FLETCHER Folk Songs and Art Songs

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

FLETCHER Folk Songs and Art Songs 48 MUSICAL AMERICA June 3, 1916 rhythm, rather than by delicate manipu­ titled ''The White Rose." Ignoring the lation of tonal quantities. They ride the fact that the wild rose is full of beauti­ MacDowell's Ideas of Best "rubato" horse to death. In so doing ful tint, they either give it a colorless in­ they widely depart from Mr. · Mac­ terpretation or an inanely distorted ru­ Dowell's ideals and intentions. bato one. The wild rose has a 1Jro­ Interpretation of His Music Mendelssohn is quoted as saying nounced color and consequently should "Strict time is so beautiful." be played with a rich, singing tone. His Mr. MacDowell had the same feeling idea was to secure :r;ichness of effect by J N playing Edward MacDowell's music; supplied to him, and he wished others to for exact rhythm. And yet no one, in variety of tone shading, rather than by nothing could be farther from his be stirred by the same sources. hearing his works as played by him, time shading. wishes than to pretend to give these I think by keeping his mind open .to could say that they gave the impression This idea extends into the larger works literary impressions he fed his sense of of being metronomic in style. as well; for instance, into the Largo of works the one and only possible inter- color and nuance. His compositions Just the contrary is true. They made the "Sonata Tragica," in which many . pretation, writes Mrs. MacDowell in have the warmth of the oil painting, you feel that t!:J.e rhythm was swaying, performers would make a tragedy more. The Music Student of Los Angeles, but rather than the cold exactness of the varying-yet it was not. Was it not real by murdering the time. I believe that I can pass on to my au­ etching or the steel engraving. Liszt who said the Chopin works should The public has its favorites among the Mr. MacDowell maintained the singer be played so that the melody swayed as MacDowell works, and these I am asked diences Mr. MacDowell's own feeling had a better chance than the pianist to the twigs and leaves on the tree, while to play most frequently, But there are concerning his compositions, for I was get hold of his auditors because of. the the trunk (the rhythm of the sustaining a number of little known works of his saturated with them through many years ability to inject and project that warmth harmonies) was unaffected by the that seem to me deserving of equal of intimate musical life, and I ·may add of personal feeling, the personal mag­ breeze ? So with a correct interpreta­ favor. For instance, there are the "Fire­ neti~m, so to speak; consequently, the tion of MacDowell's works. And yet side Tales" and the "New Erigland that what I have to say is of no value pianist must all the more eagerly avail this must be done with the greatest ar­ Idylls." save as a reflection of Edward Mac­ himself of every tone-tint possible on his tistry, with the nicest of discrimination; Some day .I hope the public will let me Dowell himself. instrument. otherwise, one produces but a caricature. play all I want to of these less popu­ Mr. MacDowell had that visionary, Very many performers of the Mac­ I might illustrate this by "The Wild larly known nieces, many of which are poetical nature which dreamed dreams Dowell music attempt to secure added Rose," one of his most popular composi­ even better than the ones more generally .warmth of coloring by changes of tions. Most people play it as if it were known. and peopled the woods and streams and hills and dales with fairies and elves­ and then pictured it all in music. Much Leo, Jan and Misthel Chernaivsky to FLORENCE OTIS FIRST WOMAN Orpheus Club of Springfield, Mass.; at of this tendency he attributed to his Visit Pacific Coast Holyoke, Mass., with the Brool-lyn Apollo Celtic blood, and the pranks of elves and Los ANGELES, CAL., May 20.-The L. SOLOIST AT THE BIENNIAL Club, John Hyatt Brewer, conductor, on the play of fairies were more real to him E. Behymer offices announces among the May 2, and with the- Orpheus Club of because of this blood strain. attractions for the present season the Sings Before 3o,ooo Members of Club Poughkeepsie, N. Y., on May 10, sing­ He haa a great love for imaginative ing arias and songs at these concerts engagement of Leo, Jan and Mischel Federation-Present Season literature and a most ardent desire to Chernaivsky, violinist, pianist and 'cell­ and winning well deserved ovations. On have his pupils read these fanciful tales ist, for a Pacific Coast tour, which will Augments Her Success May 17 she was soloist at a concert at as provocative to musical imagination. be repeated next season. The brothers Morristown, N. J., .with Henry Liff -and · He felt the creative impulse which it established themselves as a trio of vir­ his orchestra, singing the "Vissi d' Arte" tuosi at the ages of seven, eight and aria from. "Tosca," Gilberte's "Moon­ ten, when they created a sensation in light-Starlight" and W arfard's "The Russia, Germany and Austria. Sixteen Voice." ·· years have elapsed since they impressed Many private engagementE in and themselves on musical circles of Europe,' around New York have also been filled and they are now for the first time and in them· Mrs. Otis has made a con­ appearing in the United States. sistently worthy impression.. ,on May 26 she• was soloist with William Wade Hinshaw at the evening session of the Walter Rummel Gives Program of Vio­ Biennial of the Federation ·of Women's lin Music at Rochester Clubs at the Seventh Regiment Armory, ROCHESTER, N. Y., May 25.-The most New York. Mrs. Otis will also sing a important recital of the week was given number of engagements in June, after by Walter Morse Rummel, violinist, who which she will take a vacation until is teaching at the Rochester Conserva­ fall. Her concert engagements are un­ tory of Music this year. His first re­ der the management of Foster and cital several months ago revealed him David. as a violinist of the first rank, which estimation was more than confirmed by his fine program, and masterly playing GRACE CHURCH SINGERS HEARD last evening at the Fine Arts Building, Recital Hall. His program was largely Noted Soloists Aid Tali Esen Morgan's made up of Kreisler'.s compositions or Forces in First Concert arrangements, several of them by re­ quest. There was a small but very en- The choir of Grace M. E. Church, thusiastic audience. M. E. W. New York, gave its first concert on Fri­ day evening, May 19. Tali Esen Morgan led his singers ably in the "Soldiers' Cecil Fanning Soloist at Bowling Green Chorus" from "Faust" and compositions Photo M atzene Music Festival by Garrett, Leslie and Cowen. Kathryn LYDIA BOWLING GREEN, KY., May 15.-0n Florence Otis, Gifted American Soprano Platt Gunn, the violinist, scored in Sara­ May 11 and 12 Cecil Fanning, baritone, sate's "Gypsy Airs" and three Kreisler LINDGREN apP,eared at the Bowling Green Festival, DDING a number of real successes pieces and was given a hearty welcome. DRAMATIC SOPRANO fiiven by the State Normal School, sing­ A to her career this season, Florence William Wade Hinshaw made a great : Chicago Grand Opera Company Season 1915-16 ing the title role in Molique's "Abra­ Otis, the gifted New York lyric soprano, success in a group of songs and the CONCERTS AND RECITALS ham," besides being soloist at the after­ has made a notable advance in the con­ aria, "Largo al factotum" from Rossini's Exclusive Management: noon concert. There was much enthusi­ cert field. Mrs.· Otis has a voice of great "Barber." For Belle Story, soprano, R . E. JOHNSTON 1451 Broadway, New York asm from audiences of 1900 at each con­ charm, capable of both lyric and colora­ there was David's "Charmant Oiseau" cert. This was the sixth annual festival tura repertoire. Her concert work pre­ aria and Bemberg's "A Toi," while HOWARD here under the direction of Franz J. sents her in both departments -of song Paulo Gruppe, 'cellist, was well received Strahm, who when Novello failed to se­ and her success has been as conspicuous in pieces by Saint-Saens, Drigo and cure for him the orchestration of in one as in the other. ' • Schubert. The accompaniments for the WELLS "Abraham" made it himself. She has appeared as soloist with the various artists were played by Harry (Author of "Ears, Brain and Fingers") Gilbert, Alberta p_ Price and , Powell Formerly an assistant of Weaver. Leschetizky Now in America A New and Beautiful Constance and Henry Gideon in Well 5428 Kim bark Ave., Chicago Occupation Contrasted Song Program •• Cut otf !rom all possible for­ BosTON, May . 23.-Constance Ramsay eign music study, prospective Gideon, assisted by her husband, Henry JOSEPH 'i.. SCHUECKER musicians and teachers are Gideon, gave a program of contrasts at turning with interest to the the Twentieth Century Club, for the CONCERT HARPIST Garland Kindergarten Association. The Instructor of Harp at Carnegie Institute of first half of her list consisted of British Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa. FLETCHER folk songs and art songs. Beginning with the unaccompanied "Souling Song," "Private Master-Classes" she sang "I Know ·Where I'm Goin'," Music Method "Barbara Allan," "A Pretty Duckie," "It What Is This Method ? Was a Lover and a Lass," and, with Mr.
Recommended publications
  • Logic and Sets Clast Mathematics Competencies
    5 LOGIC AND SETS CLAST MATHEMATICS COMPETENCIES IE1: Deduce facts of set inclusion or set non-inclusion from a diagram IIE1: Identify statements equivalent to the negations of simple and compound statements IIE2: Determine equivalence or non-equivalence of statements IIE3: Draw logical conclusions from data IIE4: Recognize that an argument may not be valid even though its conclusion is true IIIE1: Recognize valid reasoning patterns as illustrated by valid arguments in everyday language IIIE2: Select applicable rules for transforming statements without affecting their meaning IVE1: Draw logical conclusions when facts warrant them 226 5.1 EQUIVALENT STATEMENTS The word logic is derived from the Greek word logos which may be interpreted to mean reason or discourse. Most of the study of logic revolves around the idea of a statement which we shall discuss next. T TERMINOLOGY -- STATEMENTS DEFINITION OF A STATEMENT EXAMPLES A statement is a declarative sentence which I will study today. can be classified as true or false. 2 is an even number. CONJUNCTIONS (p and q) Let e represent the statement "2 is an even If two statements are connected by the word Let w represent the statement "and" (or an equivalent word such as "but"), "2 is a whole number". The statement: the resulting statement is called a conjunction "2 is an even number and 2 is a whole and is denoted by p ∧ q. number" is a conjunction which can be written The CLAST simply uses the notation p and q. as "e ∧ w" or as "e and w". DISJUNCTIONS (p or q) Let h be: I will study hard If two statements are connected by the word and f be: I will fail the test "or" (or an equivalent word), the resulting The statement "I will study hard or I will fail statement is called a disjunction and is denoted the test" is a disjunction which can be written by p ∨ q.
    [Show full text]
  • Fraud Risk Management: a Guide to Good Practice
    Fraud risk management A guide to good practice Acknowledgements This guide is based on the fi rst edition of Fraud Risk Management: A Guide to Good Practice. The fi rst edition was prepared by a Fraud and Risk Management Working Group, which was established to look at ways of helping management accountants to be more effective in countering fraud and managing risk in their organisations. This second edition of Fraud Risk Management: A Guide to Good Practice has been updated by Helenne Doody, a specialist within CIMA Innovation and Development. Helenne specialises in Fraud Risk Management, having worked in related fi elds for the past nine years, both in the UK and other countries. Helenne also has a graduate certifi cate in Fraud Investigation through La Trobe University in Australia and a graduate certifi cate in Fraud Management through the University of Teeside in the UK. For their contributions in updating the guide to produce this second edition, CIMA would like to thank: Martin Birch FCMA, MBA Director – Finance and Information Management, Christian Aid. Roy Katzenberg Chief Financial Offi cer, RITC Syndicate Management Limited. Judy Finn Senior Lecturer, Southampton Solent University. Dr Stephen Hill E-crime and Fraud Manager, Chantrey Vellacott DFK. Richard Sharp BSc, FCMA, MBA Assistant Finance Director (Governance), Kingston Hospital NHS Trust. Allan McDonagh Managing Director, Hibis Europe Ltd. Martin Robinson and Mia Campbell on behalf of the Fraud Advisory Panel. CIMA would like also to thank those who contributed to the fi rst edition of the guide. About CIMA CIMA, the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, is the only international accountancy body with a key focus on business.
    [Show full text]
  • 8Th Grade Text Structure Lesson, Practice, and Answer Key (Study Island) 1
    8th Grade Text Structure Lesson, Practice, and Answer Key (Study Island) 1 ​Text Structure When you understand how the writer has organized information, you will understand and remember the text better. Writers organize text in several different ways. Cause/Effect The text shows that one event causes another thing to happen. Look for words like "because," "then," "since," and "as a result." Example: It rained for the first few days of the camping trip. As a result, most of the campers ​ were restless and wanted to go home. Comparison/Contrast The text shows how ideas or things are alike or different. Look for words like "best," "more," "better," "less," "worse," "easier," and "than." Example: The best time to visit the Rocky Mountains is early fall. The weather is cooler in the ​ fall than in the summer. You will see fewer people and more animals. The fall colors are more beautiful. Description When you want to paint a picture with words, use description to organize your ideas. To make the picture come alive in your reader's mind, use a lot of adjectives and describe what you would see, taste, smell, feel, or hear. Adjectives are words like "pretty," "sweet," "smooth," and "loud." Example: The cellar was cold, damp, and dark. It smelled musty and old. ​ Problem/Solution The text is split into two parts: One part presents a problem, and the other part gives the solution to the problem. Look for words like "problem," "solution," "solve," and "plan." Example: The city of Taylor has fifteen public swimming pools. In the past, plenty of lifeguards ​ have been available for staffing the pools throughout the summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Intel® She Will Connect: Connecting Women in Africa to Opportunity
    WOMEN AND THE WEB Bridging the Internet Gender Gap* BILLION Regional Internet Access Women’s Internet Access INTEL®USERS SHE WILL CONNECT 2.4ConnectingWORLDWIDE women in Africa to opportunity through technology. 79% 64% 28% 40% The Women and the WebEgypt 32% report16% outlined nearly 25 percent fewer women than men are online in emerging markets. In Sub-Saharan Africa that number rises to 45 percent. In response to the report’s findings, Intel and Mexico 34% 43% its partners committed to reducing the InternetIndia 8% gender gap by helping to put the Internet within the grasp of women in Africa. Women and girls willUganda 9% benefit from the information, knowledge, and connections available on the web and through information and communication technologies (ICTs). We are striving to enable the social IN ASIA andINTERNET economic ACCESS empowerment of women through access to opportunities, educational, financial, health and IN NORTH AMERICA 8% genderIS NEARLY specificTHA Tinformation, OF 28% e-governmentOF WOMEN services, and national and global news. Our goal is to reach 5 million AFRICA OF THE POPULATION IN INDIA HAVE women5X in the region byHAS the INTERNET end AC CESSof 2020.INTERNET ACCESS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE INTERNET GENDER GAP Women in developing countries frequently lack access to the Internet. Why Women? Women in developing countries are nearly 600 25% less likely to be online than men. 800 MILLION MILLION Women perform 60 percent of the world’s work, produce 50 percent of the food—but earn 10 percent of the income, and own 1 percent of the 43% 10% assets.
    [Show full text]
  • Ciao Florentina
    Ciao Florentina December 2011 Peace, Love Food! An Italian Christmas With Fabio Viviani - Contact - Contents – December 2011 Ciao Florentina - E-Mail/Online - [email protected] MENU www.ciaoflorentina.com Christmas alla twitter.com/CiaoFlorentina Florentina facebook.com/CiaoFlorentina - Customer Service - Shellfish Ciao Florentina takes pride in providing its subscribers with fast, friendly, small- Risotto town service. Subscribe – Give a Gift – Advertise Jacopo Falleni Letters: Mixologist To write to the editor, use the address above. Ciao Florentina is published monthly. All An Italian rights reserved. Subscriptions are free. Christmas No part of this publication may be used without written permission by the publisher. © 2011. Every effort is made to avoid errors, misspellings, and omissions. If, however, an error comes Fabio Viviani to your attention, please accept our Recipes sincere apologies and notify us. Thank you. Florentina’s - Staff - Favorite Things Florentina Lile – Founder - Editor in Chief Fabio Viviani – Chow Ciao Host Jacopo Falleni – Master Mixologist Cameron Davison – Executive Managing Editor Plus Tiramisu, the Library Bar, Must Watch Christmas Movies & More! Miha Matei – Photographer Front Cover – Florentina Lile and Fabio Viviani on the set of Chow Ciao – Photography by Miha Matei www.mihamatei.com 1 www.ciaoflorentina.com Letter from the Editor It has been a wonderful year and there's magic in the air all around me. I find more and more that everything always works together for good, so I'm learning every day to be grateful for everything and everyone in my life. I really had the best of times meeting and working with some of the most wonderful and talented people this year, playing with fabulous food and watching one of my dreams come true: the Ciao Florentina Magazine! My introduction wouldn't do the December issue any justice, so I'll just let you dive straight into the magic and artistic passion of those talented people who made it possible and who I'm honored to call my friends.
    [Show full text]
  • Music and Your Child a Guide for Parents and Caregivers
    Music and Your Child A Guide for Parents and Caregivers Kenneth K. Guilmartin Founder/Artistic Director Music Together Worldwide Lili M. Levinowitz, Ph.D. Professor of Music Education Rowan University Music and Your Child A Guide for Parents and Caregivers Music and Your Child: A Guide for Parents and Caregivers ©1989, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2017 by Music Together LLC. No part of this publication may be photocopied, recorded, stored, transmitted, or reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Music Together LLC, 174 Nassau Street #340, Princeton NJ 08542 (800) 728-2692. Music Together® Music Together is a music and movement ap- proach to early childhood music development for infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and kindergarten children and their parents, teachers, and other primary caregivers. Originally offered to the public in 1987, it pioneered the concept of a research- based, developmentally appropriate early child- hood music curriculum that strongly emphasizes and facilitates adult involvement. The Music Together approach develops every child’s birthright of basic music competence by encouraging the actual experiencing of music rather than the learning of concepts or information about music. For further information about our program, teacher training, parent education, child-safe instruments, or national or international classes, please visit: www.musictogether.com Contents Chapter 1 ...................................................................... 7 Music Is a Basic Life Skill • Your Role Is Essential Regardless of Your Own Music Ability • What Should I Expect of My Child? • What Should I Expect of Myself? • An Important Note to Remember • Hints for Music Together at Home Chapter 2 ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Spring & Summer • Wedding Family Style Dinner
    SPRING & SUMMER • WEDDING FAMILY STYLE DINNER Thank you for considering Oak Avenue Catering for your special day. It will be an honor and a pleasure to be a part of your wedding day. If you would like a better understanding of our services and pricing, we will be happy to confirm our availability for your day of choice and forward you menus and a preliminary proposal. In order to provide you with the very best experience we do require that you have the consultation of a wedding coordinator. More comprehensive and individually tailored proposals will be provided after a coordinator is confirmed. Your wedding day is comprised of multiple vendors coming together to create the perfect ceremony and reception. He or she will be able to present you with options for each vendor service and speak with vendors on your behalf to create the wedding you envision. We will be happy to provide a list of coordinators that we have been fortunate enough to partner with over the years. Each is as good as the next. If you have a preferred coordinator not on our list, we will be happy to approve the coordinator of your choice based on their experience and referrals. Wedding family style dinners are priced per person. Pricing is inclusive of a 20% service charge and exclusive of California sales tax. Service staff and chef labor are included for a 3.5 hour event. Additional event time will require additional event work hours. A minimum guest count of 50 is required. Please inquire about additional charges for parties of less than 50 guests.
    [Show full text]
  • Anisa Anisa Has Made a Lot of Progress at Playing the Recorder
    Anisa has made a lot of progress at playing the recorder during music. At the beginning of the school year, she really struggled to make a good sound on the recorder, as her fingers didn't cover the holes properly. However, her motor coordination has improved significantly and she is now able to play B, A, and G with clarity. In order to improve, Anisa needs to practice using her right hand to play low E and low D. I have been very pleased with Anisa's progress and I Anisa hope that she will choose to join the Recorder Club and pursue her music exams during Year 4. Bella has always enjoyed music lessons and she has done very well in Year 3. She quickly learned to play the recorder and is able to play lots of different pitches accurately. Bella has excellent listening skills, which has helped her to hear others while playing and to correct her own mistakes. Bella is learning two songs that she could play for a special music exam. I hope that Bella will join the Recorder Club during Year 4, as she will be able to make even more Bella progress on the recorder, and begin exams that will help to document her success. I look forward to what Bella can achieve in music as she gets older. Aymen has excellent musical abilities. Since he was in Year 1, Aymen has always enjoyed singing and playing instruments, and he is able to listen and copy simple rhythms accurately. His musical skills have benefitted him in Year 3, as he has learned to play the recorder.
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock Taps San Francisco, Chicago Development Veterans for Chief Executive Roles, Creates Community Growth and Development Team
    BEDROCK TAPS SAN FRANCISCO, CHICAGO DEVELOPMENT VETERANS FOR CHIEF EXECUTIVE ROLES, CREATES COMMUNITY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT TEAM • Ivy Greaner becomes architect of the visitor, resident and tenant experience as COO • John Costello to streamline development functions as CDO • Nadia Sesay to lead new Community Growth and Development team CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD HIGH RESOLUTION HEADSHOTS October 29, 2020 [DETROIT] – Bedrock is pleased to announce today the addition of three C-Suite leaders to help guide the 9-year-old Detroit-based real estate company into its next decade of visionary development. Ivy Greaner, Chief Operating Officer (COO), is to start Nov. 16., and John Costello, Chief Development Officer (CDO) will take on his new role beginning Monday, Nov. 2. Nadia Sesay will become Bedrock’s first Chief Community Growth and Development Officer starting Dec. 4. “Ivy, John and Nadia are the perfect additions to the talented team at Bedrock as we continue the important work of curating vibrant spaces and places, while working together to uplift the broader community,” said Kofi Bonner, Bedrock CEO. “Our programs and developments must represent and support the full diversity of Detroit and whenever possible encourage growing wealth and improving health outcomes, and I look forward to working with these leaders to better accomplish these imperative outcomes.” Greaner has nearly 30 years of experience as a real estate executive and investment leader of retail, commercial and multi-family projects in every region of the United States, from the Midwest, to the South to the West Coast. Most recently, she served as Executive Vice President and COO of Chicago-based InvenTrust Properties, a premier retail Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) that owns, leases, redevelops, acquires & manages open-air centers totalling 11 million square feet.
    [Show full text]
  • World Class Cuisine Meets Cutting Edge Truffle Science Gastronomique En Vogue Jan 2012
    Napa Truffle Festival World Class Cuisine meets Cutting Edge Truffle Science by Tim Polk Photographs by Faith Echtermeyer and Art & Clarity ay the words “black gold” to almost anyone around What Are Truffles? the world, and he or she will more than likely im- mediately think of oil – literally the main fuel that keeps our modern world running. From Persian Gulf Truffles have been a prized culinary treat for more than 4,000 Scountries such as Saudi Arabia and Qatar to the dusty-dry years. They have a distinct, even heady aroma that Robert plains of Texas, oil has made individuals, companies, and even Mondavi Winery Chef Jeff Mosher describes as “like the forest entire nations extremely rich. floor after a rain.” But whisper “black gold” to serious food and wine fanatics and So just what are truffles? They are the fruiting body, or spore, you’ll receive a different answer: truffles. Perhaps no other of an underground mushroom. Because truffles have no green food evokes such reverence, passion, or mystery. Why? Well leaves, they must attach themselves to host trees, such as for one, truffles are an act of nature, and thus are extremely oaks and filberts, and live off the trees’ root systems. Thus difficult to commercially harvest (though as we’ll see, some the truffle-tree symbiotic relationship benefits both: the trees are trying). This rarity leads to another of the truffle’s aura, give the truffles nutrients, while the truffles facilitate better its heady price. A pound of white truffles, for example, has a absorption of nutrients for the trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Red Riding-Hood
    LITTLE RED RIDING-HOOD CAST OF CHARACTERS Little Red Riding-Hood Mother Mr. Miller Bird Grandmother Wolf Wood Choppers SETTINGS Little Red Riding-Hood’s Home The Wood Grandmother’s House Scene I.—At Red Riding-Hood's Home LITTLE RED RIDING-HOOD is at home playing with a toy horse. MOTHER enters stage right. Mother: Would you like to go to grandmother's today, my child? The sun is bright and the air is warm and pleasant. Little Red Riding-Hood: Yes, mother, you know I always like to visit dear grandmamma. Mother: Then you may go. You may carry your little basket, and I'll put some honey and a jar of butter in it for grandma. Little Red Riding-Hood: Oh, that will be a nice present for her! And may I take her some flowers? Mother (putting the honey and butter in the basket): Yes, dear child. Gather some of those you like best. RED RIDING-HOOD takes some flowers from a pot on the windowsill. Little Red Riding-Hood: Here they are, mother—roses and pansies! Aren't they pretty? Mother (smiling, handing her daughter the basket): Very pretty and sweet. Now put on your little red cloak and take the basket. Be very careful as you pass through the wood, and go directly to grandma's house. Little Red Riding-Hood (putting on her cloak): Yes, dear mother. Nothing will harm me. All the birds and animals love me and I love them. Mother: Goodbye, little daughter. Give me a kiss and take my love to dear grandmother.
    [Show full text]
  • Promissory Fraud Without Breach
    PROMISSORY FRAUD WITHOUT BREACH IAN AYRES* & GREGORY KLASS** INTRODUCTION It is no doubt wrong to conflate promise breaking and lying. What parent has not heard a child say with no small degree of indignation, "You lied to me; you promised you would .... " Accusations of this kind can be evidence of conceptual confusion: You might be a scoundrel for breaking your promise, but you are not thereby a liar- someone who knowingly misrepresents an existing fact. The act of promising to do, or to refrain from doing, something in the future does not, by itself, give the promisor even the opportunity to lie.' But the action for promissory fraud suggests that our impulse to call certain promise-breakers "liars" is often correct. Promising is a single act with multiple meanings. According to the literal meaning, the speaker of the words "I promise to . ." puts herself under a certain obligation-an obligation to do the act promised. In many contexts, however, a promise to do something also represents an intent to do it. And as Lord Bowen stated in an early promissory fraud case, "the state of a man's mind is as much a fact as the state of his digestion.",2 By saying something about the promisor's present intent, the act of promising creates the opportunity to lie. We call this category of falsehoods "promissory misrepresentations" or "insincere promises."' 3 The idea is a familiar one in literature and popular culture. Consider the following episode * Townsend Professor, Yale Law School, [email protected]. ** Assistant Solicitor General, Office of the New York Attorney General, [email protected].
    [Show full text]