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Special Libraries, 1912 Special Libraries, 1910s

11-1-1912 Special Libraries, November 1912 Special Libraries Association

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PUBLISHDD BY THE ulate thought ~ndcliscnssion, my misgiv- SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION ings left me in a measure; and it is with Monthly exccpt July and August. a lighter heart, as well ns a deep apprecia- Eclitorinl nnd Fnbllcntion ORco, Stnte Llbrary, tion of the honor, that I essay the task. Indianapolis, Ind. Before taking up the subject in detail, 1 Subscrlgtlons, 03 Broad street, Boston, MRSS. need hnrdly do more than refer briefly to ICntcred at the Postotacc at Indlannpolis, Ind., the great pol~ularoutcry of the gresent time as second-class mntter. against our laws and our methods of making Subscription ...$2.00 a year (10 numbers) and of interpreting them. To the mind of Single copies ...... 26 cents the average man the making of laws is one of the easiest things in the world. The Fresldent ...... D. N Hnndy electors all over our broad laud go to the tnaurnnce Library Assoclatlon, Boston, Mnss. polling place and cast their ballots for legis- V~ce-Preslrlmt ...... R. H. Johnston Burenu of Iinilwny Economics, Wnshiugton, D. C. lative representatives chosen at random Seczetnry-Trensurer ...... Qny B. Mnrlon Prom among the people. And these legisla- Ltbrnry, .\rthur D. Llttle, Inc., 03 Broad St. tors, the electors think, must, through some EXECUTIVE BOARD mystic power, become ips0 facto vested with President Vlce-President Secrctnry-Treasurer C. E. Rormnn, people'; Gas Llgbt and ~oki the slrill and the knowledge requisite in 1'0. Chlcngo : nnd Mlss Florence Sooncer. Na- drafting and enacting wise and comprehen- - , ~ tionnl Citv Bank, New York Clty. sible laws. hlnnngiug E'ditor of Specinl Libraries :-John A. Lnpp. State Librnry, Indlnnapolis, Ind As Ordronaux in his work on Constitn- Assistant Editor, Ethel Clelnnd, State Librnry, lioual Leg~slationsays, "The righl to make Ind~annpolis,Ind. laws being the political heritage of Bvery CONTRIBUTING EDITORS citizen in a relmblic, the knowledgo neces- I?!'. N. Morton, Unlted Gns Improvement Co., Philadelphlt~. sary to frame them is assumed to come to H. H. l7. Meyer, Librnry of Congress. him by intuition." Yet, to quote from Mill D. N Ihncly, Insurance Ltbrary Assoclatlon, on "Representative Government," "There is hardly any kind of intellectunl work which so much needs to be done, not only hy ex- Bill Drafting ...... I77 perienced and exercised minds, but by minds Select List of References on the Trading trained to the .task through long and labor- Stamp Business ...... I82 ious study, as tha business of nlaking laws." Bibliography of Interest to Public Serv- But among thinking mcn, among those ice Corporations. .I84 whose thoughts ultimately are carried into ...... action, there is an increasing aplireciation A Selected List of References to Recent of the necessity of greater knowledge, of Publications of Interest on Fire Insur- greater care and slrill in the drafting of ance...... 186 our laws. How is this to be brought about? Bibliographies...... I88 We cannot change our form of government. Current Referenoes...... I90 It must still continue to be representative in theory at least, however it may be in practice. We cannot choose as our represen- BILL DRAFTING* tatives only those who have the slrill and By fames McXirdy, Assistant Director, Penn- experience necessary in the drafting of bills. How, then, is the problem to be solved? sylvania Legislative Reference Bureau. A number of solutions have been proposed: When I received from our worthy Presi- some very practical; some absurd in the ex- dent a request that I prepare for this meet- ereme. The solution which seems to prom- ing a paper on Bill-drafting, r was greatly ise the best results, and the one to which tempted to decline. There are so many we shall, for our present purposes, confine among you, by learning, by ability and by our attention, is the one that aims to gro- experience, better qualified than I to under- vide for the members of the state legisln- take this work, that it seemed presumptu- Lure a permanent. body of men, skilled in ous in me to accept. However, when I came the drafting of legislative bills, and thor- to realize thoroughly that the chief function oughly familiar with the laws of the par- of a gaper read at our meetings is to stim- ticular state and the judicial deci~iopsthere. *RG~at the meeting of Special Libraries Aseociation, Ottawa, Canada, SPECIAL LIBRARIES on-sperlalists in law-making, as it were. will often show both the strength and the From his constituCenta the lenfslator will shol.tcomings of the laws framed by the aSceWin tile defects in the evisting law, Or legislature of his state. the new phaces in modern sncietv that ne- Further than this, he must have an inti- cessitate new Ieqislation Carrving these mate acquaintance with the constitution of idew to the draftsman, the ides can 1.e put his own state, and the .judicial interpre- into the form of a bill whirh, if it beromes tations of the various sections of the same. a law will fit ivto and form a homo-eneous Unless he knows the limits within which, vrt in the genevI statute law of the state. by the orginic law, he must labor, he is Th1.s tl-erc! wIll RVISP In time a new nrofes- unable to judrre of the possible validity of sion-th~t of the werialist in legislation' his 1.111 shnuld it become a law. Another the le-islative draftsman. set of conditions must be familiar to him, nofore t~lcinr~rr, the main suhiert of Rill- na.mely, thofie imnosed unon the several drnqtIl~ait mi-ht not he am is^ to disms stntes by the federal constitution. He bleflv the ouslifir?tions renui~itein a mem- shonld, bv reneated rendins and study, be- her nf ti-is new nrofesqiw. Pleasp re.nPm- come thoroushlv acqu~lntedwith its nrovi- Iwthgt we are now tallcinq of the idral slons and with thr indicia1 intorl?retations dl'aftsrnan. None of us can attain this ideal; made thereon by the Supreme Court of our but tnmarrl it are may ever fitrive as to an Lnnd. ea-erlv ~oiieht pnn1. Lnstlv, the draftsman must carefully Tn the flrst nlare, the Idea1 draftqwqn sti~clvthe st~ndqrdwOr1cs On ronstrnction of mwt Frwe th~fawlfv of exwessing clearly statntes. Rill-draftins Is svnthettc: stntu- and cnc-lnntlv his I~~PRSin TOTIS. Powev- toisy construption is anslvtic. The one is er rre-t his leflming. hcavm=r lone his ew- the converse nf the other. Rv a careful n~rlono~.If he rnnnot rlnthe hi4 idws in studv of prepedents in coeatrvrtion our si~ltol'l~l-nmame he mwqt leave hill-draft- rlraftsman mill learn to avoid the nitfalls Ins tn oth~1.s TIRWVPTS do not often have and dancers that others have encountered thfc: fqrultv: Inrlmes rarelv ~~~SPSSit: and, Rv cn~efulattention to this the draftsman rrnfnrtiinatelv. it 1s nften larlcinc amonq the will lenve less work for the courts to do, mrmhprs nf the le~ldature. As a writrr in and will co far toward removing that gronnd a rprent numb~rnf the Ameriran Law Re- of common roprosah: that the judges often view SBVR: "Tt 14 fonlkh to ssqwne thnt make our laws for us. ~11lawv~rs can draft statutes. Such work Let us assume. then, that our draftsman r~~virwa cnnc~ntrntion of mind and of possesses all these requlremrnts-what exnreqslnn that Cew men have." This now- must he next do? He must nractice, prac- er of ronmntro tim qnd e~nw~sion.hnmever. tire, practice. He must examine laws: not maTr be rultlvnted bv nsdduons practire. I with an eve single to the content, but with shall refer to this later. The draftsman his mind centered on their phrasinq H~ve mkht nrnfltnblv nnv heed to the ~dviceof the idew been expressed clearly? Have they the late J~~stipeSteahen of England. who been expressed briefly? Could the ideas said that he "was not accnstomed to use have been stated otherwise and have gained lnnaun~rewith thnt desree of precision in clearness and brevity by the ohange? He which is essentisl to evervone who has ever must answer all these questions. He must had to draft Acts of Parliament, which, al- recast laws. He must strive to compress; thouqh thev mav be easy to understand, to be concise; to express himself with a peonle contlnuallv trv to misunderstand, minimum of words and yet with a mnxi- and in whish, therefore, it is not enough mum of clearness. As Jlhert, the omcia1 to attain to a degree of prerision which a draftsman of the British Parliament, says, person reading in sood faith can under- "Every superfluous word may raise a de- stand; but it is necessarv to attain, if pos- bate in Parliament and a discussion in sible, to n degree Of grecislon which a per- court." Our draftsman must look for mod- son reartino in bad faith cannot mis~inder- els, and study them. He must And out the stand. It is all the better if he cannot pre- secret of their clearness and their brevity; tend to mlsundemtand it." and then practice, practice, practice. A The next thing that we shall ask of our valuable aid in this direction are the Httle draftsman is a wide knowledge of the law manuals on precise writins, published most- of hls ~artlcularstate This is an obvious ly in Eln~land. A careful study of then1 mecessity. Without a clear and compre- mill greatlv repay the draftsman for the hensive Imowled~e of his state law as a t.ime and effort he bestow$ on it. whole, he is unable to .lndce either of the Our draftsman-our ideal-with all the form or the fltness of the bill he may be knowledge and skill requit-ed by studv and called upon to frame. This knowledge must practice 1s now ready to enter on his la- include not onlv the statutory law, but as bors-ready to begin actual, practical work. well the decisions thereon bv the variolls This brinm us to. the rea! theme of this court@. A careful study of these decisions Paper: Bill-drafting. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

In laying down what I think are the fun- riefl, but With actual conditions-with actu- damental rules of this difficult subject, I al, Practical men, and not with shadows. do not wish to be understood as even in- Let him take Lord Thring's apothegmn to timating that the following suggestions are heart: "Dills are made to pass as razors more than a resume or outline of its sali- are made to sell." In other words, he must cnt features. A text-book on Bill-drafting remember that the esigencies attending ac- remains to be written. This paper is in- tual law-making easily determine the fate tended only as a summary of a few, a very of the measure be has drafted; or if not the few, of the leading principles. fate, they determine its final form or ar- In the first place, the draftsman should l'angement; so that, ceteris paribus, an have a clear, comprehensive idea of the sub- nmelldment or a supplement is easler to ject of his bill. There is a well deflned Pass than a new or original measure. distinction between the subject and the pur- Next, the draftsman must study the de- pose of a legislative measure For exam- cisions of the various courts, especially the ple, let us say the draftsman is asked to courts of last resort, to ascertain how this prepare a bill restricting the carrving of llarticular subject has been treated by the concealed weapons. The subject of this bill jndiciary, or how similar bills have been is the regulating or perhaps even the Dro- regarded. This is always of the highest im- hibiting ol the carrying of such weapons. portance and should never be overlooked The purpofie of the hill is to prevent the We shall assume, though, that a new carrying of the weapons and thus conserve measure is necessary, and not an amend- the peace and security of the citizens. But nlent. If the subject is one where the it is clear that unless the law is very faith- conditions are not peculiar to his state, the fnlly and rigidly enforced, the carrying of draftsman should go over the laws of other such weapons will not be prevented. The States to see what the legislatures there word "prevent" then should not be used have clone on that point. If a law is Pound in the title of such a bill. This distinction that wholly or partially suits his purpose, may seem over-reflned, judging from our he must see how it has been construed by example: but if the draftsman will always the courts. .It is a well known rule of con- bear this distinction in mind, he will at- struction, that where a statute of another tack his problems much more intelligently jurisdiction is adopted in whole or in part than would be the case if he totally neg- by a state and enacted as a law by the lected to note this difference. state adopting it, it is presumed that the As an aid to a clear comprehension of judicial construction of the statute made the subject of his bill he must. if he can, by the courts of the flrst state is adopted supnlement suggkstions received from the along with the statute. And this rule is ap- legislator or department chief with lmowl- plied generally to single words or phrases edee of his own, of the actual conditions borrowed from other enactments. In this whkh call for this bill A qood draftsman -onstruction defects may have been pointed must be a wide reader. He must at any ~utor ambiguities explained. He should, cost keep closely In touch with the trend furthermore, ascertain, if possible, how the of modern leaislation, not alone in hle own law has operated in that state and whether state but in all modern countries. He must it has proved to be practical and capable have a good working lrnnwledge of the latest of easy enforcement. political and socioIogica1 theories. And The draftsman should not overlook the what is more, he must know the leading laws of the other English-spe~king coun- arguments both for and agalnst them. He tries: Great Britain, Canada and Australia. must know well the local conditions obtain- Most excellent work along the lines of sen- ing in his own state, and not only in the sible legislation and the proper draftmg entire stste but also in the more impor- of bills is being done in those countries. tant sub-divisions of It. But with all this, he must guard against Havinq then a good grasp or the subject mere copying of the work of others. Noth- of his bill, and a more or less intimate ing that man does is perfect; so the ideal knowledge of the conditions which call for draftsman will always strive to improve on the measure, he must flrst examrlae core- the work of other draftsmen, howsoever fully the laws of his state to see if there is great be the fame they have. not already on the statute books a law cov- We assume that in all his work so far ering this very subject. Perhaps there may onr draftsman has kept sedulously in mind be one, bnt not quite in goint; one which, the constitutional limitations of hls own however, by a slight amendment might &ate and of the United States. Of course serve the gurpose well. If the amendment to us in Pennsylvania, more than in almost then will answer, let him draw his bill ac- any other state, this is of paramount im- cordingly. And in thia connection he should portance. But even in states where the always bear in mind that he should be prac- restrictions are not so great, it is Well not tical, He is deallng not with abstract thecl- to lose eight of these possible limftations 180 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

that determine, possibly, the scope of the enumerated in the bill are all that the legis- measure bang drafted. And while on this lators intended to enact, and, therefore, sec- point I may be permitted a suggestion that tions not thus indexed may be declared un- might prove helpful. An analytically in- constitutional. A good method is to make dexed list of subjects upon which legisla- tho title as general and as brief as possible. tion is forbidden by the state COllstitution, Thus far I have confined myself to a or by the national constitution, Should be rough outline of the qualifications requisite prepared and referred to Very frequently. in an ideal bill-draftsman, and Of what In this list should be included the restric- might loosely be termed the technique of tions--not amounting t~ a l~rohibition- drafting. There remain to be considered a mentioned in the aforementioned constitu- number of general rures which must be ever tions. born in mmd by one drdting a legislative measure. I shall not attempt to formulate Coming down now to the actual work of these rules in set terms, but shall merely preparing the bill, the draftsman should offer and discuss them as suggestions recom- sketch out his measure in rough outline. mended to the careful consideration of any- ?his sketch should show briefly the purport one who wishes to become proficient in his of each proposed section; its relative impor- work. Nor, furthermore, does the arrange- tance and its relative position. These sec- ment of thein, or their relative position, tions should be arranged in logical sequence. have any bearing on their importance. The beginner will be surprised to learn how great a bearing this has on the actual I shall begin with the subject of deflni- consideration of the measure by the legis- tions, although in the eyes of many this lature, and on its construction by the courts. is of least importance. There is no one A good draftsman will always recognize the who does not know that nine-tenths of all great role psychology plays in legislation ; discussions in this world could be avoided and, let me say it with due deference, in if the disputants at the outset wonld agree judicial matters. That which is carefully on their deflnitions. So it is in bill-draft- and logically arranged is easier to under- ing. In order to make things clear beyond stand, and induces a more friendly and the shadow of a doubt, it has become cus- favorable consideration than olle which im- tomary of late years to define certain terms poses a greater burden on the memory and which lie at the heart of the subject of the the understanding. bill. There is hardly any doubt regarding The draftsman should make his sentences the advisability of this. One great author- short and his sections small. This is not ity in England advises against them, but always possible; but is always desirable. advances no sound reasons in favor of his Naturally it makes for ease in understand- position. In this country at least the prac- ing the bill, and minimizes the possibility tice seems to be a growing one, and has of error. A long and complex clause should been adopted by the ablest workers in this be cut up into sub-sections. Long, in- fleld. There is, however, some dispute as volved sentences, so frequently seen in bills, to the proper place of the deflnitions: wheth- are an abomination. If the nature of the er they should be placed at the beginning subject is such that a classification or an or at the end of the bill. I hold most em- enumeration of persons or things is neces- phatically with those who would place them sary, they may be arranged under numbered in the flrst section. If they are so placed, or lettered heads, with a general clause re- the law-maker, the judge, the lawyer, or the ferring to them as a whole. layman, reading the law, starts forth with When the bill has been drafted the title a clear idea of the words and phrases which should be drawn, and not before then. In are used most freouently in the law, or Pennsylvania and a number of other states which are of the greatest importance in the title of a statute is of prime impor- understandmg it. tance-being, in fact, a part of the bill. Rut in the definitions great care should Some constitutions require that it state be exercised to use no word nor phrase that clearly the purport of the bill. It is es- is ambiguous. In some states the plan is sential then that the title be drafted last being adopted of having legal definitions of to fit the bill: and not, as is often the case, certain frequently recurring words and the bill to flt the title. And when the title phrases grouped in one act, known as a is drawn, it should be read in connection Construrtion Act, or Interpretation Act. with each section of the kill to the end that Great Britain set us an example in thie re- it may clearly express the whole subject of gard years ago. the measure. On the other hand, the drafts- The draftsman should never in the same man should not tall into the error of malr- bill use a word in different senses; nor in5 it an indev of the contents of the bill. should he use different words to express the This is not only not necessary but even same thing. dangerous. as the courts in their construe: The draftsman should be very careful in tion of the statute may infer that the items his use of adjectives and relative pronouns; SPECIAL LIBRARIES and still m6re careful in hie use of parti- their use unless the draftsman or his clienl ciples used as adjectives after the noun or thinks it essbntial to the passage OP the nouns they modify. English is a language mtasule. If he must haxe one, be should practically devoid of inflections, so that the so frame his bill that it will be intelligible meaning of a word is greatly infiuenced by without resorting to the preamble lor ex- its relative position. planation. The question of repeal is also a very im- "Nouns should be used in preference to portant one. If the bill is liable to introduce pronouns, even though the noun has to be sweeping changes in the law, the lepea~lng repeated." As Thring says: "Repetition of is never a fault in business clause should be given the most care~ulat- the same word tent~on. it would be well to make the re- composition if an ambiguity is thereby geal very broad so as to iilclude all SPt;cial avoided." and local laws, if the b~llbeing d~altedis Some draftsmen gay great attention to the meant to apply to the whole state. And it tense of the verbs they use. Lord Thring is well to insert in a repealing clause a Sen- says: "Acts of Parliament should be deemed tence to the effect that the repeal of a Plior to be always speaking, and, therefore, the law will not operate to revive aLly law not present or past tense should be adogted, in force at the time of such repeal. Cu~i- and "shall" should be used as an inbpsrativs ous legal complications have arisen through only, and not as a future." This is, how- disregard of this. lnstead of I egeating this ever, to my mind an open question, to be clause at the end of every bill, it will be settled by each draftsman for himself. better practice to induce the legislature to The question whether a sentence in a bill enact a general. law on the subject applica- should be put in the affirmative or in the ble to all repeals. Some states of the dnion negative form is an important one. To quote have already enacttd such a slatute. Lord Thring agaln: "The greatest caution Befoie leaving the subject of repeals let must be used in putting a sentence in a me remind the draftsman that repeals by negative form, as it makes the performance implication are not favored hy the courts. of the conditions a matter of absolute ne- If he mtends by his blll to widen the scope cessity, and the omission of the smallest of a ~rioract, or to supersede ~t,let him portion of them will render certain acts al- see that the prior act is repealed in express together nugaJory. On the other hand, if terms. Further than this, he must not for- the affirmative expression alone be used, the get that a repealing statute is generally con- court will consider the enactments as to the strued retrospectively: so that unless he In- conditions as director~and dispense with tends otherwise, he khould insert a provi- them on due cause being shown for their sion in the repealing clause to the effect that omission." As an example of the negative such repeal will not affect any act done, form let us take the following: "No appeal right vested, duty imposed, penalty accrued shall be entertained unless the following or proceeding commenced, before the date conditions have been complied with." In of such repeal. In thia connection one this case, unless certain conditions are com- should remember that where thele is a prior plied with, an appeal may not be enter- act on the same subject as the bill in hand, tained. Let us now put it in the afRrma- the latter will, if it become a law, be in- tive form: "Any gerson may appenl to such terpreted with reference to the former. and such a court subject to the following In prepnring a bill whereby certain things conditions and regulations." Here the are prohibited or certain things are com- court has a wise discretion allowed it. It manded, care should be taken that the en- has the power of remitting certain of the forcement of the act be given as a duty, conditions and regulations upon good cause in set terms to some department or to some therefor being shown. Which of these two omcial. Everybody's business is, alas, so forms should be used will always depend often nobody's business. on the subject matter of the bill, or the The drafteman~ahouldnot follow several intent of the legislature, and on the gen- special terms with a general term. For eral policy of the state. example: "It shall be unlawful for any Provisos should be kept out of' his bill. farmer, drover or any other person to, etc." If there has to be an exception, let him The courts have applied to this sort of state it succinctly in a short section follow- enumeration a rule called the "ejusdem ing'the main one to which the exception is generis" rule, whereby the application of made. And let him remember that provisos the law is limited to persons or things of are often construed strictly. They often the ,kind or class specifically mentioned. endanger the entire bill. The courts in in- Penal and criminal statutes are always terpreting a proviso generally confine it to strictly construed. The draftsman then that which immediately precedes, or to the should so frame such bills that their intent section to which it is appended, unless ~t is would be very clear, koth as to meaning and clearly intended to have a wider scope. scope. Further, in the preparation of a As to preambles, I should advise against genal or criminal measure, or of a clause SPECIAL LIBRaRIES

fixing a penalty, he should endeavor to ad- or revenue measure, or one amending such here to the general policy of his state in a. law, unless he is thoroughly famillar such matters. He should, in this Connec- with the system of taxation in his state. tion, examine the penalties fixed in statutes Ih 1n:uny states, on account of'ill considered enacted in similar or analogous cases. Cau- tinkering with the laws, the state revcnue tion should be exelcised in Axing minimum system is in a most deplorably chaotic con- penalties, My personal opinion is that they dition. should never be used. Finally, as. a parting suggestion to the tll.aftsman, I should advise him, especially Again, in drafting penal or criminal meas- ures where provision is made for surnlllary If he is a state official, to hold himself in conviction, great care should be taken to readiness at all times to explain the reasons see that the clause reads as clearly as gos- tor the phraseology and arrangement of his sible. The draftsman must bear in mmd, bill, and to explain the effect of il it it in Lhis connection, the constitutional rights become a law. To this end it would be well of the citizens of the state; and he must for hiin to brief up all hls reasons 111 the remember that statutes authorizing sum- same manner as a careful lawyer yrepares mary proceedings will be construed with his case. great strictness, and must be exactly fol- lowed by thosc whose duty it is to enforce SELECT LIST OF REFERENCES ON THE them. TRADING STAMP BUSINESS Statutes in derogation of the common law (Compiled under the direction of H. H. B. ancl 111 derogation of the common right will Meyer, Chief Bibhographer, Library of be strictly construed. Congress, with the co-ol~eiation of the In drawing a bill dealing with judicial State Libraries and State Legislative procedure, the draftsn~tinmust not rail lo Reference Departments. Contributions escellL from ics operation actions at law were received from the following: Indi- a~reurlj-Legun, unless he intends to include ana, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania.) them. California. Supreme court. Ex parte The draftsman should early learn to clis- Charles I?. Dresel. Ex parte J. C. Holland. Linguish between statutes and provisions (147 Cal. 7G3, 82 Pac. 429.) which are mandatory and those which are (In Lawyers' reports annotated. 19OG. inerely directory. Every bill should be so Rochesler, 1906. New series, book 2, clearly drawn that lhere can be no am- p. 588-598.) I~iguilyon this point. The courts have no Decislon forbidding the use of trading hard and last rule in their determination stamps. of questions of this nature. The meaning and intention ol' the legislature govern. If Colorado. Laws, statutes, etc. An act con- the bill is clearly and unequivocally drawn cerning gift enterprises, prohibiting the the intent of the legislature will be plain. sale or giving away, receil~tor exchange In the preparation of amendments the of gift enterprise tickets, coupons, stamps, draftsman should remember that the amend- lracling stamps or other devlces, and pre- ment becomes to all Intents and purposes a scribing penalties for the violation of this part ot the amended law. He should then, act. when drafting the amendment, read over (In its Laws, 1905. Denver, 1905. p. careiully the entire original statute with the 241-242.) amendment in its intended place. I-Ie will Su~remecourt. City and county thus be better able to grasp clearly the full of Denver, plff. in err., v. I3 D.. Frueauff force and effect of his measure. It is well Municipal corporation-ordinance-trnd- also to remember that unless the contrary ing stamps. (--Co1o.-, 88 Pac. 389.) intention appears, the amendment will be (In Lawyers' reports annotated, 907. conslrued as applying only to facts or tbings Rochester, 3907. New series, book 7, subsequent to its enactment. This despite p. 1131-1139.) the fact that the amendhent becomes, as I Conneotiout. Laws, statutes, etc. An act stated, a part of the original act. concerning trading stamps, couyons, or The careful draftsman will never draw other similar devices. any measure purllorting to construe any (In its Public acts, 1905. I-Iartford, prior law or part of a law. The rlght to 1905. p. 464-46s.) construe statutes hes solely with the judi- District of Columbia. Court of appeals. ciary. It is a right that is sedulously and District of Columbia, plff. in err., v. Wil- xealously guarded. The same end can be liam B. Kraft. (35 App. D. C. 253.) Lot- attained by the draftsman if he reclrafts as tery-gift enterprise-trading stamps. a bill the entire prior law, making the (In Lawyers' reports annotated. 1911. changes deemed necessary. Then the old Rochester, 1911. New serles, book 30, law should be specifically repealed. p. 957-9GG.) He should not attempt to draw up a tax Forbidding use of trading stamps. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

-- -District of Columbia v. New Hampshire. Laws, statutes, etc. An Gregory. Gift enterprises; criminal law. act relating to trading-stamp companies, (In its Reports of cases, Apr. 5, 1910 trading staml~sand other similar devices. to Nov. 1, 1910. New Yorlc, 1911. v. 36, (In its Laws, 1905. Concord, 1905. p. 1). 271-273.) 488-494.) Decision relating to trading stamps. Suarsnle court. Stale v. llamseu- - --- District of Columbia v. dls. Sept. -6, 1904. ICraft. Gift enterprises, constitutional (I11 Atlantic reporter. St. Pnul. 1904, law; crim~nallaw. v. 58, p. 958-9631.) (In its Reports of cases, Apr. 5, 1910, to Law l~rohibltlnguse of trading stamps Nov. 1, 1910. New York, 1911. v. 35, p. (1899, ch. GO) declared unconstitu- 253-271.) tional-it imposes arbitrary restraint Decision relating to trading stamps. on lrade not properly within police power. Dosch, A. Fallacy oC the tradmg staml~. Pearson's magazine, Aag. 1911. v. 26 167- New Jersey. Laws, statutes, etc. An acL 174. AP2.P35,v.26 relating to the issue aud rede~ngtionof trading stamps and other devices. Farrington, Frunlc. Store managemenl com- (In Its Acts of the one hundred and plete. chicago, Byxbee pub. co., 1911. 252 twenty-ninth legislature, 1905. Pater- P. HB535G.F3 son, 1905, 11. 654-556.) "Premium giving" : p. 238-252. New Yorlr. Laws, statutes, etc. An act Lo Qambling contracts. CurrenL law, 1Mar. a~uendthe penal code, relating to the is- 1911, v. 15: 2081-2085. Trading stamps: sue and reclemytion oL trading stamps or 11. 2082-2083. other dev~ces. Importance of the decisions declaring in- (In its Laws, 1904. Albany, 1904. v. 2, valid anti-trading stamp legislation. Cen 11. 1G51-1663.) tral law journal, Oct. 1907, v. 65: 303-304. --An act to amend the Massachusetts. Laws, statutes, etc. An act penal code, in relation to lrading stamps. to authorize the return 01 payments made (In its Laws, 1908. Albany, 1908. v. 2, under the provisions of the law relative g. 1221-1223,) to trading stamps and similar devices. Ohio. Laws, statutes, etc. An act to con- (In its Acts and resolves, 1906. Bos- trol the issue and redemption of trading ton, 1906. p. 762-763.) stamps and other devlces. Supreme judlcial court. O'Keefe (In its Qentral and local acts, 1904. v. City of Somerville. Jan. 3, 1906. S~ringfleld,1904. p. 277-278.) (In Northeastern reporter. St. Paul, Rhode Island. Laws, statutes, etc. An act 190G. v. 76, p. 467-459.) to protect the public niorals by prohibit Law relative to tax on business of ing schemes and devices in the nature o selling or giving trading stamps on lotteries. sales of articles (1901, ch. 403) de- (In its Acts and resolves, 1901. Prov. clared unconstitutional as class legis- dence, 1901. 11. 105-106.) lation. --The issuance of "trading Xichigan. Laws, statutes, etc. An act to stamps" declared illegal. restiain and to prohibit gift enterprises, (In its General laws. 1909. Providence, to prevent the issuing, selling or givlng 1909. p. 1284-1285.) away of tradlng stamps, or or certificates, Rubinow, I. M. Preluiums in retail trade. coupons or any token or writing redeem- Journal of political economy, Sept. 1906, able with or oxchangeable, iu whole or v. 13: 574-58d. HBl.J7,v.13 in part, for articles of merchandise or Trading stamps. Chicago legal news, Nov. value as prims, premiums, etc. 19, 1904, v. 37: 114. (In its Publ~cacts, 1911. Lansing, 1911. Gives opinions of various courts in cer- p. 41G-418.) tab cases as to legality of issuing such Xinnesota. Supreme court. State of Min- s tamas. nesota ex rel. George T. Simpson, Attor- Trading ;tamps. ney-general, v. Sperry & Hutchinson com- (In Mew international encyclopaedia. pany. (110 Minn. 378, 126 N. W. 120.) New York, 1909. v. 19, p. 409-410). (In Lawyers' reports annotated. 1311. AE5.N56,v.19 ~ochester,1911. - New series, book 30, Vermont. Laws, statutes, etc. An act to p. 966-973.) prevent the use of tradmg stamps, cou- Decision forbidding the use of trading ilons and other devices on the sale or stamps. exchtlnge of prope~ty. Nebraska. Laws, statutes, etc. Trading (In its Acts and resolves, 1898. Bur- stamps. lington, 1898. p. 93-94.) (In its Compiled statutes. 16th ed. Lin- Supreme court. State v. Dodge. coln, 1911. p. 2439-2441.) Jan. 26, 1904. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

(In ~tlnnticreporter. St! Paul, 1904. Ulec. railway jnl,, June 15, 1912, 11. 1023. v. 5G, p. 983-985.) Electric traction weekly.-. Jun. 22, 1912. Anti-trading staml) law (1898, g. 93) 1). 701. declared unconstitutional-it abridges Short talks on iuuuicigal accounting and grivlleges and immunities of citixen- reporting. July 16, 1912, No. 11 ship-deprives of property without Railroads-United States government-in- due process of law. terpretations of accounling classifications yrescribcd by Interstate commerce com- Virginia. Supreme court. Young v. Colll- Inlssion for steam roads. monwealth, Sept. 17, 1903. (In Southeastern reporler. St. Paul, Accounting bulletin No. 8, 1912 1904. v. 45, p. 327-331.) New accounting rules prescribed by the ln- Law prohibiting use of trading tersltlte commerce comm. stamps (1897-8, 442) declared uncon- Railway age gazette, July 5, 1912, p. 2. stitutional as depriving of personal Outline of classification of objects of gov- liberty. emment expenditure on n uniform basis. LJ. S commission 01 economy and effici- Washington (State). Laws, statutes, etc. ency, C~rcular19. 1911. An act relating to premium stamys, com- Regulated electric light accounting. H. M. monly called trading staml~s,cash dls- bhlwards. count stamys, ticket or rebate check, Elec. railway jnl., June 15, 1912, p. 1029. ticket, cou~~onor similar device, and to Accounting abstract X. E. L. A. convention grovide a penalty for the violation of this pagers. act. Electrical world, June 22, 1912, p. 13G9 (In its Session laws, 1907. Olympia, Standardization of accounting forms and 1907. p. 742743.) methods. 11. C. Bentley. Supreme court. Leona~xlv. Bassin- Journal 01 accountancy, June, 1912, 1). dule Allr. 23, 1907. 389. (In Pacific reporter. St. Paul, 1907. v. Treatise on cost flnding. I?. E. Webner. SS, 1). 879.) Industrial engineering, May, 1912, 11. 357. Law grohibiling issuance of trading Capitalization stamgs (1905, ch. 179) declared un- Railway capitalization and traffic. const~tutionalas depriving of proper- Railway age gazette, Seg 13, 1912, p. 474. ty without due process of law. Stock and tair value. West V~rginia. Laws, sfatutes, etc. Acts of Public service regulation, Aug. 1912, 11. the Legislature, 1905. Charleston, M. \IT, 650. Donally, 1905. GOO p. Steam and street railway capitalization. Trading stamps: See index. Railway age gazette, June 21, 1912, p. See also acts of 1907, p. 413. 1632. Supreme court of appeals. Sperry Commissions & Iiutchinson Co. v. Melton, sheriff. (Syl- Winnipeg - labus by the court.) Apr. 11, 1911. Public utilities commission act, 1912. (In Southeaslern reporter. St. Paul, Regulation of public utilities. John H. Roe- 1911. V. 71, p. 19-21.) mer. Right to levy a license tax on busi- Public service regulation, Aug. 1912, 11. Ell ness ot selling trading stamps or re- UIJ.. deenling such stamps, upheld. Public utilities court grol~osedfor Colorado. Wm. G. Deacon Public service, Sug., 1912, 11. 652. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF INTEREST TO PUBLIC Ohio utility con~nlission is criticised by SERVICE CORPORATIONS financiers. Publ~cservice, Aug. 1912, 11 70 Compiled from Information Furnished by the Utility law variations. Fred Esch. Libraries of the Public Servioe Corporation, Public servire reaulation, July, 1912, p. N. Y. District 1, and Stone & Webster. 492. Accounting Utility regulation and the 1)ublic. S. &I. Railway accounting, mental and mechan- Douglass. ical. J. S. Donaldson. Public sesvice, June, 1912, 1). 454. Railway age gazette, Aug. 30, 1912, 11. Commission government jn U. S. 392. Engineering news, May 30, 1912, g. 1059. Filing methods and routing in an engineer- Annual report N. J, board public utility ing office. J. C. Trautwine. commissioners, 1911. Engineering news, Aug. 22, 1912, p. 350. Electrolysis Accounting for capital espenditures. B. E. Comparison of Chicago electrolysis ordi- Bra~nble. nance and British Board of trade regula- Street railway bulletin; July, 1912, p. tions. 378. Electrical world, Aug. 10, 1912, p. 294. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Binal hearing on electrolysis in Chicago. Depreciation and obsolescence. Elec. rwy. jnl., June 29, 1912, p. 1123. Power, June 18, 1912 p. 873. Electrical world, June 29, 1912, 13. 1414. Depreciation John W. Alvord. Comparative advantages of the variouv re- Engineering record, June 16, 1912, g. 485. medial nleasures for preventing and reduc- Franchises ing the electrolysis of water mains. A. HOW the Chicago and Cleveland street rail- F. Ganx. way settlements ale working out. Delos I?. Engineering-contracting, June 2G, 1912, Wilcox. p. 729. Engineering news, Sept. 19, 1912, g. 526. Electrolytic corrosion of iron by d-c in street Branchise renewal in Bangor, Maine. John soil. R Graham Proceedings Amer. inst. elec, engineers, Electric railway jnl., Ang, 31, 1912, 11. June, 1912, p. 1001. 341. Engineering news, June 13, 1912, 1). New lrrtnchfse ordil~nnceproposed in Kansas 1128. City. Engineering record, June 15, 1912, p. Hlectric railway jnl., Aug. 24, 1912, 11 659. 295. Electrolysis prevention in Chicago. Electric railway franchises; extensions into Elec. rwy. jnl., June 1, 1912, p. 921. outlying districts, attitude of property Electric traction weekly, June 1, 1912, y. owners and municipalities toward exten- 637. sions. Electrical world, June 8, 1912, p. 1245. Journal electricity, power & gas, July Electrolysis investigation and ordinance at 27, 1912. (Edit.) Chicago. Franchise agreement between the city of Enginearlng news, June 6, 1912, p. 1080. Providence and the Rhode Islnnd co. Peoria electrolysis decree. Electric railway jnl., June 22, 1912', p. Engineering record, May 25, 1912, p. 562- 1078.-. 575. Short term franchise. dangers demonstrated public service ragulatio~l, May, 1912, P. in state of New Jersey. 314. Electric traction weekly, May 11, 1912, Electric rwy. jnl., May 18, 1912, p. 827. 11. 6'30. Electrical world, May 18, 1912, p. 1062. Labor Electrolytic corrosion of underground metal- Welfare work in Brooklyn, N. Y. lic structures in Milwaukee. Elec. rwy. jnl., Aug 3, 1912, p. 193. Engineering-contracting, May 1, 1912, p. Co-partnership and profit sharing as a soh- 405. tion tor the wages groblem. J. C. Ker- Competition shaw. Eng. magazine, Sept. 1912, p. 837. Legislation regarding restraint of competi- Methods of determining the wages of em- tion. ployees. Railway age gazette, July 5, 1912, p. 53. Elec. rwy. jnl., Aug. 24, 1912, p. 285. Depreoiation Pfcflt sharing and co-partnership. Journal of gas lighting, July, 23, 1912, p. Depreciation and sinking funds. 648. Canadian engineering, Aug. 8, 1912, p. 299. Employers' liability in New Jersey. Depreoiation: organization for and methods The bulletin, Aug. 1912, p. 652. of and results of physical valuation in Massachusetts worlunen's compensation act. Nebraska, 1909. Electrical world, Aug. 17, 1912, p. 346. Engineering-contracting, Aug. 21, 1912, Workmen's compensation in Mass. N. H. p. 221. Daniels, Jr. Engineering nows, Aug. 15, 1912, p. 300. Stone & Webster, public service jnl., Depreciation of power plant equipment. E. Aug., 1912, p. 123. Brown. Outcome of Wash. state compensation act, Electrical world, Aug. 3, 1912, p. 268. Jnl. of elec. power & gas, Aug. 10, 1912, ~'e~reciationand sinking funds. C. A. p. 115. Smith, W. 0. Strangward. Comparative study of railway wages and Electric railway jnl., July 27, 1912, p. costs of living in U. S., United Kingdom 122. and continental Europe. Depreciation on electric light and power Bureau of railway economics, No. 34, plants. 1912, p. 534. Electric railway jnl., July 13, 1912, .p. New eight hour law. Geo. A. King. 60. Engineering record, June 15, 1912, p. 480. ~e~reciationallowance and income tax. C. Employers' liability. M. M. Dawson. Woodal and W. Cash. Eng. magazine, July, 1912: p. 698. Jnl. of gal Itg., June 18, U12 p. 886. Electrical world, June 8, 1912, p. 1273. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Higher ef8ciency and lower rates. G. A. Engineering-contracting, July 31, 1912, Uamon. 11. 136. Jnl. 0): elec. power t gas, June 1, 1912, Valuation by earnings. By Stevens. p. 576. Public service regulation, July, 1912, p. Regulation of ra~lwayrates under the 14th 438. amendment. F. J. SwayZe. Appraisal of street lightlng service: Worces- Quarterly jnl: of economics, May, 1912, ter, Mass. p. 389. lhgineeriag record, JII~Y27, 1912, p. Water rate regulation in Wisconsin. G. C. 681. Mathews. Principles 01 valui~tion or l~nlllic utilities. Engineeriug news, May 23, 1912, 1). 1004 H. I?~c~Ho~. Public service regulation, J~lne,1912, p. Regulation :

An open shop city. Higher railroad rate8 vs. scientiflc manage- Nanufacturers' record, June 27, 1912, p. ment. Harry A. Bullock, 1912. 49. Fare decision; New York & Long Island Mediation and arbitration of railway labor traction co. disputes in the U. S. Electric railway jnl., ~ug.17, 1912, p. Bulletin, U. S. bureau of labor, Jan., 265. 1912, p. 62. Radical fare ordinance in Portland, Ore. Electric railway .jnl., Aug. 8, 24, 1912, p. Libraries 301. Library science. A. L. Heywood. Graphio regresentation of electric rates. A. Engineering news, June 20, 1912, p. 1187. E. Eiseninenger. Technical information bureaus. Louise B. .lownal of electricity, ]loweis & qas, July Krause. 27, 1912, 11. 71. Engineering record, June 22. 1912, 1). Suggestea sliding scale for dividends lor 495. street rmlways, determined by quallty at Co-operative information bureau started in service. Boston, Mass. Engineering-contracting, Aug 7, 1912, Engineering record, May 18, 1912, p. 533. p. 658. Rate regulation-determining probable net Xanagement income i~iadvance of experience delusive Practical application of scientiflc manage- Central law journal, Aug. 2, 1912, p. G31. ment to railway operation. W. L. Symons. "Rate advance" decisions and eighteen Jnl. of Franklin inst., Jan., 1912, p. 47. months after. Comment upon some of the history of the Railway age gazetle, Aug. L, 1912, p. 190. science of management. Law of railroad rate regulation with spe- Engineering-contracting, Aug. 14, 3 912, cial referance to American legislation. 11. G76. 30s. 13. Benle and Bruce Wyman, 1907. Scientific management. Special-rate customers and their elimination. Bulletin 01 Society for promotion of en- Electrical world, July 27, 1912, 1). 202. gineering education, June, 1912, p. 549. Crosbv Rill on rate resulation. Municipal Ownership ~l&ric failway jnl.,-Aly 20, 1912, p. 94. Discrimination in the matter of express Government regulation of railway operation. rates, practices, accounts and revenues. Railway age gazette, Sept. 6, 1912, p. 416. Interstate commerce con~mission, Opin- Results of seven years' operation of the ion No. 19G7. 1912. Seattle nlunicipal plant. Proper and equitable rate necessary to se- Electrical world, July 20, 1912, p. 135. cure the good mill of a community. Abs. Railroads -extent of government ownership. G. S. Merrill and Discussion. Railway age gazette, July 19, 1912, p. 85. Electrical review, June 15, 1912, p. 1169. Check on below-cost municipal charges. Rate research committee 00 N. E. L. A. Electrical world, July 13, 1912, p. 60-82. Jnl. of electricity, power & gas, July 6, Engineering record, July 6, 1912, p. 2. 1912, p. 10. Why municipal plants are failures. Determining rates for gas service. Prof. C. Public service, July, 1912, p. 626. -.L. Corv.--." Ratee Public service, July, 1912, p. 524 Natural gas rates. Cost of electricity may be reduced. (7th Annual Meeting Natural Gas Asan., ~outhwesternelectrician, June 12, 1912, p. May 21, 1912.) 22. Progressive age, Sept. 2, 1912, p. 734. Rates and standards for all utilltiee covered Branchlses and fares in hlilwaukee. in flrst New Jersey report under new law. Electric railway jnl, Sept. 7, 1912, p. 352. Public service regulation, June, 1912, p. Reasonable fare determination, Syracuse, 3SS. Lake Shore & Northern R. R. Co. Illustrating rates by models. Public service regulation, Mar, 1912, p. Nat. electric light assn. Bulletin, Mar. 552. 1912, p. 381. Just value of monoplies, and the regulation Fixing public service corporation rates. of the prices of their products. Joseph Progressive age, July 1, 1912, p. 676. Mayer. Abstract of report of Rate research com- American society of civil eng. Proceed- mittee, Nat. elec. light assn. ings, Aug. 1912, p. 919. Discussion, Electrical world, June 22, 1912, p. 1375. p. 709. Reasonable regulation of railway rates. Decision of Wisconsin r. r. commission in Railway age gazette, June 28, 1912, p. matter of Milwaukee vs. Mil. el. ry. & It. 1599. CO. Average rates charged for lighting and mo. Public service regulation, Aug., 1912, g. tor service in European etatione. D. Ber- 608. covitz. SPECIAL L

Bibliography The ch~ef. Government weekly. 249 p. The chief ])ltb. co., New York, '12. Catalogue de la Bibliotheque de la caml~ag- nie d' assurances "Rossia" St. Pctersburg, Fire insurance rating IMward R. Hardy. 1'arLs 1-11 md 111 instruction papcr. Russia. 443 and 30 llages, 1912. references on fire preventloa; exclu- .Imer~cnr~st.11001 of correspondence ser- Select ies. I:k! 11, Chic. '12. sive of material on prevention of. lorest Lectures 011 lire insurnnce. Lectures be- fires. H. H. B. hfeyer, Chief bibliogra- Library of Congress, Wash., D. fore evening classes in fire insurance of pher. 1'1113 insulxnce l~brury association of C. Typewritten ms. J3osto11,1911-1912. Part I, flre hazards: Selected references 011: rates and ]-ate malc- par1 11, ratcs and rate nzaking, part lII, ing; policy clauses and forms; fire protec- hre prote(:tlon; part IV, fire iusurance tion; flre hazards, local agency organ- policy tornls and clauses; par1 V, local ization and mauagement. Jn Lectures agency orgitn~xation and management. on fire insurance, Boston, 1912. The 476 g. L3oslot1, '12. (The insurance if- Insurance library association of Ros- brary t~ssociationof Boston). ton. The business of insurance. Cumpiled by Selected reading references on Insurance. Howard P. Uunham. 2 vols I500 pages. In The business of insurance. New York. New Yorli, 1912. (Ronald lmss co) 1912. Ronald press co. Fire prevention and protection, as a~~lied Law of Insurance to building construction. A hand-book oE theory and practice. Josegh Kendall Digest of msurance cases, e~nbracmgall de- lO3S cisions in any manner aflccting insurance FreiLag. pages. N. Y., 191%. John companies or their contracts . . . tor \Viley & sons, pub. the year ending 0. 31, '11. Guiltord A. Deitch. Vol. xxlv. 605 p. Indianapolis, BIBLIOGRAPHIES '12. Bill drafting. A paper on "13ill drafting" Statistics by Ja~ncsMcKirdy, read at the Annual Fire insurance expense ratlo table, '12. Law. meeting of the Special Libraries Assoc~r~- Harrison, Pam. Nutley, N. J., '12. tion of Ottawa, Can., June, 1912, and pub- The fire insurance poclret index. exhibiting lished in this issue of Special Libraries, accurate statistics of conditions and bnsi- as recently issued in gamyhlet form ness of American and foreign conil~anies by I he Pennsylvania legislative reference for ten years ending Dec 31, '11. Spec- bureau oL which its author is assistant di- tacor co., New Yorlc, '11. reci.or, contains a bibliography on the Record of busmess . . . . by the joint subject of bill drafting, 11. 17-21. stock flre insurance companies in 1911 . . Books and book making. "A fincling list . . showing fire rislrs written, gremiums of bool~srel:lting to l~rinting,1)ooli indns- received, losses paid and losscs incurred tries, Ilbraries and bibliogl~~l)hyin the IU 1911, together with percenta~es of Virginia state 1il)rary" apl~earsfrom that each company for 1911 and aggregate lnvt~lutioilas its Uulletin for Al1r11, 1912, business for 31 years. Charles A. Jen- v. il, no. 2. 1':asl G. Swem is the cow ney, New Yorlr, '12. Weelrly underwrit- J 2:::: p. er co. Brick industry. In its January, 1912, Insurance year book, 1912-1913. Fire and Monthly I~ulletiu,Lhe Carnegie library of marine. 40th an, issue. Carefully cor- Pittsburgh ]~ul)l~sl~eda list on "Uriclr man- rected to June 20, 1912. 513, 258, 574 ufaclure and I~riclc laying", whI(:h al- 11. New Yorlc, '12. Spectator co. though iL contains only the more impor- Best's insurance reports. Fire, marine and tant references on the subjcct in that li- miscellaneous. 1912. Thirteenth edition. brary, '1.onstitules a valuable 1)lbllogral)hy On American and foreign joint stock of 2F pages. and American mutual cos., inter-iusur- Capital punishment. "A select list of rcf- ance associations and individual under. erences on capital ~)uuishment" appears writing organizations. 522 p. New Yorlc, from ille library of Congress. This is '1%. Alfred M. Best co. Lhe semnd list in the l~re]~al'ntionof which Reports of fire insurance coml)anies for year Mr. H. 1-1. B. Mcyer has eullrloyed the ending D. 31, '11. Detailed financial statc- co-operation of state and legislative yelcr- nlents; details of assets; comparative ewe 11l)raries throughont the country. Tlle exhibits for five years, directors, etc. entries are classed under general, favor- 876 and A32 p. New Yorlc, '12. able and olwosed and n subject index makes the item furlher available. 45 p. Text Books 1912. Fire prevention. Peter Joseph McKeon. A Commerce and labor, The Division of pub- treatise and text book on mnlring life and lications of the U. S. Del~artnleutof com- properly safe against fire, written for merce and labor has issued the 8th edi- SPECIAL L

tion, dated July 1, 1912, of its "List of pub- Apr. 1912, is devoted to "Books for farm- lications of the Department of commerce ers and farmers' wives", a list compiled and labor available for distribution." 63 p. by H. 0. Severance to place before the Conservation. Co-incident with the meeting men and women of the farms the names of the National conservation commission and descriptions of a few useful books of in Indianapolis early in October, 1912, the service to them in their work. 22 p. Indiana State library devoted the entirc Fauna-National reservations, Circular NO. issue of its September Bulletin to the snb- 87 of the U.S. Bureau of biological survey, ject of Conservation. The material is ar- "National reservations for the protection ranged as a "Guide to the study of con- of wild life", contains a list of the pub- servation" under the subheads: General lications on the fauna of national reser- works on the various pllases of conserva- vations which is "by no means a com- tion, forestry, waters, irrigation and plete bibliography of the comprehensive drainage, waterways, soil, vital resources; literature which has developed during re- Organizations ; Magazine literature ; State cent years but includes merely titles of action for conservation; Federal govern- some of the more important publications ment and conservation. Sach of these di- with special refernces to the fauna or to visions of the subject includes n brief thc administration of the preserves!' p. statement and a selected bibliography. 12 17-32. P. Fuel testing. In Bulletin 49 of the U. S. Direct primaries. The text of the Intercol- Bureau of mines-"City smoke ordinances legiate debates on dlrect ~rimaries,Har- and smoke abatement" by S. B. Flagg- vard v Yale, Yale v. Princeton, Apr. 3, the publications of the Bureaa on fuel 1911, authorized by the Harvard debating testinq, which may be obtained free from council, contains a bibliography of the the Dirertor, are listed. p. 53-56. 1912. subject of the debate, consisting of two Housing. A list of books and periodical lists,-books and pamphlets, and periodi- articles on "Hoasing" occupied 37 pages cals and proceedings of various organiz- of the Dec. 1911 number of the Monthly ations. p. 6-9. 1911. bulletin of the Carnegie library of Pitts- Disinfectants. The American public health burg. The list comprises several divi- journal, Oct. 1912, contains the Report of sions of the subject,-bibliographies con- the Committee of the Laboratory section snlted, synopsis, housing in general and of the American gublic health association housing in sllecial localities, housing leq- on standardization of disinfectants to islation model tenements, garden cities which is appended a brief bibliography on and tenant co-partnership. the subject of the report. p. 811. Health and hypiene. The U. S. Superintend- Employer and employed. Winthrop Tal- ent of documents has listed all the "Uni- bott, editor of Human Engineering, Cleve- ted States public documents relating to land, Ohio, has compiled a "Select bibli- heallh and hygiene inclilding water polln- ography d recent publications on the tion and purification, food, diet," etc., for helpful relations of employers and em- sale by him. 72 p. Jnly, 1912. (Price ployed!' In the introduction, the author list 51, ed. 3.) states that "this bibliography has bee11 Legislative reference. The flrst publication compiled for those interested in the human of the Legislative reference department problems of industry. It places in con- of the Vermont state library, which was venient form references to current pub- organized in June. 1931, couaists of a find- lications dealing with whatever seems ad- ing list of the Books and pamphlets in the mirable in the harmonious relations of Department and is in itself a very inter- industrial concerns and their employees. esting resume of the subjects ahd class It treats also of the larger problems aris- of material covered in building up a leg- ing from the industrial systems which islative relerence department. 111 p. 1912. engage the attention of constructive Liquor-License. A bibliography prepared thinkers everywhere." 112 11. 1912. fop the Ohio Constitutional convention by Engineering periodicals. From the Ameri- the Library of the Ohio state university can society of mechanical engineers comes is a "Select list of references on license a "List of periodical sets of serial publica- of the liquor trafFic in the United States", tions in the joint Iibrary of the Engi- compiled by C. W. Reeder, Feb. 9, 1912. neering societies, 1. e., the American in- P. stitute of electrical engineers, the Amer- Library economy. An annotated list of re- ican society of meclkanical engineers, the cently published library aids, appeared American institute of mining engineers", in the October, 1911, issue of New Porli compiled by Alice J Gates, July 1, 1812. libraries, p. 14-16 and in a foot-note at- 55 p. tention is called to earlier lists of 8imi- Farm life. The Bulletin of the University lar publications appearing in the same of Missourf, Library series v. 1, no. 4, periodical, v. 1, p. 147 and v. 2, p. 133. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Montessori system of education. A review for the use of the Constitutional conven- of Dr. Maria Montessori's recently pull- tion" was issued in a leaflet of 6 gages, lished book on her system of education Fell. 30, 1912 and gives an interesting "I1 metodo della pedagogics scientiflca" survey of the questions that must be talc- by Anna Tolman Smith, which constitutes en up by such an assembly Bnlletin, 1912, no. 17, wh. no. 489 of tlle Transportation. Price list 25, 3d edition, U. S. Bureau of education, contains on from the U. S. Supcriutcnclent of clocu- pages 29-30 a I~ibliographyof this new sys- ments, is devoted to a "List of United tem of educating young children. States ~)oblicdoc~~ments, relating to inter- state commerce, railroads, roads, inland Railroads. The Bureau of railway econ- waterways, merchant ma~'ine,etc." 112 1, onlics has pul~lished an extensive bibli- June, 1912. ography on "Railway economics" which is Weights and measures. The publications of a collective catalogue of books in fonr- the U. S. Bureau of stanclards are listed teen American libraries and constitutes in its Circular no. 24, issued July 1, 1912, a volume of 446 pages. The general sub- edition 3. 44 11. ject headings are General worlrs and history; Bibliography; General works 011 special topics; Administration; Construc- CURRENT REFERENCES tion and operation; Traffic; Railways of respective countries; Railway periodicals; Agricultural credit-Foreign. and Proceedings. Also an index of names A preliminary report on land and agri- is addecl. Literature in periodicals, in col- cultural credit in Europe including the lections of miscellaneous papers, in gener- letter of Pres~dentWilliain 14. Taft to al worlrs containing railway material and the governors of the states and the re- in all but the most important state and ~ommonilntionsof Ambassador hIyron T federal docunlents is not listed. 1912. lerriclc in csonnection with the proposal of President Taft to introduce co-opera- Recreation. The division of recreation of tive credit in the United Statcs has been the Russcll Sage Foundation of New Yorlr published in Washington (37 p. Oct. city announces a "Recreation Uibliogrn- 1912) and from the Iln~tedSlates Sen- phy" consisting of an annotdted list of ate come two other carlier clocuments more formal poblications ancl an extensive bearing on the subject-"Agricultural reading list of pamphlets, magazine arti- credit-general theory of co-olicrstivc cles, etc. 10 cents a copy. credit in Prance and other Po19eign coun- Roads. A list prepared by the Washington tries" by Maurice Dufourmantelle, trans- State hbrary with the co-oilsration of the lated by P. C, Biddle, and "Sys~ems of State university, the State college and the rural co-operatwe credit; an outline of ~iubliclibraries of Seattle, Tacoma and the Eurolmtn co-operative credit systems Sl~oliane,for the high school debates of from bulletins of economic and soc~alin- that state on the question of "Slate ~oncls," telligence published by the International is issued in n small boolrlet of 42 pages. institute of agriculture." (U. S. Con- Hoolts and pamphlets on the subject we gress '62~1. 2cl ses. Sen. cloc, nos. 572 and sroulled together followecl by periodical 5.74, Apr. IDl2). articles, state pnhlicat~onsand 17. S, docu- Child labor. ments. 1912. Last June with the fl~~stissue of the Rooming houses. A bibliogrxl~hvcompletes Child lnl~orbulletin, the Nafional child T". K. Fretz's thesis fol' the degree of labor committee announced that in the Doctor of philosophy from the Graduate future it would undertalre the publication school of the TJniversily of Pennsylvania, of its own docunlents, in a quarlerly, to on "The fnrn~shedroon~ problem in Phila- be known as the Child labor bulletin. clelphin," 1) 1(;9-71 The first. issue contained pa1)ers ancl pro- r'eedings of the eighth annual Conl'erence Sawfiles. X Iiibliography 011 sawflies is a on cl~ild labor. The second number, part of an article la the University of which appcarecl in August contains a cli- Colorado SLndies, Nay, 1912, 011 "The saw gest of the main features of laws govern- fl~es(chaloscognstral of Houldel. counm, in? chilf labor in the various states, the Colorado", by 5. -4. Rohmer. g 103-4 unlPorin child labor law, a syinliosinn~on Spotted fever. An ariicle by 55'. C. Rncli- street trades and a paper on the admin- cr 011 "Rocliy mountain sgottecl Icver", istration of child labor laws. in Pul~lic health rel~orts of the TJnited Children-Conservation. States ~loblichealth service, Sept. 1.3, 1912, Under the tltle "Conservation of school c~ontainsa lolu9-l)aeel~tl~liofrapll~ on spot- children" the papers and cliscussions of tecl fever. 11. 1.479-82 a Conference at LeIligh University, Apr. State constitution "A list ot books lent by X and 4, 1912, held under the auspices the Library of the Ohio State University of the American academy of medicine to- SPECIAL LIBRARIES

gether with several papers (not presented reau of education bulletin, 1912, no. 9, lo the Conference) prepared for this vol- wh, no. 480, sets forth the growth of the ume, are reprinted from the Bulletin of idea of day scl~oolsin suburban or rural the American academy of medicine. Such districts for the boys of the city, the topics as education of feeble-minded chil- methods, advantages and difficulties of lr,en, sterilization and segregation of the such a system, which, unfortunately, it anflt, child labor, teaching of hygiene and has been possible, so far, to apply only sex instruction, in the schools, medical to boys of the wealthier classes on ac- insl~ectionof the scl~ools,school lunches, count of the high cost. 22 p. school nurses, open-air schools, schools Creosotes, for cripples, occupied the programs of the Circular no. 20G of the U. S. Forest serv- meeting. 293 p. ice, prepared by C. P. Winslow, head of City ordinances. the Forest products laboratory is a study The Chicago woman's club has had print- of "Commercial creosotes with special ed for free distribution a little booklet reference to protection of wood from de- of "City ordinances you ought to Icnow," cay." A tabular clnssiflcation and de- compiled by the Committee of the Re- scription of 31 samples occupies several form department on the enforcement of pages. The informatian in the pamphlet, city orclinances. The newspapers of Chi- it is stated, is intended rather for those cago had already co-operated in this work unfamiliar with various products sold as by printing pronlinently the selected or- creosote than for the chemist or manu- dinances in their daily editions. The facturer. 38 p. 1912. motto of the compilation is "Ignorance of Eleotricity-Units and standards. the law excuses no one" and the hope in At the International conference held in its publicntion and distribution is to London In 3.908, there mas established an "help in making Chicago more beautiful, International committee 011 electrical healthful and law abiding." 46 p. 1911. units and standards, its duty to be the City planning. promoting of investigations in electrical The Report of the Metropolitan plan com- standards and electrical rnensurements; mission created by a Massachusetts re- and, among others, it a~pnlnteda Special solve of 1911, to report a plan for co- technical comnlittee to investigate the ordinating civic development in the Me- concrete standards of the international tropolitan district was issued Jan. 1, 1912. electricnl units and to reconinlend a value The Commission reconmends that a Me- for the Weston normal cell, in the Iabor- tropolitan planning board be constituted atories of the Bureau of stantlnrds at to collect data for a city plan, to study Washington, D. C. The report of this questions not already within the scope of Special technical committee to the Inter- any existing agency, to exanline all plans national committee has been issued by by pnblic authorities and approve or dis- the Bureau of stanclal-(1s and bears the approve them, and snbmits a bill to this date Jan. 1, 1912. The report includes effect The appendix contains, among the minutes of the 19 meetings held by other cliscussions, etc., pertinent to the the Coinmittee, its conclusions and recom- subject of the Report, an article on "The mendations, 6 appenclices showing details success of city planning elsewhere" which of various phases of the work, and a summarizes the work done in this line in resume of the question of electrical units sixteen American cities and a "Selected and stmdards. 207 p. biography of city planning." 61 p. Employment of ohildren. conservation of human life. A pamphlet recently issued by the De- At the request of Senator Robert L. Owen, partment of social investigation of the Professor Irving Fisher and Miss Emily Chicago school of civics and l)hilnntlirogy F. Robbins prepared a "Memorial relat- (Russell Sage foundalion) , entitled ing to the conservation of human life "Finding eniplogment for children who as contemplated by Bill (S. 1.) providing leave the grade schools to go lo work," for a United States public-health serv- Is n report made to several Chicago WO- ice," for the purpose of pointing out the men's clubs. The following flve divisions extent of the great national waste, due of the report indicate the ground cover- to disease, death and inefficiency and the ed:-1, The school and the working child, best means of checlring the waste. This a plea for employment supervision in city *report was presented to Congress, April schools, by S, P. Brecliinridge and Edith 5, 1912, and is pnblished as Senate docu- Abbott; 2, Preliminary report 011 oppor- ment no. 493 of the 62rl Congress, 2d ses- tunities of employment in Chicago open sion. 82 p. to girls under 16, by A. S. Davis; 3, Pub- Country schools. lic care of worlring children in England under the title 'Country schools for and .Germany, some notes on .juvenile city boys," W. S. Myers, in U. S. Bu- labour exchanges, by Edith ~ibott;4, SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Trade and technical classes for girls in of the Bureau in maliing mining safer, Chicago, 5, Selected bil~liograpl~relating by pointing out the chlef causes of such to employment su1)ervlsion. accidents, l~recant~onsthat should be talc- en and thc treatment for electrical shock. Eugenics. The Eugenics education society has pub- 13 1). 1912. lished, under the title "Prol~lemsin en- Minimum wage boards. genics" the papers con~municated to the .hother resolution of the Massachusetts Fimt international eugcnics congress, legislature of 1'311 grovlded for the ap- hell1 at the University of London, July pointment of a Coinmission to investigate 24 to 20, 1913. The rolume of 490 pages the wages of women and children ancl takes up the problem uildcr discussion to reyort on the ~clvisabilityof establish- from various vlem-points,-biology and ing minimum wage boards. The report engenirs, llraclipal eugenics, education of this Commission, Jan. 1912, discnsses and engenics, sociology aud eugenics, the wage situation, the cost of living, medicine and eugenics being the topics inlninlurn wage boards, the Victorian sys- of the various sections. tem, the English sytein, need of legisla- Horse power. tion in Massachuselts, legislation recom- "The relation of the horse yower to the mended, and concludes with a draft of a lrilowatt" is discussed in Circular no. 34 bill to establish a minimum wage commis- issued June 1, 1912 by the U. S. Rurean sion. The Secretary of the Commission of standards. The RuretLu talres this 01)- submits also a segarate report of her in- portunity to recoinmend the use of the vestigation into the wages of women kilowatt instead of the horse power. 12 morlcers. The allpendix contains statis- D. tics and summaries on related topics. Injunctions-Federal. 326 p. The argument of Thomas C. Spelling be- Municipal adrninistmtlon-Chioago, Ill. fore a Sub-committee of the Senate com- "The charls of organization of all de- nlll tee on the judisiary on "Limiting led- pastments of the city of Chicago, as in era1 injunctions", Aug. 13, 1912, is print- effect February, 19 12, indicating lines of ed as Senate document no. 944 of the G2d authority and resgonsibility, t~tles,clas- Congress, 2d sesslon. '73 p. sifications, grades, number and salaries Library economy-Classincatlon. of l~ositions ancZ the total number and The U S. War department has a sl~ecial corhpensat~onof employes assigned to the scheme for classifying the material in the various departments" as aulhorized by lil~raiy of the War college clivis~onof the the Chicago civil service commission and General staff, a revised edition of which pregarod by its efficiency division, offer a has recently been issuecl-Feb. 1912-as fascinating as well as practical study of paml)l~letno. 18. As a goide to tirrtmg- the organization of the administration ing military boolcs and pnpers it will oC of a lalge city. An analysis of ernl~loy- great service to any library composed all nlent precedes the charts. The whole or in par1 of this class of material. The constitutes n square octavo paml~hlet of main cliv~sionsof this scheme of classi- ($1 gages fication are: 'general warfare and train- Rooming houses. ing. military situation, arln~inistration, A thews presented to the faculty of the su~ylyand transportation. cavalry and Graduate school ot the Univessiiy of infantry, artillery, technical troops, minor. Pennsylvania in partial fulfillment of the services, nary. All of these are snbcli- reqniremente for the degree of Doctor of vided, or ctin be, whenevcr necessary A minnic subject index to the tables corn- philosophy, by Franklin Kline Fritz is a tudv of "The furnished room i~roblemin pletes the scheme. 102 ]). ~hiinclelphia." The investiga&on covers Mineral waste. the economic ancl social ~rohlelllsinvolv- 111 its Bulletin no. 47, "Notes on mineral ecl, the problems of cri~neand vice, and wastes" by C. L. Parsons, the U. S. Rn- vital statistics. 171 p. reau of mine^ presrnts to the public the l'esnlts of certain preliminary inquiries Smoke. The U. S. I3urean of mines, in the course as to the nature and extent of the need- less waste of the min~ralresourws of of its fuel investigations has collected in- formation in regard to attempts of cities tllc country which ~111Ile follo\vecl later to abate the smoke nuisance. This in- by a mow detailed rellort. 44 1). 1932. lormat~on,l~resenlerl to the public in Bul- Mines-Electrical accidents. [.tin 49 of thc Bureau, unrlcr the title "Electrical accirl~ulsin mlnes, thei~'aus- "City smolre orclinances ancl smolre abate- t's and reven en ti on." are treater1 in hIiners' ment," wt~s com~~ileclby S. B Flagg. circular 5, of the U. S. Bnreau of Mines. Snlolie ordinances oC 34 cities are sum- This little pamphlet furthers the work marized or glven in full, 55 p. 1912.