Q NRDC-GR Constitutes a Highly Capable, Adaptive, Reliable NATO HQ, Located at the Southeastern Edge of Europe, Ready to Cope with Future Challenges

“Inspiring Jointness”

Q s NRDC-GR June 2018 - December 2018 / Issue 11 erald EEXERCISEXERCISE “TRIDENT“TRIDENT JAGUARJAGUAR 2018”2018” TTHEHE LLASTAST OOFF TTHEHE KKINDIND

THE MAGAZINE OF NATO RAPID DEPLOYABLE CORPS - GREECE June - December 18/Issue 11 overview EDITORIAL BOARD Public Afairs Ofce Chief PAO/PAA OF-5 (HEA) Dimitrios GOUDAS EDITORIAL Chief Media OPS/D.Chief PAO/PAA OF-5 (HAF) Kostas ARAMPATZIS Chief PA Plans and Analysis OF-4 (HEA) Elias NIKEZIS Dear Readers, Chief Media & Intenet OF-3 (HAF) Grigorios CHRISTIDIS SO1 Media Ops OF-2 (HEN) Athina SMYRLIDOU Chief Production OR-9 (HEA) Georgios THEODOROU HERALD magazine is a military publication written by NCO Combat Camera OR-6 (HEA) Konstantinos BALAMPANOS NRDC-GR multinational staf and Subject Matter Experts from NATO and the Academic Community; in essence an oral ac- Communication Information count in print in the words of those who serve and collaborate Tel.: +30 2310 882452 / IVSN 451-2452 with our Headquarters combining their knowledge, experi- email: [email protected], email: [email protected] www.nrdc.gr Twitter: @NRDC-GR ence and academic background. Facebook: NATO Rapid Deployeable Corps - Greece YouTube Channel: www.youtube.com/user/nrdcgreece Additionally, the magazine ofers an extensive view of activities, seminars, conferences, training activities and exercises editorial - command group conducted by the HQ, as an extension of NRDC-GR website (www.nrdc.gr), bringing you closer to the military battle rhythm NRDC-GR HQs Commander’s address p.01 NRDC-GR HQs Deputy Commander’s Address p.02 in the frame of its efort to adapt the latest updates for all military functions in the nowadays complex and ever-changing special guests global operational environment. Military High Command and Political Direction p.03 Furthermore, we focus on providing you with the most USA Presence in Thessaloniki International Trade Fair p.07 current and informed perspectives of military, security, collab- Hellenic MPSOTC: 20 Years of Training Contribution p.09 orative activities, historical, science, cultural and other aspects of global interest. All of the articles have been written exclu- articles sively for the magazine. The views expressed in the articles are What Can the Art of War of Sun Tzu Teach Us About Strategy p.11 those of the contributing writers and do not represent the of- United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, cial opinions of NRDC-GR or NATO. Peace and Security: A Milestone Step for Prevention, Participation, Protection, Relief and Recovery p.15 Up to now 2018 has been a very busy year, full of CULAD at a First Sight p.18 Approaching to Hybrid Warfare Concept p.21 achieving objectives and overcoming challenges, as Cybersecurity In Internet of the Things (IoT) p.25 NRDC-GR worked with other members and organizations The ACO International Legal Conference 2018 p.30 from the Hellenic National Defense General Staf, NATO “Trident Jaguar 2018” The Last of the Kind p.34 Mutual Training Activities for J8 Staf of GRF(L) HQs p.38 community, Afliated Formations, Academic and Interna- tional Community to the roadmap to its upcoming role as seminars - conferences Joint HQ according NATO Long Term Rotation Plan from this summer. Completion of the Hellenic Language Course in NRDC-GR p.39 Internship Program Concludes Successfully p.40 The Public Afairs Ofce would like to express its ap- NRDC-GR Conducts Advanced FAST FAS & Dynamic Targeting p.41 NATO Close Air Support Conference p.42 preciation to the contributing guests and writers. We really Setting Sail for Exercise Gordian Knot 2019 p.43 value your contributions, criticisms, and praises in our goal Military Engineer’s “DIADES of PELLA” Seminar in NRDC-GR JHQ p.44 of informing on the latest developments at NRDC-GR HQ HNDGS Organizes the 14th Plenary in NRDC-GR JHQ p.45 PEGASOS 2018 Seminar in NRDC-GR JHQ p.46 and beyond. NRDC-GR Organizes the Senior Resources Committee Meeting p.47 NRDC-GR Hosts the TOPFAS Users Group Meeting p.48 Any input and ideas you may have to improve the experience we deliver are greatly appreciated, and we welcome indi- community relations viduals who wish to write to be included in our next magazine issue. Before closing, the Public Afairs Team wishes you and Defence Attaché Visit NRDC-GR p.49 NRDC-GR Honors Romanian Flag Day p.50 your families, health and prosperity, and all the best in your en- NRDC-GR Honors French National Day p.51 deavors and eforts for the new year. Hellenic Alternate Minister of Defence Visits NRDC-GR HQ p.52 USA Defence Attaché Visits NRDC-GR HQ p.53 Very Respectfully, US Senator Visits NRDC-GR HQ p.54 Serze Lazaref Prize p.55 United Kingdom Joining Ceremony to NRDC-GR JHQ p.56 UK Defence Attaché Visits NRDC-GR HQ p.57 NRDC-GR Celebrates the German Flag Day p.58 NRDC-GR celebrates the Spanish National Day p.60 NRDC-GR Participates in the 7th International Thessaloniki Dimitrios GOUDAS Half Marathon p.62 OF-5 (HE A) NRDC-GR Celebrates the Turkish National Day p.63 NRDC-GR Public Afairs Ofce NRDC-GR Celebrates the Italian National Unity & Armed Forces Day p.64 Chief PAO/PAA NRDC-GR Celebrates the Polish National Day p.65 NRDC-GR Celebrates the Albanian National Day p.66 NRDC-GR Community Activities p.67 editorial COMMANDER NRDC - GR LIEUTENANT GENERAL DIMITRIOS BIKOS

Term Rotation (Commitment) Plan, GR JHQ as Participating Nation, com- NRDC-GR is in standby period from 1st pleting a road map started with the July 2018 to 31st Dec 2019, since after its 13th Plenary in 2017. successful evaluation the HQ was certi- Additionally, during this period fed as a Joint Task Force Headquarters, NRDC-GR had the honor to host and capable to undertake the command and support the NATO Close Air Support control of a Small Joint Operation, Land (CAS) Conference 2018, organized by Heavy. NRDC-GR JTF HQ has adopted HQ AIRCOM’s FAC Capabilities Sec- the “Integrated” model, thus perform- tion and Air Liaison Ofce. The event ing the operational (JHQ) and tactical took place at the Army Ofcers’ Club, (LCC) levels simultaneously. On the oth- from 24th to the 28th of September, er hand, it retains for the long term the with the participation of 185 ofcers core capabilities as an HRF HQ. from 30 NATO and non-NATO coun- I would like to highlight one of our tries, focusing on harmonizing capa- challenges for the upcoming period, bilities, standardization, and training which is the integration of information across the Alliance CAS enterprise. staf functions and communication ca- From 2nd to 11th of June 2018, As NRDC-GR COM I had the priv- pabilities in a new pillar, called “Commu- NATO Rapid Deployable Corps- ilege to participate at the LANDCOM nications Division”. Our aspiration with Greece conducted the exercise “TRI- Corps Commanders’ Conference, this innovative structure is to perform DENT JAGUAR 2018”, which served hosted by NATO Rapid Deployable better our mission by bringing together as the fnal stage of a roadmap for its Corps – Italy, from 24-26 Sep 2018, STRATCOM, PAO, CIMIC, Efects and In- transformation to a Joint Task Force with the participation of more than 40 fuence FAs. I fully believe that this Divi- HQ. Some 1,300 troops from 26 Na- NATO and Allied fag ofcers as well sion, charged with the preparation – co- tions participated in the exercise, with as key leaders from across Europe. ordination – implementation of the HQ’s valuable contribution of ACT, JFCBS In the conference, themed as “How communication policy, will succeed in and JWC along with other NATO and we fght: Linking Tactical Actions to understanding and shaping the infor- National HQs as well as Participating Strategic Objectives”, we had the op- mation environment. Nations. portunity to discuss important issues, Having completed its transforma- NRDC-GR had the great pleasure for the present and the future of the tion to a Joint Task Force (Land) HQ, to welcome its new Deputy Com- Alliance, in the context of the land do- NRDC-GR constitutes a highly capa- mander, Major General (BGR) Ivan main, involving the collective defense ble, adaptive and reliable NATO Force ORTOMAROV, assigned after the of Europe and analyze SACEUR’s di- Structure HQ, ready to cope with any decision of the Bulgarian MOD, but rective concerning the current opera- future demanding operational chal- also to farewell the departing Depu- tional environment. ty Commander Major General (BGR) lenges. Strengthened by the high level Concluding, it is my pleasure to pres- Dimitar ILIEV, who has been assigned of training and professionalism, along ent the latest edition of our NRDC-GR the duties of the Deputy Chief of the with hearty cooperation and willing- HQ’s Herald Magazine, with an even Bulgarian National Defense General ness of its personnel, the HQ refects more detailed view of the training and Staf. We wish Dimitar all the best for our Contributing Nations’ dedication social events of the HQ during the last the future, and the new Deputy luck and commitment to the Alliance pro- semester, as well as the preparations for and success to his duties. jecting stability at the South Flank of the way ahead. NATO in the context of NSD-S. Moreover, we welcome the United In accordance with the current Long Kingdom Contingent joining to NRDC- 01 editorial DEPUTY COMMANDER NRDC - GR MAJOR GENERAL IVAN ORTOMAROV

But as September started and frst ever Multi Corps LCC for MJO+ oper- then October followed the HQ ations. This will put the personnel of the started living in its normal routine HQ under the highest pressure but will and events started rolling one af- give us the ability to set the standard in ter another. I was given the oppor- the future Allied operations. tunity to chair many of them and Moreover, NRDC-GR will become to take part in courses, seminars stronger and more versatile with the and also had many honorary du- adoption of the new structure. In the ties. ever changing security situation in the Now I have the ability to posi- World the creation of the Communi- tively identify the true potential of cations Division will enable our HQ to NRDC-GR. It is not by chance that shape the information environment in our HQ was certifed as a JHQ. The our favor and to dominate the battle personnel performs its duties with space in the feld of communication and As the days have passed and the high professionalism, the organization is engagement. seasons started to change, it came the smooth but open for improvement and moment in which I am able to share my One thing is sure, as we stand all the processes are well organized and frst impressions about NRDC-GR, the united in our efort to improve our- are giving excellent results. I know that atmosphere, the organization and most selves no obstacle is big enough and in the heat of the battle it is not easy important the people I met and contin- no barrier high enough to stop our for the individual staf ofcer and his/ ue meeting every day. determination to strive for achieving her manager to acknowledge the work excellence. It is difcult to base one’s impres- done so far. But from my perspective sions about a new place coming in the I can positively say that all of the men midst of summer and right after a mas- and women in uniform serving in NRDC- sive event like the exercise TRJR18 which GR can be proud from what they have served as the certifcation of NRDC-GR achieved and should have no doubts as a “Stand By” JTF HQ for the period about the future of the HQ. 2018-2020. It was more than normal This high esteem is shared also by the for the personnel to take their well-de- leadership of the Alliance. One proof is served rest and to enjoy the wonderful the evaluation report from the exercise summer in Greece. There were not too TRJR18. In it the creation of the Commu- many things happening in the head- nication and Engagement Coordination quarters and I had the time to get ac- Centre was presented as Best Practice in quainted with the facilities, some of the the feld of communication and engage- procedures and the basic doctrinal doc- ment. Another achievement is the lead- uments. All of this while breathing the ing role that NRDC-GR will play in the air of the vibrant city of Thessaloniki and new Long Term Commitment Plan as the getting to know the surrounding area.

02 special quest

“MILITARY VS POLITICAL LEADERS: A CRITICAL RELATIONSHIP”

Dr. Kleanthis Kyriakidis is a Commander of the Hellenic Navy, in the process of retrement. He has three Masters’ Degrees, two from the Naval Postgraduate School (MS in Physical Oceanography and MA in Middle East Studies with Distncton) and a Masters in Public Administraton obtained at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government (Lucius Litauer Award). His PhD from the University of the Aegean deals with Politcal Islam. He has published seven history and politcal science books, co-authored another six and more than 250 artcles dealing with a wide scope of diverse contemporary issues mainly in American and Greek journals. He has taught to various Insttutons around the Globe as a guest lecturer and he teaches “Globalizaton” at the NATO Defense College. He has partcipated in more than 50 internatonal conferences. Dr. Kleanthis KYRIAKIDIS He has been a Senior Editor for the Political Scientist Harvard Kennedy School Review and is a member of the Board of Administrators “War is too important to be left to uisites for the regime to be considered of the Academy for Strategic Analyses, the generals”, remains Georges Clem- a democracy in the frst place and the of the Insttute for the Study of Hellenic enceau’s main contribution to the re- relation between military and political and Arab Communites and of the Hel- lenic Insttute of Cultural Diplomacy. He lation between the military and the leaders is clearly defned. The political is a Senior Consultant of Strategy Inter- political leaders in war time. The Kai- leaders choose, theoretically based on natonal Insttute and a member of the ser’s Chiefs are deemed responsible meritocracy, the best military leaders Scientfc Board of the GEOPOL Insttute. for mishandling the Sarajevo crisis and and give them the tools to guarantee He is also a member of the European driving the Second Reich into the First the defense of the country and its sov- Consortum for Politcal Research, the World War. In general khakistocracy, a ereign rights. In reality, in all countries Internatonal Politcal Science Associa- ton, the Internatonal Public Policy As- term used to defne the military rule, meritocracy is an unattainable aim and sociaton, the Hellenic Society of Inter- (usually with the help of the economic the tools are never given in full to the natonal Law & Internatonal Relatons elite) over the civilian one is to blame military leaders. Nonetheless, the real and the American Academy of Politcal for many historical disasters and thus it test as regards to the relation between Science. leads to kakistocracy, a system of gov- the two comes frstly in crises and sec- ernment which is run by the least qual- ondly and most importantly in wartime. and thus for losing a war. However, it ifed citizens. would be an oversimplifcation to state Many times in history generals have that the political directions win the day. In democracies, the civilian rule over been blamed for failing to understand There is always the problem of avoid- the military is one of the main prereq- the political implications of their actions

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Lincoln had to fre many of his generals and should not be blamed for doing so. He also overruled his senior military advisers in order to achieve his political aim and this is actually how the Civil War started since Lincoln insisted on non-evacuating the isolated garrison of Fort Sumter. Lincoln used to receive and send in the days of battle as many as 10-15 messages to his generals, thus partly directing or at least infuencing the conduct of the battle himself. What is the lesson learned from Lincoln’s case? Stating clearly one’s political aims ing or neglecting one’s responsibilities. amine John F. Kennedy as a successful (not fring the frst shot and not allowing Sometimes the Political Direction is re- leader in handling a crisis (the Cuban any external support) and military aims ally vague in the sense of giving direc- Missiles’ one) contrasting him with Kai- (crushing the army of the adversary, not tions like “win this war” or “defeat the ser Wilhelm II who failed to do so, some- capturing its capital city or decapitating enemy”. When the military fail to do so, thing which led to the First World War. its leadership, attacking simultaneously or while doing so committing unethical Last but not least we will also deal with on all fronts) . Then, the political leader actions the political leadership might the special case of Winston Churchill, gives a “carte blanche” to the military, refrain from taking any responsibility. Of successful but certainly not an example only when he fnds a general that is on course some military leaders try to have to follow, since his relations with his mil- the same wave length and completely very clear orders from their political su- itary commanders was at best a strained understands and supports the afore- pervisors on any single detail in order to one. The choice of leaders excludes not mentioned aims. be able to blame others for any humil- only the political leaders of non-demo- The best example of a political lead- iating defeat. Some political or military cratic countries which is a sine qua-non, er that knew the level of pressure and leaders simply remain undecided and but also certain political leaders that control that he should put on the mili- try to gain some time, but especially in have huge and respected military ca- tary leaders is probably the Greek Prime crises and wars usually time is essential reer as during World War II, Wladyslaw Minister Eleftherios Venizelos in 1912 and is not an ally, it is an adversary. Sikorski, Ioannis Metaxas or Charles De during the frst Balkan War, which led Gaulle. For such leaders it is easier to Assuming that both the military and to the liberation of half of Greece. Veni- intervene in military details, although political leaders assume their respon- zelos agreed with his Slav counterparts most of them usually do not. sibilities and act in due time, we need to enter the war because the Hellenic to examine what is the proper degree Starting with Lincoln, he had no mil- Fleet could stop the Ottoman one from of intervention from the civilian to the itary background whatsoever. He tried bringing reinforcements to the Conti- military rulers during a crisis or a war in to follow the war to the last detail and nent from Asia Minor and North Africa. order to discover the recipe of success. used to discuss strategy with his military The Allies welcomed the proposal with- In order to do so we will examine Lin- leaders. Most of his generals were of lit- out reaching any prior agreement on coln in the Civil War and Venizelos in the tle or no value or in any case facing far the future of Macedonia in a silent frst First Balkan War as successful and the better leadership from the Confederate comes frst keeps deal. Venizelos chose duet Lyndon B. Johnson and McNamara side. Robert Lee or Stonewall Jackson as the Commander of the Fleet Admiral in the Vietnam War as unsuccessful war- had no par in the numerous McClel- Kountouriotis, an aggressive ofcer who time political leaders. We will also ex- lans, Buells or Burnsides of the Union. had the exact same position as regards

04 special quest the naval strategy and a respective op- the Military High Command and the Po- and the rigidity of the war plans, which erational plan. He also gave an order to litical Direction is critical and it can be based their success on rapid ofensive the Crown Prince who was leading the an efective instrument if both parties action, were among the main contrib- troops in land to move rapidly towards play their role. In Vietnam, both the mili- uting factors for the outbreak of the Thessaloniki. In that sense, as Lincoln tary and the political leaders failed to do war. The notorious “Fischer thesis” sug- did, he was also clear in his desired po- so. In the end, the political leaders are gests that German’s domestic politics litical end-state and he even intervened to blame for not choosing the military deliberately started the war in order to in order to see that the military cam- leaders that can materialize their end- achieve “hegemony over Europe”. Luigi paign did not derail (there was a famous states. But did they have a clear one? Albertini notes that “in 1914 neither the dilemma of the Greek Army to move The truth is that neither President John- Kaiser nor his Chancellor wanted a Euro- towards Monastery - nowadays Bitola son, nor Bundy, nor McNamara believed pean war”. The German generals should or Thessaloniki). What is even more im- in victory or had a clear idea what the not be solely blamed either, since they portant, when his Admiral was ordered end-state should look like, since South faced the possibility of a war in two by the War Minister to do something Vietnam had not demonstrated any will fronts and their only hope to win it was that would jeopardize his main mission capacity to prevail against the North. through a lightning campaign against and he refused to do so, Venizelos un- one of the two opponents (either Rus- In times of crises we can also trace derstood that the Admiral was right and sia or France). Hence, they asked for a this tension between the political and that his military leader was actually keen frst strike and Kaiser concurred but up the military leadership. A classic exam- on achieving the same political and mil- to the last moment it was Kaiser who ple is the Cuban missile crisis. The op- itary end-state. Therefore, he cancelled mishandled the crisis, which led to the tions given to President John F. Kennedy the order. Concluding, in Venizelos case war. Prior to the war, I do not think that were full scale invasion or air raids, risk- we have an addition to our lessons General Moltke the Younger won over ing or certainly bringing about a nuclear learned. When the political leaders un- Chancellor Bethmann, or that the Gen- war. The President through diplomatic derstand that their generals or admirals eral Staf dragged the Kaiser to war. The pressure and a blockade, which he not only understand, but wholeheart- lesson learned is exactly the same as in termed “quarantine” in order not to pro- edly embrace their political and military the Kennedy case, this time proven by a voke a war, tried and in the end averted end-states, they should leave the war to failure and not a success. the collision course. The lesson learned the professionals. from this case is that the military lead- Probably the most interesting case is On the other hand, the indecisive ers should always have in mind how Winston Churchill, because most of the American President Lyndon Johnson they can give a big palette of options suggestions that we made and the in- and his famboyant Minister of Defense, to the political leader. They can provide sights of other cases are negated. Chur- McNamara scrutinized the military the tools for escalation or de-escalation, chill had a huge ego, his relationship plans, even checking the target list of they can try to be innovative and see with his generals was at best mediocre, the bombers during the Vietnam War. how the armed forces can assist with- never friendly and many times hostile, The detailed intervention was also a out provoking a war, unless this is the he had some unclear or even dangerous sign of mistrust towards their subordi- desired end-state by the political leader. ideas and in the end he is the last can- nates and it is true that they were not didate to be considered as an example Sometimes the generals, drive the to blame since their Chiefs and General of a wartime leader and defnitely not decision during a crisis towards war, Westmoreland who waged the war were someone to emulate in civil- military leaving practically with no options the constantly giving them unclear or even leadership working relations. “Winston political leader. The most notorious ex- contradictory narratives. Who is then had ten ideas every day, only one of ample is the outbreak of World War I and to blame for the failure? The answer is which was good, and he did not know the German military leadership attitude. that, as you can see in the title of this which it was”. This is the opinion of his Actually, the poor civil-military relations, presentation, the relationship between Chief of Imperial General Staf and un- the system of interlocking mobilizations 05 special quest doubtedly one of the best British gen- military leaders by the civilian ones. References: erals and strategists, Alan Brooke. Even They should avoid the absolutely obe- 1“With his characteristic pithiness – ‘La his admirers like Eliot Cohen admit his dient ones. The military leaders should guerre – c’est une chose trop grave pour la confer a des militaires’ – Clemenceau was in instability, although they try to sugar- be able to state their opinion and where fact reclaiming Clausewitz’ s true original prop- coat it and even his harsher critiques like necessary insist depending on what is at osition”. Mallinson, Allan. (2017). Too Important John Chamley admit his genius, despite stake. All leaders (military and civilian) For the Generals (London: Transworld Publish- ers), 5. that they try to throw him of the ped- should try to form a winning team: They 2“Before any of his generals or advisers, estal of History. The success in the end should choose their subordinates, get Lincoln understood that the only way to whip was due to this strange relationship be- the most out of them and make them the hard-fghting Confederates was to hit them tween the two men. Brooke completely cooperate with each other. And as we with coordinated attacks in all theaters. Only that way could the Union bring to bear its tre- understood and tried to adhere to the saw, this is neither self-evident nor easy. mendous advantage in manpower and war political imperatives of Churchill’s grand resources”. See Oates, Stephen. (2007). Abra- Last but not least, concerning the ham Lincoln (Amherst: Harper Collins), 126. strategy, while never accepting or fol- boundaries, common sense prevails: 3Fotakis, Zisis. (2005). Greek Naval Strat- lowing an order that he thought useless The successful political leader defnes egy and Policy 1910-1919 (London: Rout- and dangerous. It was not the disagree- ledge), 44. the political and probably some limited ment between the two men, but the 4VanDeMark, Brian. (1991). Into the Quag- military end-states, chooses the military disagreement that brought up success. mire (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 95. leadership and observes the conduct of Churchill knew that Alan Brooke would 5“[JFK] also repeatedly acted to prevent, war and its political implications. Then, never tell him “yes” if he was in disagree- postpone, or at least question the wisdom of he or she intervenes as little as possi- potentially provocative measures such as: min- ment. He had to convince him. And vice ing international waters around Cuba, declaring ble. To scrutinize tactics, defense tech- versa. Brooke many times insisted and war in conjunction with announcing the quaran- nology, or to press for the promotion tine, extending the quarantine to Soviet aircraft sometimes achieved the reversal of un- or dismissal of anything other than the fying to Cuba,…, seizing a Soviet ship that had sound operational planning for political reversed course, risking gunfre if the crew of most senior ofcers is inappropriate and motives or out of a romantic idea, not a disabled ship resisted boarding,… enforcing dangerous. It may have worked in cer- the quarantine by attacking a Soviet subma- to say show of by his nonetheless bril- rine, arming U.S. reconnaissance planes and tain cases of genius leaders but should liant political boss. What is the lesson returning Cuban ground fre…” Stern, Sheldon. defnitely be avoided. Concluding and (2005). The Week the World Stood Still (Stan- learned from this case? Bringing togeth- according to the “normal theory of civ- ford: Stanford University Press), 216-217. er a good team is the most important il-military relations”, generals are in the 6Fischer, Fritz. (1974). World Power or De- thing for a leader and the true leader cline: The Controversy over Germany’s Aims in words of Eliot Cohen “professionals, is open to discussion, even if someone the First World War (London: Norton), 95. much like highly trained surgeons: the questions his judgment. Sometimes 7Trachtenberg, Marc. (1991) History and statesman is in the position of a patient Strategy (Princeton: Princeton University disagreements are more valuable to requiring urgent care. He may freely de- Press), 50. leaders than agreements. And this is not cide whether or not to have an opera- 8Keegan, John (ed). (1991). Churchill’s actually only for the political leaders; it is Generals (New York: Grove Pr), 7. tion, he may choose one doctor over a take-away for military leaders as well. 9 another, and he may even make a deci- Chamley, John. (1993). The End of Glory (New York: Harcourt Brace). Let us try to sum up and see what sion among diferent surgical options, 10Cohen, Eliot. (2002). Supreme Command the elements of success in this relation although that is more rare. He may not (New York: Simon & Schuster), 25. between the political and the military or at least ought not supervise a surgical leadership. The frst and foremost con- procedure, select the doctor’s scalpel, or clusion is the essence of assuming one’s rearrange the operating room to his lik- responsibilities (for both parties) and ing”. not intervening to the extent of annul- ling the other party’s prerogatives. The second has to do with the choice of the

06 special quest

USA PRESENCE IN THESSALONIKI INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR

The landscape for the 83rd Thessaloniki International Fair has been set as business giants with leading roles in the global market come together to strengthen Hellenic-American relations. This years fair was the largest to be held in the last 20 years, with the United States of America serving as the honored nation.

A slew of American corporations key leaders in order to generate new Its location in southeast Europe is fooded this years’ International Trade business agreements. ideal for the training of American Fair held in Thessaloniki, Greece. The troops and pilots. The U.S. has been 60 leading companies in innovation fair, which is annually held, began on aiding Greece in combatting terrorism and technology took part in this year’s 8th September 2018 and ended on as well as assisting in dealing with the fair with 70 public events. The Greek 16th. The city was prepared to host the immigrant crisis. and US partnership in defense were largest TIF held in 20 years with over also highlighted at the TIF. The Greek In demonstration of America’s 1500 exhibitors, 20 ofcial and direct and US Defense industries are looking shared commitment to promote se- state participants. The United States of to strengthen their partnership and the curity and stability within the region, America was the honored nation this US presence at the TIF is a step in this the USS Mount Whitney arrived in year and 60 of the nation’s largest heads direction. “Collaboration and coopera- Thessaloniki on 10 September 2018. of industry were in attendance. The tion is important. It has to be a win/win theme of US presence was “HARNESS- situation in a (defense) environment.” ING THE POWER OF INNOVATION AND Said Col Jay Gardner, from the US Ofce CREATIVITY”. of Defense Cooperation at the American First held in 1926, the TIF is the Embassy in Greece. largest commercial tradeshow in The U.S. and Greece have been Southeast Europe and has been held allies since the end of WWII. The every September since its inception. American presence in Greece has Thessaloniki is the second largest been crucial in assisting the nation city in Greece and is known to be a The USS Mount Whitney (LCC-20) arrives into not only protecting its citizens but also port for the 2018 Thessaloniki International hub of business, culture and admin- aiding in regional defense as well as Fair in which the U.S Navy and it’s Sailors will istration. The United States promoted represent the United States of America as the stability. Greece has also proven to honored nation. The presence of the ship is to their brands among an elite audience be of great geostrategic importance. assist in the shared NATO commitments of se- in hopes to personally connect with curity and stability. 07 special quest

itization and planning is important because you must know where the country is going in order for your defense industry to understand where to apply limited resources for the future. How is, can, or should the GDI change to meet the new and next environment. Greece has transformed from a country in need to an advanced and wealthy nation. The U.S. presence at the 2018 TIF could potentially prove Greece to be a competi- tor in innovation and technology.

The USS Mount Whitney (LCC-20) sits in port as seen from the gardens of Alexander the Great. The U.S. Navy showed presence at the Thessaloniki International Fair representing the United States of America as the honored nation, as well as on opportunity to work with the Hellenic Navy.

While in port, the ship and its sailors U.S. corporations attending the TIF. The represented the U.S. Navy at the TIF. visit will be a great opportunity for us Matthew J. HOLIFIELD The Mount Whitney is the fag ship of to experience the people, culture and SSG (US A) the U.S. 6th Fleet, headquartered in cuisine that is unique to Greece.” – Capt. Human Resources Sergeant Battalion S-1 Naples, Italy. George R. Aguilar, Commanding ofcer Essential Personnel Services (EPS) NCOIC of Mount Whitney, stated. Allied Forces South “It is an honor to represent the U.S. Navy at the TIF. The crew and I are ex- The ship’s visit to Greece strength- cited to see the thriving, historic city ened bonds with the Hellenic Navy and meet its excited and vibrant citi- and enhanced maritime security. zens. This year is a landmark for Hellen- As numerous defense corporations ic- American relations with many large were present, The Greek Defense In- dustry (GDI) is hoping to reach new advancements in trade deals during the 2018 TIF. As stated by Col Gardner, Defense prior-

During the 2018 Thessaloniki International Fair, senior leaders from various organizations gathered during a round table discussion to engage in talks about Defense Opera- tional Requirements and De- fense Industry Engagement.

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HELLENIC MPSOTC: 20 YEARS OF TRAINING CONTRIBUTION number is not including Greek participants in which case the number rises to more than 2500 participants from the Alliance.

Furthermore, MPSOTC is one of the 14 training Centers, accredited by the United Nations and provides certifed and in-depth training for UN Military Observers.

The provided resident courses, are all designed in accordance to the accept- ed international latest standards that are set by the UN, NATO, EU and OSCE in order to cover the training requirements created in the complex, modern The Hellenic Multinational Peace Its initial aim was to train mainly Greek civil-military environment. The instruc- Support Operations Training Center personnel in the concept of Peace Sup- tors are, besides the Center’s specialized (MPSOTC) is completing this December port Operations. Since then the train- personnel, military and civilian experts, 20 years of continued and successful ing agenda has evolved and widened Professors and associates from Universi- operation and service towards the inter- and includes a large variety of subjects. ties & Representatives from NGOs IGOs national military training Community. Moreover, the broad training spectrum and GOs. gives the opportunity to international MPSOTC is a training Center found- The courses that MPSOTC conducts, students to attend courses and receive ed and operated by the Hellenic Armed cover a wide series of operational knowledge that they can pass back to Forces with a mission to provide com- knowledge and skills. The subjects are their countries. Since its founding, 20 prehensive training and educational updated every year. The Courses provid- years ago, MPSOTC has trained in its solutions to multinational audiences. ed at least once every year are: premises more than 4100 students from 97 countries. • NATO Public Afairs Ofcer Course, The Center is one of the 31 “NATO • NATO CIMIC Field Worker PTEC” Centers (Partnerships of Training Course, and Educational Centers) and every year ofers courses to the Alliance, where stu- • United Nations Military Ob- dents of the Armed and Security Forces servers Course, of NATO Member and Partner Countries • Cultural Awareness Course, can be trained to receive a complete set of skills in various felds. Until now 700 • Peace Support Operations Ba- Ofcers and NCOs from NATO Countries sic Course, have attended MPSOTC’s courses. This • Sea/land border security and

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Similarly, loyal to its principles on providing education and training, MP- SOTC responded to the contemporary challenges in border management and took over the role as Discipline Leader in the EU, in “(Military role in) Integrat- refugees/Arms/Dual-use goods control number of participants coming from a ed Border Management” area. The main Course, specifc country or organization require goal is a formation of a training with a training. Furthermore, its instructors • Strategic Communications and common core curriculum, which not provide lectures and training to Courses Information Operations Course. only promotes the efective interoper- organized by other training PTEC, EU or ability between EU member States, but The productive and friendly environ- UN Centers, and participate in multina- also highlights the importance of the ment of the Center provides the oppor- tional exercises. concept of the common exterior bor- tunity to professionals and experts from Moreover, MPSOTC actively engag- ders in EU. all around the world, to acquire or im- es with other training and educational prove specifc skills, to create networks, MPSOTC’s vision for the future, is to organizations in Greece and abroad, in to exchange ideas and experiences, to continue providing up-to-date train- order to enhance and improve its own promote the necessary transcultural ing and educational courses and also training programs, and also to provide understanding and to enhance bilateral to further evolve and adopt its agenda support to the educational community. and multilateral bonds among friendly according to the training requirements Consequently, it has signed memoran- and Allied Nations. of NATO and the UN being in parallel a dums of understanding with Aristotle driving force in the modernization, not In addition to the resident courses, and Macedonia Universities in Thessa- only of the Hellenic Armed Forces, but MPSOTC is organizing, upon request, loniki. Additionally, is part of the net- also of the Allied and Partner Countries. Mobile Training Teams (MTT), in order work of the European Security Defence to provide more cost-efective and fex- College (ESDC). ible training solutions, where a large

Christos Smilianis OF-3 (HE A) Media Trainer and PA Instructor MPSOTC

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WHAT CAN THE ART OF WAR OF SUN TZU TEACH US ABOUT STRATEGY

ning one hundred victo- 1st Stage: Analysis - Estimation ries in a hundred fghts is The frst step of strategy concerns not the height of strategic initially the analysis and then the esti- ability. The ultimate strat- mation of the strategic environment. egy is to subdue the op- Strategic environment can be under- ponent without a fght... stood as the system of interactions be- the best strategy...is to tween three main factors: friendly forc- attack the adversary’s es, enemy and the environment, in the strategy...the masters of sense of anarchy (in International Re- war defeat the opponent lations terminology) and competitive- without a fght.” B. Lid- ness. In the strategic environment third dell Hart, moving in this external forces, potentially may have context, argued that the signifcant infuence on the overall inter- purpose of the strategy action of the key players that constitute is not the pursuit of the the strategic environment. These addi- battle, but the pursuit of tional factors are: third-party actors, un- a favorable strategic situation which, if According to Basil Liddel Hart, Strat- certainty - unpredictable (in the context it fails by itself to bring about a decisive egy is defned as “the art of distribut- of conjuncture) and terrain and weather outcome/result, the continuation with a ing and implementing military means conditions (especially at the tactical lev- battle will be almost certain to succeed. to achieve politics objectives”. General el). These could perhaps be subcatego- Andre Beaufre defnes it as “the art of The Strategy at the study of the Art ries of the environment in the triptych dialectic of two opposing wills that use of War of Sun Tzu can be divided into “friends - enemy - environment”. violence to resolve their dispute.” Gen- fve stages: Regarding the analysis - estimation erally, Strategy is a confict/clash of will a. Analysis - Estimation of blue forces, the frst element to be between two opponents/rivals, that ev- analyzed is the strategic endoscopy that eryone is trying to impose its will on the b. Assessment leads to self-awareness. It is essential other. At the heart of the strategy are the c. Planning to know if the available means are suf- plans and the will of the opponent. Addi- fcient to achieve the objectives. Expe- tionally, strategy can also be seen in the d. Execution rience has highlighted the problem of light of the bridge that links today with e. Command/Leadership - Con- “overexploitation”: the objectives that the future. Not only is conducted during trol - Intelligence have been set are so ambitious that the wartime, but is implemented constantly means at our disposal are not sufcient as well in peacetime; in the face of a real The below analysis of the strategic to achieve them. Of course, a successful or potential confict, in terms of prepara- thought, resulting from the Art of War, own analysis - estimation should not tion for a possible confict. will be analyzed in the light of SWOT fail to omit the appointment of our vul- analysis (Strengths/Weaknesses - Op- Chapter III of the Art of War, entitled nerable points. It is crucial to recognize portunities/Threats). “Aggressive Strategy” states that “win- the vulnerabilities so that strategies of

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the strategic environment; following the estimates that have already been made, in this stage takes place the assessment of the data that emerges from the frst stage of the strategic analysis. An assessment, in order to be considered successful, must provide a variety of al- ternatives. The assessment therefore lies in the careful and thorough in-depth evaluation of each available strategy selection and is basically seen as cost - beneft analysis that implies the possi- confrontation can be prepared in order or between individuals, apart from the bility of adopting each option. The main to reduce the possible negative conse- common interest”. Also, in the environ- purpose of this stage is to make the Stra- quences. In other words, the “closure of ment are included the uncertainty and tegic Decision. windows of vulnerability “ is attempted. its unanticipated character. Thucydides has made the most apt and well-aimed The second element that composes 3rd Stage: Planning observation with his diachronic phrase the strategic environment is the enemy. of “the unfolding character of the wars”. Once the decision is made, which The knowledge of the opponent has Last but not least, although the main strategic option will be followed, we central importance for Sun Tzu. The key concern is for the tactical level, the im- have to proceed to the next stage, that point of strategy is the accurate diagno- portance of the factors of terrain and of Strategic Planning. Planners at this sis of the weaknesses and vulnerabilities. weather conditions, should not be over- stage, are called upon to determine, as Therefore, it seems that understanding looked in the strategic planning process. thoroughly as possible, the Objectives of the enemy’s weak points is decisive for the Strategy, the Means and the Course the development of any strategy. Summarizing the environment fac- of Action required for the achievement tor, in essence, what interests strategic Finally, the environment should not of the Strategic Objective. The primary thought from the analysis - environmen- be omitted in the strategic thinking. It is planning principle is its long-term per- tal estimation are the Opportunities and not enough to obtain well-awareness of spective, thus the strategic planning is the Threats resulting from it, in combina- the friendly and hostile forces and their an ongoing process. Sun Tzu stresses tion with the friendly and hostile forces. capabilities. The role of the environment that even in peacetime, we must cause In conclusion, by closing the initial stage is equally decisive. In the context of the friction to the adversary and to weaken of Strategy, particular importance for environment, third parties are included, his allies, in order to have the advantage the “Analysis and Estimation” of Strate- in the sense of those players who may in case we oppose him in war. Planning gic Environment, have the results that afect the correlation of power, or even also incorporates the fexibility element have been extracted and concern both to take advantage of any change. It is with the same ease of adaptation to any the strengths and weaknesses of each important to be aware of these inten- new updates and data, thus planning’s actor (allied and hostiles) and the options in advance. Sun Tzu says in Chap- character is dynamic. That leads to the portunities and risks arising from the ter VII, paragraph 3, “If you do not know necessity of alternative scenarios for environment. the intentions of your neighboring sov- fnding a solution to a number of poten- ereigns, you should not ally with them.” tially adverse situations. It is considered Similar is the opinion of Thucydides 2nd Stage: Assessment fundamental the importance of acting in the Peloponnesian “War” in A.124: The immediately next stage of the pro-actively (preventing planning): how “there is no stronger link between cities strategic analysis is the assessment of to create and shape the conditions that 12 articles

if risk is taken, otherwise a more the correct and efective use of the avail- “safe” option with more chances able means. The fact that it is impossi- of success is adopted. ble to predict at the planning stage, all those cases that make our work difcult is partly ofset by two important fac- In conclusion, strategic plan- tors: deception and surprise. Dominant ning is about the triptych “Objec- position at Sun Tzu’s thought holds the tive - Means - Course of Action” ability of misleading, which is aimed at that is expected to lead to the the surprise of the opponent. “All war is Victory (“theory of victory”) and based on deception. Take advantage of will put the opponent in a difcult po- will reduce optimally the risk of failure. the moment when the opponent is un- sition by properly and suitably shaping prepared “ underline that important role the environment (environment shaping in an integrated strategy has not only strategy). In other words, planning is 4th Stage: Execution the theoretical concept and its planning preventive if it is capable to shape future This stage could also be named as but it is also momentous to convert the- (favorable) situations. If we could attri- “the time for action”. The success of a ory into efective action. bute characteristics to strategic plan- strategy, especially its planning, is being ning, these would be the following four: tested in practice at this stage. Those We have to accept the fact that no long-term perspective, lasting, dynamic, who are called upon to implement, to perfect planning exists; we can only re- preventative. accomplish the strategy, should have fer to the better possible approach of the strategic choice by reducing the po- The key questions to be answered for nothing to think in order to act. The tential risks and accidental events. Key strategic planning are: ideal is everything to be forecasted in the three previously stages. Only in this role is the ability to quickly and rapidly a. WHAT case the strategy can be considered as adapt to new situations. The best way to b. WHY successful, since the only requirement is achieve this, is through deception and the excellent knowledge of the available surprise in conjunction with the fnal c. WITH WHAT options of the players who will imple- stage of the strategy (command/leader- d. HOW ment it. It is extremely unlike to claim ship - control - intelligence). No matter e. WHAT RISK that during implementation should not how efective is the strategic planning, arise questions. However, planning is the result cannot be completely con- The answers to these fve key ques- more than welcome to have this trend, trolled. To conclude, the implementations are respectively: to the extent that it is feasible and under tion stage of the strategy, deals with the realistic limitations. how our selected strategic choice will be a. What is the Objective. applied at the diferent levels: strategic, The “tools”, the potential course of b. The reason supporting why operational and tactical. actions with the available means, per the strategy was chosen. occasion, are called upon to balance the c. The means required for im- discontinuity created by the “planning 5th Stage: Command/Leadership - plementation. gaps” when the execution of the strat- Control - Intelligence d. How to act to achieve the ob- egy begins. In this way, the appropriate The “power multipliers” have the key jectives (Course of Action) tools will be used to optimize the imple- role to play. A capable leadership is be- mentation of the strategy. Execution is yond any doubt whatsoever. It is unnec- e. What percentage of failure about interconnection and is the bridge essary to refer to the benefts of a com- exists in order to assess the risk involved, with the planning as it deals mainly with petent leadership that will bring the end

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S t r a t e g y or the C3 approach (Command, Control Analysis - Estimation & Communication) or “C3I” with the ad- Allies dition of “Information” or the most ex- Strengths tended and closest to the modern C4I Strategic Enemy Environment Weaknesses approach (Command, Control, Comput- ers, Communication & Information). This Opportunities makes clear that in order to complete a Environment Threats strategy, the requirement is an efective command/leadership and a communi- Third-party actors cation and information control system. Uncertainty - Unpredictable

Sun Tzu stresses that “ the success in Terrain - Weather conditions the war is to consider carefully the oppo- Assessment nent’s plans and adjust accordingly. In Assessment of the data emerged (cost - benefit analysis) in order to be taken the Strategic Decision this way, you are able to take advantage Planning of any opportunity presented”. In other Objectives words, the predominance in a war is the Victory Definition Means result of a mix of regular tactics, any en- Reduction of the risk of failure emy’s mistakes and any opportunities Course of Action that will occur, making the Command/ Leadership - Control - Intelligence factor Planning flexible alternative scenarios dynamic an integral part of the planning and execution process strategy. how to create and shape the conditions that will put the opponent Preventive in a difficult position In conclusion, “victorious strategy and tactics do not repeat”, they are con- WHAT Objectives Key WHY Reason stantly changing, adapting according to strategic WITH WHAT Means planning the prevailing and evolving conditions. HOW Course of Action questions Leading General, according to Sun Tzu, WHAT RISK Percentage of failure Execution is considered to be the one who “adapts Strategic Deception his strategy according to his opponent”. Levels Operational Principal Tactical Surprise Command/Leadership - Control - Intelligence (power multipliers) state of the whole process of strategy es where the plan was not appropriate elaboration, as reported in the previous or the circumstances require changes to stages above. Those who are in charge of the initial plan, the leaders should have the command/leadership should not be the ability to adapt quickly to situations able to implement only the provisions of and apply, if it is possible, the principles the strategic plan. They have to do more of deception and surprise mentioned at than executing the plan “by the book”. the stage of execution. The task of com- Dionysios K. KARATASIOS OF-1 (HE A) However, this should not be misinter- mand is clearly helped by the existence CJOC IM, RFI - Reporting Ofcer preted, in the way that they do not fol- of an appropriate control system. It is NRDC-GR/J3 low the plan by default, but in those cas- the so-called “C2” (Command & Control) 14 articles

UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325 ON WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY: A MILESTONE STEP FOR PREVENTION, PARTICIPATION, PROTECTION, RELIEF AND RECOVERY

eforts, peace-keeping operations and humanitarian responses and post-con- post-confict rebuilding eforts, when fict reconstructions, while it declares women face gender discriminations, as the necessity of equal participation and in many cases their opinions, experienc- full involvement of women in all levels es and needs are under-evaluated and and eforts, in order peace and security neglected; even more so in cases when to be successfully maintained. In ad- women are in danger of being victims of dition, the UNSCR 1325 induces all key Women play key roles in the de- rape or attempted rape. This under-eval- players to increase the participation of veloping process of communities and uated practice tends to become an es- women and embody gender perspec- give signifcant eforts for the progress tablished daily routine that facilitates tives in all United Nations peace and of the entire society, not only as moth- and legitimizes violations of women’s security eforts, as it invites all parties to ers, daughters and wives, but also as and girls’ rights, while it undermines dra- take special measures in order to guar- hard workers, distinguished scientists, matically the sustainable development antee the protection of women and excellent professionals, respected pol- and the peace and security processes. girls from gender-based violence . More iticians, active civilians and charismat- Consequently, all the tactics mentioned specifcally, the UNSCR 1325 focuses on ic personalities. Even though women above violate systematically the vital the necessity for prevention of sexual represent the biggest part of the world need of all women for freedom, equality, violence in armed conficts recognizing population, they still remain one of the protection and justice. the disproportionate impacts those inci- most vulnerable groups facing dramat- dents of sexual violence tend to have on ic discriminations in diferent aspects of A historic step against the aforemen- women and girls. As a result, the adop- their life. For instance, women’s political tioned tactics is the milestone United tion of the UNSCR 1325 fully identifes opinion is usually underestimated and Nations Security Council Resolution that women and gender perspective are unfortunately women tend to be by- 1325, which was adopted on the 31st of directly relevant to security and peace standers even in issues that are directly October in 2000 setting the agenda for processes both for women and men. correlated to their life. Even worse is the women, peace and security. The UNSCR situation in cases of confict prevention, 1325 recognizes the signifcant role that Through this landmark resolution, arms-control policy, peace negotiations, women play in the processes of preven- the Security Council emphasized the un- peace-making process, peace-building tion and resolution of armed conficts, equal and unfair impact that armed con- underlines the im- ficts tend to have on women and girls portance of wom- recognizing the pivotal role of women en’s participation in armed conficts as bearers of particu- in peace-making, lar gendered burdens. At the same time, peace-keeping and the Security Council through the UNSCR peace-building pro- 1325 acknowledged the undervaluation cesses, highlights of contributions that women ofer in the value of wom- confict preventions and in peace-mak- en’s involvement in ing, peace-keeping and peace-building

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and capacity building for gender equality for peace-keeping personnel and the value of an active civil society that will enable the understanding of gender dynamics of confict. Undoubtedly, the adoption of the aforementioned resolutions, after the adoption of the UNSCR 1325, empowered the agenda for Wom- en, Peace and Security across the confict cycle, from the confict prevention to the post-confict reconstruction.

Considering all the aforementioned developments, it is fully understandable that the adoption of the UNSCR 1325 processes as active actors. Consequent- tions on Women, Peace and Security are was a milestone step as it built from ly, the UNSCR 1325 focuses on four pil- the UNSCR 1820 (2008), the UNSCR 1888 scratch the historic efort for the preven- lars based on the prevention of violence (2009), the UNSCR 1889 (2009), the UN- tion, participation, protection, relief and and abuse of rights against all women SCR 1960 (2010), the UNSCR 2106 (2013), recovery of all women across the confict and girls, the protection of both the the UNSCR 2122 (2013) and the UNSCR cycle. At the same time, the adoption rights and bodies of women and girls in 2242 (2015). The adoption of all these of the UNSCR 1325 set the ground for armed conficts, the participation and resolutions is of the utmost importance all the subsequent resolutions that fol- representation of women in peace and as they promote the signifcant role of lowed up, which all together constitute security processes and the women’s and women in leadership, the importance of today the Women, Peace and Security girls’ vital needs in relief and recovery in women’s participation in the prevention Agenda. However, despite the adoption all confict and post-confict situations. and resolution of conficts, the impacts of all the above mentioned resolutions, According to the UNSCR 1325, in order of sexual violence on women, the emer- and even if strict commitments were un- for these four pillars to be achieved, the gency for development and use of mea- dertaken by the United Nations, still all Security Council, the Member States, the sures and standards for monitoring the the United Nations Security Council Res- UN entities, the Secretary-General and implementation of women, peace and olutions remain a feld of hard challenge all the parties to the conficts should im- security mandates, the role of training mediately comply with the principles of the UNSCR 1325.

The adoption of the UNSCR 1325 was a momentous political step for the international community as it built up an im- pressive normative framework for women, peace and security that enabled the United Nations Security Council to adopt seven related resolutions based on signifcant key issues and core provisions. These seven subsequent resolu-

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pp. 1-4, [Online] Available at: https://un- docs.org/S/RES/1325(2000) [Accessed 16 November 2018].

3Ofce of the Special Adviser on Gen- der Issues and Advancement of Women (OSAGI), Landmark resolution on Wom- en, Peace and Security, [Online] Available at: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/ wps/ [Accessed 16 November 2018].

4NATO, Women, Peace and Security, [Online] Available at: https://www.nato. int/cps/ua/natohq/topics_91091.htm [Ac- cessed 16 November 2018].

5Nicole George and Laura J. Shepherd, Balogianni Nikolina Women, Peace and Security: Exploring the Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science implementation and integration of UNSCR M.A. in Political Science-International 1325, International Political Science Re- Relations view 2016, Vol. 37(3), pp. 297–306, [On- B.A. in Political Science line] Available at: http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0192512116636659 Intern in POLAD Ofce/NRDC-GR [Accessed 16 November 2018]. characterized with tremendous lack of Contact Email: balogianni.nikolina@ya- 6Peace Women, Women’s Internation- implementation. Thus, it is a scientifcal- hoo.com al League for Peace and Freedom, Se- ly proven fact that women have been curity Council Resolution 1325, [Online] facing extreme danger through gender Available at: http://www.peacewomen. org/SCR-1325 [Accessed 16 November discriminations and sexual violence in 2018]. confict areas for a long time. It is high 7 time action for peace and security be Paul Kirby and Laura J. Shepherd, Re- introducing women, peace and security, undertaken by all - member states and International Afairs, Volume 92, Issue key actors. 2, 2016, pp. 249–254, [Online] Available at: https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/92/2/249/2417216 [Accessed 16 No- vember 2018].

8UN Women, Guiding documents, [On- line] Available at: http://www.unwomen. org/en/about-us/guiding-documents [Ac- References: cessed 16 November 2018].

1Melissa Gillis, Disarmament: A Basic 9United Nations Peacekeeping, Promoting Guide, Fourth Edition, Chapter 14, Ofce Women, Peace and Security, [Online] Avail- for Disarmament Afairs, United Nations able at: https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/ Publications, New York, 2017, pp. 119- promoting-women-peace-and-security [Ac- 127, [Online] Available at: https://www. cessed 16 November 2018]. un-ilibrary.org/disarmament/disarmament-a-basic-guide_e5319d09-en [Ac- cessed 16 November 2018].

2United Nations Security Council, Unit- ed Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000), S/RES/1325 (2000) Women and Peace and Security, New York, 2000,

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CULAD AT A FIRST SIGHT

Cultural Heritage

Cultural heritage (“national heritage” or simple inheritance) is the bequest of natural objects (cultural property) and intangible characteristics of a group or society that have been bequeathed by the older generations and are preserved in the present while, at the same time, to beneft next generations. The term Cultural Heritage includes tangible civilization (such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works of art and ev- idence), intangible civilization (such as folklore, traditions, language and knowl- it is clear the recognition of the need of economic privileges (such as natural edge) and the “natural” heritage, major the past and more the need to trans- resources and exploited real estate) cultural landscapes and biodiversity. The mit its history. In the book “The Past Is as well as factors that promote so- cultural heritage is unique and irreplace- a Foreign Country,” David Lowenthal cial integration (such as institutions to able, which places the modern civiliza- observes that the preserved objects maintain knowledge and for the main- tion under the responsibility of preserv- validate memories (Digital acquisition tenance of the social hierarchy and ing it. Smaller objects such as works of techniques). Digital acquisition tech- class). Based on the rules of Ethics, art and other cultural masterpieces are niques can provide a technological everything that has been inherited collected from museums and galleries. solution in which the object acquires should not be consumed; instead it As part of this preservation of the cultur- the corresponding shape and appear- must be bequeathed again, possibly al reserve, successful eforts have been ance of original masterpieces with un- enriched by successive generations. made to preserve the “future heritage” precedented accuracy in the evolution This was a moral imperative for all. of many nations. Folk organizations and of human history. What is regarded as a “cultural heri- political groups such as UNESCO have tage” by one generation is likely to be successfully obtained the necessary Classical cultures, especially the rejected by the next, so that it can be support for this project. Indian, attach great value to preserv- ing tradition. In the context of this Ethics & Principles (reasoning or belief, social institutions, scientifc logic) of Cultural Preservation knowledge and technological applications must use their “heritage” as a Objects are a branch of the study qualifcation. of human history. A simple object can provide a certain idea of ideas and, at Speaking in a more modern lan- the same time, its existence to validate guage, we could say that the ancient it. Through the preservation of objects Indians considered social qualities,

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and the frequent formal rules of operation in a particular cultural climate, revived again by the next. • Conservation of audio archive such as social values and traditions, material customs and practices, aesthetic Types of Heritage • Digital preservation and spiritual perceptions, artistic ex- pression, language, as well as other Cultural Property aspects of human cultural activity. Intangible Culture Buildings and historical places, Maintaining intangible heritage is monuments, books, documents, The Intangible Cultural Heritage more difcult than maintaining nat- works of art, machines, clothing and consists of the non-palpable features ural / tangible objects. Besides, the other items considered to be worth- of a particular culture, which are often importance of natural objects can be while to preserve over time. Objects preserved by social customs during a interpreted against the background of of major importance for the felds of particular historical period. The ways the socio-economic, political, religious archeology, science, architecture or and means of behavior of a society and philosophical values of a particu- technology of a particular culture.

The cultural property is divided into :

• Museology

• Archiving / Archival Science

• Maintenance and Rehabilitation

•Art restoration

• Architectural maintenance

• Safeguard cinematographic fles

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Physical and 28 Mixed Properties in 153 countries. Each of these points is considered important in the international community. The “underwater” heritage is under the auspices of the UNESCO Council for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. This contract is a legitimate means of help- ing States Parties improve the efort of Underwater Cultural Heritage Pro- tection. Additionally, UNESCO has set aside masterpieces of the Oral and In- tangible Heritage of mankind.

lar group of people. The Natural Heritage is divided into : The Intangible culture is divided into: • Ethnobotanology

• Folklore • Conservation of rare breeds

• Oral History Antonios PSAROUDAKIS • Preservation of the language OF-5 (HE N) The Global Action for “Heritage” Chief MOCC NRDC-GR/MOCC Indicative and important Natural Heritage event of global activity for the preservation of cultural heritage, is the “Natural Heritage” is an import- Conference on the protection of world ant part of “Heritage” of the society cultural and Natural Heritage adopted in question. Embracing the outdoors, by the UNESCO General Conference the natural environment such as fora in 1972. The 2011 lists 936 World and fauna, scientifcally known under Heritage locations, 725 cultural, 183 the term “biodiversity” as well as geological elements including mineralogy, paleontology, with the scientifc concept of “ geological diversity “. Natural bequests serve, as an important component, the tourism industry of each country attracting many visitors from abroad, both elsewhere and locally. The heritage includes cultural landscapes (physical features with cultural traits).

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APPROACHING TO HYBRID WARFARE CONCEPT

warfare. In addition, many other ana- lysts and international relations theorists have noticed that the beginning of the 21st century was marked by the pro- liferation of hybrid wars, held between fexible and sophisticated adversaries engaged in asymmetric conficts.

Understanding the Hybridity

The defnition hybrid warfare initially was used by Dr Frank Hofman in the early 2000s to describe a combination of new technologies and fanatical fghting styles without a specifc structure, uniforms or obedience to the Law of Armed Conficts (LOAC). Regardless the use of Introduction lent transnational extremists, revisionist the new terminology, there was noth- states or even non-states and resurgent ing new to the idea and the real mean- It is well known the Clausewitzian powers. Obviously the main goal re- ing of the defnition. In the Napoleonic approach saying that war is nothing mains the same that is to accomplish the Wars, the British forces in Spain bene- more than the continuation of the pol- political objectives. The achievement of fted from the attritional activity of the itics with other means. The utilization of the desired state, as it is defned at the local guerrillas against the French army. the other means by many diferent ac- political level, incorporates the conver- Moreover, in the WW I in the middle tors, regardless if we have state or non- gence of the conventional and uncon- Eastern, the British and Imperial forces state players, in order to achieve their ventional means. The main reason for made use of the distraction provided by political objectives has formed the con- that is based on the fact that direct mil- the Arab fghters who were guided by temporary way of running the war. Ac- itary confrontation would beneft only British ofcers whereas during the WW tually, the emergence of this kind of war, the stronger actor. The weaker not only II, partisan activities either directed by that is not so new indeed, has generated will sufer what the weakness impose, states or self-directed by small bands of many debates on the defnition of the as Thucydides noted by describing the fghters, were executed across Europe, new concept of war and furthermore Peloponnesian War, but also will try to North Africa and East Asian theatre of to discover the appropriate measures encompass more incremental, subtler operations . to tackle the new reality. The challenge and indirect tactics to achieve the polit- of the new warfare is to anticipate the ical defned end state. Military theorists Theorists and many researchers re- diferent means that can be used due to argue that contemporary wars between sponsible to develop a profound analy- the fact that we are living in a globalized adversaries of unequal capabilities now sis of the modern way of war continue environment characterized by the pro- combine elements of regular conven- to explore and better understand the liferation of advanced technology, vio- tional warfare with elements of irregular blurring of the confict types by provid- 21 articles ing a number of similar descriptions. assessment of future operations he ad- of the Russian’s Black Sea Fleet. In addi- Hybrid wars are not new, as has already vocated a response to the West’s ability tion, the area is considered as the home been mentioned, but they are diferent. to combine multiple lines of operations of Russian Orthodox, where Prince In this kind of war the forces are becom- to achieve strategic efects. Under these Vladimir was baptisted as Orthodox. ing blurred into the same force or are terms he was looking for a solution to It is worth to mention that this fact is applied in the same battlefeld. Colin the West’s “Comprehensive Approach”. signifcant important because religion Gray has admitted that “what we can He developed the concept by describ- is used by Kremlin as an efcient tool predict with confdence is that there is ing the Hybrid Warfare as including “the of soft power to achieve the political going to be a blurring, a further blur- use of military and non-military tools aims. From the military perspective, ring, of warfare categories”. The reason in an integrated campaign designed to apart from the maritime approach, the for that unclear distinction between achieve surprise, seize the initiative and Kremlin can now deploy a broad range the lines of war is that the term hybrid gain psychological as well as physical of its military tools such as Iskander sur- captures both organization and means advantages utilizing diplomatic means; face-to surface ballistic missile with a of the opponents no matter the legal sophisticated and rapid information, 400-km operational range, projecting perspective. Organizationally, they may electronic and cyber operations; covert extended power towards Bulgaria, Ro- have a hierarchical political structure, and occasionally overt military and intel- mania, Turkey, the South Caucasus and coupled with decentralized cells or net- ligence action; and economic pressure.” even the Eastern Mediterranean . It was worked tactical units. Their means will In few words we can mention that due to a matter of time for Kremlin to annex the also be hybrid in form and application. the reason that wars are becoming more peninsula in order to achieve the politi- In such conficts, future adversaries expensive in both political and econom- cal end state and to contribute to their will exploit access to modern military ic domains, many states and in our case strategic goal which is the application of capabilities including encrypted com- Moscow, are looking for the opportuni- the revisionist theory in order to regain mand systems, man portable surface ties to use political and information op- the previous status quo in the interna- to air missiles and other modern lethal erations to achieve the political defned tional system. weapons and promote protracted in- end state. This approach is close to the surgencies that employ ambushes and NATO’s smart defense concept, yet the In general terms, we can argue that coercive assassinations or other criminal Russian army has had already practicing the way in which Russia has used force activities as well as use of proxy forces this concept in many occasions with the against Ukraine has prompted some for coercion and intimidation, terrorism last and the most notorious that is the observers to remark that it is engaging and criminality to manipulate the in- annexation of Crimea. in “hybrid warfare”. Russia has adopt- formation environment, target energy ed a subtler approach intended to give sources, attack economic vulnerabilities Kremlin “plausible deniability” while and exploit diplomatic leverage. In oth- The Russian utilization of hybrid war reducing the costs associated with en- er words we can state that Hybrid War gaging Ukraine’s armed forces directly. The annexation of Crimea increased incorporates a range of diferent modes As a result Russia did not launch a tradi- Russia’s strategic presence in the region of warfare including conventional capa- tional invasion to pull Crimea away from of Black Sea due to the political, strate- bilities, irregular tactics and formations, Kiev’s control. On the contrary, Russia gic and symbolic importance that pen- terrorist acts including indiscriminate fomented local pro-Russian demonstra- insula has for Russia . The peninsula had violence and coercion as well as criminal tions, inserted unmarked militia groups been part of Ukraine since 1954, when disorder. The sudden interest of NATO in (called “little green men”) to occupy of- former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev this form of war was due to the fact that cial government buildings and oversaw transferred it from Russian to Ukrainian General Valery Gerasimof, Chief of the a local referendum to lend an air of le- control, yet the region remained home General Staf of the Russian Army, in an gitimacy to the annexation efort which

22 articles

green men” or “polite people” to accomplish their fnal objective . that had already infltrated in Ukraine were Russian soldiers Conclusion who were massively and openly reinforced from the mainland. The referendum was conduct- Following the Gerasinov doctrine the ed on March 16th with a 97% Russian’s hybrid warfare approach have vote in support of incorporation spurred and underpinned much dis- into Russia despite international cussion about the “grey zone” between war and peace and Russian asymmetric was the politically defned objective . condemnation. challenges such as economic manipu- The well-orchestrated plan started The initial stage of the annexation lation, an extensive and powerful disin- when President Putin openly demon- saw the deployment of three distinct formation and propaganda campaign, strated on February 21st 2014, to a Rus- forces. The “polite people” were Russian the fostering of civil disobedience and sian TV documentary, that “we must special and intervention forces, which even insurrection and the use of proxy start working on returning Crimea to although deployed without insignia, and well-supplied paramilitaries. There Russia.” The next few days a number their latest-model equipment and uni- are three points that worth to be men- of pro-Moscow and anti-Kiev protests, forms as well as their professional way tioned as results of the implication of which may have been well orchestrated of performing their duties demonstrat- the specifc way of war. Firstly, the West by Russian agents, along with Russian ed their real origin. These forces were had been surprised because few had forces began quietly to be mobilized. supported by elements of the local po- paid attention to the Russian military The same day the 45th Independent lice force, especially the “Berkut” public evolution and furthermore few had pre- Special Purpose Regiment of the air- order unit. The last part was an armed dicted the intervention of competent, borne forces was placed on high readi- “local self-defence volunteers” playing a disciplined and well-equipped Russian ness alert along with the 3rd Brigade of largely auxiliary role. special forces as we witnessed in Crimea. the Spetsnaz special forces and two de- Secondly, the conventional force is often As a frst impression we can ar- tachments of the 16th Spetsnaz Brigade. oblique mentioned as a supplementary gue that the distinctive features of the On 27 February, armed men began tak- component or feature, but the main Crimean operation thus seemed to be ing over strategic locations across the characteristic of hybrid warfare is that the deployment of forces in conditions region, including the Supreme Council, it remains below the threshold use of of extreme secrecy combined with a the local legislature, where a new provi- armed forces having a small contribu- preparedness to lie about their prove- sional government was proclaimed and tion to the achievement of the fnal ob- nance in a successful political campaign a measure to hold a referendum on au- jective. Lastly, as Samuel Charap high- to wrong-foot both Ukraine and the tonomy was adopted . There are many lighted, the confict demonstrated the West. Based on Mark Galeoti there has speculations regarding the results of Russian leadership’s improved capabili- been no suggestion that Western intel- the referendum and the Russian inter- ties to co-ordinate diferent instruments ligence agencies had any prior warning ference to the whole process but all the of state power which was an indication from either human or technical sources Russian activities were performed under that the new Russian National Centre for and that was due to the fact that the a centralized and well organized efort the Management of Defence was work- Russian activities were supported not following the so called “Gerasimof Doc- ing as an efective element/tool in the just by local allies but also by very specif- trine” putting into practice the hybrid military chain of command . ically organized crime elements to pro- warfare approach. Over the next week vide both political and military muscle Obviously, the Russian military capa- became clear that the so-called “little

23 articles bilities are far superior to that of Ukraine 4Johnson Robert, “Hybrid War and Its warfare and extended deterrence in east- but not comparing with other states or Countermeasures: A Critique of the Liter- ern Europe”, 2016 The Royal Institute of ature Small Wars & Insurgencies”, 2018 International Afairs. Published by John even with NATO assets. In any case, the VOL. 29, NO. 1, 141–163 Wiley & Sons Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, implication of Russian success in Crimea 5Johnson Robert, “Hybrid War and Its Oxford ox4 2dq, UK and 350 Main Street, should not be overstated. After all the Countermeasures: A Critique of the Liter- Malden, MA 02148, USA. modernization of Russian’s military is ature Small Wars & Insurgencies”, 2018 16Galeotti Mark, “Hybrid, ambiguous, still ongoing and far away before reach- VOL. 29, NO. 1, 141–163. and non-linear? How new is Russia’s 6Hofman G. Frank, “Hybrid War and ‘new way of war’?”, Small Wars & Insur- ing the desired level of ambition to build Challenges”, issue 52, 1st quarter 2009, gencies, 2016, VOL. 27, NO. 2, 282–301, a credible conventional deterrent force ndupress.ndu.edu. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2015 against West or NATO. It is believed that https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2018. .1129170 NATO should continue monitoring the 1404770 17Galeotti Mark, “Hybrid, ambiguous, 7 evolution of the Russian army not only Hofman G. Frank, “Confict in the and non-linear? How new is Russia’s 21st century. The rise of the Hybrid ‘new way of war’?”, Small Wars & Insur- doctrinally and conceptually but also Wars”, 2007, Potomac Institute for Policy gencies, 2016, VOL. 27, NO. 2, 282–301, in the practical domain where all these Studies, Arlington, Virginia, USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2015 new ideas and products may be used. 8Johnson Robert, “Hybrid War and Its .1129170 In addition, under the frame of collec- Countermeasures: A Critique of the Liter- 18Monaghan Andrew, “The ‘War’ in tive defence, the NATO member states’ ature Small Wars & Insurgencies”, 2018 Russia’s ‘Hybrid Warfare’ ”, 2016, Cha- VOL. 29, NO. 1, 141–163. tham House. demonstration of the will and the mili- 9Hofman G. Frank, “Confict in the 19Renz Bettina, “Russia and ‘hy- tary capabilities to work closely and ef- 21st century. The rise of the Hybrid brid warfare’” Contemporary Politics, fective under one command, no matter Wars”, 2007, Potomac Institute for Policy 2016,Vol.22,NO.3,283–300, http://dx.doi. the fag, will build a signifcant deter- Studies, Arlington, Virginia, USA. org/10.1080/13569775.2016.1201316 10Galeotti Mark, “Hybrid, ambiguous, and rence protecting the members and fur- non-linear? How new is Russia’s ‘new way of thermore the coherence of the alliance. war’?”, Small Wars & Insurgencies, 2016, VOL. 27, NO. 2, 282–301, http://dx.doi.org/10.108 0/09592318.2015.1129170 11Blockmans Steven, “Crimea and the quest for energy and military hegemony References: in the Black Sea region: governance gap in a contested geostrategic zone”, South- 1Hofman G. Frank, “Hybrid War and east European and Black Sea Studies, Challenges”, issue 52, 1st quarter 2009, 2015, Vol. 15, No. 2, 179–189, http://dx. ndupress.ndu.edu. doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2015.1060016 https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2018. 12Galeotti Mark, “Hybrid, ambiguous, Stergios KAZAKIS 1404770 and non-linear? How new is Russia’s OF-5 (HE A) 2Lanoszka Alexander, “Russian hybrid ‘new way of war’?”, Small Wars & Insur- ACOS JFIRES & TARGETING warfare and extended deterrence in east- gencies, 2016, VOL. 27, NO. 2, 282–301, NRDC-GR/JFIRES & TARGETING ern Europe”, 2016 The Royal Institute of http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2015 International Afairs. Published by John .1129170 Wiley & Sons Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, 13Ibid. Oxford ox4 2dq, UK and 350 Main Street, 14Blockmans Steven, “Crimea and the Malden, MA 02148, USA. quest for energy and military hegemony 3Voicu Christina and Josan Andrei, in the Black Sea region: governance gap “Hybrid Wars in the Age of Asymmetric in a contested geostrategic zone”, South- Conficts”, 2015, No1 (28), Bucharest east European and Black Sea Studies, University of Economic Studies, Roma- 2015, Vol. 15, No. 2, 179–189, http://dx. nia. doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2015.1060016 15Lanoszka Alexander, “Russian hybrid 24 articles

CYBERSECURITY IN INTERNET OF THE THINGS (IOT)

System (RFID) group defnes Internet of providing the ability to share in- Things as “the worldwide network of formation across platforms through a interconnected objects uniquely ad- unifed framework, developing a com- dressable based on standard communi- mon operating picture for enabling cation protocols. innovative applications. This is achieved by seamless large-scale sensing, data According to Cluster of European analytics and information representa- research projects on the Internet of tion using cutting edge ubiquitous Things “Things”, are active participants sensing and cloud computing”. The IoT ofers new ways for business- in business, information and social es to create value, however the constant processes where they are enabled connectivity and data sharing also cre- to interact and communicate among Applications ates new opportunities for information themselves and with the environment There are several application do- to be compromised. by exchanging data and information mains which will be impacted by the sensed about the environment, while emerging Internet of Things. The ap- reacting autonomously to the real/ But what exactly is Internet of the plications can be classifed based on the physical world events and infuencing Things (IoT)? type of network availability, coverage, it by running processes that trigger ac- scale, heterogeneity, repeatability, user As identifed by Atzori, Internet of tions and create services with or without Things can be realized in three para- direct human intervention. digms –internet-oriented (middleware), things oriented (sensors) and seman- According to Forrester, a smart en- tic-oriented (knowledge). Although this vironment–uses information and com- type of delineation is required due to munications technologies to make the the interdisciplinary nature of the sub- critical infrastructure components and ject, the usefulness of IoT can be un- services of a city administration, edu- leashed only in an application domain cation, healthcare, public safety, real involvement and impact the extensive where the three paradigms intersect. estate, transportation and utilities more aware, interactive and efcient. set of applications for IoT devices is of- The Radio Frequency Identifcation ten divided into consumer, commercial, In general, industrial, and infrastructure spaces. we can sum the defnition 1.Consumer applications of Internet 2.Smart Home, Elder Care of Things for smart envi- 3.Commercial Application (Medical ronments as and Healtcare) “The Inter- 4.Building and Home Automation connec tion of sensing 5.Industrial Applications (Manufac- and actuat- turing, Agriculture, etc.) ing devices 25 articles

6.Infrastructure Applications dresses, phone numbers and even social 9.Insecure software or frmware media accounts -- information that’s in- 7.Energy Management 10. Poor physical security valuable to hackers. 8.Environment Monitoring These types of projects are just However, hackers aren’t the only the beginning of the future security threat to the internet of things; priva- standards that must be developed to IoT Security and Privacy cy is another major concern for IoT create a network of devices that ben- users. For instance, companies that The internet of things connects efts users in a secure environment. make and distribute consumer IoT billions of devices to the internet and devices could use those devices to It seems that capable hackers are involves the use of billions of data obtain and sell users’ personal data. everywhere, and their growing focus points, all of which need to be se- on the IoT is a natural progression cured. Due to its expanded attack Beyond leaking personal data, IoT since they are looking to where the surface, IoT security and IoT privacy poses a risk to critical infrastructure, world’s data is fowing. The intercon- are cited as major concerns. including electricity, transportation nected world is coming, but so are its and fnancial services. hackers.

The Mission of Secure IoT Is Just The good news is that the cyber Beginning security landscape is already adjust- ing to the new demands of this wide- The Open Web Application Se- spread network. The bad news is curity Project’s (OWASP) Internet of that we are far away from that utopia, Things Top 10 Project aims to educate where the IoT manages security auto- users on the main facets of IoT secu- matically by the same interconnected rity and help vendors make common devices and provides a safe infra- appliances and gadgets network- and structure for users and their personal One of the most notorious recent Internet-accessible. The project walks information. IoT attacks was Mirai, a botnet that in- through the top 10 security problems fltrated domain name server provider that are seen with IoT devices and Just as experience has shown us in Dyn and took down many websites for discusses how to prevent them. Its list the past, in a few years, there could be an extended period of time in one of is as follows: a whole new class of things to worry the biggest distributed denial-of-ser- about in the cyber security feld. Hope- vice (DDoS) attacks ever seen. Attackers 1.Insecure Web interface fully, by then we will have already taken gained access to the network by exploit- care of the current problems we are fac- 2.Insufcient authentication or au- ing poorly secured IoT devices. ing in the smart IoT network. thorization Because IoT devices are closely con- 3.Insecure network services nected, all a hacker has to do is exploit CYBER SECURITY KEY IMPERATIVES one vulnerability to manipulate all the 4.Lack of transport encryption data, rendering it unusable. And manu- Regardless of the industry, data se- facturers that don’t update their devices 5.Privacy concerns curity is generally categorized by 4 key regularly -- or at all -- leave them vulner- 6.Insecure cloud interface pillars: authentication, encryption, au- able to cybercriminals. thorization, and auditing. 7.Insecure mobile interface Additionally, connected devices of- Authentication: People and assets ten ask users to input their personal 8.Insufcient security confguration alike need to be authenticated onto the information, including names, ages, ad- 26 articles network to prevent bad actors or “bad ing these data assets, with IT deploying the reader a perspective of the volume assets” early on. point solutions across the enterprise. and variety of data types manufacturers have to deal with. Authorization: Once, for example, an IoT sensor has access to a network, au- WHAT ARE BEING PROTECTING thorizing it to a set of services is the next What a Cybersecurity for IoT Solution Now let’s take a quick look at the va- important step. This seldom involves a Should be Constitute of riety of assets that need to be protected complex set of policies, based on the in manufacturing. With some idea by now on what we credentials and capabilities of the entity need to address, let’s jump into what the requesting access. Unstructured time-series data: Data solution should consist of, a minimum: constantly being transmitted from IoT Encryption: Considering how spread sensors (e.g., heat, pressure, thermal, It must be capable of locking down out a process manufacturing plant can image depending upon the nature of data security across the cloud and on- get, with IoT sensors, intermediate gate- manufacturing process), robot-arms, prem as well as for the edge devices ways, and equipment, plant operators equipment and machine logs, RFID tags, with key management and encryption. often consider encryption at rest and on feet sensors, GPS devices. the wire above most other priorities. It must be able to detect anomalies Mostly structured data: Process con- in sensor data— in other words, ensure Auditing: This step is equally import- trol software applications (SCADA and legit sensors. ant to each of the above, but often gets forgotten It must allow main- or overseen in most en- taining strong encryp- terprises. Data auditing tion at the core, where broadly serves three data is often aggregated purposes in industrial as well as at the edge manufacturing: (i) assess where it is collected. that the data collected It must be able to is ft for a given purpose maintain audit trails for or use case, (ii) assess the activities throughout the impact of quality of data enterprise and institute a on the manufacturing robust data governance. performance, (iii) help root-cause attacks by It must allow creating maintaining audit trails. MES), web application and database a dashboard, showing potential threats by leveraging data science and machine Moreover, industrial manufactur- systems, HVAC and cooling systems, learning (ML) approaches to help get ers tend to distribute data across cloud precision measurement devices, HMI ahead of the intruders. (public, private, hybrid) and on-premises terminals, ERP applications, HR and bill- hardware as well as at the edge, mostly ing systems. In the event a cyberattack does oc- based on cost and time to market (TTM) External sources: Weather data, sup- cur, it should enable IT to identify the factors. Essentially, this practice results ply chain management (SCM) software, afected data assets quickly, so access to in silos, making it even more difcult to social media. them can be shutof right away, thereby institute best practices or implement ‘a’ limiting revenue loss and avoiding a PR solution to address all of the above. This This is obviously a very small sub- nightmare. also often increases the task of protect- set of information sources but gives 27 articles

worries have worsened now that the IoT Lack of control and asymmetry of the cannot be seen as a collection of inde- information: the user is often not aware pendent devices, but rather as a rich, di- of the treatment of data carried out by verse and wide ecosystem that includes devices with sensorization technology. aspects such as devices, communica- The conventional mechanisms used to tions, interfaces and people. obtain the users’ consent are considered as “low quality” consent due to the fact that on many occasions they are based on the lack of information that the user Lastly, it must allow for IT to make receives regarding the subsequent just the right amount of data available treatment of the personal details they to the data engineering and data sci- are providing. Moreover, this informa- ence teams. In other words, it must help tion can get into the hands of third par- IT keep the balance between securing ties without the user being aware of this. the enterprise and not stifing the inno- Moreover, whilst it is not a specifc vation that business demands. Low cost: in some cases, manufac- IoT issue, the lack of control that exists in The question remains that with no turers may be inclined to limit security technology such as cloud and Big Data real standards in place, one would have elements so as to guarantee a low cost, services, even the problem that arises to implement best practices and point therefore the product’s security is not from the combination of both can make solutions for each of the above. Al- able to protect it against certain types of the lack of control and the asymmetry of though this is a great place to start, the IoT attacks. information very evident in the realm of issues with this approach are that these IoT. Lack of experience: This is a fairly security information and event manage- new feld and as such there is a lack of Limitations in the possibility of main- ment (SIEM) software products usually experts in IoT cybersecurity that have taining anonymity when using services: don’t scale with increasing data or in- a background in threats or problems the advance in IoT technology will cause crease the overhead of data and tools that allow for putting the previous les- the loss of anonymity in the use of mul- management for IT, the end result being sons learned into practice regarding tiple services in which, as it currently missed threats or slower detection of this technology. They simply have some stands, this is taken as a given. In order them. general rules that must be applied to to protect said anonymity, it will be nec- this feld in an appropriate way. essary to improve the access control Summary of Risks and Weaknesses and encryption techniques, to develop Security failures in the device’s de- techniques which support the concept Currently, IoT technology presents sign and its exploitation: the most com- of Privacy by Design, avoid the inference a series of risks and vulnerabilities that mon practice is that manufacturers con- of information and maintain the privacy can be summarized as follows: centrate on reducing the launch time of the users’ location. of the products, sometimes neglecting Limited resources: the majority of IoT the phase where they design essential Security against efciency: when devices have limited capacities in terms cybersecurity elements (encrypting of balancing the optimization of the de- of processing, memory and power, thus transmitted information, access con- vice’s hardware resources with the se- advanced security measures cannot be trols, etc.). In many cases this is due to curity requirements that these devices efciently applied. the need to launch before competitors require, various challenges arise for Complexed ecosystem: The security do. manufacturers. Due to the fact that time

28 articles pressures when commercializing IoT But with some relatively simple cy- products are greater than in other felds, ber hygiene practices that stretch from this sometimes causes limitations in the the IT department to on-the-ground eforts to develop secure devices. Be- employees, organizations can stay con- cause of this, and sometimes also due to nected and still be safe from cyberat- budgetary issues, companies that devel- tacks. op IoT products put more emphasis on As the IoT continues to fourish, of- their functionality and usability than on fering an attractive future networking their security. Vasileios TSALIKIDIS paradigm, providing security for cyber- OF-1 (HE A) CIS Security & Cyber Defense Ofcer Unclear responsibilities: the lack of entities presents increasingly critical NRDC-GR/J6 clearly assigning responsibilities (man- challenges. These emerging challenges ufacturer/ service provider/user) could include creating more advanced cryp- give way for ambiguities and conficts tographic protocols, designing appro- should anything occur that afects secu- priate data management architectures, rity. This is especially true when consid- and developing strategies to manage ering the large and complex IoT supply the tradeofs among security, priva- chain. Furthermore, the issue regarding cy, and utility. Future research eforts how to handle security if a single com- should focus on providing security in ponent is shared by various parties re- heterogeneous network interactions mains unresolved. and applying compatible security mechanisms for cross-network authentication and authorization. Be both cautious and connected

Hackers are getting better at tricking us into handing over our credentials and that could spell disaster for a company that’s connected via IoT devices. For careless operators, an IoT-connected device could lead to breaches bigger and more invasive than we’ve ever seen.

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THE ACO INTERNATIONAL LEGAL CONFERENCE 2018

The 2018 ACO International Legal Conference held in Thessaloniki from 8th to 10th May was undeniable a great event with more than 90 attendees, speakers and moderators. It was co-organised by SHAPE and NRDC- GR Legal Ofces under the auspices of the Hellenic National Defense General Staf. It was a great pleasure and also an honor for me as part of NRDC-GR Legal team to cooperate with the ACO/SHAPE Legal ofce as well as with the Directorate of Legal Advisors Corps of the HNDGS.

During this conference, a focus was given on three equally import- experience, passed to the audience he presented the new demandable chal- ant topics which were: the explora- a political view of the southern fank lenges that Europe faces as well as the tion of the legal aspects with regards security challenges. Specifcally, US appropriate legal means Europe needs to threats emanating from NATO’s Consul General of Thessaloniki Ms. to undertake in order to handle them. southern fank, the consideration of Rebecca Fong who has served in the current legal challenges arising Afterwards, representatives from many diferent Consulates and Em- from cyber domain and the contem- diferent organizations and institutions bassies, particularly in the Middle plation of Women, Peace and Secu- came to the foor, setting the opera- East, before being assigned to Thes- rity Agenda (WPS). tional tone. saloniki. In her intervention, she em- The starting point for this Confer- phasized the US vision concerning The operational panel started with ence was the welcoming reception the security challenges of the south- Mr Hervé Caniard, who is the Head of hosted in the beautiful premises of the ern fank and the role of the US in this the Legal Afairs and Procurement Unit Naval Command of Northern Greece. matter. (LPU), Corporate Governance Division at This event was the perfect forum for FRONTEX and also acts as Head of the Ambassador James Moran is Associ- all the participants to get to know Transparency Ofce. He is co-chairing ate Senior Research Fellow for the Cen- each other and to start warm up disin 2018 the Legal Network of European tre for European Policy Studies. His long cussions on the relevant topics of the Union Agencies. He presented the legal service with the European Institutions Conference agenda. basis, mandate, operations, challenges, was spent entirely in external relations and perspectives of FRONTEX. His en- During the frst day, we had the and includes wide experience in Euro- deavor is based on European coopera- honor to welcome high ranking dip- pean foreign, security, trade and devel- tion on coast guard functions and border lomats, who, through their valuable opment policy in the Middle East, Asia management. According to Mr Caniard, and Africa. Due to his long experience, 30 articles

FRONTEX faces a new role concerning cerning Greece. Mr Daniel ESDRAS internal security and counter terrorism is the Special Envoy of the Director and to this endeavor he stated that, in General of the International Organi- FRONTEX perspectives are included the zation for Migration (IOM) to the Gov- implementations of a European travel ernment of Greece and Advisor of information and authorization system the Regional Director in matters con- by 2020. cerning the Mediterranean area. His long experience in IOM allowed him Then, the Italian BGen Roberto AN- to present an interesting vision of the GIUS, nominated as NATO Strategic Di- uprising challenges for this organisa- rection - South Hub Director by the Mili- tion in Greece. tary Committee in 2017, introduced the nean”. purpose of the NSD-S Hub, which is the Since NRDC-GR maintains a long and Then, Mr Nikos Panagiotou en- contribution to information sharing, sit- fruitful cooperation with the academ- lightened us with a presentation con- uational awareness and comprehensive ic community, the last panel of the day cerning “Disinformation as a major se- understanding, while monitoring and was dedicated to the academics, name- curity challenge in Southern Europe”. assessing the dynamics in the operating ly the distinguished professors Mr. Ilias His analysis on the spreading of fake environment of the South. The presen- Kouskouvelis and Mr. Nikos Panagiotou news and propaganda on social net- tation continued with the role of the in- and the specialist of Libya Ms. Aya Bur- works showed the importance of con- stitution within NATO, which is, among weila. Specifcally, Dr Ilias Kouskouvelis sidering these as threats for security. others, the provision of actionable rec- who is Professor of International Rela- Dr Panagiotou is Assistant Profes- ommendations to optimize NATO ef- tions and Director of the Laboratory of sor at the School of Journalism and forts concerning the South. International Relations and European Mass Media Communication of Aris- Integration at the University of Macedo- Additionally, Mr Daniel ESDRAS totle University. He has an extensive nia and currently the Dean of the School presented the IOM’s work and the dif- research work and currently he is a of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, ferent fgures related to migrant fows Google Research Scholar. He is the presented a topic concerning “Security with a special reference to those con- initiator and organizer of Thessaloniki Challenges in the Eastern Mediterra- International Media Summer Acade- my.

Later, Aya Burweila ofered an interesting presentation on the “Obsta- cles to security in Libya and the way forward”. Ms Burweila is Adviser at the Research Institute for European and American Studies and also a vis- iting professor at the Hellenic National Defense Academy (SETHA), where she lectures on the North African security theater. During this conference, she exposed the security challenges in Libya since the Arab Spring and the death of Muammar Gaddaf. She analyzed the impact of the political un- certainties and extremist militias ac-

31 articles

Regiment Deputy Commander, EW Battalion Commander, National In- telligence Service SIGINT Unit Com- mander and Signal Battalion Com- mander.

Finally, Cdr Spyridon Papageor- giou from Hellenic National Defence General Staf closed the cyber defense panel. He is Director of Cyber Defense Directorate and possesses signifcant experience in information security and cyber defense research and implementations. In pre- senting the topic: “Hunting the cyber threats: Intelligence Driven Incident Response”, he emphasized the im- of private actors with the passive de- tivities in that region, which led to an portance of a proactive work instead fense, attribution of cyber-attacks and unpresented continuing refugee crisis of a reactive one in cybersecurity. especially the concept of hack back, with serious efects in the feld of hu- Through his presentation he devel- an active cyber defense. His presen- man rights as a result of the increased oped the attacking and incident han- tation and comments were really ap- trafcking. dling process, the meaning of cyber preciated by the audience. During the second day, we ad- threat intelligence, the active defense dressed the Cyber Defense legal In his turn, Mr Miltiadis Sari- and the ways to hunt this threat. giannidis developed the principle of challenges. In the afternoon, NRDC-GR orga- non-intervention in cyberspace. He is Professor Theodore Christakis nized a wonderful feld trip to the ar- Assistant Professor in Public Interna- started with the topic: “Responding to chaeological site of Dion and Mythical tional Law at the Law Faculty of the the Cyber-Attacks: International Law Mountain of Olympus, which was a Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Issues”. Professor Theodore Chris- unique opportunity for the participants he is also a CIMIC expert in human- takis is Professor of International Law to discover the beautiful historical itarian law for NRDC-GR. at the Université Grenoble Alpes and places that Greece ofers. The dinner a Member of the Institut Universitaire Focusing on the military perspec- hosted at Mediterranean Palace Hotel de France. He is director of the Cen- tive, BGen Christos Athanasiadis, allowed all the participants to discuss tre for International Security and Eu- Commander of the Greek Army Signal the developments of the weekly con- ropean Studies and a deputy Director Training Center, addressed the cyber ference as well as to relax under the of the Grenoble Alpes Data Institute. evolution in NATO cyberspace and fantastic view of the sunset over the In his presentation, he explained the the importance to see cyberspace as sea. a domain of operations. He empha- diferent meanings and interpretations The last day was dedicated to sized the signifcance of situational by diferent States or institutions of Women, Peace and Security, working awareness, the persistent capability cyber-attacks and its challenges. He on resilience within society. presented the responses to cyber-at- for cyber defense and the integration tacks by States with the concept of of cyberspace in Alliance Operations The frst intervention was made cyber diligence and the mechanism of and Missions. Through his military by LTC Magdalena Dvorakova, who reaction. He also emphasized the role career he served at posts as ISTAR is the Head of the International Mili-

32 articles tary Staf Ofce of the Gender Advisor “resilience” and analyzing the gen- lished extensively on the feld of inter- since October 2015. Ms. Dvorakova der factors contributing to resilience. national human rights and internation- was also the Czech National Delegate Ms. Bellou made a parallel between al humanitarian law. for the NATO Committee on Gender women resilience in case of natu- This panel managed to recall the Perspectives from 2008 to 2015. She ral disaster and women resilience in audience the importance of taking into explained NATO historic milestones case of confict and she elaborated account gender in all aspects of the concerning WPS agenda, focused that during natural disasters, the role legal challenges arising in a confict. on UN Security Council Resolutions. of women has a profound multiplying Then, she analyzed the mechanisms positive efect in relief and recovery. To conclude, the diferent topics that the Alliance has already in place She closed her intervention by stating allowed all the participants to devel- to improve gender equality as well as the importance of a “gender analysis” op a better understanding of special the NATO policy and NATO Gender in building resilient societies in the aspects of International Law and will, Advisor structure. She emphasized context of conventional and non-con- surely, bring legal innovation in the the implementation of UNSCR 1325 ventional threats. near future. The mixed nature of the and the role of NATO Committee on conference, which means the partic- gender perspectives. Finally, Ms Kalliopi Chainouglou, ipation of civilian and military legal Assistant Professor of International advisors, has been an asset. It also Following, Ms Fotini Bellou, Assis- Law and International Institutions at brought together people from over 30 tant Professor of International Rela- the University of Macedonia, closed diferent nations providing cultural di- tions at the University of Macedonia the gender panel through a presenta- versity and a better understanding of and UNESCO Chair in WPS, made tion, concentrating on gender based the challenges worldwide. It has been her fruitful intervention. Ms. Bellou is violence in armed confict, explain- a great honor for NRDC-GR to host a Special Advisor to the NRDC-GR on ing its diferent forms and analyzing such high level professionals in Thes- civil-military cooperation and gender the established legal framework. She saloniki. NRDC-GR legal team is very aspects. Through her presentation, raised the problem of impunity in Con- proud for this event and expects to she focused on the engagement of fict-Related Sexual Gender-Based host such conferences in the future. gender perspective in building re- Violance as well as the impact on a silient societies, explaining the term community. Dr. Chainoglou has pub-

Diane TAVERNIER French International Law Specialist Legal and Gender framework analyst Intern for NRDC-GR/LEGAD ofce

33 articles

“TRIDENT JAGUAR 2018” THE LAST OF THE KIND

Exercise TRIDENT JAGUAR 2018 (TRJR 18) was an Allied Command Trans- formation-sponsored Computer Assist- ed, Command Post Exercise that trained and evaluated Multinational Joint Head- quarters (MN JHQ) Ulm and NATO Rapid Deployable Corps-Greece (NRDC-GR) in the planning and conduct of crisis response operations in a Small Joint Oper- ation (Land heavy). The aim of the exercise was to train, exercise and evaluate NRDC-GR in planning and conducting a Non Article 5 Crisis Response Small Joint Operations JTF HQ (Camp Prokopidi, Assiros) Land (SJO L) of limited complexity, un- including allied SOs from 18 Countries. the Core Planning Team Meeting 1 der direct command of Supreme Allied The biggest part of Exercise Control (CPTM1) took place at Joint Force Com- Commander Europe (SACEUR), in a mil- (EXCON) was deployed in Joint Warfare mand Brunssum (JFCBS) Netherlands. itary, civilian and asymmetric threat en- Center (JWC) in Stavanger Norway. 86 Initial Planning Conference (IPC) fol- vironment involving combat incidents SOs from NRDC-GR and 304 SOs NATO lowed at NRDC-GR in June where initial with high intensity moments. This exer- and contracted civilians from 21 Nations draft of the Exercise Plan (EXPLAN) and cise served as a venue to certify NRDC- simulated the higher Command, the Scenario Modules were presented while GR for JHQ stand-by period as agreed in Units on the ground, the Opposing Forc- relevant information for further devel- the Long Term Rotation Plan (LTRP). es (OPFOR) and created the challenging opment was captured. Participation and Trident Jaguar 2018 (TRJR18) has environment for the training audience manning requirements were confrmed. been the most challenging exercise in Thessaloniki to apply maximum per- Core Planning Team Meeting 2 (CPTM2) carried out by NRDC-GR. The exercise formance in a realistic way. at JFCBS in late August set the ground for next conference and action list was took place in THESSALONIKI area from The Exercise Planning Process start- drafted. Main Planning Conference 02 till 11 Jun 2018. 1192 Staf Ofcers ed back in January 2017 at the Exercise (MPC) was organized by MNHQ ULM at (SOs) deployed in ASSIROS and SINDOS, Specifcation Conference. In May 2017, Blaubeuren Germany in late September. Syndicate work and numerous meetings enhanced the links among the core players and identifed details and refned the Exercise Plan (EXPLAN). Exercise Planning sub phase IB Ac- ademics and sub phase IC Key Leaders Training (KLT) took place at NRDC-GR premises and Thessaloniki Ofcers’ JLSG HQ (Camp Levandi, Sindos) Club from 16 till 20 Oct 17. 2 SOs from 34 articles

Thessaloniki and 2 evaluators to Stavan- ger to evaluate both the JOPG and OLRT. All participants were profcient in Com- prehensive Operations Planning and sufciently acquainted with the use of TOPFAS software planning tool. The fnal product of the CRP for the HQ was the overarching documents used during the Command Post Exercise (CPX) (Phase III A/B) conducted in May and June. Oper- ations Plan (OPLAN) and Joint Coordina- tion Order (JCO) 01 were in use for the Force to apply its capabilities. Presentation During Phase IIA/B (CRP) Main Event List/Main Incident List SHAPE, 2 Senior Mentors and 29 SOs Planning Group (JOPG). During the CRP, (MEL/MIL) workshop 1 on 06 and 07 Feb and NATO civilians in close coordina- NRDC-GR sent its Operational Plan- 18 at JWC, achieved an alignment be- tion with NRDC-GR as Training Audience ning Liaison Element (OPLE) to support tween all stakeholders with the general (TA), organized plenary sessions, subject SHAPE’s CCOMC (Phase IIA) and its Oper- framework of the initial Exercise Design focused sessions for key personnel and ations Liaison and Reconnaissance Team and the MEL/MIL work plan. MEL/MIL syndicate work to enhance the knowl- (OLRT) to the Host Nation which was workshop 2 followed two weeks later. edge and common understanding of simulated at JWC, Stavanger Norway. 27 SOs travelled to JWC where Main In- the Joint/Operational level with the inte- NRDC-GR Joint Operations Planning cident List was refned under Main Event grated tactical level in the Headquarters Group (JOPG) was manned by planners List, Synchronization Matrix with key (HQ). In addition, Academics and KLT and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) from joint actions and incident timing was provided the attendees with a common supporting organizations. It was a wide drafted. Exercise Design was refned and view on the roles and responsibilities of efort supported by Component Com- execution plan for next MEL/MIL work- the major processes in the HQ. mands and aided by other participating shop was agreed. In parallel with work- Commands, 27 trainers from JWC and 2 Next major task was Phase IIA Stra- shop 2, CPTM3 from 20 till 21 February, Senior Mentors advising on the process. tegic Level Crisis Response Planning set the foundation for Final Coordination Other participants included supporting (CRP) and Phase IIB Operational Level Conference (FCC) by identifying action Units planners and Liaison Ofcers (LOs). CRP from 9 January until 26 January items and requirements for the Planning SHAPE J7 EVAL assigned 26 evaluators to 2018. CRP efort, led by NRDC-GR Plan- ning division/J5 branch, was the principal venue for certifying the staf’s ability to conduct crisis planning through the establishment of a Joint Operations

NRDC-GR JOPG Meeting NRDC-GR Planning Team deployed at JWC (Stavanger) 35 articles

Syndicates. Final version of EXPLAN was presented. FCC took place in Castlegate Germany from 06 to 08 March Final coordination activities were identifed where main players aligned all operational and functional aspects towards execution of Subphases IIIA (RSOM) and IIIB (Opera- tions). Last of MEL/MIL series workshop from 12 to 21 March at JWC, developed the script by writing injects based on the already developed Incidents (Storylines) that would challenge the operational Main CP (Camp Prokopidi, Assiros) level campaign plans of NRDC-GR and NRDC-GR MEL/MIL Group Working on the Exercise Senario support the Exercise Objectives of Ph Contributing Nations’ (TCN) deployment set up two big camps building 198 tents IIIB Execution phase. Training Audience plans. Tiring it may had been, a good and 64 containers providing 6.500m2 scripted creating a database in JEMM warmup it was for the fnal and most de- of workspace, 29500m2 of camoufage software tool. STARTEX positions for manding part of the play. net and coordinated the preparation all forces within the Joint Theatre Level of 13000 meal portions. CIS and Sig- Simulation (JTLS) were validated and an The road to the last big step was long nals Brigade, laid 58 Km of cable, more agreed MEL/MIL script and a STARTEX and demanding. The last procedures to than 2 Km of fber optics, set up almost package were signed. Execution Phase had been equally formi- 1000 laptops and 49 servers. Deployable dable. On the 10th of May, 35 signals col- The day to start the generators in Network Operations Communication leagues from 2nd NSB arrived in Assyros Asyros and Sindos camps for Phase II- (DNOC) transported and built EXCON and deployed “Dragonfy” connecting ID/A (Battle Staf Training and RSOM) information system services. Interopera- NRDC-GR with NATO network providing arrived. CIS people knitting their cables, bility and availability of all services were security of highest standards. NRDC-GR Real Life Support (RLS) personnel rush proved during Communication Exercise SPT DIV with Combat Support Battalion their way to arrange last details; Military (COMMEX) from 22 till 26 of May. (CSS Bn), applying tremendous efort, Police at the gates welcome the hasty assembly. Senior Mentors, Augmentees, Evaluators, Trainers, SOs from afliated Units set up their laptops challenging the servers. JEMM software is up and ready to set the machine on fre. NRDC- GR from 16 to 22 Apr demonstrated the deployment and capabilities of the Ini- tial Command Element (lCE) and Joint Logistics Support Group (JLSG) HQ. Bat- tle Staf Training (BST) fulflled the TA Commander’s requirements of conducting the decision making process within the HQ while Force Activation, deployment, RSOM and integration plans were simulated and synchronized with Troops JTF HQ SAB During Ex. TRJR18 36 articles

NRDC-GR Personnel Working in CJOC During Ex. TRJR18 Working Group During Ex. TRJR18

For the last play, Phase IIIB, major Thessaloniki optimized their procedures boards, synchronized with both Thes- part of EXCON was deployed in JWC in- preparing to counter the biggest chal- saloniki and Stavanger battle rhythms. stallations, in a bunker deep in the heart lenge the HQ ever faced. Last arrivals The next exercise days demonstrated of a mountain. More than 200 pax trav- completed the training and evaluation the preparedness, the skills and the fex- elled to Norway from almost all NATO teams enhanced by COM JWC and se- ibility of NRDC-GR SOs, challenged the community. The game was set and the nior mentors. Quite a puzzle had it been procedures and proved the usefulness strings were to be pulled 2400 Km from for HQ SPT to make the transportation of trainers’ advice and the good will and Thessaloniki. matrix good. collaborative spirit of the evaluators. For two days during EXCON Training, In the morning of 2nd of June, the The HQ did well, as concluded in players simulating the troops on the big day, machine was up and running. SHAPE evaluation report. NRDC-GR is a ground called Response Cells (RCs), sat Anxiety, agitation and eagerness was JHQ at stand-by period, as recommend- next to JTLS simulation software oper- in everybody’s eye. STARTEX message ed in evaluation document: “NRDC-GR ators validated their assets and studied from JWC activated the play. More than has successfully demonstrated the nec- their way through scenario. Senior Men- 400 injects made their way feeding the essary capabilities to execute Joint Task tors, JEMM managers, RC chiefs, OPFOR engine, triggering thousands of con- Force Command and Control of a SJO (L) players, tested injects while the TA in tacts, hundreds of meetings and tens of for the JHO standby period beginning July 2018”. To upkeep the machine in ft is HQ’s next aspiration.

Christos LEKKOS OF-4 (HE A) Chief Exercise NRDC-GR/J7 DV Day Ex. TRJR18, Assiros, Greece 37 articles

MUTUAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES FOR J8 STAFF OF GRF(L) HQS

time) evaluation exercise (ex TRJR-18) at both real life support (RLS) and exercise levels. Moreover, RRC-FR had its own objectives for that activity. Having procured SAGE 300 ERP, they had the opportunity to see a live presentation of NRDC-GR version of the software, and get tips regarding the imminent customization and implementation of SAGE 300 ERP. The outcome of the activity was mutually benefcial for the sister HQs, which transferred knowledge to each other, discussed issues concerning the fnancial community and standard Mutual Training Activities (MTAs) cision taken by FINCONs in 2017 made procedures already in place for their f- amongst the J8 personnel of GRF (L) HQs this practice ofcial within the commu- nancial functions. is a decision taken by FINCONs within nity. 2017, based on a proposal initially raised Currently, J8 stafs of ARRC and Within July 2015 our HQ’s J8 staf paid by NRDC-GR staf during the GRF (L) HQs’ NRDC-GR are planning a visit to be paid a visit to the 1st GNC (Munster, GERMA- Financial Controllers Conference 2016. by the former to the premises of the lat- NY). Having already procured the fnan- ter within February 2019 with the aim The concept of Mutual Training Ac- cial software SAGE 300 ERP and being to share the knowledge and experience tivities was already part of the culture at the customization process, NRDC-GR gained during exTRJR-18. of the J8 staf of GRF (L) HQs, although fnancial staf visited the 1st GNC, which unofcially, as the multinational HQs was one of the two HQs at that time MTAs amongst the J8 personnel of have always been approaching NATO using all the software’s modules under GRF(L) HQs is ofcially part of J8 mind- as a training pool, whereby the knowl- accrual basis accounting framework. set within GRF(L) HQs’ community and edge transfer comprises a privilege/ The outcome of the activity was beyond a tool available for everyone when deal- signifcant beneft of the Alliance. Con- initial expectations, as our HQ’s staf got ing with any near future challenges. sequently, such visits were already tak- quickly familiarized with the software’s ing place amongst HQs following one’s applications and its requirements from or another’s initiative. However, the de- a designing point of view, whilst was informed about shortfalls that could be avoided or mitigated in close cooperation with the supporting company.

Within March 2018 our HQ’s J8 staf paid a visit to RRC-FR (Lille, FRANCE). Stavros SIOMOS The aim of that activity was to gain OF-1 (HE A) knowledge, regarding the fnancial re- F&A Chief FISCAL quirements of the upcoming (at that NRDC-GR/J8

38 seminars - conferences COMPLETION OF THE HELLENIC LANGUAGE COURSE IN NRDC-GR

On May 25th, 2018, ofcers and family members of NATO Rapid Deploy- able Corps – Greece allied personnel, received their certifcates on the knowledge of the Hellenic Language, after the completion of the course (beginners and advanced), in a graduation ceremony that took place at the HQ premises, in Thessaloniki. The lessons were conducted by a graduate student from the University of Ioannina in History and Archaeol- ogy as well as post graduate studies at Neograzistik Freie Universitat of Berlin, while supervised by the Family Support wisdom and warfare. of the Joint Headquarters Support. Cross-cultural awareness is a force Brigadier General GOUMAS Anastasi- multiplier to both military staf and their os, the Director of the HQ Support, con- families, enhancing their adaptability gratulated the graduates of this signif- in the local societies around the globe. cant multicultural program. The event Language imposes its own structure took place at a recent renovated hall and importance on communication of NRDC-GR, dedicated to the ancient fows and personal networks. Greek goddess “Athina”, the goddess of

Military Staf and their families with confned knowledge of the local language skills tend to build supporting personal relationships with language mediators, while those with superior language capabilities are able to build broad contact networks within multinational organizations and their surrounding local societies. Language is often used as an informal mean of expertise in a multinational environment and this is why we see great value in this program.

3939 seminars - conferences

INTERNSHIP PROGRAM CONCLUDES SUCCESSFULLY

Οne year ago, NATO Rapid De- ployable Corps-Greece (NRDC-GR) introduced its internship program, an initiative aiming to give to students and post graduates the opportunity to practice within the NRDC-GR international community. The NRDC-GR Internship Program (NIP) consists of six month periods, last of which concludes on the 30th of July 2018. NIP has been signifcantly benefcial to both the interns and NRDC-GR, since the interns have been able to gain experience of an international organization working environment, while they have been an additional valuable asset over a set period of time, providing fresh engineering, logistics, human resources, The NIP is available not only to Greek, and out of the box ideas. fnancial administration and manage- but international candidates as well. The NRDC-GR Intern program fo- ment, accounting/auditing, information During the last period of the NIP, interns cuses on a wide variety of felds includ- technology, language service, journal- from Canada and France participated, ing: political science, international rela- ism, media communications and other covering positions of international relations, security studies, law, economics, relevant areas. tions and law. Students and post graduates inter- ested to participate in the next period may submit their applications until July 20th, 2018. Internship applications, whether coming through the National Military Representatives or directly from candidates, must be submitted using the application form, which can be found in the NRDC-GR website. Moreover, the candidates’ CV must be attached to the application form plus their language and academic certifcates. In addition, all interns have to submit a one-page es- say giving details on the motivation for an internship at NRDC-GR and on their expectations during the internship.

40 seminars - conferences

NRDC-GR CONDUCTS ADVANCED FAST FAS & DYNAMIC TARGETING

From 24th to the 28th of Sep- tember 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Greece conducted the “Ad- vanced FAST FAS & Dynamic Targeting” training, in the premises of NRDC-GR, organized by the Joint Fires Branch, with the participation of external personnel from NFS/NCS entities. The training consisted of a “Com- bined NFS/NCS Dynamic Targeting using FAST application”, in both Joint and Land perspective format. The course is designed in order to have the capacity to perform the prosecution of TST and skills to use FAST application; second, tent, a fruitful forum, where specialists is adequate to match similar training re- the course focused both on Land per- from diferent NFS/NCS had the chance quirements, either in NCS or NFS. spective, acting as LCC or Corps under to come together and exchange knowl- LCC and the Operational level, acting as edge and experience in their feld of ex- The intent of the above mentioned a JTF, achieving better adaptation in the pertise, adding value to the overall out- JFIRES training course was twofold. First, new joint environment. come of the event. to provide participants with the basic and advanced knowledge concerning The training concluded successfully, Dynamic Targeting/TST Process and the providing, additionally to its main in-

4141 seminars - conferences

NATO CLOSE AIR SUPPORT CONFERENCE

opportunities and challenges, while ing and equipment and were also availa- ATO Close Air Support (CAS) N various industry representatives as well ble for questions throughout the event. Conference 2018 took place at the Thes- provided displays relating to CAS train- saloniki Ofcer’s Club, from 24th to the 28th of September, with the participation of 185 ofcers from 30 NATO and non-NATO countries. The event was organized by HQ AIRCOM’s FAC Ca- pabilities Section and Air Liaison Of- fce and was hosted and supported by NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Greece (NRDC-GR). The theme of the seminar was “The NATO CAS Community: One Team, One Fight.” The seminar focused on harmonizing capabilities, standardization, and training across the Alliance CAS enterprise. The intent was to bring together Air Land Integration (ALI) experts from national militaries, NATO entities, and industry to examine CAS development 42 seminars - conferences

SETTING SAIL FOR EXERCISE GORDIAN KNOT 2019

From 26th to 28th Septemper, 2018 NATO Rapid Deployment Corps – Greece (NRDC-GR) conducted the Ini- tial Planning Conference (IPC), with the participation of representatives from all branches, the Host Nation, as well as its afliated Formations and Units.

The aim of the IPC was to present the exercise specifcations and milestones, to assemble the key exercise planning members and to identify the requirements for the Joint Headquarter and Ex- ercise Control. Commitments were developed and pertinent information was captured to develop the scenario and to set the way ahead.

The conference was very productive, defning the details needed for the successful planning of the exercise, estab- lishing a forum for fruitful discussion, being a precious milestone in the NRDC- GR preparation towards the upcoming Exercise “GORDIAN KNOT 2019”. 4343 seminars - conferences

MILITARY ENGINEER’S “DIADES OF PELLA” SEMINAR IN NRDC-GR JHQ

On October 11th 2018, NATO units as well as NRDC-GR personnel. port of a Comprehensive Operational Rapid Deployable Corps-Greece (NRDC- Process. Deputy Commander of NRDC-GR, GR) conducted the “DIADES of PELLA” Major General Ivan ORTOMAROV, wel- The aim of the Seminar was to im- Seminar at its premises. The Seminar comed the participants and highlighted prove knowledge, interoperability and was organized by JENG Branch and was the importance of the military engineer- communication within the Military En- attended by 15 representatives of other ing as well as the evaluation of Critical gineer (MILENG) NATO Community with NATO HQs, Afliated Formations and Infrastructure and its application in sup- regard to NRDC-GR’s role in the joint environment. Furthermore, during the Seminar, EX TRJR18 MILENG best practices and Lessons Identifed were discussed and analyzed. The Seminar was exceptional prof- itable, enhanced the NATO MILENG networking and common understanding with the sharing of information and knowledge while promoting the MILENG concepts and thinking in the frame of the “Comprehensive Approach”.

44 seminars - conferences

HELLENIC NATIONAL DEFENSE GENERAL STAFF ORGANIZES THE 14TH PLENARY IN NRDC-GR JHQ

On November 1st, 2018, Hellenic National Defense General Staf (HNDGS) organized the 14th plenary conference that was hosted by NATO Rapid Deploy- able Corps - Greece (NRDC-GR) Head- quarters, in Thessaloniki. Chief of Staf of NRDC-GR Major General Christos DRI- VAS welcomed all the participants, high- lighting the importance of this forum for the future of the HQ in the new multinational Joint environment. Brigadier General (HE AF) George DIMANTONIS, chairman of the plenary, further develop NRDC-GR. ble, constantly adapting, reliable HQ, in his opening remarks stated “Hellas, in ready to cope with future challenges. line with the expanding Alliance’s capa- The participating Nations represent- Through such events it reinforces the bilities, formally agreed to ofer NRDC- atives confrmed their commitment to Hellenic commitment to the Alliance, GR to the force pool of Joint HQs from support NRDC-GR, while they reached presents the HQ’s interoperability and the summer 2018 and for a two year a consensus in all discussed subjects. All capability to coordinate and cooperate period, according to NATO’s Long Term countries reafrmed their participation with NATO members, promoting open- Commitment Plan. In this way our Coun- in NRDC-GR. Additionally, the Bulgarian ness and transparency and built conf- try’s posture and profle inside the Alli- representative stated that Bulgaria will dence to the wider NATO community. ance’s Community was enhanced and increase its presence to the HQ. our commitment to NATO, upgraded”. NRDC-GR constitutes a highly capa- In addition, he emphasized that Hel- las as Framework Nation is ready to take any steps forward needed, in order to

4545 seminars - conferences

PEGASOS 2018 SEMINAR IN NRDC-GR JHQ

From 12th to 13th November 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps- Greece (NRDC-GR) conducted “PEGA- SOS-2018” Seminar at its premises. The Seminar was organized by J3 AIR Branch and was attended by 15 representatives of several NATO HQs, Afliated Forma- tions and units as well as number of NRDC-GR experts. Deputy Chief of Staf Operations (DCOS OPS) of NRDC-GR, Brigadier General Fernando Clavet BARRON, welcomed the participants and highlighted the importance of creating a common understanding from all Airspace users towards planning, organizing and executing operations in a Joint Operational Environment. The aim of the Seminar was twofold: to highlight the required contribution from each Airspace user and to analyze the specifc procedures related to Air- space Management to be followed during a Joint Operation. The Seminar was exceptionally con- structive and enhanced the networking and common understanding within the larger Air Operations community in the light of “Jointness”.

46 seminars - conferences

NRDC-GR ORGANIZES THE SENIOR RESOURCES COMMITTEE MEETING

From 27th to 29th November 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – GREECE (NRDC-GR) organized the NATO Finance Structure Graduated Readiness Forces (GRF) HQs Senior Resources Com- mittee (SRC) meeting, in which, fnancial and budget issues of the HQs were discussed. Apart from fnancial authorities of all NFS HQs, representatives from Ministries of Defense of all NATO member Nations and observers from ACT and EUCOM, attended the meeting. The chairman of the hosting HQ, NRDC-GR Financial Controller Colonel Theodoros TZOUVELEKIS, mentioned that SRC meeting, further contributed to the interaction between NATO entities and national authorities. The meeting concluded successfully for NRDC-GR as it got the approval from participating Nations representatives for its submitted 2019 budget proposal.

4747 seminars - conferences

NRDC-GR HOSTS THE TOPFAS USERS GROUP MEETING

On 4th and 5th December 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – GREECE (NRDC-GR) hosted the TOPFAS Users Group (TUG) meeting at its premises. The meeting was chaired by SHAPE/ J5 and was attended by representatives from NATO Command Structure and NATO Force Structure HQs and NCI Agency. The aim of the meeting was the identifcation and validation of TOPFAS requirements, as well as the acceptance of the functional capabilities of the software suite. The meeting concluded successfully as it fulflled its aim, providing an excellent opportunity for the evolution of TOPFAS tools.

48 community relations

DEFENCE ATTACHÉS VISIT NRDC-GR

On June 13th, 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps-Greece (NRDC-GR) welcomed the Foreign Defence At- tachés Association from Athens, who paid an ofcial visit in its Headquarters premises.

A briefng was presented to the De- fence Attachés Association regarding the structure, role and mission of the Headquarters as well as the successful outcome of the recently completed EX. Trident Jaguar 2018 and upcoming challenges of NRDC-GR as a Joint Task Force (Land).

Having completed its transformation to Joint Task Force (Land) HQ NRDC-GR constitutes a highly capable, adaptive, reliable NATO HQ, located at the Southeastern edge of Europe, ready to cope with future challenges. The De- fence Attachés group was presented the HQ’s capability to coordinate and fully cooperate with all NATO member states.

Colonel (DEU) Frank KAMMERER on behalf of Attachés Association’s Dean, thanked NRDC-GR for the reception and congratulated the HQ for the great success during the recent evaluation, that “puts NRDC-GR HQ among NATO’s best”.

4949 community relations

NRDC-GR HONORS ROMANIAN FLAG DAY

On June 22nd, 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps-Greece (NRDC-GR) celebrated the Romanian National Day, with a fag raising ceremony in front of the main building of the HQ at Pedion Areos camp. The event honored with their presence the Commander of NRDC-GR, the Romanian general consul of Thessaloniki, the entire staf of the HQ as well as Romanian invitees living in Thessaloniki.

Colonel Silviu-Dan ARDELEANU, the Romanian Senior National Representa- tive in NRDC-GR, in his speech mentioned: “Flag Day symbolizes Romania’s independence. Romania’s national fag is a tricolor blue, yellow, red, with colors arranged in vertical bands of equal size. The 3 colors symbolize 3 Romanian provinces - Wallachia (yellow), Moldavia (red), and Transylvania (blue). Today, the Romanian fag is the symbol of a modern and democratic state, a member of NATO and the European Union, a hope- ful ally, a benchmark for stability, and a security provider in Southeast Europe”.

Furthermore, he highlighted “This year Romanians celebrate 100 years of existence of modern Romania. At the same time preparations are in full swing for the frst half of next year when Ro- tive expressed his warmest wishes for anniversary, and expressed his appreci- mania will hold the Presidency of the a stronger collaboration between the ation for the signifcant contribution of EU Council, starting January 1st, 2019. NATO countries. the Romanian staf to all the last years’ These are two landmarks of critical im- successes. portance for Romania and also, in a Commander of NRDC-GR Lieutenant wider context, for an ever evolving Eu- General BIKOS Dimitrios congratulated ropean Union”. Concluding his speech the entire Romanian contingent and the Romanian National Representa- the Romanian representatives for this

50 community relations

NRDC-GR CELEBRATES FRENCH NATIONAL DAY

The French National Flag is formed with three colored vertical stripes of the same size. Blue and red come from the colors of the militia of Paris, which was of specifc infuence during these very violent times. The white was the traditional color of the Monarchy.

Today Article 2 of the current consti- tution specifes: “the national emblem is the blue white red three-color fag”.

As for the national day, the 14th of July celebrates two discrete events. Firstly, on the 14th of July seventeen eighty-nine (1789) the people of Paris assaulted LA BASTILLE, a castle that was On July 13th, 2018 NATO Rapid the French Senior National Representa- a royal jail. Its fall appeared as the sym- Deployable Corps – Greece Headquar- tive in the HQ both the Flag and the na- bol of the end of the absolutism, and ters (NRDC-GR HQ) celebrated altogeth- tional day fnd their origins during the by extension became a celebration of er the French Flag and the French Na- French Revolution era, in the last dec- the Republic. Secondly, one year later, tional Day with a fag raising ceremony. ade of the eighteenth century. During on the 14th of July seventeen ninety The event honored with their presence the revolutionary war, three-color fags (1790), the revolutionary regime cel- Commander of NRDC-GR, the French were given directly to the military units, ebrated magnifcently but peacefully consul of Thessaloniki, the entire staf of as symbols of their status and respon- this time the Federation Day, gathering the HQ as well as French invitees living sibilities, as the “The French People in representatives from all over of France, in Thessaloniki. arms”. Since France has kept the same thus representing national unity. fag, and military units still have their According to a speech delivered by NRDC-GR Commander expressed own ofcial three colored combat fag. his congratulation to the French contingent and the French representatives for this day and pointed out that NRDC- GR is proud too, having them among its staf and grateful for their signifcant contribution to all the last years’ successes. The event concluded with a reception that took place in the premises of the HQ.

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HELLENIC ALTERNATE MINISTER OF DEFENCE VISITS NRDC-GR HQ

he added “I am proud for the HQ achieving excellent results during the recent NATO evaluation as JTF HQ.”

Lieutenant General Dimitrios BIKOS welcomed the Alternate MoD to the HQ and expressed his great pleasure and honor for today’s visit. Additionally he said “NRDC-GR remains an essential NATO Force Structure HQ and vital tool for national defence diplomacy recognizing the signifcance of the Alliance according the principles of Democracy, Sovereignty and common Security”.

After the memorabilia exchange, On September 6th, 2018, NATO of defence diplomacy in Greece. Addi- the Alternate MoD singed the HQ’s Rapid Deployable Corps – Greece Com- tionally he pointed out the importance Guest book which was followed by a mander, Lieutenant General Dimitrios of defence and military diplomacy in or- commemorative family photo in front BIKOS, welcomed in the Headquarters’ der to reach peace, security and stabil- of NRDC-GR HQ. Such important vis- premises the Alternate Minister of De- ity, not only in Balkans but worldwide as its is an opportunity for NRDC-GR to fence (MoD) Mr. Panagiotis RIGAS, who well, adding that the use of force should promote its success as well as enhanc- paid an ofcial visit, accompanied by be the last measure to implement and ing perception about HQ’s key role in a the Chief of the Army LGEN Alkiviadis only if all other soft power tools of ne- challenging geostrategic location. STEFANIS. gotiations fail.

After an ofcial welcome ceremony, Further more Chief of the Army a briefng was delivered to the distin- LGEN Alkiviadis STEFANIS expressed his guished visitor regarding the structure, gratitude to the Alternate MoD for the role and mission of NRDC-GR as well as visit and his support to NRDC-GR and the upcoming challenges during the Stand By Period of NATO Long Term Rotation Plan (LTRP), where HQ participates after its transformation to Joint Task Force (JTF) HQ.

Alternate MoD Mr. Panagiotis RIGAS, addressing to the staf he expressed his appreciation to the Allied personnel for their performance and highlighted the importance of NRDC-GR in the content

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USA DEFENCE ATTACHÉ VISITS NRDC-GR HQ

On September 7th, 2018, the USA Defense Attaché Captain (USN) Timothy KETTER, accompanied by Colo- nel Jay GARDNER, Director of the Ofce of Defence Cooperation, paid an ofcial visit to NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Greece in the framework of the Thes- saloniki’s International Trade Fair where USA is the Honored Country.

After an ofce call with the Com- mander of NRDC-GR, Lieutenant Gen- eral Dimitrios BIKOS, a briefng was delivered to the distinguished visitors regarding the structure, role and mission of NRDC-GR as well as the upcoming challenges during the Stand By Pe- riod of NATO Long Term Rotation Plan (LTRP), where HQ participates after its transformation to Joint Task Force (JTF) HQ.

USA Defense Attaché Captain (USN) Timothy KETTER, expressed his great appreciation for all personnel eforts driven to the last years’ successes and his confdence that NRDC-GR HQ will be capable to accomplish any assigned mission in the future.

After the memorabilia exchange, the USA Defense Attaché signed the HQ’s Guest book which was followed by a commemorative family photo in front of NRDC-GR HQ.

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US SENATOR VISITS NRDC-GR HQ

On September 8th, 2018, the US Senator Ron JOHNSON, Chairman of the subcommittee on Europe and Regional security Cooperation, accompanied by the USA Defense Attaché Captain (USN) Timothy KETTER, paid an ofcial visit to NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Greece.

The Senator was welcomed by the Hellenic National Defense General Staf Chief, Admiral Evangelos APOSTOLAKIS and the Commander of NRDC-GR, Lieu- to the staf, expressed his pleasure for tenant General Dimitrios BIKOS. the visit in Greece, referring to it as the birth place of democracy. “NATO is of After an ofcial welcome ceremony, great importance and military staf pro- a briefng was delivered to the distin- vides security for the prosperity of our guished visitor regarding the structure, people. USA appreciates the contribu- role and mission of NRDC-GR as well as tion of its allies and the loses that have the upcoming challenges during the been sufering” he added. stand by period as a Joint HQ, participating in the NATO Long Term Rotation Both the Hellenic National Defense Plan (LTRP). General Staf Chief, Admiral Evangelos APOSTOLAKIS and Lieutenant General Senator Ron JOHNSON, addressing Dimitrios BIKOS expressed their pleasure and honor for the Senator’s visit.

After the memorabilia exchange, the US Senator signed the HQ’s Guest book which was followed by a commemorative family photo in front of NRDC-GR HQ.

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SERZE LAZAREFF PRIZE

NATO Legal activities, following the way paved by him. The aim of this Prize is to honor the individual that with his work increased the NATO legal status.

Serge Lazaref was an exceptional scholar, lawyer and legal practitioner, who among his various and extended merits and achievements, helped and developed the NATO statute, by writing numerous books and developing the NATO SOFA, acting as an interpreter and providing aide notably as Legal Adviser to the Commander-in-Chief of the Al- lied Forces Central Europe (NATO) (Gen- eral Eisenhower) during the drafting of the NATO Treaty.

The Serge Lazaref Prize for meritori- The award of Lieutenant Colonel Va- n September 20th 2018, Lieu- O ous legal seniors in recognizing of the sileios KARATZIAS proved his high pro- tenant Colonel Vasileios KARATZIAS, importance work Mr. Lazaref carried fessionalism and legal skills and was a Director of the NRDC-GR Ofce of Legal during all his life on behalf of NATO, great honor for NRDC-GR. Advisor, was awarded by SHAPE with established to recognize people who, the 2018 ‘Serge Lazaref Prize’ for his ofered signifcate contribution to the continuous support and long standing cooperation with the NATO legal services. This ofcer has been a major facilita- tor to urgent and complex legal matters relating to NATO legal operations, contributing with his professional capacities to many of SACEUR’s initiatives.

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UNITED KINGDOM JOINING CEREMONY TO NRDC-GR JHQ

On September 28th, 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Greece Joint Task Force Commander Lieutenant General Dimitrios BIKOS, welcomed in the premises of the Headquarters (NRDC-GR JTF HQ) the British Honorary Consul Mrs Maria Tsakali and the British Defense Attaché, Captain Tim FERNS RN, on the occasion of the ofcial ceremony, conducted for the United King- dom Flag joining to the Joint HQ.

The United Kingdom Contingent has joined NRDC-GR JHQ as Partner Na- tion since June 19th, completing a road map started with the 13th NRDC-GR Plenary in 2017.

NRDC-GR COM Lt. General Dimitrios Bikos, thanked the British Ambassador and Defense Attaché, as well as, the British Consul for their eforts to fnalize the process of the British Contingent’s inclusion to NRDC-GR. Additionally, he wished “all the best to UK Armed Forces and even more Health and Prosperity for the British people.”

Captain Tim FERNS RN, expressed his pride and honor that the British Flag lies among the rest of NRDC-GR HQ and highlighted his county’s commitment to the security of the Alliance, adding “we train and work together, we are stronger together.”

The ceremony concluded with a family photo in front of the main en- trance and a reception in the premises of the HQ.

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UK DEFENCE ATTACHÉ VISITS NRDC-GR HQ

On October 1st, 2018, the UK De- fense Attaché Captain (RN) Tim FERNS paid a visit to the premises of NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Greece HQ.

After an ofce call with the Com- mander of NRDC-GR, Lieutenant Gen- eral Dimitrios BIKOS, a briefng was delivered to the distinguished visitor regarding the structure, role and mission of NRDC-GR as well as the upcoming challenges during the Stand By Pe- riod of NATO Long Term Rotation Plan (LTRP), where HQ participates after its transformation to Joint Task Force (JTF) HQ.

The UK Defense Attaché signed the HQ’s Guest book and a commemorative family photo in front of NRDC-GR HQ followed.

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NRDC-GR CELEBRATES THE GERMAN FLAG DAY

On October 5th 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Greece Head- quarters (NRDC-GR HQ) celebrated the German Flag Day, in accordance with the German Reunifcation Day on the 3rd of October 1990, in its premises at Pedion Areos camp. The event honored with their presence the Deputy Commander Major General Ivan OR- TOMAROV, the German General Consul of Thessaloniki, Mr Walter Stechel, the entire staf of the HQ as well as German invitees living in Thessaloniki.

According tο a speech delivered by the German National Representative in years ago, namely the uniforms of the teers came under the Prussian Major the HQ, “Germany’s national fag is a tri- “Lutzow Frei – Corps”. The volunteers von Lutzow from all over Germany and color black, red, and yellow. An origin of Corps consisted mostly by students brought very diferent uniforms and ci- the colors lies in the wars of liberation who formed against the occupation of vilian clothes with them, the only way against Napoleon in 1813, about 200 Germany by France. Since the volun- to produce a common uniform was to

58 community relations color the diferent colored uniforms black. There were golden (brass colored) buttons added, and fnally red as the color of badges charges and advances. This color scheme was also interpreted from the wars of liberation, out of the blackness of servitude (black), through bloody battles (red), to the golden light of freedom (yellow)”.

Furthermore, he emphasized that “Even the happiest moments of post – war German history, the fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunifcation 28 years ago, have a European dimension. With- out overcoming the division of Europe, the German unit would not have been possible. The restoration of the national unity of our country was reserved condition for Europe, to grow together in a Union Western, Central, Southern and Eastern European countries.”

Concluding his speech, the German National Representative expressed his deepest gratitude to the neighbors, foreign friends, and partners, without whom Germany could not celebrate the birthday of the reunifed Germany and to Greece, as a Host Nation, for the comradely cooperation, hospitality, and support.

Major General Ivan ORTOMAROV congratulated the German contingent for the Flag Day and expressed his appreciation for their contribution to the recent HQ’s successes. Additionally, he wished all the best to his new assign- ment and welcomed the new SNR at the HQ. After this traditional ceremony, a small reception was held in the HQ’s premises.

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NRDC-GR CELEBRATES THE SPANISH NATIONAL DAY

On October 12th 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Greece (NRDC-GR) celebrated the Spanish Na- tional Day, with a fag raising ceremony which took place in front of the main building of the Headquarters at Pedion Areos Camp in Thessaloniki. The event honored with their presence the Depu- ty Commander NRDC-GR Major General Ivan ORTOMAROV, the Honorary Consul of Spain Mr Samuel NAHMIAS, the entire HQ staf as well as family members and Spanish invitees living in Thessa- loniki.

Brigadier General Fernando BARRON CLAVET, the Senior National Represent- ative of Spain (SNR), addressed the HQ on the meaning of the day. During his speech, he highlighted the legitimate pride for the glories of the long history of Spain from the Past Empire until the days when the Iberian kingdoms de- cided to walk together as a nation.

Furthermore he added “Our National

Day symbolizes the historical Ephemeri- the Kingdoms of Spain under the same des in Spain, in which at the same time monarchy, starts a period of Linguistic of concluding a process of construc- and cultural projection beyond of Euro- tion of the State, with the integration of peans borders. This is what this old fag

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Deputy Commander of NRDC-GR congratulated the entire Spanish contingent and the Spanish representatives for this day and expressed his appreciation for the signifcant contribution of the Spanish staf to all the last years’ successes. After the ceremony a small reception was held in the HQ where traditional homemade tastes were ofered and cultural events took place.

represents. A fag that proudly waved across the fve continents taking within its fold the ambitions, the character, as well as the sacrifce of millions of ordi- nary Spaniards who built what are today, with their toil and blood.”

Concluding his speech the Span- ish National Representative expressed his commitment to the objectives and goals of the NRDC-GR HQ, his gratitude for the “floxenia” that the Greek Nation generously dispenses for the Spanish soldiers in NRDC-GR HQ and his pride for serving in this fne community of brothers-in-arm.

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NRDC-GR PARTICIPATES IN THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL THESSALONIKI HALF MARATHON

through the city center and fnishing in experience for its runners too. It is worth Οn October 13th 2018, NATO the monument of the White Tower, in noting that the runners, who fnally par- Rapid Deployable Corps – Greece Head- front of numerous spectators, who cel- ticipated, were more than 16000, from quarters (NRDC-GR HQ) participated ebrated the event. 56 countries and 5 continents with the in the 7th International Thessaloniki age of them varied from 12 up to 86 The 7th International Thessaloniki Night Half Marathon. The NRDC-GR HQ years old. running team, a total of 181 partici- Night Half Marathon was an amazing pants from 12 countries including family members, ran along with students, champions, celebrities and political fgures from the city, signifying once again, the excellent esprit de corps of the HQ, the multinational spirit of cooperation, the dynamic character of its members and their desire to be part of the city’s culture.

The NRDC-GR HQ runners participated in both the 21,1km and the 5 km street race, with starting point Thes- saloniki’s City Hall, following a route

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NRDC-GR CELEBRATES THE TURKISH NATIONAL DAY

He highlighted the signifcant role of Turkey, as an important contributor to the world peace throughout its membership to NATO as well as its stabiliz- ing role to the region. Additionally, he added that Turkey attaches importance to the continuation of NATO’s principal role throughout European-Atlantic region and preservation of its characteristic of being a transatlantic forum on which member nations have politico- military consultations on subjects concerning security.

He concluded his speech express- ing his gratitude to the participants of the ceremony for their presence and to ofcial name “the Republic of Turkey”. Greece as Host Nation for the hospitality n October 25th 2018, The Turk- After that, a vote was held in the Grand O provided to him. The ceremony closed ish Republic Day was celebrated at National Assembly and Mustafa Kemal with a small reception, in the HQ’s NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Greece Atatürk was elected as the frst Presi- premises. (NRDC-GR), in commemoration of the dent of the Republic of Turkey. Since 95th Anniversary of the Proclamation of then, every year, the 29th of October is the Republic of Turkey, with a fag rais- celebrated as Republic Day in Turkey. ing ceremony which took place in front of the main building of the Headquar- ters at Pedion Areos Camp in Thessalon- iki. The event honored with their presence the Deputy Commander NRDC-GR Major General Ivan ORTOMAROV, the Turkish General Consul Mr. Orhan Yal- man OKAN, distinguished guests and the entire staf of the HQ.

Major Ahmet Ali Emre SARIGOZ, as Senior National Representative of Tur- key in NRDC-GR during his speech, mentioned that the history of the Republic Day dates back to the 1920s. After the Turkish Independence War, on the 29th of October 1923, the status of the Na- tion was declared as a republic and its

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NRDC-GR CELEBRATES THE ITALIAN NATIONAL UNITY & ARMED FORCES DAY

On November 2nd 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Greece (NRDC-GR) celebrated the Italian Na- tional Unity and Armed Forces Day, with a fag raising ceremony. The event honored with their presence, the Deputy Commander NRDC-GR Major General Ivan ORTOMAROV, the Honorary Con- sul of Italy Mr Christos SARANTOPOU- LOS, the entire HQ staf as well as family members and Italian invitees living in Thessaloniki.

Brigadier General Vittorio Antonio STELLA, the Senior National Repre- sentative of Italy, addressed the HQ on the meaning of the day, stating that on territory from the Austro-Hungarian oc- red vertically striped to recall the coun- November the 4th, Italy celebrates the cupation, with the entry of the Italian try’s plains and hills; the white snow- National Unity and Armed Forces Day, victorious troops in Trento and Trieste.” capped Alps; and the blood generously in remembrance of the glorious end of spilt in the war of independence and Additionally, he emphasized the World War I. unifcation”, he added. support of Italian volunteers and gari- Furthermore he added “Today’s baldinians to Hellenic patriots during Concluding his speech the Italian tribute is therefore to commemorate the Greek independence wars. “After National Representative expressed his one hundred years later the histori- that, the tribute of the Italian blood in gratitude to Greece and NRDC-GR HQ, cal date which marked for Italy on the favor of the common ideal of freedom for celebrating together this unique 4th of November 1918 the end of WW continued during the Great War, under commemoration, on the centennial of I, the “Great War”, as a result of the long the Italian TRICOLORE, green, white and the end of WWI. struggle for the liberation of the Italian Deputy Commander of NRDC-GR congratulated the entire Italian contingent and representatives for this day and expressed his appreciation for the signifcant contribution of the Italian staf to all the last years’ successes. Af- ter the ceremony a small reception was held in the HQ where traditional homemade tastes were ofered and cultural events took place.

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NRDC-GR CELEBRATES THE POLISH NATIONAL DAY

On November 9th 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Greece (NRDC-GR) celebrated the National Day of Poland. The event honored with their presence the Commander NRDC-GR, Lieutenant General Dimitrios Bikos, the Polish Deputy Ambassador Mr Tomasz Wisniewski, distinguished guests and the entire staf of the HQ.

Mr Wisniewski addressed the HQ on the meaning of the day. During his speech, he mentioned “On the 11th of November, 1918, exactly a century ago, the dream of generations of Poles came true: the Polish state was reborn and reappeared on the map of Europe after 123 years of non-existence”

Furthermore he added “That independence, sovereignty and freedom cannot be taken for granted. Strong international dialogue and cooperation are key to our stability, security and prosperity. Poland remains strongly committed to cooperation with partners and allies from NATO with an aim of ensuring peace and stability. I can acknowledge our readiness to engage and support NATO operations”.

NRDC-GR HQ appreciates the signifcant contribution of the Polish staf to all the last years’ successes.

The event concluded with a reception in the HQ premises.

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NRDC-GR CELEBRATES THE ALBANIAN NATIONAL DAY tributing member of NATO and is close to meet its second strategic objective, to become part of united Europe. We believe that is an inherent right not only due to our geographical location but also due to our cultural heritage and historic ties with our neighbors. The Al- banian people and the entire political leadership are committed and deter- mined to contribute to this goal”.

Concluding his speech, the Albanian National Representative expressed the deepest respect to the participating nations and his gratitude to the host nation, Greece, for the hospitality, the warm friendly environment and the support provided. Deputy Commander of NRDC-GR, Major General Ivan OR- TOMAROV, congratulated the SNR for this day and expressed his appreciation for the signifcant contribution of the Albanian staf to the past years HQ’s successes. The event concluded with a small ceremony in the HQ facilities.

guished guests and the staf of the HQ. On November 23th 2018, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Greece Lieutenant Colonel Petraq CIKO, the (NRDC-GR) celebrated the National Day Senior National Representative (SNR) of Albania, with a fag raising ceremony of Albania, addressed the HQ on the which took place in the Headquarters meaning of the day. During his speech, premises, at “Pedion Areos” Camp in he mentioned “On 28th of November Thessaloniki. The event honored with we commemorate the Albanian dec- their presence the Deputy Commander laration of national independence. It of NRDC-GR, Major General Ivan OR- came 106 years ago and it is the most TOMAROV, the Albanian Consul of Thes- important act in our history”. Further- saloniki, Mrs Enkelada RAMZI, distin- more he added “Albania is now a con-

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NRDC-GR COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES

Team work and comradership are values that are strongly promoted by our teams and clubs and they are fully alienated with the spirit of our HQ. Active community relations programs enhance morale and build strong relations amongst the personnel and their families. In the light of fostering these relations, the NRDC-GR HQ has formed various teams and clubs such as:

NRDC-GR Women’s International Club (NGWIC)

NGWIC is a voluntary membership whithin the NRDC-GR Morale & Warefare programme.NGWIC organizes a variety of activities and multinational events in order to bring together the various na- tionalities involved in the NRDC-GR by fostering good relationship and mutual understanding

NGWIC Visit to Petralona Cave, Chalidiki, Greece 6767 community relations

NGWIC Visit at the lakeside city of Kastoria, Greece

NGWIC Visit to Winnery, Chalkidiki, Greece NGWIC Visit to Meteora, Greece 68 community relations

NRDC-GR Sailing Team

Greece has extraordinary conditions for the practice of sailing. Among the european countries, Greece has more coastal area than any other, has a long and wide sailing tradition and the weather and its numerous islands spread in the Aegean Sea create optimal condition for navigation. Those are the main reasons why a group of NRDC-GR members, together with their families, have joined sailing open-sea courses supported by Nautical Club of Thessa- loniki. Sailing could be a nice adventure to be shared with families and friends. It makes you discover unbelievable sea views and visit unforgettable places in island. NRDC-GR Sailing trip

NRDC-GR Sailing Team members receiving their diplomas at Nautical Club of Thessaloniki 6969 community relations

NRDC-GR Running Team

NRDC-GR Running Team is a vol- NRDC-GR Running Team at “13th Alexander The Great Marathon”, Thessaloniki, Greece untary membership club, defned as a group of people associated together, not by how fast or far they can run, but by the spirit and passion they are willing to display in doing so. Running team founded by SOF (Special Ops Forces) section on July 2018, passes its main aim: the improvement of the physical condition of the personnel and the overall melioration of their way of living. Currently there are two running groups (options):

a. First group (for the ones that are biginners and run occasionally): every Tuesday and Thursday.

b. Second group (for more experi- enced runners, who had some previous experience with running): every mon- day and Wednesday.

Last but not least, our Team represents the HQ to social running events. NRDC-GR Running Team at “7th International Thessaloniki Night Marathon”, Greece

NRDC-GR Running Team at “Leonidas Trophy”, Thermopyles, Greece

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NRDC-GR Scuba Diving Team

NRDC-GR Scuba Diving Team is a voluntary membership club, which ad- dresses to the personnel of the HQ, including their families, who are or want NRDC-GR fag waving underwater to get involved in the fascinating sport.

Experiencing the wonder of the underwater world is a door that can only be opened by learning to scuba dive.

Greece ofers unique opportunities for practicing in scuba diving, so this team is a great chance for the person- NRDC-GR Scuba Diving Team at Chalkidiki, Greece nel, enchancing also the team spirit of the HQ.

NRDC-GR Scuba Diving Team

NRDC-GR Ski Team is a fun loving group that likes the feeling of the bracing air on their faces and the rush of snow be- neath their skis, away from cares and ten- sions of daily life.

Membership is for every NRDC-GR personnel as well as their family members and the only thing they need is to embrace every skiers quote “It’s not about how many times you fall, but how many times you get back up”.

A variety of activities will be scheduled during the winter season in the nearby mountains in order to not only improve team’s ski skills but also strengthen the NRDC-GR Ski Team training at ski simulator, Thessaloniki ,Greece bond among personnel. 7171 community relations

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Monument of Alexander the Great King of the Ancient Greek Kingdom of “Macedon”