that enjoyed by their urban Descriptors: U.SA.; Rural development; Poverty; counterparts or rural whites. However, nonmetro Rural communities; Economic growth; Vocational black and Mexican family incomes deteriorated substantially in the ensuing seven years. The shift training; Employment opportunities in residence toward urban areas contributed to the 1959-1979 decline in minority poverty, although 118 NAL Call No: 500 AS73 A new type of black ghetto in the plantation south. American Indians benefited considerably more Aiken, C.S. than blacks or Mexicans from this mechanism. Washington, D.C. : The Association. Furthermore, labor market commitment has a Annals of the Association of American Geog- greater ameliorative effect on family poverty for all raphers v. 80 (2): p. 223-246; 1990 Jun. Includes groups than does public assistance. That poverty among nonmetro minorities improved in response references. to increasing labor supply is a policy-relevant find- Language: English ing discussed in the conclusions. Descriptors: Mississippi; Blacks; Civil rights;

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development 121 NAL Call No: TX341.E3 planning; Government; Economic Nutritional and health status and pesticide ex- Tulare County 123 NAL Call No: RJ102.1113 posure of farmworkers' children in health in rural America (California) 1969. Off to a poor start infant Brun, TA.; Geissler, CA.; Calloway, D.H.; Mar- : a report. gen, S. Shotland, Jeffrey; Loonin, Deanne Reading : Gordon & Breach Science Publishers. Public Voice for Food and HealthPolicy Connecticut Ecology of food and nutrition v. 28 (1/2): p. 157- Washington, D.C. (Sui,e 522, 1001 Public Voice,. 169; 1991. Includes references. Ave., N.W. Washington 20036) : vi, 60 p. :ill. ; 28 cm. October 1988. Bibliography: Language: English p. 56-59. Descriptors: California; Nutritional state;Health; Language: English Pesticide residues; Food safety;. Rural areas; Ddt; Descriptors: infants; Health andhygiene; United Poverty; Growth retardation; Cholinesterase; Mortality; Statistics; Nutrient intake; Children States; Infants; United States; Rural poor; United States; Medical policy;United Abstract: The nutritional status of 191 rural,low- States income subjects from the Porterville-Woodville area of Tulare County,California, was surveyed in 124 NAL Call No: TX341.C6 1969 at the request of, and in collaborationwith, Older rural women: candidates forassistance. the medical staff of Salud Medical Clinic,Wood- Washington, D.C.: Community NutritionInstitute. ville, California. For comparative purposes,28 Nutrition week v. 17 (11): p. 4-5; 1987Mar12. middle-income children from the city of Visalia were also studied. The resultsindicate that dietary Language: English intake was adequate for most nutrients, withthe Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Women;Elderly; Rural of exception of iron. However, a high incidence areas; Demography; Lowincome groups; Supple- microcytosis and low or deficient serumfolate mental feeding programs levels was observed along with a high prevalence of short stature. Evidence suggestive of organop- 125 NAL Call No: 281.28 R811 hosphate pesticide exposure was found in thelow rural poverty and number of On the edge of homelessness: plasma cholinesterase activity of a housing insecurity. children. The levels of DDT and DDE in serum Fitchen, J.M. were also found to be respectivelytwice and three Bozeman, Mont. : Rural SociologicalSociety. times the mean values reported for non-exposed Rural sociology v. 57 (2): p. 173-193;1992. Includes adult males. references.

122 NAL Call No: HC107.A13R4 Language: English Observations on the rural crisis in the South. Descriptors: New York; Rural housing;Poverty; DuVa.,, T. Risk; Trends; Miss' .sippi State, MS : Southern RuralDevelop- Low income groups; Rural areas; Supply balance; Homeowners; Rent;Land use; ment Center. Responding to the crisis in the rural South :high- Regulations; Tenure systems; Case studies lights of selected public and private sectorinitia- Abstract: Homelessness in ruralAmerica is a prob- tives, Atlanta, Georgia, May 18-20, 1987/ Farm lem hardly recognized, little understood,and only Foundation, Southern Rural Development Center minimally studied by rural sociologists.This article, ; CSRS/USDAlet al.j. p. 1-6; 1987 Oct. Includes based on long-term field researchin upstate New references. York, sets the problem of ruralhomelessness in context, explains the increasein rural poverty that Language: English puts more people at riskof homelessness, and ex- Descriptors: South eastern states of U.SA.; South amines some trends in rural housingthat reduce central states of U.S.A.; Georgia; Rural areas; the ability of poorer residents to secureadequate Rural economy; Rural communities; Economicde- shelter. The nature of housinginsecurity and the pression; Urban areas; Poverty; Income distribu- strategies poor rural people use to keepthemselves tion; Unemployment; Counties; Leadership;Rural from becoming literally homeless arenoted. Inter-

31 Poverty In IttimaR Americo views and questionnaires conducted among Burlington, Vt. : Journal of Meal Health. insecurely-housed low- Income people and inter- The Journal of rural health v. 5 (4): p. 299-319; views and records supplied by agencies and 1989 Oct. Includes references. institutions serving the poor provide the information on which arguments are based. The conclu- Language:English sion is that the definition of homelessness should Descriptors:U.S.A.; Health services; Rural areas; be broadened for rural usage to encompass poor Infants; Mothers; Low income groups; Decision people on the edge of or at high risk of home- making; Health insurance lessness; also, programs to assist the homeless and prevent homelessness must be appropriate for 129 NAL Con No: HD7287.96118093 rural situations. An Overview of the Housing and Urban-Renewal Recovery Act of 1983. 126 NAL Call No: 11V61139 Housing Assistance Council The other housing crisis sheltering the poor in Washington, D.C. : The Council,. rural America. 31 p. ; 28 cm. (HAC report). December, 1983. Lazere, Edward B.; Leonard, Paul A.; Kravitz, Linda Language:English Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (Washing- ton, D.C.),Housing Assistance Council Descriptors:Housing, Rural; United States; Washington, D.C. : Center on Budget and Policy Housing; Law and legislation; United-States; Priorities : Housing Assistance Council,. Housing policy; United States; Urban renewal; United States; Poor; Housing; United States xxii, 69 p.:ill.; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references. 130 NAL Call No: TX341J6 Language:English Partners for improved nutrition and health, an innovative collaborative project. Descriptors:United States; Rural conditions; Rural Hinton, A.W.; Rausa, A.; Lingafelter, T.; Lingafel- poor; Housing; United States; Poor; Housing; ter, R. United States Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins. Journal of nutrition education v. 24 (1,suppl.): p. 127 NAL Call No: SS44.5.A17W74 67S-70S; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Our children, our future, changing characteristics of youth: implications for programming. Language:English Cook, A.K. Descriptors:Mississippi; California; Arkansas; S.I.: Cooperative Extension, Washington State Georgia; Hunger; Malnutrition; Community in- University, etc. :. WREP - Western Region Extension Publication - volvement; Self help; Rural environment; Poverty; Health education; Nutrition education; Project im- Cooperative Extension Service (103): 15 p.; 1988 Jun. Paper presented at Professional Development plementation; Training; Low income groups Conference for Western Region State 4-H Abstract:The Freedom From Hunger Foundation Specialists and 4-H Specialists and 4-H Program (FFHF) of Davis, California, is committed to help- Directors, May 6, 1987, Vallombrosa Center, ing the hungry and poor help themselves to elim- Menlo Park, CA. Literature review. Includes ref- inate the root causes of malnutrition and hunger. erences. The Foundation's programs are founded on strategies to develop, test, and refine creative and in- Language: English novative self-help strategies, with an emphasis on Descriptors: Western states of U.SA.; Great basin community-based self-help and mutual help solu- and pacific slope; Children; Rural youth; Races; tions that enhance self-reliance and preserve dig- Minorities; Family structure; Employed women; nity (1). With a forty-year history of conducting Single parent families; Poverty; Youth programs international relief programs, the Foundation in 1986 conductqa study on poverty in the United 128 NAL Call Ni: RA771.41J68 States. An overview of maternal and infant health services in rural America. 131 NAL Call No: HD101.S6 Hughes, D.; Rosenbaum, S. People left hehInd: transitions of the rural poor.

32 Quick Bibliography Series

Molnar, J.J.; Traxler, G. 133 NAL Call No: HN79.A23C64 Experiment, Ga. : The Association. Poor but proud Alabama's poor whites. Southern journal of agricultural economics - Flynt, J. Wayne, Southern Agricultural Economics Association v. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press,. 23 (1): p. 75-83; 1991 Jul. Discussion by B.J. xiii, 469 p.:ill.; 24 cm. Includes bibliographical Deaton, p. 85-87. Includes references. references (p. 428-451). Language: English Language: English Descriptors: Southern states of U.S.A.; Blacks; Descriptors: Alabama; Rural conditions; Rural de- American indians; Rural women; Rural popula- velopment; Alabama; Rural poor; Alabama tion; Poverty; Farm workers; Spatial distribution; Factor analysis; Demography 134 NAL Call No: aG4343.1t5D2 1988 .US Map Poor to fair range condition, Rich County, Utah. Abstract: Compared to their urban counterparts, United States. Soil Conservation Service; National the rural poor are more likely to be employed, Cartographic Center (U.S.) more apt to be members of. married-couple Ft. Worth, TX : USDA-SCS-National Cartograp- families, less likely to be children, less likely to be hic Center ; [Salt Lake City, Utah : State Conser- minority, and more likely to have assets but a nega- vationist, distributor],. tive income. This paper examines poverty rates and 1 map : col. ; 49 x 36 cm. Source: Data compiled factors that affect mobility in and out of poverty by SCS field personnel. Spot heights shown by hac- among major categories of the rural poor. Partic- hures. Includes location map. November 1988 ular attention is paid to farm workers and the rural 1004275. farm population in the South. It endeavors to identify both structural conditions that perpetuate rural Language: English poverty and government interventions that ameliorate human suffering and break the cycle of Descriptors: Rangelands; Utah; Rich County; Maps poverty reproduction. 135 NAL Call No: 30.98 AGS Postbellum tenancy in Fayette County, Tennessee: 132 NAL Call No: S441.P4 Perspectives on the structure of American agricul- its implications for economic development and ture. (View from the farm, special problems of persistent black poverty. minority and low-income farmers. Federal farm McKenzie, R.T. policies, their effects on low-income farmers and Berkeley, Calif. : University of California Press. rural communities. Structure of American Agricultural history v. 61 (2): p. 16-33; 1987. In- agriculture.) cludes references. Coughlin, Kenneth M.COUView from the farm, Language: English special problems of minority and low-income farmers; Federal farm policies, their effects on low- Descriptors: Tennessee; Sharecropping; Tenancy, income farmers and rural communities; Structure Blacks; Economic development; Poverty; Rural of American agriculture areas; Statistics; History Rural America, inc, United States, Community Services Administration, United States, Dept. of 136 NAL Call No: HT123.N6 Agriculture. Poverty: a regional political economy perspective. Washington, D.C. (1346 Conn. Avenue, N.W.) Howes, C.; Markusen, A.R. Rural America, Inc. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press. 2 v. :ill.; 26 cm. Prepared with grant from Com- Nonmetropolitan America in transition / edited by munity Services Administration, part of U.S. Dept. Amos H. Hawley and Sara Mills Mazie. p. 437-463; of Agriculture inquiry into Structure of American 1987. (Institute for Research in Social Science agriculture. Issued Spring, 1980. Includes monograph series). Includes references. bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Agriculture; United States; Farm cor- Descriptors: U.S.A.; Poverty; Rural unemployment; porations; United States; Farm life; United States; Capitalism; Labor productivity; Blacks; American Farmers; United States indians

22 33 Poverty In ,Rural America

137 NAL Call No: aHT392.A53 Poverty among black families in the nonmetro 139 NAL-Call No: HD1773.A5U8 South. Poverty differentials in the nonmetro Southeast. Ghelfi, L.M. Thompson, A.; McDowell, D.R. Washington, D.C. : The Service. Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University. Rural development research report - United States Ushering in the twenty first century : emphasis on Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service the rural South / editor, Thomas T. Williams. p. (62): 27 p. maps; 1986 Aug. Includes statistical 131-140; 1987. Papers presented at the 44th Pro- data. Includes 39 references. fessional Agricultural Workers Conference, De- cember 7-9, 1986, at Tuskegee University, Language: English Tuskegee, Alabama. Includes references. Descriptors: South eastern states of U.S.A.; South Language: English central states of U.S.A.; Poverty; Blacks; Educa- tion; Unemployment; Income; Rural areas Descriptors: South eastern states of. U.S.A.; Poverty; Rural areas; Income distribution; Demog- Abstract:.Nearly all black families in nonmetro raphy areas live in the South. There they have a higher proverty rate than black families in other regions; 140 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 35 percent had incomes below the poverty thresh- Poverty in female-headed households: residential old in 1979. Poverty is particularly prevalent among differences. black families in the nonmetro South with a female McLaughlin, D.K.; Sach, C. householder, 56 percent of them were poor in Bozeman, Mont. : Office of the Assistant Secretary 1979. Income problems of these families and of for Health. their poor white counterparts appear to be related Rural sociology v. 53 (3): p. 287-306; 1988. Includes to factors such as low levels of education, young references. or old age, and work disabilities. Those poor black fimily members who are employed are concen- Language: English trated in loW-viage jobs. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Poverty; Employed women; Employment opportunities; Heads of families; 138 NAL Call No: RA790.A1J68 Poverty as context for old age in rural America. Females; Rural urban relations; Blacks Fitchen, J.M. Abstract: Individual and structural explanations for Fresno, Calif.:California School of Professional poverty have been applied in studies of the poverty Psychology. status of particular individuals. In this paper, we Journal of rural community psychology v. 11 (1): examine how individual characteristics and the em- p. 31-50; 1990. In the series analytic: Aging in rural ployment opportunity structure vary for female- places / edited by R.J. Scheidt and C. Norris- headed households in nonmetropolitan areas, Baker. Includes references. central city areas, and metropolitan areas that are not central city areas. Using data from the 1980 Language: English Census of Population and Housing, we find that Descriptors: U.S.A.; New York; Elderly; Rural individual household characteristics do differ by communities;. Poverty; Employment; Rural residence, but that there is generally no difference housing; Migration; Social participation; Commu- by residence in the characteristics that influence nity development; Aging poverty status. Employed nonmetro female heads of households are more likely to report pove.rty in- Abstract: Poverty is increasing in rural America, comes, and the relatively low contribution of wages undermining many small communities and thereby in raising nonmetro households above the poverty affecting the well-being of the rural elderly who level suggests that the opportunity structure for live there, regardless of income level. This article, female-headed households varies by residence and which takes a community-level focus, presents an is poorer for nonmetro residents. overview of recent national trends and describes patterns and causes of rural poverty observed in 141 NAL Call No: HC110.P6F57 community research in upstate New York. Impli- Poverty in rural America a case study. cations for mental health services are discussed, Fitchen, Janet M. highlighting a community development approach.

34 Quick Bibliography Series

Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press,. 145 NAL Call No: RA771.A1J68 xii, 257 p. :ill.; 24 cm. (Westview special studies Poverty, primary care and age-specific mortality. in contemporary social issues). Includes index. Farmer, F.L.; Stokes, C.S.; Fiser, R.H.; Papini, Bibliography: p. 245-248. D.P. Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Associ- Language: English ation. Descriptors: United States; Rural conditions; Case The Journal of rural health v. 7 (2): p. 153-169; studies; Rural poor; United States; Case studies 1991. Includes references. Language: English 142 NAL Call No: aZ5071.N3 Poverty in rural America: January 1979-December Descriptors: U.S.A.; Mortality; Poverty; Age differ- 1990. ences; Health care; Health services; Rural areas; John, P.L.C. Sex differences Beltsville, Md. : The Library. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of 146 NAL Call No: HN59.2.Ft87 Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). Poverty (Rural population, social system, USA). (91-123): 21 p.; 1991 'Jul. Updates QB 90-86. Bib- Moland, J.J. Jr; Page, A.T. liography. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, 1982. Rural society in the U.S.: issues for the 1980s / Language: English edited by Don A. Dillman and Daryl J. Hobbs. p. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Poverty; Rural population; 136-142; 1982. 25 ref. Bibliographies Language: English

143 NAL Call No: 281.9 P942 Descriptors: USA Poverty in rural America: the statistical evidence. Hoppe, RA. 147 NAL Call No: RA771.A1J68 Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University. Prenatal diet adequacy among yural Alabama Proceedings of the ... Annual Professional Agricul- blacks. tural Workers Conference (47th): p. 109-129; 1989. Leeper, J.D.; Nagy, M.C.; Hullett-Robertson, S. In the series analytic: Outreach to the Rural Dis- Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Associ- advantaged: issues and strategies for the 21st cen- ation. tury / edited by N. Baharanyi, R. Zabawa, W. Hill. The Journal of rural health v. 8 (2): p. 134-138; Meeting held December 3-5, 1989, Tuskegee, Al- 1992. Includes references. abama. Includes references. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: Alabama; Diet; Maternal nutrition; Descriptors: U.S.A.; Southern states of U.S.A.; Health; Pregnancy; Women; Blacks; Low income Poverty; Rural areas; Trends; Economic growth; groups; Rural areas; Demography; Dietary surveys Income; Urban areas; Living standards; Compari- sons 148 NAL Call No: HC1O.R43 Production process, work organization, and labor 144 NAL Call No: HT401.R94 relations in the postwar California food process- Poverty or prosperity? The choice is ours (1). ing industry. Summers, G. Segal, W.; Philips, P. University Park, Pa. : Rural Sociological Society. New York, N.Y.: Union for Radical Political Eco- The Rural sociologist v. 7 (2): p. 89-98; 1987 Mar. nomics. Review of radical political economics v. 20 (2/3): Language: English. p. 208-213; 1988. Includes references. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Agricultural production; Pro- Language: English ductivity; Biotechnology; Technical progress; Em- Descriptors: California; Food processing; Food in- ployment opportunities; Labor mobility; Rural dustries; Production structure; Structural change; development; Economic development Organization of work; Migrant labor; Rural areas; Poverty; Welfare economics; Social mobility

35 Poverty In Rural America

sured in two rural Wisconsin counties: findings 149 NAL Call No: 100 G29S0 from a pilot project. Profile of East Feliciana Parish organization for Clarridge, B.R.; Larson, B.J.; Newman, K.M. development (Low-income rural areas, Louisiana, Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Associ- history, outlook). ation. Deseran, FA.; Mullen, R. The Journal of rural health v. 9 (1): p. 40-49; 1993. Knoxville, Tenn., Tennessee Agricultural Experi- Includes references. ment Station. Language: English Southern cooperative series bulletin (273): p. 24- 31; Jan 1982. 9 ref. Descriptors: Wisconsin; Health; Health protection; Children; Low income groups; Health insurance; Language: English Health care costs; Preventive medicine; Rural Descriptors: Louisiana areas; Poverty; Age differences; Sexdifferences Abstract: Debates about the accessibility, costs, and 150 NAL Call No: 100 G29S0 coverages of health care for the population atlarge A profile of Hardee County, Florida (Low-income have recently accelerated. This paper addresses rural counties, history, economic outlook). some of the demographic, health,and fiscal Beaulieu, Li.; Anderson, D.S. ramifications of creating a preventive health care Knoxville, Tenn., Tennessee Agricultural Experi- bridge to children in uninsured and underinsured ment Station. families in two rural Wisconsin counties. The study Southern cooperative series bulletin (273): p. 40- findings revealed that the initial health status of 46; Jan 1982. 19 ref. children making a preventive health visit under a Language: English minimal copayment plan was noticeably worse than the status of those who had the free Early and Descriptors: Florida Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) program available to them on a more or 151 NAL Call No: HD7289.U5P76 less continual basis. Upon their first visit, the A Proposed state program for rural low-income children who did not have access to a free EPSDT housing. program had a greater number ofmedical and Housing Assistance Council dental health problems and fewer preventive den- Washington, D.C. : The Council,. tal care visits than their EPSDT contemporaries. 1 v. (various pagings) ; 28 cm. (HAC report). Beyond a greater number of problems, however, March 1984. we found no noticeable differencesbetween the two groups in the types of health problems present Language: English (i.e. the clinical distribution of the problems was Descriptors: Housing, Rural; United States; States; similar across the two groups). This paper also Rural poor; Housing; United States; States; Public contrasts referral completion rates and ratesof di- housing; United States; States; Housing authori- agnostic confirmation of identified problems be- ties; United States; States tween the two groups. Finally, weprovide estimates of the cost of coverage for each unpro- 152 NAL Call No: AS911.L6A3 tected child. Providing access to affordable health care: strategies supported by Northwest Area Foundation. 154 NAL Call No: 275.28 J82 St. Paul, Minn. : Northwest Area Foundation. Reaching low-income audiences with low-income Northwest report (11): p. 26-28; 1991 Apr. volunteers: matching clients and volunteers. Bezold, C.L. Language: English Madison, Wis. : Extension Journal. Descriptors: Minnesota; South Dakota; Oregon; Journal of extension v. 27: p. 14-15; 1989. North Dakota; Montana; Idaho; Missouri; Wash- Language: English ington; Health care costs; Low income groups; Rural areas; Grants Descriptors: Washington; Low income; Families; Minorities; Volunteers; Less favored areas;Train- 153 NAL Call No: RA771.A1J68 ing; Cooperative extension service; Food preserva- Reaching children of the uninsured and underin-

25 Quick Bibliography Series

tion; Program effectiveness; Rural areas uation; Structural change; Low income groups; Rural urban migration; Unemployment; Social ser- 155 vices; Income distribution Reaching mothers and young children. Klein, Linda 158 NAL Call No: KF26.B3945 1989 FNS Refinements to the Stewart McKinney Act hearing Washington, USDA, Food and Nutrition Service. before the Subcommittee on Housing and Urban Food Nutr v. 10 (1): p. 8-10; Feb 1980. Affairs of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Language: English Hundred First Congress, first session on S. 566, Descriptors: Kentucky; WIC program; Children; In- to authorize a new corporation to support state fants (To 2 years); Females; Pregnancy and nutri- and local strategies for achieving more affordable tion; Nutrition education; Rural areas; Outreach; housing ... June 1, 1989. Low income groups United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommit- Abstract: The WIC program supplements the diets tee on Housing and Urban Affairs of 1.5 million women who are pregnant, have Washington ]D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the recently given birth, or are breastfeeding; infants; Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. and children to age 5. All have been certified to G.P.O.; Y 4.B 22/3:S.hrg.101-263. be in nutritional need and to have low incomes. iii, 132 p. ; 24 cm. (United States. Congress. Sen- Poor transportation makes it difficult for many ate. S. hrg. 101-263.). Distributed to some rural women and children to get WIC foods; the depository libraries in microfiche. Includes Gateway Health District, serving 1600 WIC mot- bibliographical references. hers and children in 5 Kentucky counties, is an example of how one WIC program copes with the Language: English problem. Using a car an Descriptors: Housing; Law and legislation; United States; Homelessness; Law and legislation; United 156 NAL Call No: S451.P4P45 States; Poor; Housing; United States Reaching out. Murphy, C.C.; Bell, P.J. 159 NAL Call No: 100 AR42F University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State Univer- The relationships between socio-economic vari- sity. ables and the change in per capita personal in- Penn State agriculture. p. 2-7. ill; 1986. come between 1979 and 1986 in the Lower Language: English Mississippi Delta. Wright, R.H.; Redfern, J.M.; Farmer, F.L. Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Nutrition programs; Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station. Poverty; Extension activities; Rural areas; Urban Arkansas farm research Arkansas Agricultural areas Experiment Station v. 40 (1): p. 6; 1991 Jan.

157 NAL Call No: HN90.C6N4 Language: English Recent changes in economic structure of low- Descriptors: Delta states of U.S.A.; Rural areas; income regions. Socioeconomic status; Low income Smith, E.D. Washington, D.C. :U.S. G.P.O. :for sale by the 160 NAL Call No: HD1765.C28 1989 Supt of Docs, Congressional Sales Off. Report of the Ad Hoc Task Force on Food, New dimensions in rural policy : building upon our Agriculture, and Rural Concerns. heritage : studies prepared for the use of the Sub- Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic committee on Agriculture and Transportation of Bishops. Ad Hoc Task Force on Food, Agriculture, the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the and Rural Concerns; United States Catholic Con- United States. p. 552-560; 1986. (S. prt. ; 99-153). ference, United States Catholic Conference, Office Includes references. of Publishing and Promotion Service Language: English Washington, D.C. : National Conference of Cath- olic Bishops, U.S. Catholic Conference,. Descriptors: U.SA.; Rural economy; Economic sit- 35 p. ; 19 cm. (Publication (United States Catholic

26 Poverty In Rural America

Conference. Office of Publishing and Promotion - the rural poor. Thisdocument reports the result Service) ; no. 263-2.). of a year long study which examined a variety of key nutrition indicators such as dietary intake, Language: English biochemical deficiencies, growth stunting, infant Descriptors: Agriculture; Social aspects; United mortality, and low birthweight rates. The objective States; Agricultural laborers; United States; Eco- of this effort was to help build a reliable knowledge nomic conditions; Rural poor; United States; Mal- base on the nutritional status of the rural poor and nutrition; United States; Church and social take the first step toward assessing the situation problems; United States; Catholic Church with an eye toward its control and improvement. NAL Call No: HD1476.U5S77 1984 161 NAL Call No: HG195.F7 164 Resource allocation by low income rural The role of the Farmers Home Administration in households the poor also choose. the survival of small farms. Franklin, David L.; Harrell, Marielouise W. McWhorter, GA. United States, Agency for International Develop- Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee Institute, Human Re- ment, Bureau for Policy Planning and Coordina- sources Development Center. Strategy for survival of small farmers, international tion implications / editor, Thomas T. Williams. p. 207- S.I.: s.n., 1984? ii, 90 p. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references 214; 1985. Paper presented at the Professional (p. 75-81). Agricultural Workers Conference on "Strategy for Survival of Small Farmers," Tuskegee Institute, Al- Language: English abama, 1984. Includes references. Descriptors: Rural poor; Nutrition; Food habits; Language: English Economic aspects; Rural development Descriptors: Small farms; Loans; Rural develop- 162 NAL Call No: HC110.P6032 ment; Poverty; Blacks The rise of poverty in rural America. NAL Call No: RA771A1J68 O'Hare, William P. 165 Washington, D.C. : Population Reference Bureau,. Rural America in the 1980s: a context for rural 16 p. :ill.; 26 cm. (Population trends and public health research. policy ; no. 15). Cover title. Includes bibliographi- Coward, R.T.; Miller, M.K.; Dwyer, J.W. Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Associ- cal references. ation. Language: English The Journal of rural health v. 6 (4): p. 357-363; 1990 Oct. In series analytic: A Decade of Rural Descriptors: United States; Rural conditions; Health Research: Looking Back, Thinking Ahead United States; Economic conditions; Rural poor; / edited by R.T. Coward, J.W. Dwyer and M.K. United States Miller. Includes references.

163 NAL Call No: TX360.U6S56 Language: English Rising poverty, declining health the nutritional status of the rural poor : a report. Descriptors: U.SA.; Rural society; Health; Health care; Research; Cultural sociology; Poverty; Popu- Shotland, Jeffrey; Haas, Ellen Public Voice for Food and Health Policy lation distribution; Agricultural crises Washington, D.C. : Public Voice,. NAL Call No: KF26.B3945 1989e ill.; 28 cm. February, 1986. Bibliogra- 166 vii, 146 p. : Rural and Indian housing provisions of S. 566 phy: p. 142-145. hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing and Language: English Urban Affairs of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Sen- Descriptors: Nutrition; United States; Nutrition ate, One Hundred First Congress, first session, surveys; United States; Malnutrition; United on S. 566 ... the National Affordable HousingAct, States; Rural poor; United States; Nutrition June 21, 1989. Abstract: This is a report on the worsening nutri- United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on tional health of a forgotten segment of our society Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommit-

27 Quick Bibliography Series

tee on Housing and Urban Affairs paring for the future. p. 1/1-1/31. maps; 1987. Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O.: For sale by the (ERS staff report ; no. AGES 870724). Includes Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. statistical data. Includes references. G.P.O.; Y 4.B 22/3:S.hrg.101-496. English iv, 120 p. ; 24 cm. (S. hrg. ; 101-496). Distributed Language: to some depository libraries in microfiche. Ship- Descriptors:U.S.A.; Rural economy; Economic de- ping list no.: 90-205-P. velopment; Structural change; Economic policy; Development projects; Program development; Language:English Poverty Descriptors:Housing, Rural; United States; Finance; Indians of North America; Housing; 170 NAL Call No: HV85.H85 Finance; Poor; Housing; United States; Housing Rural Community Action Agencies: social service policy; United States or social change. Shepard, M.F. 167 NAL Call No: HV91.R77 Knoxville, Tenn. : School of Social Work, Univer- Rural and urban poverty: An income/net worth sity of Tennessee. approach. Human services in the rural environment v. 14 (4): Lerman, D.L; Mikesell, J.J. p. 10-15; 1991. Includes references. New York : Greenwood Press. English Rural poverty : special causes and policy reforms Language: / edited by Harrell R. Rodgers, Jr., and Gregory Descriptors: Minnesota; Rural communities; Com- Weiher ; prepared under the auspices of the Policy munity action; Poverty; Development policy; Social Studies Organization. p. 1-24; 1988. (Studies in so- change; Social services; Case studies; Community cial welfare policies and programs, 8755-5360 ; no. development 12). Includes references. 171 NAL Call No: 281.28 R.88 Language:English Rural community poverty: a LISREL measure- Descriptors:U.SA.; Rural urban relations; Poverty; ment model. Income distribution; Household income; Models; Farmer, F.L.; Ilvento. T.W.; Luloff, A.E. Methodology Bozeman, Mont. : Rural Sociological Society. Rural sociology v. 54 (4): p. 491-508; 1989. Includes 168 NAL Call No: aHT392.A53 references. Rural change and the rural economic policy Language:English agenda for the 1980's. Brown, D.L.; Deavers, K.L. Descriptors:U.S.A.; Rural communities; Poverty; Washington, D.C. : TheService: Factorial models; Rural development; Counties; Rural development research reportUnited States Computer software; Maximum likelihood; Popula- Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service tion structure (69): p. 1-28. maps; 1988 Sep. Literature review. Includes references. Abstract:Although explanations of differentials in the incidence and prevalence of poverty have been Language:English discussed in terms of structural characteristics, the traditional conceptualization and measurement of Descriptors:U.SA.; Rural economy; Economic de- poverty has focused on economic conditionsof in- velopment; Structural change; Economic policy; dividuals. Using Blau's (1974, 1977) general mac- Development projects; Program development; rosociological model as an analytic framework, this Poverty paper shifts the focus away fromcharacteristics of individuals to a structural level. Viewed as a latent 169 NAL Call No: HN90.C6R78 construct, the concept of poverty isoperationalized Rural change and the rural economic policy using data from rural areas of the United States. agenda for the 1980's. Findings from the confirmatory factor model (in Brown, D.L.; Deavers, K.L. LISREL) indicate that when there is explicit Washington, D.C.: Agriculture and Rural Eco- recognition of correlations within the error matrix, nomy Division, ERS, USDA. the conceptual model conforms to the data ex- Rural economic development in the 1980's :pre-

39 Poverty In Rural America tremely well. The paper suggests that while there Language: English will always be a need for programs geared toward the plight of individuals in poverty, within the Descriptors: Tennessee; Housing; Poverty; Rural framework of rural development, the community areas; Urban areas; Comparisons; Regional sur- is perhaps the more relevant level for long-range veys; Demography; Rural urban migration solutions. 175 NAL Call No: HD7289.U5R72 1983 172 NAL Call No: HD1755.P76 1988 Rural emergency shelter need., Rev. Dec., 1983. Rural devel[o]pment issues of the nineties per- Housing Assistance Council spectives from the social sciences : the 46th an- Washington, D.C. : The Council,. nual Professional Agricultural Workers 1 v. (various pagings) ; 28 cm. (HAC report). July Conference proceedings, December 4-6, 1988, Tus- 1983. kegee University. (Rural development issues of the Language: English nineties.) Williams, T. T.1925-; Hill, Walter A.,1946-; Descriptors: Housing, Rural; United States; Shel- Christy, Ralph C. ters for the homeless; United States Professional Agricultural Workers Conference 46th : 1988 : Tuskegee, Ala. 176 NAL Call No: Z675.V7R8 Tuskegee, Ala. : School of Agriculture and Home The rural environments effects on library service: Economics, George Washington Carver Agricul- a consultants perspective. tural Experiment Station, Cooperative Extension Hanks, G.C. Program, Tuskegee University, [1989?I. Clarion, Pa. : Center for the Study of Rural viii, 210 p. :ill., maps ; 23 cm. On cover: 1890 land- Librarianship, Clarion University of Pennsylvania. grant colleges and universities, centennial celebra- Rural libraries v. 10 (2): p. 7-23; 1990. Includes ref- tion. Includes bibliographical references. erences. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: Rural development; United States; Descriptors: U.S.A.; Libraries; Information ser- Congresses; Rural poor; United States; Con- vices; Rural environment; Rural depopulation; Age gresses; Agricultural laborers; United States; Con- differences; Academic achievement; Poverty; gresses Rural sociology; Rural communities

173 NAL Call No: HD1755.H86 177 NAL Call No: HD7289.U5R74 Rural development in perspective. Rural housing and poverty in the United States Beale, C.L. an analysis of census data. Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University, Human Re- Housing Assistance Council sources Development Center. Washington, D.C. : The Council,. Human resources development in rural America : 28 p.: map ; 28 cm. (HAC report). September myth or reality / editor, Thomas T. Williams. p. 1985. 2-8; 1986. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: United States; Census; United States; Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural development; Popula- Economic conditions; Housing, Rural; United tion growth; Urban rural migration; Trends; States; Rural poor; Housing; United States; Poverty; Structural change; Employment Poverty

174 NAL Call No: HV85.H85 178 NAL Call No: HD7289.U5R76 Rural dimensions of homelessness: a rural-urban Rural housing and poverty monitor. comparison. Housing Assistance Council Nooe, R.M.; Cunningham, M.L. Washington, D.C. : The Council,. Cheney, WA : Eastern Washington University. 20 leaves ; 28 cm. (HAC report). July 1987 update. Human services in the rural environment v. 15 (4): p. 5-9; 1992. Includes references. Language: English

BESTenpvAMU API r Quick Bibliography Series

Descriptors: United States; Economic conditions; Descriptors: U.SA.; Rural population; Poverty; In- Housing, Rural; United States; Rural poor; come distribution; Policy Housing; United States; Poverty 183 NAL Call No: 280.8 J822 179 NAL, Call No: 281.28 R88 Rural poverty among racial and ethnic minorities. Rural pockets of poverty. Allen, J.E.; Thompson, A. Weinberg, D.H. Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Bozeman : Rural Sociological Society, Montana Association. State University. American journal of agricultural economics v. 72 Rural sociology v. 52 (3): p. 398-408. maps; 1987. (5): p. 1161-1168; 1990 Dec. Paper presented at Includes references. the annual meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association held August 5-8, 1990, Language: English Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Discussions Descriptors: U.SA.; Poverty; Rural areas; Geo- by R.I. Rochin p. 1179-1181 and C. Parliament, p. graphical distribution; Location theory; Counties 1182-1183. Includes references. Language: English 180 NAL Call No: HD1761.P65 Rural policy: facing the 1990s. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Blacks; Hispanics; Minorities; Deavers, K.L. Poverty; Rural areas; Socioeconomic status; Washington, D.C. : National Planning Association. Trends; Regression analysis; Rural sociology; Pat- Positioning agriculture for the 1990s, a new decade terns of change : a symposium. p. 113-130; 1989. (FAC report ;). 184 NAL Call No: aHN90.C6R78 Rural poverty: do assets matter? Language: English Lerman, D.L.; Mikesell, J.J. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural economy; Agricultural Washington, D.C. :U.S. Department of Agricul- policy; Economic policy; Economic situation; Em- ture, Economic Research Service. ployment; Poverty; Technical progress Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 5 (2): p. 11-15. ill; 1989 Feb. 181 NAL Call No: HN79.A14R87 Language: English Rural policy workshop calls for comprehensive effort. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Poverty; Rural areas; Rural Ames, Iowa : North Central Regional Center for population; Age differences; Homeowners; Unem- Rural Development. ployment; Tenants; Family size; Household in- Rural development news v. 12 (5): p. 5-6; 1988 come; Demography Nov. 185 NAL Call No: HC79.P6R7 Language: English Rural poverty in perspective a research report. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural development; Develop- Rucker, George W. ment policy; Workshops (programs); Poverty; Washington, D.C. : Rural Coalition, [1988 ?]. Public services; Educational programs; Retraining 32 p.:ill.; 28 cm. Cover title. Basic data to guide of farmers; Income distribution; Employment; strategy development. Includes bibliographical ref- Natural resources; Health care erences. Language: English 182 NAL Call No: HN90.C6R8 The rural poor. Descriptors: United States; Population, Rural; Eco- Daft, L.M. nomic conditions Lexington, Mass. : Lexington Books. Rural policy problems : changing dimensions / by 186 NAL Call No: tiV91.R77 William P. Browne, Don F. Hadwiger. p. 73-79; Rural poverty special causes and policy reforms. 1982. (Organization series policy studies). Includes Rodgers, Harrell R.; Weiher, Gregory references. New York : Greenwood Press,. xix, 171 p.: ill.; 25 cm. (Studies in social welfare Language: English policies and programs, no. 12). Includes

41 Poverty in Rural Mamie bibliographical references and index. Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University, [1989?). Rural development issues of the nineties : perspec- Language: English tives from the social sciences : the 46th annual Pro- Descriptors: United States; Rural conditions; Social fessional Agricultural Workers Conference service, Rural; United States; Public welfare; proceedings, December 4-6, 1988. Tuskegee Uni- United States; Social service, Rural; United States; versity. p. 33-42; 1989. Includes references. Public welfare; United States Language: English

107 NAL Call No: aHT392.A53 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural development; Rural Mural social services and the family support act. economy; Poverty; Employment Ginsberg, L. Washington, D.C. : The Service. 191 NAL Call No: HD1773.A5U8 Rural development research report - United States Serving the rural South in the twenty first century: Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service the challenges and opportunities. (83): p. 53-78; 1993 Apr. In the series analytic: The Lee, J.E. Jr family support act: will it work in rural areas? / Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University. edited by RA. Hoppe. Includes references. Ushering in the twenty first century : emphasis on the rural South / editor, Thomas T. Williams. p. Language: English 19-26; 1987. Papers presented at the 44th Profes- Descriptors: U.S.A.; Social services; Rural areas; sional Agricultural Workers Conference, Decem- Social legislation; Poverty; Low income; Families; ber 7-9, 1986, at Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Comparisons; Urban areas; Federal programs Alabama. Includes references. Language: English 188 NAL Call No: HN79.A13R87 The rural South in crisis: an Introduction. Descriptors: South eastern states of U.SA.; South Beaulieu, L.J. central states of U.S.A.; Rural economy; Poverty; Boulder : Westview Press. Blacks; Farm entrants; Agricultural colleges; Rural The Rural South in crisis : challenges for the future development / edited by Lionel J. Beaulieu. p. 1-12; 1988. (Rural studies series). Includes references. 192 NAL Call No: HT390.G74 The share of southeastern Black counties in the Language: English southern rural renaissance: Were they bypassed Descriptors: South eastern states of U.S.A.; South by factory job gains, 1959-77? central states of U.SA.; Rural areas; Farm indeb- Till, T.E. tedness; Rural economy; Poverty; Low income Lexington, Ky. : College of Business and Econom- groups; Education; Blacks; Economic growth; Eco- ics, University of Kentucky. nomic sociology; Rural development Growth and change v. 17 (2): p. 44-55; 1986 Apr. Includes references. 189 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 Language: English Rurality and patterns of social disruption (Rural poverty, violence, divorce, northeastern United Descriptors: South eastern states of U.SA.; South States). central states of U.S.A.; Rural development; Wilkinson, K.P. Poverty; Blacks; Employment opportunities; Pop- College Station, TX : Rural Sociological Society. ulation dynamics; Manufacture Rural sociology v. 49 (1): p. 23-36; Spring, 1984. Includes references. 193 NAL Call No: 275.28 J82 Shedding the cocoon of status quo. Language: English Van Horn, J.E.; Heasley, D.K.; Preston, D.B. Descriptors: North Eastern States (USA) Madison :[s.n.j. Journal of extension v. 23: p. 4-7; 1985. Includes 190 NAL Call No: H1)1755.1'76 1988 references. Scope and dimensions of problems facing rural Language: English America. Deavers, K.L. Descriptors: Extension; Rural communities; Rural

31 42 Quick Bibliography Series

population; Poverty 197 NAL Call No: HD1755.P76 1988 194 NAL Call No: aHN90.C6R78 Southern persistently low-income counties: social Shifting income patterns: implications for non- and economic characteristics. metro America. Bellamy, D.S.; Ghelfi, L.M. Hoppe, RA. Tuskegee, Ala. : Tuskegee University, [19894 Washington, D.C. :U.S. Department of Agricul- Rural development issues of the nineties : perspec- ture, Economic Research Service. tives from the social sciences : the 46th annual Pro- Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 3 (2): p. fessional Agricultural Workers Conference 2-5. ill; 1987 Feb. Includes references. proceedings, December 4-6, 1988. Tuskegee Uni- versity. p. 51-61. maps; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural communities; Income distribution; Trends; Low income groups; Less Descriptors: Southern states of U.S.A.; Less favored areas; Rural economy; Economic depres- favored areas; Population density; Low income; sion; Productivity Social structure

195 NAL Call No: HN79.A13R87 198 NAL Call No: HD7289.U5S72 Social and economic conditions of black farm State initiatives in 1983. households: status and prospects. Housing Assistance Council Beauford, E.Y.; Nelson, M.C. Washington, D.C. : The Council,. Boulder : Westview Press. 1 v. (various pagings) ; 28 cm. (HAC report). No- The Rural South in crisis : challenges for the future vember 1983. / edited by Lionel J. Beaulieu. p. 99-119; 1988. (Rural studies series). Includes references. Language: English Language: English Descriptors: Housing, Rural; United States; States; Public housing; United States; States; Rural poor; Descriptors: South eastern states of U.S.A.; South Housing; United States; States central states of U.S.A.; Alabama; Georgia; Mis- sissippi; North Carolina; South Carolina; Blacks; 199 NAL Call No: HD1751.A36 Rural economy; Agricultural households; Social Status of rural Texas. crisis; Income distribution; Poverty; Living condi- Fisher, D.U.; Adcock,D.P. tions; Rural population; Employment; Education College Station, Tex. :Agricultural & Food Policy Center. 196 NAL Call No: HD1476.U5S77 1984 AFPC policy workingpaper (91-14): 41 p.; 1991 Socioeconomic and psychological characteristics Nov. of small farmers and farm laborers in the rural south A comparative study. Language: English Cho, W.K. Descriptors: Texas; Rural depopulation; Poverty; Tuskegee, Ala.: Tuskegee Institute, Human Re- Rural economy; Income; Migration; Demography sources Development Center. Strategy for survival of small farmers, international 200 NAL Call No: LB1567J68 implications / editor, Thomas T. Williams. p. 179- Students with severe disabilities in general educa- 193; 1985. Paper presented at the Professional tion classrooms: barriers in rural, poor settings. Agricultural Workers Conference on "Strategy for Capper, C.A. Survival of Small Farmers," Tuskegee Institute, Al- Bellingham, Wash. : National Rural Development abama, 1984. Includes references. Institute. Language: English Journal of rural and small schools v. 5 (6): p. 13-18; 1992. Includes references. Descriptors: South central states of U.S.A.; South eastern states of U.S.A.; Small farms; Farm Language: English workers; Socioeconomic status; Psychological fac- Descriptors: U.S.A.; Students; Handicapped per- tors; Hired labor; Farmers' attitudes; Discriminant sons; Public schools; Rural areas; Poverty; Social analysis; Poverty barriers; Personnel; Parent participation; Models;

32 Poverty In Rural America

Location theory; Education Descriptors: U.SA.; Poverty; Rural areas; Groups 201 NAL Call No: aHV696.F6F6 Summer meals for rural children. 204 NAL Call No: HD1775.K4K4 Klein, Linda Technical aid to the rural farm poor Can it make FNS economic sense? (Appalachian Kentucky). Washington, USDA, Food and Nutrition Service. Smith, E.D.; Hall, H.H.; Simon, D. Food Nutr v. 10 (1): p. 6-7; Feb 1980. Lexington, Ky. : The Service. Agricultural economics extension series T_Univer- Language: English sity of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service (53): 23 p.; Feb 1984. Includes references. Descriptors: Georgia; Rural areas; School lunch programs; Summer programs; Hunger; Children; Language: English Low income groups; Child nutrition programs Descriptors: Kentucky Abstract: The Summer Food Service Program for Children was created for children who, because of 205 NAL Call No: S1.W6 poverty or working parents unable to stay at home Toward a rural development program for the to fix meals, have no way of receiving nutritious United States: a, proposal. meals during the summer. Sponsors are reim- De Janvry, A.; Runsten, D.; Sadoulet, E. bursed for meals and snacks as well as for a certain Berkeley : The Station. amount to cover operating and administrative Working paper series - California Agricultural Ex- costs; rural sponsors and those preparing their own periment Station, Department of Agricultural meals receive a higher reimbursement rate than Resource Economics (463): 38 p.; 1987 Nov. In- sponsors contracting with food management ser- cludes references. vices. Programs operate from facilities demonstrat- ing capability to serve wholesome meals and snacks Language: English to children in needy areas, e.g., schools, churches, Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural development; Develop- playgrounds, and parks. The Slash Pine Commu- ment policy; Poverty nity Action Program, in southeast Georgia, is used as an example of such a summer program. 206 NAL Call No: 916762(AGE) Transfer payments in nonmetropolitan areas. 202 NAL Call No: HC110.P6K7 Hoppe, RA.; Saupe, W.E. Taking stock rural people and poverty from 1970 Washington, D.C. : The Service. to 1983. ERS staff report - United States Dept. of Agricul- Kravitz, Linda ture, Economic Research Service (AGES820827): Housing Assistance Council 41 p.; Sept 1982. Available from NTIS, order No. Washington, D.C. (1025 Vermont Ave., N.W., PB83-148718. Includes 30 references. Washington 20005) : Housing Assistance Council,. vi, 120 p.:ill. (some col.), maps (some col.); 28 Language: English cm. July 1984. Map on 1 folded leaf in pocket. Er- Descriptors: Nonmetropolitan; Medicare; Public rata sheet inserted. Bibliography: p. 43-50. assistance; Retirement; Social security; Welfare; Language: English Income maintenance Descriptors: United States; Rural conditions; Rural Abstract: Extract: Transfer payments have become poor; Poor an important source of income, particularly in nonmetropolitan areas. By 1977, transfer' programs 203 NAL Call No: HN79.A14R87 represented 16.1 percent of nonmetro personal in- Task Force on persistent rural poverty completes come, compared with only 13.1 percent of metro report and Phase I of project. personal income. This report describes the U.S. Ames, Iowa : North Central Regional Center for transfer payment system and identifies programs Rural Development. that are especially important to nonmetro area: It Rural development news v. 16 (5): p. 9-10; 1992 documents the growth of transfer payments in both Sep. metro and nonmetro areas. The report also pin- points counties that could be affected by changes Language: English

44 Quick Bibliography Series in the transfer system because they receive large Rural sociology v. 53 (1): p. 73-86; 1988. Includes transfer payments. references.

207 NAL Call No: HT390.G74 Language: English Transitions of poverty amidst employment Descriptors: Alabama; Georgia; South Carolina; growth: two nonmetro case studies. Mississippi; Rural development; History; Industri- Larson, D.K. alization; Counties; Employment; Income distribu- Lexington, Ky. : College of Business and Econom- tion; Low income groups; Blacks; Labor market; ics, University of Kentucky. Wage rates Growth and change v. 20 (2): p. 19-34. maps; 1989. Includes references. 211 NAL Call No: HT401.R94 Language: English Urban growth management and the decline in available housing for migrant farmworkers. Descriptors: Kentucky; Georgia; Employment; Nelson, A.C. Poverty; Employment opportunities; Age differ- University Park, Pa. : Rural Sociological Society. ences; Health; Labor market; Income distribution; The Rural sociologist v. 6 (2): p. 80-87; 1986 Mar. Wage rates; Job skills; Labor requirements; Rural Includes references. development; Counties Language: English 208 NAL Call No: aHN90.C6R78 Descriptors: Oregon; Housing costs; Low income Two types of rural poor need different kinds of groups; Migrant labor; Suburban areas; Urban help. rural migration; Rural economy; Case studies Ross, P.J.; Morrissey, E.S. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agricul- 212 NAL Call No: S537.A2A34 ture, Economic Research Service. Use of government services by low-income, rural Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 4 (1): p. residents in Alabama. 7-10. ill; 1987 Oct. Includes references. Wheelock, G. Language: English Normal : The School. Annual research report - School of Agriculture. Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural population; Poverty; Environmental Science and Home Economics. Al- Unemployment; Heads of families; Household in- abama Agricultural and Mechanical University come (12th): p. 77-83; 1983. Includes references.

209 NAL Call No: HT401J68 Language: English The underemployment of American rural women: Descriptors: Alabama prevalence, trends and spatial inequality. Lichter, D.T. 213 NAL Call No: HQ1060.G47 Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Press. Use of informal and formal support networks by Journal of rural studies v. 5 (2): p. 199-208; 1989. rural elderly poor. Includes references. Scott, J.P.; Roberto, K.A. :Gerontological Society of Language: English Washington, D.C. America. Descriptors: U.SA.; Rural women; Underemploy- The Gerontologist v. 25 (6): p. 624-630; 1985 Dec. ment; Trends; Labor market; Employed women; Includes references. Sex differences; Poverty; Working hours; Wage rates; Unemployment; Part time employment; Off- Language: English farm employment Descriptors: Texas; Rural population; Elderly; Poverty; Parent care; Support systems; Networking 210 NAL Call No: 281.28 R88 Uneven development and racial composition in 214 NAL Call No: HD7285.J68 the Deep South: 1970-1980. Using tax credits: financing rehabilitation. Colclough, G. Guggenheim, J. Bozeman : Rural Sociological Society, Montana Washington, D.C. : National Association of State University. Housing and Redevelopment Officials.

45 Poverty In Rural America

Journal of housing v. 45 (4): p. 189-191; 1988 Jul. The presentation supplements the final report of the project. The projects' aim was to provide a Language: English model for other rural communities by addressing how existing resources could be utilized. Discus- Descriptors: U.SA.; Housing; Tax credits; Low in- sion and illustrations cover how: people were con- come groups; Low-rent housing; Rehabilitation; tacted, transportation schedules were made, Local government; State government participation increased,. redemption of WIC vouch- ers increased, some social services were expanded, 215 NAL Call No: TX361.W55W524 and no-show appointments decreased. Some nutri- WIC local agency caseload management tips. tion education was undertaken. (kbc) Providence, R.I.? : Rhode Island Dept. of Health, WIC Program?, 1985? 217 NAL Call No: aHT392.A53 1 v. (various foliations) : form ; 28 cm. Cover title. Will employment growth benefit all households? A case study in nine nonmetro Kentucky counties. Language: English Larson, D.K.; White, C.K. Washington, D.C. : The Service. Descriptors: Rhode Island; Food relief; Rhode Is- Rural development research report - United States land; Children; Rhode Island; Women; Rhode Is- Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service land; Nutrition; Reference works; Nutrition (55): 24 p. maps; 1986 Jan. Literature review. In- programs; Low income groups; Women; Infants; cludes 48 references. Children; Participation; Management; Case studies Language: English Abstract: Assistance is provided for caseload man- Descriptors: Kentucky; Employment; Growth; So- agement of local WIC agencies in Rhode Island. cial benefits; Households; Poverty; Income; Rural Factors that must be taken into consideration when areas; Models planning caseload management include 1) alloca- ted caseload, 2) actual caseload, 3) automatic Abstract: Extract: Overall employment growth in a categorical terminations, 4) terminations due to rural area will probably not benefit all households failure to pick up checks or recertify for benefits, or residents in that area. In a nine-county area of and 5) adds and reinstatements. Two case studies south-central Kentucky, rapid employment growth are used to demonstrate caseload management between 1974 and 1979 did create new job oppor- principles. Sample calendar flow sheets are pro- tunities. However, only 18 percent of the vided to record caseload figures and predict pro- households had members who took advantage of gram participation. new jobs. The employment growth also did not reduce the area's overall poverty level. About as 216 NAL Call No: TX361.W55W5382 F&N AV many households fell into poverty as left the The WIC Transportation Demonstration Project, poverty ranks during the study period. Some pop- Lee County, Alabama. ulation groups, such as households headed by Alabama Council on Human Relations. women, remained economically disadvantaged Auburn, Ala. Alabama Council on Human Re- despite the area's growth. Other groups, such as sources. the elderly, maintained their income status by 98 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (20 min, 30 sec.) relying on public and private income transfer pro- + 1 script (7 p.). Funded by USDA, grant no. 59- grams. 3198-0-90. 218 NAL Call No: HQ1064.U5E42 Language: English Work, retirement, and financial situations of the rural elderly. Descriptors: Instructional media; Adult education; Goudy, W.J.; Dobson, C. WIC program; Transportation; Rural areas; Rural New York : Springer Pub. Co. population; Social services; Participation; Nutrition The Elderly in rural society : every fourth elder / education; Low income groups Raymond T. Coward, Gary R. Lee, editors. p. 57- Abstract: A slide/tape presentation and narrative 77; 1985. (Springer series on adulthood and aging describes a demonstration project designed to ; v. 13). Includes references. utilize and coordinate existing transportation to Language: English enable rural WIC participants full program access.

35 46 Quick Bibliography Series

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Rural areas; Urban areas; Work; Employment; Retirement; Finance; Sex differences; Age differences; Poverty; Income; Research

219 NAL Call No: KF27.5.C48 1989f Working families at the margins the uncertain future of America's small towns : hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, hearing held in Washington, DC, April 11, 1989. United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,. iv, 158 p.:ill.; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Item 1009-B-10, 1009-C-10 (microfiche). Includes bibliographical references (p. 74). Language: English Descriptors: United States; Rural conditions; Rural poor; United States; Work and family; United States Abstract: This hearing examines both statistical and personal accounts of working families in America's small towns and rural communities. Topics include: the increase in rural poverty; work is a fact of life for low-income rural families; changing economy fuels poverty growth in rural American; low earnings few benefits characterize rural employment; rural poor receive fewer public benefits; and the relationship between rural economic stress and family stress testimony was received from local social service providers from rural areas.

47 Author Index

Adams, T.K.111 Coward, R.T. 165 Adcock, D.P. 199 Crccink, J.58 Aiken, C.S.118 Cunningham, M.L.174 Alabama Council on Human Relations.216 Dacquel, L.T.45 Albrecht, D.E.87 Daft, L.M. 182 Allen, J.E.1, 15, 183 Daniel, E.L. 115 Alter, G.4 Davidson, Osha Gray 16 Anderson, D.S.150 Davis, C.G.65 AR 13 Davis, L.6 Arrington, R. Jr46 Day, F.A.24 Backman, K.87 De Janvry, A.110, 205 Bailey, L.B.65 Deaton, B.J.89 Baker, S.L.14 Dcavers, K.L.22, 168, 169, 180, 190 Beale, C.L. 173 Deavers, Kenneth L. 116 Beauford, E.Y. 195 Debcrtin, D.L.44 Beaulieu, L.J.150, 188 Deseran, F.A.149 Bell, P.J.156 Dobson, C.218 197 Bellamy, D.S. Dolber-Smith, E.17 Bellinger, Mark73 Drolen, C.S.75 Bentley, S.93 Duncan, C.M.68 Bezold, C.L.154 Duncan, G.J.111 Bloomquist, L.E. 19 Breakey, W.R. 76 Du Vall, T. 122 Brown, D.L.22, 168, 169 Dwyer, J.W. 165 Brown, David L.116 Eggebeen, D.J.27 Brun, TA. 121 Elder, G.H. Jr 107 Calloway, D.H. 121 ESCS-EDD 96 Capper, CA.200 Farmer, F.L.145, 159, 171 Carter, M.V.9, 97 Farr, M.G. 11 Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Federal farm policies, their effects on low-income Bishops. Ad Hoc Task Force on Food, farmers and rural communities132 Agriculture, and Rural Concerns160 Figueroa, E.E.88 Cautley, E.36, 100 Fischer, P.J.76 Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (Washing- Fiser, R.H. 145 ton, D.C.) 101 Fisher, D.U.199 Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (Washing- ton, D.C.),Housing Assistance Council126 Fitchen, J.M.2, 38, 125, 138 49, 141 Chandler, B.75 Fitchen, Janet M. Chapman, D.D.50 Fliegel, F.C.23 133 Cho, W.K.196 Flynt, J. Wayne, Christakis, G.J.65 FNS54, 67, 155, 201 Christy, R.D.1, 3, 88 Forrest, J.D.55 Christy, Ralph C. 172 Franklin, David L. 161 Clarridge, B.R.153 Frate, D.A.83 Cleland, C.L.35, 72 Fuguitt, G.V.86 Clouser, R.L.42 Garland, William R.20 Colc lough, G.210 Gebremedhin, T.G.3 Coley, Basil G 62 Geissler, C.A. 121 Coley, Basil G.63 Getz, Virginia K.21 Conger, R.D.107 Ghelfi, L.M.137, 197 113 Cook, A.K.127 Gilbert, J. (ed.) Cook, A.K. (ed.)94 Ginsberg, L. 187 Coughlin, Kenneth M.COUView from the farm, Gladow, N.W. 109 special problems of minority and low-income Goetz, S.J.44 farmers132 Goodstein, E. 103

37 48 Quick Bibliography Series

Goudy, W.J.218 Lerman, D.L. 184 Gray, PA. 39 Libecap, G.D.4 Green, G.P.41 Lichter, D.T.27, 209 Greenstein, R.56 Lilley, S.C.99 Guggenheim, J.214 Lingafelter, R. 130 Gullett, B.104 Lingafelter, T. 130 Gwynn, D.B. 17 Lobao, L.M.60 Haas, Ellen 163 Loonin, Deanne123 Hall, H.H.204 Loose, E.E.33 Hamm, R.R.87 Luloff, A.E. 171 Hanks, G.C.176 Margcn, S. 121 Harrell, Marielouise W. 161 Markusen, A.R.136 Heasley, D.K. 193 Mason-Jenkins, G.82 Hill, F.117 McCann, C.C. 11 Hill, Walter A.,1946- 172 Mc Cray, J.W.13, 32 Hinton, A.W. 130 McDowell, D.R.139 Hite, J.C. 5 McGranahan, D.A. 12 Hoggart, K.92 McKenzie, R.T. 135 Hoover, G.A.97 McLaughlin, D.K. 140 Hoppe, R.A.57, 143, 194, 206 McLean, E.L.99 Hoppe, Robert A.21 McNamara, K.T.41 Horel, L.37 McWhorter, G.A. 164 Housing Assistance Council8,18, 61, 74, 129, Meyers, S.S.40 151, 175, 177, 178, 198, 202 Mikcsell, J.J.167, 184 Housing Assistance Council, United States, Dept. Miller, H.M. 105 of Housing and Urban Development77 Miller, M.K.50, 165 Howes, C. 136 Mindick, B.90 Hughes, D.128 Moland, J.J. Jr146 Hullett-Robertson, S.147 Molnar, J.J. 131 Ilvento, T.W. 171 Morgan, F.L.98 Jensen, Catherine Tim54, 67 Morris, Patricia McGrath73 Jensen, L.120 Morrissey, E.S.208 John, P.L.C.142 Morrissey, Elizabeth S.26 89 Johnson, T.G. Mullen, R.149 Kawamura, Y. 17 Munoz, R.58 Kirkman-Liff, B.L.34 Murdock, S.H.87 Klein, Linda155, 201 Murphy, C.C. 156 Knowlton, C.S.102 Nagy, M.C. 147 Kotelchuck, M. 14 National Cartographic Center (U.S.)134 Kravitz, Linda126, 202 Nelson, A.C.211 Kraybill, D.S.89 Nelson, M.C.195 Kutner, M.H. 51 Newman, K.M. 153 Kutner, N.G. 51 Nooe, R.M. 174 Larson, B.J.153 North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Larson, D.K.207, 217 University62, 63 Larson, Donald K.47 O'Hare, William P. 162 Lawhorne, L.28 Osbourne, G.L.9 Lazere, Edward B. 126 Page, A.T.146 Lee, J.E. Jr 191 Papini, D.P. 145 Leeper, J.D.147 Peterson, G.W.25 Leistritz, F.L.87 Philips, P. 148 Leonard, Paul A.126 Potter, L.87 Lerman, D.L167 Preston, D.B. 193

38 49 Author Index

Public Voice for Food and Health Policy73, 123, Structure of American agriculture132 163 Summers, G.144 Pudup, M.B.106 Summers, G.F.112 Pulver, G.C. 82 Swanson, L.E.43, 59, 70 Rash, J.O. Jr11 Swanson, L.L.45 Rausa, A.130 Tenny, Pieter Van Leeuwen 62 Ray, M.P.109 Thomas, J.K.114 Redfern, J.M.159 Thompson, A.15, 139, 183 Reeder, R.J.7 Tienda, M.120 Roberto, KA. 213 Till, T.E.192 Rochin, R.I.17 Tinker, H.28 Rodgers, Harrell R.186 Torres, A. 55 Roff, L.L.75 Traxler, G.131 Rogers, C.C.29, 119 Troutt-Ervin, E.D.98 Rosenbaum, S.128 United States Catholic Conference, United States Rosenfeld, SA.80, 81 Catholic Conference, Office of Publishing and Ross, P.J.80, 81, 208 Promotion Service160 Rucker, George W. 185 United States Congress Senate Committee on Runsten, D.205 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Subcom- Rural America, inc, United States, Community mittee on Rural Housing and Develop- Services Administration, United States, Dept. ment.95 of Agriculture.132 United States, Agency for International Develop- Sach, C.140 ment, Bureau for Policy Planning and Coor- Sadoulet, E.205 dination161 Saenz, R.114 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Saupe, W.E. 206 Research Service26, 47, 116 Saupe, William E.20, 96 United States, General Accounting Office, Re- Schulman, M.D.60 sources, Community, and Economic Develop- Scott, J.P.213 ment Division.91 Segal, W. 148 United States. Congress. House. Select Commit- Shapiro, C.H.90 tee on Children, Youth, and Families219 Shapiro, Isaac,101 United States. Congress. House. Select Commit- Shelby County Culture of Poverty Think Tank 69 tee on Hunger10, 66, 84 Shepard, M.F.170 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Shotland, J.53 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Sub- Shotland, Jeffrey123, 163 committee on Housing and Urban Af- fairs158, 166 Simon, D.204 United States. Soil Conservation Service134 Skees, J.R.43, 59, 70 Van Horn, J.E.193 Skinner, M. 56 Vandeman, A.110 Skinner, M.L.107 Vanlandingham, C.30 Slesinger, D.P.36, 100 Voss, P.R.86 Smith, E.D.157, 204 Voth, D.104 Sofranko, A.J.23 Voth, D.E.59 Southworth, L.E.25 Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Wagner, PA. 65 Infants and Children (U.S.),Alleghany County Weagley, R.Q.78 (Pa.), Health Dept.85 Wechsler, .1.71 Steinmetz, S.56 Weiher, Gregory186 Stinson, T.F.52 Weinberg, D.H.179 Stokes, C.S.145 Wheelock, G.212 Storer, J.H.83 White, C.K.217 Straub, LA. 64 Wilkinson, K.P.31, 189 Streeter, Deborah20 Williams, David Richard 63

50 Quick Bibliography Series

Williams, T. T.1925-172 Wilson, H.O. 79 Wright, R.H.159 Zweig, S.28

51 Subject index

Academic achievement176 Children25, 27-29, 54, 75, 76, 94, 119, 121, 127, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 76 153, 155, 201, 215, 215 Adolescents90, 107 Cholinesterase 121 Adolescents (12-19 years)65 Church and social problems160 Adult education216 Civil rights118 Adult learning71 Coal89, 106 Age 86 Common lands102 Age differences36, 145, 153, 176, 184, 207, 218 Community action108, 170 Aggression107 Community development79, 82, 138, 170 Aggressive behavior107 Community health services64 Aging138 Community involvement40, 130 Agrarian reform60 Community organization49 Agriculturaladjustment88 Comparisons27, 60, 114, 143, 174, 187 Agriculturalcolleges191 Computer software171 Agriculturalconservation61 Congresses61, 172 Agriculturalcrises165 Consumer education85 Agriculturaldevelopment5, 110 Cooperative extension service154 Agriculturalhouseholds195 Cooperatives3 Agriculturallaborers160, 172 Cost and standard of living47 Agriculturalpolicy70, 180 Counties55, 58, 89, 103, 122, 171, 179, 207, 210 Agriculturalproduction144 Crime76 Agriculturalstructure2, 3 Cultural activities113 Agriculture132, 160 Cultural behavior83 Alabama30, 75, 133, 147, 195, 210, 212 Cultural sociology165 Alaska67 Dairy farming2 American Indians67 Ddt 121 American indians120, 131, 136 Debt78 Arizona34 Decision making128 Arkansas13, 50, 104, 130 Delta states of U.S.A.159 Assets78 Demography19, 27, 28, 34, 124, 131, 139, 147, Balance sheets78 174, 184, 199 Basic nutrition facts85 Development plans70 Beliefs112 Development policy12, 15, 80, 81, 110, 170, 181, 205 Bibliographies142 Development projects68, 168, 169 Bibliography18 Diet147 Biotechnology144 Blacks1, 14, 15, 39, 58, 83, 88, 111, 113, 114, Dietary surveys147 118, 120, 131, 135, 136, 137, 140, 147, 164, 183, Diets83 188, 191, 192, 195, 210 Diffusion of information 9 California17, 121, 130, 148 Discriminant analysis196 Capacity80, 81 Econometric models78 Capitalism136 Economic aspects161 Case studies125, 141, 170, 211, 215 Economic assistance, Domestic84 Catholic Church 160 Economic conditions8, 18, 160, 162, 177, 178, Census177 185 Census, 19808 Economic depression122, 194 Censuses120 Economic development19, 39, 41, 43, 60, 68, 70, Change 19 80, 81, 103, 106, 122, 135, 144, 168, 169 Characteristics1, 19 Economic growth117, 143, 188 Child care54 Economic impact9, 27, 86, 88, 93, 107 Child Care Food Program54 Economic indicators 7 Child nutrition programs54, 201 Economic policy22, 168, 169, 180 Child rearing practices51 Economic resources87

52 Quick Bibliography Series

Economic situation17, 46, 157, 180 Food consumption53 Economic sociology24, 188 Food habits 161 Economically disadvantaged76, 88 Food industries148 Education1, 7, 27, 33, 36, 43, 82, 137, 188, 195, Food preservation154 200 Food prices73 Educational policy42, 80, 81 Food processing148 Educational programs98, 181 Food purchasing85 Educational reform44, 70 Food relief10, 66, 73, 84, 215 Elderly23, 36, 40, 64, 124, 138, 213, 218 Food safety 121 Elderly (65 + years)67 Food stamp program73 Employed women27, 100, 127, 140, 209 Food stamp programs67 Employment7, 12, 19, 36, 41, 42, 47, 48, 76, 111, Food supply73 120, 138, 173, 180, 181, 190, 195, 207, 210, 217, Geographical distribution94, 179 218 Georgia41, 47, 122, 130, 195, 201, 207, 210 Employment opportunities98, 117, 140, 144, 192, Government93, 122 207 Government policy73 Ethics102 Grants152 Ethnicity 51 Great basin and pacific slope 127 Extension 193 Grocers85 Extension activities 156 Groups203 Factor analysis 131 Growth33, 217 Factorial models171 Growth retardation 121 Families56, 57, 76, 97, 120, 154, 187 Handicapped persons200 Family economics20 Heads of families100, 140, 208 Family planning55, 90 Health33, 82, 121, 147, 153, 165, 207 Family problems107 Health and hygiene 123 Family size27, 184 Health care28, 34, 40, 64, 145, 165, 181 Family structure15, 23, 27, 37, 45, 51, 119, 127 Health care costs34, 64, 152, 153 Farm corporations132 Health centers64 Farm economics20 Health clinics55 Farm entrants 191 Health education 130 Farm families58 Health insurance28, 128, 153 Farm income58 Health protection 153 Farm indebtedness2, 22, 70, 87, 188 Farm life49, 132 Health services64, 83, 128, 145 Hired labor196 Farn, management20 Hispanics88, 102, 113, 114, 183 Far,. produce62, 63 History5, 24, 39, 56, 102, 106, 135, 210 Farm structure59 Homeless persons77 Farm surveys58 Homelessness 158 Farm workers131, 196 Homeowners78, 125, 184 Farmers16, 132 Hospitals28, 64 Farmers' attitudes 196 Household income58, 59, 78, 92, 93, 120, 167, Farming 60 184, 208 Farms116 Household surveys65, 97 Farms, Small96 Households114, 217 Fathers107 Housing18, 61, 75-77, 95, 118, 126, 129, 151, Federal government22 158, 166, 174, 177, 178, 198, 214 Federal programs56, 57, 79, 187 Housing authorities151 Females140, 155 Housing costs211 Finance64, 91, 166, 218 Housing policy129, 166 Fiscal policy7, 52, 70, 79 Housing subsidies95 Florida150 Housing, Rural18, 61, 74, 91, 91, 129, 151, 166, Folate65 175, 177, 178, 198

42 53 Subject Index

Human resources1, 12, 80, 81, 82, 88 Location theory179, 200 Human services69 Losses 107 Hunger83, 108, 130, 201 Louisiana6, 149 Idaho152 Low birth weight infants 14 Illinois23, 98 Low income154, 159, 187, 197 Income1, 7, 12, 33, 36, 44, 86, 91, 137, 143, 199, Low income groups3, 24, 25, 37, 54, 64, 67, 71, 217, 218 83, 89, 90, 98, 107, 115, 124, 125, 128, 130, 147, Income distribution24, 29, 40, 59, 89, 92, 122, 152, 153, 155, 157, 188, 194, 201, 210, 211, 214, 139, 157, 167, 181, 182, 194, 195, 207, 210 215, 216 Income maintenance206 Low-rent housing214 Income tax78, 93 Maine54 Income transfers93 Malnutrition53, 130, 160, 163 Indiana33 Management215 Indians of North America95, 166 Manpower policy, Rural47 Industrialization5, 22, 106, 210 Manufacture41, 192 Industry19, 39 Maps134 Infant mortality24 Marital interaction107 Infants123, 128, 215 Market competition34 Infants (To 2 years)155 Marketing62, 63 Information services176 Marriage36 Infrastructure42 Massachusetts14 Innovations9 Maternal nutrition147 Instructional media216 Maternity services28 Iowa78, 107 Maximum likelihood171 Iron nutriture65 Medicaid34 Job skills207 Medical policy123 Kentucky44, 68, 106, 155, 204, 207, 217 Medical services14, 33, 98 Labor19 Medicare206 Labor market1, 12, 42, 80, 81, 92, 100, 120, 207, Men 19 209, 210 Mental retardation76 Labor mobility144 Methodology75, 167 Labor productivity136 Mexican-Americans120 Labor requirements207 Migrant labor148, 211 Labor supply47 Migration22, 86, 138, 199 Land113 Minnesota152, 170 Land ownership103 Minorities112, 113, 114, 127, 154, 183 Land policy110 Mississippi39, 58, 83, 118, 130, 195, 210 Land transfers102 Missouri 152 Land use125 Models114, 167, 200, 217 Land use, Rural61 Montana152 Landlessness102 Mortality123, 145 Law and legislation91, 129, 158 Mothers25, 107, 128 Leadership82, 122 Mountain areas106 Legislation44, 88, 93 Multivariate analysis36 Less favored areas86, 154, 194, 197 Natural resources116, 181 Libraries176 Navahos 67 Literacy71, 80, 81 Neonatal mortality14 Literature reviews9, 28, 64, 112, 114 Networking213 Living conditions195 New Mexico4, 102 Living levels20 New York2, 38, 90, 125, 138 Living standards20, 93, 143 New York (State)49 Loans164 Non-farm income58 Local government52, 214 Nonmetropolitan206

54 Quick Bibliography Series

North Carolina11, 24, 62, 63, 71, 78, 195 Program development98, 168, 169 North Dakota152 Program effectiveness 154 North Eastern States (USA)189 Project implementation 130 Nutrient intake121 Psychological factors196 Nutrition73, 161, 163, 163, 215 Public agencies75 Nutrition education54, 85, 115, 130, 155, 216 Public assistance206 Nutrition policy84 Public expenditure44, 52 Nutrition programs85, 115, 156, 215 Public housing151, 198 Nutrition surveys53, 163 Public schools7, 200 Nutritional assessment83 Public services42, 52; 55, 75, 90, 181 Nutritional disorders53 Public welfare66, 186, 186 Nutritional state83, 121 Quality of life42, 59, 89 Nutritional status65 Race relations39 Obesity115 Races86, 127 Off-farm employment209 Racial differences65 Ohio108 Rangelands134 Oregon152, 211 Real income20 Organization of work148 Redistribution118 Outreach155 Reference materials85 Parent care213 Reference works215 Parent child relationships51, 107 Regional development46 Parent participation200 Regional surveys24, 75, 114, 174 Parents107 Regionalization19, 60 Part time employment209 Regression analysis114, 183 Participation67, 100, 215, 216 Regulations125 Patterns60, 183 Rehabilitation214 Rent 125 Pennsylvania124, 156 Research26, 28, 62, 63, 64, 76, 165, 218 Personnel200 Residential institutions76 Pesticide residues121 Resource development82 Policy182 Resource management20 Politics60 Retirement206, 218 Poor69, 77, 84, 91, 126, 129, 158, 166, 202 Retraining of farmers 181 Population change41 Rhode Island215, 215, 215, 215 Population density197 Rich County134 Population distribution118, 165 Risk125 Population dynamics22, 48, 192 Risks55 Population growth173 Rural20 Population structure 171 Rural areas 1,2, 7,9,12, 14, 15,17, 27, 28, Population, Rural185 38-40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 51, 54, 56-58, 60, 64, 65, Populism59 67, 68, 76, 88, 92, 93, 97, 98, 112-115, 121, 122, Poverty 1,2, 5, 7-9, 12,14,15, 17-19, 22, 23, 124, 125, 128, 135, 137, 139, 143, 145, 147, 148, 26-29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38-46, 48, 51- 53, 55-60, 152-156, 159, 174, 179, 183, 184, 187, 188, 200, 68-70, 76, 78-83, 86-88, 92-94, 97, 100, 102, 103, 201, 203, 216-218 106, 108, 110-114, 117-122, 125, 127, 130, 131, Rural communities2, 3, 19, 31, 37, 41, 59, 80, 135-140, 142, 143, 145, 148, 153, 156, 164, 165, 81, 86, 89, 117, 122, 138, 170, 171, 176, 193, 194 167-171, 173, 174, 176-184, 187, 188, 190-193, Rural conditions10, 16, 49, 73, 101, 126, 133, 195, 196, 199, 200, 203, 205, 207-209, 213, 217, 141, 162, 186, 202, 219 218 Rural depopulation176, 199 Pregnancy28, 147 Rural development1, 5, 12, 15, 31, 41, 46, 70, Pregnancy and nutrition 155 82, 103, 110, 116, 117, 133, 144, 161, 164, 171, Preventive medicine153 172, 173, 181, 188, 190, 191, 192, 205, 207, 210 Production structure148 Rural economy12, 22, 87, 89, 106, 122, 157, 168, Productivity144, 194 169, 180, 188, 190, 191, 194, 195, 199, 211

55 Subject Index

Rural environment90, 130, 176 Spatial distribution 131 Rural housing78, 79, 125, 138 Standardization27 Rural industry106 State government214 Rural planning122 States151, 151, 151, 151, 198, 198, 198 Rural poor8, 10, 16, 18, 21, 26, 47, 49, 61, 73, Statistical data60 77, 96, 101, 116, 123, 126, 133, 141, 151, 160, Statistics63, 123, 135 161, 162, 163, 172, 177, 178, 198, 202, 219 Stress107 Rural population23, 25, 34, 48, 53, 78, 82, 83, Structural change2, 22, 41, 59, 60, 88, 148, 157, 118, 120, 131, 142, 182, 184, 193, 195, 208, 213, 168, 169, 173 216 Students200 Rural society59, 71, 106, 165 Subsistence farming106 Rural sociology94, 176, 183 Substance abuse76 Rural unemployment98, 107, 136 Suburban areas211 Rural urban migration157, 174 Summer programs201 Rural urban relations12, 14, 24, 31, 36, 44, Supplemental feeding programs124 82, 111, 114, 119, 140, 167 Supply balance 125 Rural women28, 90, 100, 131, 209 Support systems98, 213 Rural youth29, 75, 107, 127 Tax credits214 School lunch programs201 Technical progress9, 144, 180 Self help130 Tenancy135 Sex 86 Tenants184 145, 153, 209, 218 Sex differences Tennessee25, 58, 72, 97, 135, 174 Sharecropping135 Tenure systems78, 125 Shelters for the homeless74, 77, 175 Texas114, 199, 213 Single parent families127 Training98, 130, 154 Small farms3, 58, 164, 196 Transportation216 Social aspects160 22, 24, 29, 52, 120, 125, 143, 173, 183, Social barriers112, 200 Trends 194, 209 Social benefits64, 217 2, 24, 39, 102, 170 U.S.A.1, 3, 7, 9, 19, 22, 27-29, 31, 36, 40, 42, Social change 45, 48, 51-53, 55-57, 60, 64, 70, 76, 79-82, 87, Social conditions16 88, 93, 100, 110-113, 117, 119, 120, 128, 136, Social crisis195 138, 140, 142-145, 157, 165, 167-169, 171, 173, Social development 103 176, 179-184, 187, 190, 194, 200, 203, 205, 208, 7, 17, 89 Social indicators 209, 214, 218 56, 57, 98, 187 Social legislation Underemployment 209 Social mobility148 Unemployment22, 45, 59, 122, 137, 157, 184, 138 Social participation 208, 209 Social policy76, 80, 81 United States**8, 16, 18, 73, 74, 77, 91, 95, 96, Social security206 101, 116, 123, 126, 129, 132, 141, 151, 158, 160, Social service, Rural186, 186 162, 163, 166, 172, 175, 177, 178, 185, 186, 198, Social services111, 157, 170, 187, 216 202, 219 Social structure197 Urban areas17, 27, 51, 122, 143, 156, 174, 187, Socioeconomic influences65, 85 218 1, 15, 40, 57, 89, 119, 120, Socioeconomic status Urban population25, 100 159, 183, 196 Urban renewal129 South Carolina14, 99, 195, 210 South central states of U.S.A.5, 46, 59, 92, 122, Urban rural migration31, 173, 211 137, 188, 191, 192, 195, 196 USA32, 146 South Dakota152 Utah134 South Eastern States (USA)35 Values25 South eastern states of U.S.A.5, 46, 59, 92, 103, Vermont37 122, 137, 139, 188, 191, 192, 195, 196 Virginia89, 106 Southern states of U.S.A.12, 15, 43, 86, 131, 143, Vocational training117 197 Volunteers154

56 Quick Bibliography Series

Wage rates207,209,210 Wages101 Washington94,109,152,154 Weight control115 Welfare206 Welfare economics93, 148 Welfare services37, 56 West Virginia10, 106 Western states of U.SA.127 WIC program85, 155, 216 Wisconsin153 Women19, 36, 55, 115, 124, 147, 215, 215 Work 218 Work and family219 Workers36 Working class 101 Working hours209 Working population 15 Workshops (programs) 181 Wyoming 67 Youth76 Youth programs127

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