Taksonomska Analiza Vrsta Iz Podfamilije Syrphinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) U Srbiji

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Taksonomska Analiza Vrsta Iz Podfamilije Syrphinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) U Srbiji UNIVERZITET U NOVOM SADU PRIRODNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET DEPARTMAN ZA BIOLOGIJU I EKOLOGIJU mr Zorica Nedeljković TAKSONOMSKA ANALIZA VRSTA IZ PODFAMILIJE SYRPHINAE (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) U SRBIJI -DOKTORSKA DISERTACIJA- Novi Sad, 2011. Predgovor Ova disertacija predstavlja plod dugogodišnjeg rada i saradnje sa profesorima i kolegama iz Laboratorije za entomologiju Departmana za biologiju i ekologiju u Novom Sadu. Predstavlja sintezu taksonomskih, faunističkih i bioloških podataka o vrstama iz podfamilije Syrphinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) na području Srbije. Nakon dugogodišnjeg proučavanja ove insekatske grupe u našoj Laboratoriji, što je rezultovalo brojnim naučnim radovima, a naročito nakon revizije vrsta iz podfamilije Eristalinae, postavila se neminovna potreba za revizijom vrsta druge podfamilije osolikih muva- Syrphinae. Ova insekatska grupa sadrţi brojne vrste i rodove nerešenog i nejasnog taksonomskog statusa što je predstavljalo dodatni podstrek za izradu ove disertacije sa ciljem njihovog razrešavanja, što je nadam se i postignuto. Ovaj rad je takoĎe i rezultat rada na projektima Ministarstva nauke i zaštite ţivotne sredine- „Diverzitet flore panonskog dela Srbije, ugroţenost širenjem invazivnih korova i njihov uticaj na zdravlje ljudi“ (br. 143037, od 2005-2010) i Ministarstva prosvete i nauke Republike Srbije- „Konzervaciona strategija za očuvanje zaštićenih i strogo zaštićenih vrsta u Srbiji- osolike muve (Diptera: Syrphidae) kao model organizmi“ (br. OI 173002, od 2011-2015). Kao stipendista Ministarstva prosvete i nauke Republike Srbije (broj ugovora 365) ovom prilikom ţelim da izrazim svoju neizmernu zahvalnost Ministarstvu na nesebičnoj podršci i pomoći tokom svih ovih godina (počev od magistarskih studija pa sve do izrade doktorske disertacije). Novi Sad, avgust 2011. Mr Zorica Nedeljković II Zahvalnica Veliku zahvalnost dugujem svom mentoru Profesoru dr Anteu Vujiću, pre svega što mi je „dozvolio“ da postanem deo sirfidološkog tima, na svim sugestijama, savetima i pomoći tokom naše dugogodišnje saradnje. Veliko hvala mojoj dragoj Profesorici dr Smiljki Šimić, na nesebičnoj podršci i pomoći i što je uvek bila tu kada mi je bilo najteţe. Veliko hvala profesorici dr Dragani Rajković na svim sugestijama i podršci tokom izrade ove disertacije. Veliko hvala mojoj dragoj koleginici dr Sneţani Radenković- Neni na predivnoj saradnji i sugestijama. Puno hvala svim mojim kolegama iz Laboratorije za Entomologiju (Dubravki, Sanji, Ani) na lepim provedenim trenucima i naravno na strpljenju. Ogromno hvala mojoj dragoj koleginici Jeleni Ačanski- Jeli na neizmernoj pomoći i podršci tokom izrade ove disertacije. Puno hvala svim kolegama koje su sakupile materijal. Hvala kolegama iz Laboratorije za Palinologiju- mr Predragu Radišiću i mr Branku Šikopariji koji su mi omogućili korišćenje lupe i kamere. Neizmerno hvala kolegi Dieteru Doczkalu iz Nemačke na ogromnoj pomoći i sugestijama neophodnim za rešavanje taksonomskih problema. Veliko hvala dr Graham Rotheray-u iz Nacionalnog Muzeja Škotske (National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK) na pomoći tokom pregleda larvenih oblika osolikih muva. Veliko hvala profesorici dr Mariji Angeles Marcos Garcia sa Univerziteta u Alikanteu (CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, España) na podršci i sugestijama. Veliko hvala profesoru dr Palu Boži na saradnji na projektu Ministarstva. Veliko hvala kolegi dr Andjeljku Petroviću sa Univerziteta u Beogradu na pomoći. Veliko hvala kolegi Jugu Benitez de la Fuente (Universidad de Concepcion, Čile) na pomoći. Neizmerno i veliko hvala mojoj Porodici (Makiju, Tati, Šiši, Meji) na ogromnoj podršci, ljubavi i strpljenju, a posebno i najveće hvala mojoj Nukali. Neizmerno hvala mom Antoniju na ogromnoj podršci. HVALA SVIMA KOJI SU NA BILO KOJI NAČIN POMOGLI DA DODJE DO REALIZACIJE OVE DOKTORSKE DISERTACIJE!!! III Sadrţaj 1 UVOD ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Ciljevi ......................................................................................................................... 2 2 PREGLED LITERATURE ............................................................................................. 3 2.1 Faunistička i taksonomska istraţivanja osolikih muva na Balkanskom poluostrvu .. 3 2.2 Biogeografska istraţivanja na području Balkanskog poluostrva ............................... 5 2.3 Klasifikacija familije Syrphidae sa osvrtom na podfamiliju Syrphinae .................... 5 2.4 Opšte karakteristike podfamilije Syrphinae ............................................................... 6 2.4.1 Morfološke karakteristike adultnih jedinki ......................................................... 6 2.4.2 Razviće vrsta podfamilije Syrphinae ................................................................ 13 2.5 Istorijat taksonomskih istraţivanja podfamilije Syrphinae ...................................... 15 2.6 Geografski poloţaj Srbije ......................................................................................... 17 2.6.1 Hidrografija Srbije ............................................................................................ 17 2.6.2 Klima Republike Srbije ..................................................................................... 18 2.7 Biogeografske karakteristike Srbije ......................................................................... 18 3 MATERIJAL I METODE ............................................................................................ 22 3.1 Baza podataka .......................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Geometrijska morfometrija ...................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Geometrijsko-morfometrijska analiza materijala ............................................. 27 3.3 Istraţivani lokaliteti.................................................................................................. 30 3.4 Zoogeografska analiza ............................................................................................. 37 3.5 Sličnost faune istraţivanih područja ........................................................................ 38 3.6 Indeks diverziteta ..................................................................................................... 38 4 REZULTATI ................................................................................................................ 40 4.1 Ključ za odreĎivanje rodova podfamilije Syrphinae po Van Veen-u (2004) sa modifikacijama .................................................................................................................. 40 4.2 Ključ za odreĎivanje larvenih oblika rodova i vrsta podfamilije Syrphinae po Rotheray i Gilbert (1989) .................................................................................................. 42 4.3 Pregled faune podfamilije Syrphinae Srbije ............................................................ 45 4.4 Vrste koje se isključuju iz faune Srbije (sinonimija i pogrešna determinacija) ..... 166 4.4.1 Pogrešna determinacija ................................................................................... 166 4.4.2 Spisak sinonima .............................................................................................. 166 4.5 Taksonomska analiza vrsta (tamnog i svetlog fenotipa) Chrysotoxum festivum kompleksa ........................................................................................................................ 169 4.5.1 Fenotipske varijacije veličine krila “tamnog” i “svetlog” fenotipa (vrsta) Chrysotoxum festivum kompleksa ................................................................................... 173 4.5.2 Fenotipske varijacije oblika krila „svetlog“ i „tamnog“ fenotipa (vrsta) Chrysotoxum festivum kompleksa ................................................................................... 175 4.5.3 CVA analiza „tamnog“ i „svetlog“ fenotipa (vrsta) Chrysotoxum festivum kompleksa ........................................................................................................................ 176 4.5.4 Fenotipske varijacije širine oznaka na T2 i T3 „tamnog“ i „svetlog“ fenotipa Chrysotoxum festivum kompleksa ................................................................................... 178 4.6 Taksonomska analiza vrsta Chrysotoxum vernale grupe ....................................... 180 4.6.1 Fenotipske varijacije oblika krila vrsta Chrysotoxum vernale grupe ................ 180 4.6.2 CVA analiza vrsta Chrysotoxum vernale grupe ................................................. 181 4.6.3 Evolucioni odnosi vrsta Chrysotoxum vernale grupe ........................................ 182 4.7 Taksonomska analiza vrsta („svetlog“ i „tamnog“ fenotipa) Chrysotoxum vernale kompleksa ........................................................................................................................ 183 IV 4.7.1 Fenotipske varijacije veličine krila “crnog” i “ţutog” fenotipa (vrsta) Chrysotoxum vernale kompleksa .................................................................................... 183 4.7.2 Fenotipske varijacije oblika krila “tamnog” i “svetlog” fenotipa (vrsta) Chrysotoxum vernale kompleksa .................................................................................... 184 4.7.3 CVA analiza “tamnog” i “svetlog” fenotipa (vrsta) Chrysotoxum vernale kompleksa .......................................................................................................................
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