Language Evolution to Revolution
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5 Years on Ice Age Europe Network Celebrates – Page 5
network of heritage sites Magazine Issue 2 aPriL 2018 neanderthal rock art Latest research from spanish caves – page 6 Underground theatre British cave balances performances with conservation – page 16 Caves with ice age art get UnesCo Label germany’s swabian Jura awarded world heritage status – page 40 5 Years On ice age europe network celebrates – page 5 tewww.ice-age-europe.euLLING the STORY of iCe AGE PeoPLe in eUROPe anD eXPL ORING PLEISTOCene CULtURAL HERITAGE IntrOductIOn network of heritage sites welcome to the second edition of the ice age europe magazine! Ice Age europe Magazine – issue 2/2018 issn 25684353 after the successful launch last year we are happy to present editorial board the new issue, which is again brimming with exciting contri katrin hieke, gerdChristian weniger, nick Powe butions. the magazine showcases the many activities taking Publication editing place in research and conservation, exhibition, education and katrin hieke communication at each of the ice age europe member sites. Layout and design Brightsea Creative, exeter, Uk; in addition, we are pleased to present two special guest Beate tebartz grafik Design, Düsseldorf, germany contributions: the first by Paul Pettitt, University of Durham, cover photo gives a brief overview of a groundbreaking discovery, which fashionable little sapiens © fumane Cave proved in february 2018 that the neanderthals were the first Inside front cover photo cave artists before modern humans. the second by nuria sanz, water bird – hohle fels © urmu, director of UnesCo in Mexico and general coordi nator of the Photo: burkert ideenreich heaDs programme, reports on the new initiative for a serial transnational nomination of neanderthal sites as world heritage, for which this network laid the foundation. -
Homo Heidelbergensis: the Ot Ol to Our Success Alexander Burkard Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Auctus: The ourJ nal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship 2016 Homo heidelbergensis: The oT ol to Our Success Alexander Burkard Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/auctus Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons, and the Biology Commons © The Author(s) Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/auctus/47 This Social Sciences is brought to you for free and open access by VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Auctus: The ourJ nal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Homo heidelbergensis: The Tool to Our Success By Alexander Burkard Homo heidelbergensis, a physiological variant of the species Homo sapien, is an extinct spe- cies that existed in both Europe and parts of Asia from 700,000 years ago to roughly 300,000 years ago (carbon dating). This “subspecies” of Homo sapiens, as it is formally classified, is a direct ancestor of anatomically modern humans, and is understood to have many of the same physiological characteristics as those of anatomically modern humans while still expressing many of the same physiological attributes of Homo erectus, an earlier human ancestor. Since Homo heidelbergensis represents attributes of both species, it has therefore earned the classifica- tion as a subspecies of Homo sapiens and Homo erectus. Homo heidelbergensis, like anatomically modern humans, is the byproduct of millions of years of natural selection and genetic variation. It is understood through current scientific theory that roughly 200,000 years ago (carbon dat- ing), archaic Homo sapiens and Homo erectus left Africa in pursuit of the small and large animal game that were migrating north into Europe and Asia. -
Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma -
Abstracts of Reports and Posters
Abstracts of Reports and Posters Amira Adaileh The Magdalenian site of Bad Kösen-Lengefeld The open air site of Bad Kösen-Lengefeld is located in Sachsen-Anhalt, Eastern Germany. It was discov- ered in the mid 1950´s in the immediate vicinity of the famous Magdalenian site of Saaleck. Since that time, archaeologists collected over 2000 lithic artifacts during systematical surveys. The technological and typological analyses of the lithic artifacts confirmed the assignment of Bad Kösen-Lengefeld to a late Magdalenian. Furthermore, the investigation of the surface collections brought forward information about the character of this camp site, the duration of its occupation and the pattern of raw material procure- ment. The fact that Bad Kösen-Lengefeld is located in a region with more than 100 Magdalenian sites fostered a comparison of the lithic inventory with other Magdalenian assemblages. Thus, allowing to spec- ify the position of the Lengefeld collection within the chorological context of the Magdalenian in Eastern Germany. Jehanne Affolter, Ludovic Mevel Raw material circulation in northern french alps and Jura during lateglacial interstadial : method, new data and paleohistoric implication Since fifteen years the study of the characterization and origin of flint resources used by Magdalenian and Azilian groups in northern French Alps and Jura have received significant research work. Diverse and well distributed spatially, some of these resources were used and disseminated throughout the late Upper Paleolithic. Which changes do we observe during the Magdalenian then for the Azilian? The results of petrographic analysis and techno-economic analysis to several archaeological sites allow us to assess dia- chronic changes in economic behavior of these people and discuss the significance of these results. -
What Makes a Modern Human We Probably All Carry Genes from Archaic Species Such As Neanderthals
COMMENT NATURAL HISTORY Edward EARTH SCIENCE How rocks and MUSIC Philip Glass on Einstein EMPLOYMENT The skills gained Lear’s forgotten work life evolved together on our and the unpredictability of in PhD training make it on ornithology p.36 planet p.39 opera composition p.40 worth the money p.41 ILLUSTRATION BY CHRISTIAN DARKIN CHRISTIAN BY ILLUSTRATION What makes a modern human We probably all carry genes from archaic species such as Neanderthals. Chris Stringer explains why the DNA we have in common is more important than any differences. n many ways, what makes a modern we were trying to set up strict criteria, based non-modern (or, in palaeontological human is obvious. Compared with our on cranial measurements, to test whether terms, archaic). What I did not foresee evolutionary forebears, Homo sapiens is controversial fossils from Omo Kibish in was that some researchers who were not Icharacterized by a lightly built skeleton and Ethiopia were within the range of human impressed with our test would reverse it, several novel skull features. But attempts to skeletal variation today — anatomically applying it back onto the skeletal range of distinguish the traits of modern humans modern humans. all modern humans to claim that our diag- from those of our ancestors can be fraught Our results suggested that one skull nosis wrongly excluded some skulls of with problems. was modern, whereas the other was recent populations from being modern2. Decades ago, a colleague and I got into This, they suggested, implied that some difficulties over an attempt to define (or, as PEOPLING THE PLANET people today were more ‘modern’ than oth- I prefer, diagnose) modern humans using Interactive map of migrations: ers. -
Paleoanthropology Society Meeting Abstracts, Memphis, Tn, 17-18 April 2012
PALEOANTHROPOLOGY SOCIETY MEETING ABSTRACTS, MEMPHIS, TN, 17-18 APRIL 2012 Paleolithic Foragers of the Hrazdan Gorge, Armenia Daniel Adler, Anthropology, University of Connecticut, USA B. Yeritsyan, Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, ARMENIA K. Wilkinson, Archaeology, Winchester University, UNITED KINGDOM R. Pinhasi, Archaeology, UC Cork, IRELAND B. Gasparyan, Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, ARMENIA For more than a century numerous archaeological sites attributed to the Middle Paleolithic have been investigated in the Southern Caucasus, but to date few have been excavated, analyzed, or dated using modern techniques. Thus only a handful of sites provide the contextual data necessary to address evolutionary questions regarding regional hominin adaptations and life-ways. This talk will consider current archaeological research in the Southern Caucasus, specifically that being conducted in the Republic of Armenia. While the relative frequency of well-studied Middle Paleolithic sites in the Southern Caucasus is low, those considered in this talk, Nor Geghi 1 (late Middle Pleistocene) and Lusakert Cave 1 (Upper Pleistocene), span a variety of environmental, temporal, and cultural contexts that provide fragmentary glimpses into what were complex and evolving patterns of subsistence, settlement, and mobility over the last ~200,000 years. While a sample of two sites is too small to attempt a serious reconstruction of Middle Paleolithic life-ways across such a vast and environmentally diverse region, the sites -
Antequera Dolmens Site Property from 20 to 24 September 2015
Technical Evaluation Mission An ICOMOS technical evaluation mission visited the Antequera Dolmens Site property from 20 to 24 September 2015. (Spain) Additional information received by ICOMOS No 1501 An interim report was sent to the State Party on 21 December 2015 requesting further information on development projects, extension of boundaries, protection and Heritage Impact Assessment. The State Party responded to these queries on 23 February 2016. Official name as proposed by the State Party The information is incorporated into the relevant sections The Antequera Dolmens Site of this evaluation report. Location Antequera Date of ICOMOS approval of this report 11 March 2016 Province of Malaga Autonomous Community of Andalusia Spain 2 The property Brief description The Antequera Dolmens Site is a serial property made Description up of three megalithic monuments; the Menga Dolmen, The Antequera Dolmens Site, located at the heart of the Viera Dolmen and the Tholos of El Romeral, and two Andalusia in southern Spain, covers 2,446.30 hectares natural monuments, La Peña de los Enamorados and El and comprises three megalithic monuments and two Torcal de Antequera. Built during the Neolithic and in the natural elements. Two megaliths, Menga and Viera Bronze Age out of large stone blocks that form chambers Dolmens, are located on a slightly elevated space, and spaces with lintelled roofs (Menga and Viera) or overlooking the fertile depression of Antequera. About false cupolas (El Romeral), and used for rituals and 1,700 m to the east of Menga is the Tholos of El Romeral, funerary purposes, the Antequera megaliths are widely from which the foothills of the Sierra de El Torcal rise up, recognised examples of European Megalithism. -
The Biting Performance of Homo Sapiens and Homo Heidelbergensis
Journal of Human Evolution 118 (2018) 56e71 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol The biting performance of Homo sapiens and Homo heidelbergensis * Ricardo Miguel Godinho a, b, c, , Laura C. Fitton a, b, Viviana Toro-Ibacache b, d, e, Chris B. Stringer f, Rodrigo S. Lacruz g, Timothy G. Bromage g, h, Paul O'Higgins a, b a Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, YO1 7EP, UK b Hull York Medical School (HYMS), University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, UK c Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArHEB), University of Algarve, Faculdade das Ci^encias Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal d Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile e Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany f Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK g Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA h Departments of Biomaterials & Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA article info abstract Article history: Modern humans have smaller faces relative to Middle and Late Pleistocene members of the genus Homo. Received 15 March 2017 While facial reduction and differences in shape have been shown to increase biting efficiency in Homo Accepted 19 February 2018 sapiens relative to these hominins, facial size reduction has also been said to decrease our ability to resist masticatory loads. This study compares crania of Homo heidelbergensis and H. -
Prof. D. Richter Publikationen
PUBLIKATIONEN (PEER REVIEWED) ResearcherID: A-1367-2011 ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1681-727X H-index: 19 62) Bai S, Cui P, Wang H, Richter D, Carling PA, Hu K, Tang J & Liu D (in Begutachtung) China’s Great Flood did not destroy the iconic Lajia Bronze Age settlement. Nature. 61) Ben Arous E, Philippe A, Falguères C, Shao Q, Tombret O, Mercier N, Richard M, Richter D, Lenoble A, El Hajraoui M & Nespoulet R (in Begutachtung) An improved chronology forof the Middle Stone Age in El Mnasra cave. Quaternary Science Reviews. 60) Murari MK, Kreutzer S, Frouin M, Friedrich J, Lauer T, Klasen N, Schmidt C, Tsukamoto S, Richter D, Mercier N & Fuchs M (in Begutachtung) Infrared Radiofluorescence (IR-RF): An inter-lab comparison. Geochronometria. 59) Tucci M, Krahn KJ, Richter D, van Kolfschoten T, Rodríguez Álvarez B, Verheijen I, Serangeli J, Lehmann J, Degering D, Schwalb A & Urban B (2021) Evidence for the age and timing of environmental change associated with a Lower Palaeolithic site within the Middle Pleistocene Reinsdorf sequence of the Schöningen coal mine, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 569, 110309. 58) Murari MK, Kreutzer S, King G, Frouin M, Tsukamoto S, Schmidt C, Lauer T, Klasen N, Richter D, Friedrich J, Mercier N, Fuchs M (2021) Infrared Radiofluorescence (IR- RF) dating: a review. Quaternary Geochronology 64, 101155. 57) Richter D, Kreutzer S, Preusser F, Lang A, Dornich K (2021) E DIN 44808-1:2021-02 - Chronometrische Datierung mittels Lumineszenz in Geowissenschaften und Archäologie (mit Schwerpunkt auf der optisch stimulierten Lumineszenz (OSL)) - Teil 1: Berichterstattung von Äquivalentdosen und Altersbestimmung. -
Functional Creativity by Molly Carpenter (Instructor: Jeff Arnett)
1 Functional Creativity by Molly Carpenter (Instructor: Jeff Arnett) The prominent writer and poet Oscar Wilde once said, “All art is quite useless.” In a literal sense, of course, art does not serve a utilitarian but aesthetic function. Artwork cannot feed an impoverished country or solve a worldwide issue, and it reflects subjective life experiences of the artist instead of life itself. Why then has art flourished as an integral aspect of humanity for tens of thousands of years? What evolutionary function, if any, did creativity serve for prehistoric hominids? Although perhaps unanswerable, these questions invite further contemplation of the dynamic connections between physical brain structure and human consciousness. Anthropologists have theorized ways in which specific brain adaptations gave prehistoric humanoids the evolutionary “edge” over other non-Homo species, and all agree that the rise of a conscious brain directly led to the formation of creative thought. However, as Robert Solso, an influential Russian psychologist, argues, “A serendipitous side effect of a complex brain capable of imagery and symbolic representation was the human tendency to search for understanding of the world and all things therein” (41). The ability to interpret abstract symbols created a world in which those that possessed creative skills—the advanced toolmaker, the resourceful leader, and the talented cave painter—gained a selective advantage over others. While creative thought may require consciousness, creativity did not emerge only after humans achieved biological evolution but, over time, became a necessary ingredient for it. Although creative activities serve leisurely rather than survival purposes today, creativity remains one of the few human universals regardless of any society’s political, economic, or 2 technological achievement. -
Language Evolution to Revolution
Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e38546 doi: 10.3897/rio.5.e38546 Research Article Language evolution to revolution: the leap from rich-vocabulary non-recursive communication system to recursive language 70,000 years ago was associated with acquisition of a novel component of imagination, called Prefrontal Synthesis, enabled by a mutation that slowed down the prefrontal cortex maturation simultaneously in two or more children – the Romulus and Remus hypothesis Andrey Vyshedskiy ‡ ‡ Boston University, Boston, United States of America Corresponding author: Andrey Vyshedskiy ([email protected]) Reviewable v1 Received: 25 Jul 2019 | Published: 29 Jul 2019 Citation: Vyshedskiy A (2019) Language evolution to revolution: the leap from rich-vocabulary non-recursive communication system to recursive language 70,000 years ago was associated with acquisition of a novel component of imagination, called Prefrontal Synthesis, enabled by a mutation that slowed down the prefrontal cortex maturation simultaneously in two or more children – the Romulus and Remus hypothesis. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e38546. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e38546 Abstract There is an overwhelming archeological and genetic evidence that modern speech apparatus was acquired by hominins by 600,000 years ago. On the other hand, artifacts signifying modern imagination, such as (1) composite figurative arts, (2) bone needles with an eye, (3) construction of dwellings, and (4) elaborate burials arose not earlier than © Vyshedskiy A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Mandibular Ramus Shape Variation and Ontogeny in Homo Sapiens and Homo Neanderthalensis
Journal of Human Evolution xxx (2018) 1e17 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol Mandibular ramus shape variation and ontogeny in Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis * Claire E. Terhune a, , Terrence B. Ritzman b, c, d, Chris A. Robinson e a Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA b Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA c Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA d Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa e Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA article info abstract Article history: As the interface between the mandible and cranium, the mandibular ramus is functionally significant and Received 28 September 2016 its morphology has been suggested to be informative for taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. In pri- Accepted 27 March 2018 mates, and particularly in great apes and humans, ramus morphology is highly variable, especially in the Available online xxx shape of the coronoid process and the relationship of the ramus to the alveolar margin. Here we compare ramus shape variation through ontogeny in Homo neanderthalensis to that of modern and fossil Homo Keywords: sapiens using geometric morphometric analyses of two-dimensional semilandmarks and univariate Growth and development measurements of ramus angulation and relative coronoid and condyle height. Results suggest that Geometric morphometrics Hominin evolution ramus, especially coronoid, morphology varies within and among subadult and adult modern human populations, with the Alaskan Inuit being particularly distinct.