DOCSLIB.ORG

Post Coital Bleeding

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Post Coital Bleeding Post coital bleeding Information for patients Gynaecology You have been asked to attend the post-coital bleeding (PCB) clinic by your GP, practice nurse or clinic. This clinic is for problems relating to the cervix (the opening between the vagina and the womb) which is not associated with your smear test results. This can be post-coital bleeding (PCB), polyps on the cervix, irregular bleeding, heavy discharge, an unusual appearance of your cervix and sometimes to take your routine smear test if it cannot be performed in the surgery. What is post-coital bleeding (PCB)? PCB is vaginal bleeding which happens during or immediately after sexual intercourse, which is not related to your period. What causes PCB? Often there is no explanation why you bleed after sexual intercourse. However it can be due to: • an infection • polyps, non-cancerous growths in the uterus (womb) or on the cervix (neck of the womb) • vaginal dryness • vaginal trauma • cervical ectropion (normal and harmless cells that line the inside of the cervical canal are found on the outside of the cervix) • abnormal cells on the cervix • cervical or vaginal cancer (very rare) Why have I been referred to the hospital? Any bleeding which is not related to a period should be investigated. Your GP will be able to carry out some tests. If the bleeding continues or you are worried, you can be seen in the Gynaecology Outpatient Department for further testing. What can I expect when I attend the clinic? The doctor or specialist nurse will ask you some general questions about your health and some more specific questions about the bleeding. PD8022-PIL3363 v4 Issue Date: August 2021. Review Date: August 2024 It would be extremely helpful if you could provide the date of your last menstrual period, what contraception method you use, details of any allergies, and the names of any medication that you are taking. You will be taken to a separate and private room to undress. We will ask you to remove your clothes from the waist down and to cover yourself with a sheet. You will then lie on a special couch which has supports for your legs. The doctor or specialist nurse will gently insert a speculum into the vagina, which is the same instrument used to perform your cervical screening test (smear). During the speculum examination, the doctor or specialist nurse may need to take a further cervical sample or swabs. They may also need to take a small biopsy (sample of tissue) from the cervix or from inside your uterus. The doctor or specialist nurse may also use a colposcope, which is an instrument that magnifies the cervix and allows the cervix to be seen more closely. It does not enter the vagina. Following the examination, the doctor or specialist nurse may arrange an ultrasound scan. How do I get my results and how long will this take? We will write to you and your GP once we have the results. The results of all the tests are usually ready within 3 weeks. We will send you a follow up appointment and information if any further treatment is required. If you have an infection we will ask you to collect a prescription for antibiotics from your GP. We may refer you to the Genito-Urinary Medicine (GUM) clinic. Is there anything I can do to help myself? There is usually nothing you can do to stop the bleeding. It is important that you have your cervical screening test when they are due and have sexual health screening for infections as required. Is there anything to look out for when I go home? This will depend on any tests performed during the examination. Your doctor or specialist nurse will discuss this with you. Who can I contact if I have any questions? If you need any further information then please do not hesitate to contact: • Gynaecology Outpatient Department: 0114 226 8441 Alternative formats can be available on request. Email: [email protected] © Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2021 Re-use of all or any part of this document is governed by copyright and the “Re-use of Public Sector Information Regulations 2005” SI 2005 No.1515. Information on re-use can be obtained from the Information Governance Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals. Email [email protected] PD8022-PIL3363 v4 Issue Date: August 2021. Review Date: August 2024.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Physiology of Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction
    International Journal of Impotence Research (2005) 17, S44–S51 & 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0955-9930/05 $30.00 www.nature.com/ijir Physiology of female sexual function and dysfunction JR Berman1* 1Director Female Urology and Female Sexual Medicine, Rodeo Drive Women’s Health Center, Beverly Hills, California, USA Female sexual dysfunction is age-related, progressive, and highly prevalent, affecting 30–50% of American women. While there are emotional and relational elements to female sexual function and response, female sexual dysfunction can occur secondary to medical problems and have an organic basis. This paper addresses anatomy and physiology of normal female sexual function as well as the pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction. Although the female sexual response is inherently difficult to evaluate in the clinical setting, a variety of instruments have been developed for assessing subjective measures of sexual arousal and function. Objective measurements used in conjunction with the subjective assessment help diagnose potential physiologic/organic abnormal- ities. Therapeutic options for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction, including hormonal, and pharmacological, are also addressed. International Journal of Impotence Research (2005) 17, S44–S51. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901428 Keywords: female sexual dysfunction; anatomy; physiology; pathophysiology; evaluation; treatment Incidence of female sexual dysfunction updated the definitions and classifications based upon current research and clinical practice.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Cervical Screening by PAP Smear and Correlation with Microbiological and Clinical Finding
    International Journal of Health and Clinical Research, 2021;4(5):280-283 e-ISSN: 2590-3241, p-ISSN: 2590-325X ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Original Research Article A study on cervical screening by PAP smear and correlation with microbiological and clinical finding Sona Goyal1, Manish Kumar Singhal2*,Kamlesh Yadav3, Rachna Agrawal4, Neil Sharma 5 1Consultant Pathologist, Department of Pathology, NIA , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Govt Medical college, Bhartapur, Rajasthan, India 3Professor, Department of Pathology, SMS Medical college Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 4Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Govt Medical college , Bhartapur, Rajasthan, India 5Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Govt Medical college, Bhartapur, Rajasthan, India Received: 03-01-2021 / Revised: 08-02-2021 / Accepted: 25-02-2021 Abstract Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cause in India with over 75% of incidence and mortality. The objective of cervical cancer screening, therefore, is the detection of these lesions before developing into invasive cervical cancer.Methods: This prospective study was carried out over 2 year at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur. Pap smears were collected from 400 sexually active women who were more than 21 years of age.Result: Most common findings were Inflammatory lesion (46.5%), followed by NILM(30%). Atrophic smear was seen in 16 cases (4%), rest had abnormal cellular changes in the form of ASCUS (1.25 %), LSIL (2 %) and Carcinoma (1%).Conclusion : Inflammatory smear is most common cytological finding in premenopausal age group . Epithelial cell abnormality is most common finding in premenopausal and postmenopausal age groups. Pap smear examination can be coupled with culture and sensitivity of vaginal swab to provide adequate treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaginal Screening After Hysterectomy in Australia
    CATEGORY: BEST PRACTICE Vaginal screening after hysterectomy in Australia Objectives: To provide advice on vaginal This statement has been developed and screening after hysterectomy. reviewed by the Women’s Health Committee and approved by the RANZCOG Target audience: Health professionals Board and Council. providing gynaecological care. A list of Women’s Health Committee Values: The evidence was reviewed by the Members can be found in Appendix A. Women’s Health Committee (RANZCOG), and applied to local factors relating to Disclosure statements have been received Australia. from all members of this committee. Background: This statement was first developed by Women’s Health Disclaimer This information is intended to Committee in November 2010 and provide general advice to practitioners. This reviewed in March 2020. information should not be relied on as a substitute for proper assessment with respect Funding: This statement was developed by to the particular circumstances of each RANZCOG and there are no relevant case and the needs of any patient. This financial disclosures. document reflects emerging clinical and scientific advances as of the date issued and is subject to change. The document has been prepared having regard to general circumstances. First endorsed by RANZCOG: November 2010 Current: March 2020 Review due: March 2023 1 1. Introduction In December 2017, the National Cervical Screening Program in Australia changed from 2 yearly cervical cytology testing to 5 yearly primary HPV screening with reflex liquid-based cytology for those women in whom oncogenic HPV is detected in women aged 25–74 years. New Zealand has not yet transitioned to primary HPV screening.
    [Show full text]
  • Masturbation
    MASTURBATION Curriculum for Excellence Links to health and wellbeing outcomes for Relationships, Sexual Health and Parenthood I am aware of my growing body and I am learning the correct names for its different parts and how they work. HWB 0-47b HWB 1-47b I understand my own body's uniqueness, my developing sexuality, and that of others. HWB 3-47a HWB 4-47a Introduction Masturbation can seem a daunting subject to teach, but it is very important for young people to learn about appropriate touch. School provides an ideal learning environment for this, alongside an opportunity to work alongside parents to tackle this issue. If young people do not learn about masturbation and appropriate touch when they are teenagers, they are in danger of displaying inappropriate behaviour as an adult, often in public, which can lead to more serious repercussions. Staff may worry that teaching about masturbation can provoke a sudden obsession with genitalia, but this is usually a temporary reaction and one which can be successfully dealt with by one-to-one work through Social Stories. Having a policy on Managing Sexualised Behaviour may also be beneficial, outlining an approach to inappropriate touching in the classroom. TOUCHING OURSELVES You will need 2 body outlines/ Bodyboards (male and female). Recap on names of Parts Of The Body. Ask the students which are PRIVATE BODY parts (those covered by underwear- breasts, penis, vagina, anus, clitoris etc.) Tell the group ‘’these are Private Body Parts, not for everyone to touch and see. But sometimes people like to touch their own private body parts to make themselves feel nice and sexy.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 HEDIS Reference Guidefor Primary Care
    2021 HEDIS Reference Guide for Primary Care Cervical Cancer Screening (CCS) Patient Profile MVP members 21–64 years of age who have been screened for cervical cancer. Appropriate screening is defined by one of the following criteria: • Women 21–64 years of age who have a cervical cytology performed within the last three years (the measurement year and up to two years prior) • Women 30–64 years of age who have a cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing performed within the last five years (Note: Evidence of hrHPV testing within the last 5 years also captures patients who had cotesting; therefore additional methods to identify cotesting are not necessary.) • Women 30-64 years of age who had cervical cytology cotesting within the last five years Those excluded are women who have had a hysterectomy with no residual cervix (complete, total, or radical abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy), cervical agenesis, or acquired absence of cervix any time during the member's history through December 31 of the measurement year. How to Implement Best Practices and Improve Performance • Documentation in the medical record must include the name of the cervical screening, date of the test, and the result. This may be documented in an office note or a lab report, and can be submitted. • Cervical biopsies are not valid for primary cervical cancer screening and cannot be submitted. • When documenting medical/surgical history, avoid the use of “hysterectomy” alone, as this is not sufficient evidence that the cervix was removed. Be specific: “TAH”, TVH”, etc. • Documentation of “hysterectomy” alone in combination with documentation that the “patient no longer needs cervical cancer screening,” does meet criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mythical G-Spot: Past, Present and Future by Dr
    Global Journal of Medical research: E Gynecology and Obstetrics Volume 14 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4618 & Print ISSN: 0975-5888 The Mythical G-Spot: Past, Present and Future By Dr. Franklin J. Espitia De La Hoz & Dra. Lilian Orozco Santiago Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Colombia Summary- The so-called point Gräfenberg popularly known as "G-spot" corresponds to a vaginal area 1-2 cm wide, behind the pubis in intimate relationship with the anterior vaginal wall and around the urethra (complex clitoral) that when the woman is aroused becomes more sensitive than the rest of the vagina. Some women report that it is an erogenous area which, once stimulated, can lead to strong sexual arousal, intense orgasms and female ejaculation. Although the G-spot has been studied since the 40s, disagreement persists regarding the translation, localization and its existence as a distinct structure. Objective: Understand the operation and establish the anatomical points where the point G from embryology to adulthood. Methodology: A literature search in the electronic databases PubMed, Ovid, Elsevier, Interscience, EBSCO, Scopus, SciELO was performed. Results: descriptive articles and observational studies were reviewed which showed a significant number of patients. Conclusion: Sexual pleasure is a right we all have, and women must find a way to feel or experience orgasm as a possible experience of their sexuality, which necessitates effective stimulation. Keywords: G Spot; vaginal anatomy; clitoris; skene’s glands. GJMR-E Classification : NLMC Code: WP 250 TheMythicalG-SpotPastPresentandFuture Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Female Genital Aesthetic Perceptions and Gynecological Care
    Examining the Vulva: The Relationship between Female Genital Aesthetic Perceptions and Gynecological Care By Vanessa R. Schick B.A. May 2004, University of Massachusetts, Amherst A Dissertation Submitted to The Faculty of Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in Partial Satisfaction of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 31, 2010 Dissertation directed by Alyssa N. Zucker Associate Professor of Psychology and Women’s Studies The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Vanessa R. Schick has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of August 19, 2009. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Examining the Vulva: The Relationship between Female Genital Aesthetic Perceptions and Gynecological Care Vanessa R. Schick Dissertation Research Committee: Alyssa N. Zucker, Associate Professor of Psychology & Women's Studies, Dissertation Director Laina Bay-Cheng, Assistant Professor of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Committee Member Maria-Cecilia Zea, Professor of Psychology, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2009 by Vanessa R. Schick All rights reserved iii Acknowledgments The past five years have changed me and my research path in ways that I could have never imagined. I feel incredibly fortunate for my mentors, colleagues, friends and family who have supported me throughout this journey. First, I would like to start by expressing my sincere appreciation to my phenomenal dissertation committee and all those who made this dissertation possible: Without Alyssa Zucker, my advisor, my journey would have been an entirely different one. Few advisors would allow their students to forge their own research path.
    [Show full text]
  • FAQ042 -- You and Your Sexuality (Especially for Teens)
    AQ FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ042 fESPECIALLY FOR TEENS You and Your Sexuality (Especially for Teens) • What happens during puberty? • What emotional changes occur during puberty? • How are sexual feelings expressed? • What is masturbation? • What is oral sex? • What happens during sexual intercourse? • What can I do if I want to have sexual intercourse but I do not want to get pregnant? • How can I protect myself and my partner from sexual transmitted infections during sexual intercourse? • What is anal sex? • What does it mean to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual? • Can I choose to be attracted to someone of the same sex? • What is gender identity? • When deciding whether to have sex, what are some things to consider? • What if I decide to wait and someone tries to pressure me into sex? • What is rape? • What are some things I can do to help protect myself against rape? • What is intimate partner violence? • Glossary What happens during puberty? When puberty starts, your brain sends signals to certain parts of the body to start growing and changing. These signals are called hormones. Hormones make your body change and start looking more like an adult’s (see FAQ041 “Your Changing Body—Especially for Teens”). Hormones also can cause emotional changes. What emotional changes occur during puberty? During your teen years, hormones can cause you to have strong feelings, including sexual feelings. You may have these feelings for someone of the other sex or the same sex. Thinking about sex or just wanting to hear or read about sex is normal. It is normal to want to be held and touched by others.
    [Show full text]
  • Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines Reviewed and Approved by CHAC Clinical Committee on August 8, 2018
    Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines Reviewed and approved by CHAC Clinical Committee on August 8, 2018 Cervical Cancer Screening Description: The percentage of women 21–64 years of age who were screened for cervical cancer using either of the following criteria: • Women age 21–64 who had cervical cytology performed every 3 years. • Women age 30–64 who had cervical cytology/ HPV co-testing every 5 years. Numerator: Documentation of one or more of the following cancer screenings and date(s) Women with one or more screenings for cervical cancer. Appropriate screenings are defined by any one of the following criteria: Cervical cytology performed during the measurement period or the two years prior to the measurement period for women who are at least 21 years old at the time of the test Cervical cytology/human papillomavirus (HPV) co-testing performed during the measurement period or the four years prior to the measurement period for women who are at least 30 years old at the time of the test _____________________________________________________________ Denominator: Ages 23-64 with a visit in the measurement period Denominator Exclusions: Women who had a hysterectomy with no residual cervix Patients who were in hospice care during the measurement year Measure Source: eCQI Resource Center, CMS (Aligns with CY 2018 UDS requirements) https://ecqi.healthit.gov/ecqm/measures/cms124v6 Health care providers play a critical role in raising awareness of cervical cancer and increasing screening among women and HPV vaccination among boys and girls. What is the problem and what is known about it so far? Cancer is the leading cause of death in Vermont.
    [Show full text]
  • Miscarriage in Early Pregnancy
    Miscarriage in Early Pregnancy Obstetrics & Gynaecology Women and Children’s Group This leaflet has been designed to give you important information about your condition / procedure, and to answer some common queries that you may have. Introduction What has happened? This booklet has been written to give help Bleeding from the vagina in early pregnancy and guidance to parents who lose a baby in is very common. Most pregnancies will the early stages of pregnancy. continue as normal but sadly other Parents who have suffered such a loss by pregnancies will end in miscarriage. miscarriage find that they need to make a Miscarriage is the term used to describe the number of choices within a short space of sudden ending of a pregnancy, most often time, choices that they may rather not think within the first 12 weeks. about. With the help of the staff and the information in this booklet, we can help you Inevitable miscarriage through your period of grief, making this Some women find that the initial bleeding stressful time easier to cope with. becomes heavier, sometimes with blood At the moment you may be experiencing clots. There may also be severe period-type feelings of anxiety, distress and sadness. pains or cramps. What is happening is that Grief is a very natural reaction to the loss of the uterus is trying to push out, or expel, the your baby, and grief following a miscarriage pregnancy. may be just as strong as that occurring after the loss of someone we have known and Incomplete miscarriage loved. How a particular person copes with This is when the pregnancy is partially grief is unique to that person.
    [Show full text]
  • ANMC Cervical Cancer Prevention Guideline Our System for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer in Alaska Native Women Requires Four Elements Working Together
    5/16/16stt ANMC Cervical Cancer Prevention Guideline Our system for the prevention of cervical cancer in Alaska Native Women requires four elements working together. 1. Maximize uptake of HPV vaccine. 2. Regular Pap screening of women at risk for the disease. 3. Medical evaluation and management of abnormal Pap results. 4. Tracking of Pap results and treatments with patient notification. After maximizing vaccine uptake, the system that is in place for tracking Pap tests and treatment has worked well. Facilities and providers involved in women’s health will need to continue to work together to maintain the integrity of this database that we all rely on to deliver quality care. HPV Vaccination Recommendations: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, specifically 15 high risk subtypes, are associated with cervical cancer. About 70% of cervical cancers are associated with HPV genotypes 16 and 18 worldwide. ANMC currently offers the 9-valent HPV vaccine, Gardasil 9. Gardasil 9 protects against oncogenic genotypes16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, as well as 6 and 11 which are associated with condyloma. A review of ANMC colposcopy specimens showed that 95% of CIN 3 involved the Gardasil 9 genotypes. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that routine HPV vaccination start at age 11 or 12 years and as early as 9 years old. Vaccination is also recommended for females aged 13 through 26 years and for males aged 13 through 21 years who have not been vaccinated previously or who have not completed the 3-dose series. Males who have sex with men aged 22 through 26 years may be vaccinated.
    [Show full text]
  • Cervical Screening Test (A Primary HPV DNA Test with Partial Genotyping and Reflex Liquid-Based Cytology (LBC) on All HPV Positive Tests) Every 5 Years
    Cervical Screening Disclaimer Contents Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Red Flags ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Background .................................................................................................................................................. 2 About cervical screening ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 Assessment ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Practice Point - Arrange further assessment if symptomatic ........................................................................... 2 Under-screened or never-screened patients ......................................................................................................................... 2 Screening recommendations ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Patients with symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]