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From Atheism to Humanism a Compact Guide to 8 Humanist Values

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From Atheism to Humanism a Compact Guide to 8 Humanist Values From Atheism to Humanism A compact guide to 8 humanist values A free publication by Humanistically Speaking The magazine for humanists and all freethinkers in the South of England HUMANIST VALUES David Warden Assistant Editor, Humanistically Speaking From Atheism to Humanism We can also learn from a long tradition of ethical philosophy going back to Socrates and Humanist visitors to schools often get asked Aristotle. The most basic humanist ethical by students, ”What’s the difference between question is this: “What is a good life?”. The atheism and Humanism?”. Atheism simply humanist ethical tradition invites us to think means not having a belief in any god whether about this question for ourselves rather than it’s the Christian God, the Muslim God, the adopt an ‘off-the-shelf’ answer which may 300 million gods of Hinduism and so on. By not be a good fit with our needs today. itself, atheism says nothing about how you are going to live your life. It reveals nothing A humanist ten commandments? about your values. Many humanist thinkers have suggested Humanism, on the other hand, is all about alternative versions of the ten values. It starts from non-religious premises. commandments but these should be Humanists do not believe that our ethics and understood as thought experiments to morals come from God or religion. Humanists stimulate our own thinking rather than believe that morality is a natural human authoritative lists. Humanism is not the sort capacity which has evolved to enable us to of thing which should become fossilised in a live together co-operatively in groups. strict set of ‘commandments’. The latest Humanist morality has not been written example is the American Humanist down in any scriptures or on blocks of stone. Association’s Ten Commitments which can be But that does not mean that individual found in the further resources section. humanists can just make it up for The idea for this booklet came from a ‘meta- themselves. We learn a lot of our morality analysis’ of these various lists of when we are socialised by our families and commandments and value statements. If we schools. We know the basics by the time we shake them all together, can we extract a are five years old. For example, we learn very broad and balanced statement of humanist early on that fairness is a core ethical values for today? I think we can, and our principle. attempt is presented to you in the following So the bulk of our morality is passed on via pages. It’s not the last word on humanist the socialisation process. As we get older, we values, but we hope you will find our test the boundaries of this inherited morality selection informative, helpful, and inspiring. and we are encouraged to think about moral Why not set up a discussion group on dilemmas. humanist values with this booklet as a guide? Front cover images: A.C. Grayling, Alice Roberts, Leo Igwe, Bertrand Russell, Richard Norman, Aristotle, Alain de Botton, and Richard Dawkins 1 Is Humanism just Christianity minus belief in God? No. The humanist moral tradition is at least 500 years older than Christianity and it differs in some important respects. For example, humanist morality stemming from Socrates suggests that we should aim to live a good life, rather than simply a life of doing good. Even a bad person can go around doing good works, possibly to make them look good. A good life is more than just altruism, charity, and good works. It is the total impact of your life in terms of the contribution you make to humanity. Humanism as an antidote to the Socrates is the original ‘humanist modern epidemic of pessimism martyr’. He was found guilty of Humanism has always been a positive and atheism and of corrupting the minds optimistic philosophy, based on the values of of young people by his habit of the 18th century Enlightenment which asking philosophical questions. A included reason, progress, science, human good Socratic question is ‘What is a happiness, human rights, and (more good life?’ controversially) the ‘perfectibility of man’. Humanists today acknowledge that humans are flawed and that Utopian visions of the future can go badly wrong. But while we fully ecosystem. But the challenges we face are recognise the destructive capabilities of our immense. In some ways we are the victims of species, we also celebrate our wonderful our own success. We have become too achievements in lifting millions of people out numerous and we are putting unprecedented of poverty, eliminating diseases such as pressures on the living planet and other smallpox, radically reducing child mortality species. We have to learn to live within and so on. Our cultural achievements, planetary boundaries if we are to secure a long similarly, have often been awe-inspiring. term future for the generations that come Humanism today has the potential to help us after us. maintain our belief in, and optimism about, Humanism is not a cult or a sect. Essentially, the human project. We’ve been around for it’s the worldview of most non-religious about 200,000 years and in the last 10,000 people today. Organised Humanism simply years we have progressed from hunter- exists to give Humanism a voice and to gatherer groups to today’s highly promote the positive value of living a good life sophisticated and interconnected global in an imperfect world. Suggested reading ̶ The God Argument: The Case Against Religion and for Humanism by A C Grayling 2 HUMANIST VALUES CITIZENSHIP: be a well-informed citizen who upholds liberty, justice, equality, democracy, human rights, the rule of law and the common good ENVIRONMENT: live responsibly within the resources of the planet embodying respect and consideration for all living things KNOWLEDGE: think for yourself and think critically using information, evidence, analysis and evaluation PERSONAL INTEGRITY: be a person of integrity, honesty, and authenticity whom others can trust CHALLENGES: cultivate courage, fortitude, resilience, and perseverance in the face of life’s difficulties RELATIONSHIPS: practise love, care, respect, compassion, kindness, benevolence, generosity, forgiveness, tolerance, acceptance and understanding MEANING AND PURPOSE: contribute your skills, effort and ideas to building a good society in which everyone can flourish HAPPINESS: enjoy life and take care of your own wellbeing, promoting a healthy lifestyle and a fair work/life balance These values have been distilled from a meta-analysis of many different humanist value statements. You can find all the source material in the further resources section. ‘We won’t all come up with the same list of values. But we seem already to have a plausible list of values which many people would accept – kindness, consideration, peace, love, cooperation, honesty, loyalty, fairness, mutual respect and tolerance. The list may even seem obvious. If it does, that is all to the good, for it bears out one of the most basic tenets of humanism – that there are shared human values.’ Richard Norman, Emeritus Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Kent, and Vice-President of Humanists UK. Quoted in The Little Book of Humanism (2020) by Andrew Copson and Alice Roberts. Suggested reading ̶ What is Good? The Search for the Best Way to Live by A C Grayling 3 CITIZENSHIP Be a well-informed citizen who upholds liberty, justice, equality, democracy, human rights, the rule of law, and the common good Rights and responsibilities of being a good citizen The 17th century philosopher Thomas Hobbes famously wrote that in a ‘state of nature’ human life would be a war of all against all and that human life would be ‘solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short’. One of our greatest human achievements is to lift ourselves out of such misery by building societies and states. Humanist Leo Igwe is a tireless There is a long tradition of philosophical campaigner for human rights in Nigeria thought about how to build the best society. Hobbes himself believed in absolute Secularism monarchy whereas John Locke believed that One of the distinctive contributions of the state must be based on the consent of Humanism is to insist that the state should the people and ‘natural rights’. be secular. Essentially, this means the Humanists are with Locke. We oppose separation of state and religion. States authoritarian states and we believe in should not promote religion or oblige its democracy. But democracy itself is now citizens to be religious in any way. The UK under threat from vested interests and the still has some way to go in this regard. We power of the media to shape, and even still have bishops in the House of Lords and corrupt, people’s opinions. What can compulsory worship in state schools. Every ordinary humanists do in the face of concession to secularism has to be wrung out seemingly vast forces at play in the world? of the government. For example, it took 150 Humanists should do their best to be well- years of campaigning for the blasphemy laws informed citizens and to play their full part in to be abolished in England and Wales. democracy. This might involve joining a Humanists are in it for the long haul. We pay political party or a pressure group. At the tribute to the courageous campaigners of very least, it means turning out to vote when previous centuries who sometimes went to the opportunity is presented, even if we prison to secure the basic freedoms we enjoy sometimes feel that our vote doesn’t count today. We should do our bit to campaign for for much. It always counts for something and the maintenance and extension of these it means that you have at least fulfilled your freedoms, both at home and in solidarity basic democratic responsibility.
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