From Flypaper to Pitfall Traps: Function and Evolution of Trapping Fluids

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From flypaper to pitfall traps: function and evolution of trapping fluids Supervisors: Dr Carmen Galan (School of Chemistry, University of Bristol) – Main supervisor Dr Heather Whitney (School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol) Dr Ulrike Bauer (School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol) Dr Monica Berry (NSQI, University of Bristol) Host institution: University of Bristol Project descriptor: Importance: The traps of carnivorous plants are examples of drastic structural and functional modifications of plant organs and provide a unique opportunity to study evolution. Pitcher leaves are thought to have evolved from simpler flypaper leaves on several independent occasions. Spontaneous mutations can cause the formation of epiascidiate (tubular) leaves in various non- carnivorous plants, e.g. in Codiaeum variegatum or Ficus benghalensis. Virtually nothing is known about the detailed function or the evolution of the trapping fluid, a key component of both flypaper and pitcher traps and milestone invention on the evolutionary road to plant carnivory. Aims: This project investigates the properties and function of the trap fluids in a group of closely related flypaper and pitcher plants, comprising the sundews (Drosera and Drosophyllum), pitcher plants (Nepenthes) and a carnivorous liana (Triphyophyllum). All these employ polysaccharide-based secretions to aid in the trapping, retention and killing of insects, but the composition and rheology of these fluids remains largely unknown. Chemical analyses of the sticky mucilage of Drosera capensis and Drosophyllum lusitanicum (overview in Juniper et. al 1989) indicate small differences in the polysaccharide composition. Gaume et al. (2007) investigated the rheology of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitcher fluid and reported a highly viscoelastic behaviour which plays a key role in trapping. This project links these fragments of information by 1) characterising polysaccharide content and monomeric composition, ionic content, and pH of trapping fluids throughout the group, 2) interpreting these data in the context of available phylogenetic information, 3) determining the viscosity, shear-thinning properties and extensional viscosity of different trapping fluids and relate these properties to the trapping function (flypaper glue, drowning pitcher fluid) and 4) investigate the interaction of the trapping fluids with the living plant and the environment, e.g. the temporal pattern of fluid secretion and the influence of temperature, humidity and (dilution by) rain on the fluid properties and function. References: 1. Juniper BE, Robins RJ, Joel DM 1989. The carnivorous plants. London: Academic Press 2. Gaume L, Forterre Y 2007. A viscoelastic deadly fluid in carnivorous pitcher plants. PLoS One 2, e1185 .

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Universidade Estadual Paulista Câmpus De
Campus de Botucatu UNESP - UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA CÂMPUS DE BOTUCATU INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊN CIAS GENÔMICA ORGANELAR E EVOLUÇÃO DE GENLISEA E UTRICULARIA (LENTIBULARIACEAE) SAURA RODRIGUES DA SILVA Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências, Câmpus de Botucatu, UNESP, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) BOTUCATU - SP - 2018 - Insti tuto de Biociências – Departamento de Botânica Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n CEP 18618 - 000 Botucatu SP Brasil Tel 14 3811 6265/6053 fax 14 3815 3744 [email protected] Campus de Botucatu UNESP - UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA CÂMPUS DE BOTUCATU INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊN CIAS GENÔMICA ORGANELAR E EVOLUÇÃO DE GENLISEA E UTRICULARIA (LENTIBULARIACEAE) SAUR A RODRIGUES DA SILVA PROF. DR. VITOR FERN ANDES OLIVEIRA DE MI RANDA ORIENTADOR PROF. DR. ALESSANDRO DE MEL L O VARANI Coorientador Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências, Câmpus de Botucatu, UNESP, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciên cias Biológicas (Botânica) BOTUCATU - SP - 2018 - Instituto de Biociências – Departamento de Botânica Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n CEP 18618 - 000 Botucatu SP Brasil Tel 14 3811 6265/6053 fax 14 3815 3744 [email protected] 2 Campus de Botucatu FICHA CATALOGRÁFIC A ELABORADA PELA SEÇÃO TÉCNICA DE AQUISIÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO DIVISÃO TÉCNICA DE BIBLIOTECA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO - CAMPUS DE BOTUCATU - UNESP Silva, Saura Rodrigues. Genômica organelar e evolução d e Genlisea e Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) / Saura Rodrigues da Silva. – 2018. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2018. Orientador: Vitor Fernandes Oliveira de Miranda Co - orientador: Alessandro de Mello Varani Assunto CAPES: 1. Sistemática Vegetal CDD 581.1 Palavras - c have: Utricularia ; Genlisea ; genômica de organelas; ndhs; Evolução de organelas.
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Rev Iss Web Nph 12790 203-1 22..28
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