Kimberlite-Hosted Diamond Deposits of Southern Africa: a Review Ore
Ore Geology Reviews 34 (2008) 33–75 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ore Geology Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/oregeorev Kimberlite-hosted diamond deposits of southern Africa: A review Matthew Field a,⁎, Johann Stiefenhofer b, Jock Robey c, Stephan Kurszlaukis d a DiaKim Consulting Limited, Mayfield, Wells Road, Wookey Hole Wells, Somerset, BA5 1DN, United Kingdom b De Beers Group Services (Pty) Limited, Mineral Resource Management, P.O. Box 82851, Southdale, 2135, South Africa c De Beers Group Services, PO Box 47, Kimberley, South Africa d De Beers Canada Inc. 65 Overlea Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Following the discovery of diamonds in river deposits in central South Africa in the mid nineteenth century, it Received 21 November 2006 was at Kimberley where the volcanic origin of diamonds was first recognized. These volcanic rocks, that were Accepted 4 November 2007 named “kimberlite”, were to become the corner stone of the economic and industrial development of Available online 22 April 2008 southern Africa. Following the discoveries at Kimberley, even more valuable deposits were discovered in South Africa and Botswana in particular, but also in Lesotho, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. Keywords: A century of study of kimberlites, and the diamonds and other mantle-derived rocks they contain, has Diamond Kimberlite furthered the understanding of the processes that occurred within the sub-continental lithosphere and in Diatreme particular the formation of diamonds. The formation of kimberlite-hosted diamond deposits is a long-lived Pipe and complex series of processes that first involved the growth of diamonds in the mantle, and later their Dyke removal and transport to the earth's surface by kimberlite magmas.
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