Studies on White-Spored Agarics
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Karstenia 25: 41-46. 1985 Studies on white-spored agarics HARRI HARMAJA HARMAJA, H. 1985: Studies on white-spored agarics.- Karstenia 25: 41-46. The following new species are described (all the types are from Finland): Cystoderma saarenoksae Harmaja, Cystoderma niveum HarmaJa, Hygrophorus korhonenii Harmaja, Mycena lammiensis Harmaja, and Mycena occulta HarmaJa. Melanoleuca brachyspora Harmaja (nomen novum) must replace M. brevispora Harmaja (non Singer). The following new combination is made: Hygrophorus subviscifer (Karst.) Harmaja. Hygrophorus albidus Karst. (lectotype selected here) and H. spodoleucus Moser are reduced to synonymy with H. subviscifer. Mycena pelianthina (Fr. ) Que!. is reported as new to Finland. Harri Harmaja, Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 44, SF-00170 Helsinki, Finland Cystoderma saarenoksae Harmaja n.sp. -Fig. 1 predominantly subfusiform shape of the spores, the A Cystodermate lilacipedi praecipue differt coloribus lack of thick-walled cyanophilic and somewhat luteofulvis pilei stipitisque, forma sporarum leniter dextrinoid sclerospores and sclerobasidia, and the dissimili, et crassitudine sporarum minore (sporae 5.5- more coarsely encrusted walls of the sphaerocysts. 7.5 X 2. 7- 4.0 !J.m) . - Typus: Finland, Uusimaa: C. saarenoksae shares the interesting ecological Helsinki, Vanhakaupunki, Annala, siliceous rock features of C. lilacipes ( cf. Harmaja 1979). Both outcrops, on or among the mosses Polytrichum species fruit in South Finland from late September to juniperinum, P. piliferum, Dicranum scoparium, etc. , early December, growing on ± acid rock outcrops, associated with e.g. Betula sp ., Pinus sylvestris, even rocks distinctly influenced by man, and also in Quercus robur, Sorbus aucuparia, Calluna vulgaris, fens and bogs. The fruit bodies are usually attached to and Cystoderma lilacipes, Grid 27°E: 6679:387, the stems of the moss Polytrichum juniperinum, and 13 .X.l980 Reima Saarenoksa 72380 (H, holotype; L, also to those of P. piliferum, Dicranum scoparium, and isotype). Racomitrium lanuginosum (infrequently a few other In the late 1970's Mr. Reima Saarenoksa moss species). Consequently, C. saarenoksae and C. (Department of Botany, University of Helsinki) and I lilacipes very commonly grow together in the same gradually realized that this taxon existed in South habitats. C. amianthinum and C. jasonis can also be Finland. In the course of time it became clear that it found in such habitats late in the autumn, but they was an undescribed species, closely related to begin to fruit earlier and also occur in forest; Cystoderma jasonis (Cooke & Massee) Harmaja and moreover, they are very frequently attached to especially to C. lilacipes Harmaja. Mr. Saarenoksa Dicranum polysetum ( cf. Harmaja 1979). The collected a large amount of very well-preserved and apparently fairly common occurrence of C. annotated specimens of this new species, and it is may saarenoksae and C. lilacipes on Polytrichum pleasure to name it in his honour. hummocks on peatland was observed only recently, C. saarenoksae is separated from C. lilacipes (see and is here reported for the first time. Harmaja 1979) by the yellow-brown or fulvous C. saarenoksae (like C. lilacipes) has proved to be colours of the pileus and the stipe, the more yellow common at least in southern Finland, and several tinged lamellae, and the slightly narrower and dozens of specimens have been collected from the somewhat differently shaped spores (mostly biological provinces Varsinais-Suomi, Uusimaa, subfusiform, some fusiform and some ellipsoid). The Etela-Karjala, and Etela-Hame. new species differs from C. jasonis (see Harmaja 1979) A more thorough paper on this and the following in the often smaller fruit bodies, the smaller granules species is under preparation. on the surfaces of the pileus and the stipe (those of pileus surface hardly visible to the naked eye), the very pale brown cap context, the slightly smaller spores, and the absence of arthrospores from the cap Cystoderma niveum Harmaja n. sp. context. C. saarenoksae differs from C. amianthinum A Cystodermate jasonis plurimum differt statura (Scop.) Konr. & Maubl. (see Harmaja 1979) in the minore, pi/eo stipiteque hyalineo ad niveo, superficie often smaller basidiocarps, the usually smaller pilei laevi (sed sub lente ruguloso), lame/lis pallide granules of the pileus surface, the yellow or yellowish roseis (raro albis), carne albo, tunica sphaerocystium buff lamellae, the slightly tinged cap context, the sine incrustatione, et hyphis pilei non conidiiferis. - 42 H. Harmaja Fig. I. Cystoderma saarenoksae fresh in situ, X 1.5 (Finland, Uusimaa, Espoo, Espoonkartano, Grid 27°E: 6679:367, 20.X.l979 Korhonen 3059; H). - Photo: Mauri Korhonen. Typus: Finland, Uusimaa: Espoo, Tapiola, of Cystoderma, and it does not seem to be an albino Suvikumpu, alt. 20 m, acid, siliceous, ± distinctly itself. Its closest congeneric relative appears to be C. man-influenced rock outcrops, on or among mosses saarenoksae Harmaja (see above). such as Dicranum scoparium and Polytrichum juniperinum, associated with e.g. Betula sp., Pinus Specimens examined sylvestris, Cantharellula umbonata, Cystoderma Finland. Uusimaa: Espoo, Tapiola, 14.XI.l981 Harmaja jasonis, C. lilacipes, C. saarenoksae, Laccaria cf. (type; H); the same place, with e.g. C. amianthinum, proxima, Grid 27°E: 6677:377, 14.XI.l981 Harri 17.X.l982 H . & T. Harmaja (H). Helsinki, Viikki, Hakala, Harmaja (H). rock outcrops among especially Dicranum scoparium, Polytrichum juniperinum being also present, Grid 27°E: This new species is very easily recognized, as its 6680:389, 19.X.l985 Saarenoksa 52585 (H). pileus and stipe are hyaline when wet and snow-white when only moist or dry. The surface of the pileus is smooth to the naked eye, but the stipe (except for the apex) is finely granular and usually shows an Hygrophorus korhonenii Harmaja n.sp. - Fig. 2 indistinct ring zone. The lamellae are slightly sinuate Sicut Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus sed differt statura or almost decurrent, subdistant, usually fairly saepe maiore, forma pilei typice ± campanulato, colore narrow, and usually pinkish, rarely hyaline or pilei cum tincto griseo, velo dissimili, et sporis whitish, in all conditions. Older pilei, at least when minoribus, 10.0-14.0 X 5.2-7.5 ~tm . - Typus: Finland, they are dry, may turn grey or yellowish at the disc Koillismaa: Kuusamo, Liikasenvaara, Sirkkapuro, and may have reddish or even bright red spots in fairly rich spruce forest near Siikauopaja, Grid 27°E: places (apparently due to injury or decay), and older 7362:612, 29.VIII.1977 Mauri Korhonen 1950 & stipes become ivory towards their bases, at least when Tauno Ulvinen (H, holotype; OULU, isotype). dry. The spores of C. niveum measure 5.5-8.0 X Pileus 2- 8 em in diam, grey-brown with a black 3.0-4.5 ~-tm, most of them being subfusiform, some brown centre, radiately dark-striate, conical at first ellipsoid and a few fusiform; the spore walls are then expanding to (usually) broadly campanulate amyloid. Sclerobasidia and sclerospores (see Harmaja with a prominent subacute umbo; surface viscid or 1979) are lacking, the sphaerocyst walls are not slimy; fibrils of dry inner velum hanging at the margin encrusted but hyaline, and arthrospores are absent of young pileus. Stipe ca. 7- 12 X 0.5-2.0 em, apex from the white cap context. dry, white and very delicately pubescent (without When first found, C. niveum was mistaken for a granules), the major part ± weakly viscid (at times Camarophyllus because of its colours and habit. Its even appearing dry) and of the colour of cap margin characters separate it from all the other white species or slightly paler, irregularly zonate when fresh but and the ± albinotic forms of certain coloured species mostly unicolorous when dry; white, later often Karstenia 25, 1985 43 Fig. 2. Hygrophorus korhonenii fresh in situ, X 0.8 (type).- Photo: Mauri Korhonen. brownish, fibrils of dry fibrillose inner velum and very This species is named in honour of Mr. Mauri narrow dark teeth of the broken slimy outer velum Korhonen (Botanical Museum, University of present at ring zone (the fibrils also present further Helsinki), a well-known mycologist and down where the slime has worn off), these fibrils and photographer, who also noticed the existence of the teeth wearing off in time. Lamellae, odour, taste and present taxon. context about as in H. olivaceoalbus. Spores 10.0- The heterogeneity of the current concept of 14.0 X 5.2-7.5 fLm, most fairly narrowly ellipsoid Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. has been and oblong, the remainder (rarely the majority) noted by several Finnish mycologists (e .g. obovoid, sometimes also a few lacrymoid spores Tuomikoski 1976). My studies on mainly Finnish present; wall hyaline, smooth, inamyloid. Basidia up material revealed that a species aggregate is indeed to ca. 65 X 10 Mm, 4-spored. Cystidia none. Cortex of concerned. The delimitation and nomenclature of the pileus an ixocutis, fairly gradually delimited from the segregates are still partly incomplete, but the present context, hyphae ca. 2.5- 7.0 Mm in diam, subparallel species is well defined and was found to require a to somewhat interwoven, only vacuolar pigment name. H. 'olivaceoalbus var. olivaceoalbus' in Hesler & present, appearing as medium brown to dark brown Smith (1963) fits the diagnostic characters of H. granules; extracellular granules absent. Pubescence at korhonenii. Arnolds (1979) correctly remarked that stipe apex composed of hyphae in loose bundles, 5- the taxon of the North American authors is not the 10(-14) Mm in diam, equal or very slightly narrowed true H. olivaceoalbus; he determined it as or enlarged toward their apices. Clamps common in 'Hygrophorus sp.'. context and cutis. Ecology. Usually in mesotrophic H. korhonenii differs from H. olivaceoalbus s. str. and meso-eutrophic woods, including paludified mainly in the following respects: the fruit bodies are ones, at times on oligotrophic ground, always often somewhat larger, the pileus is usually broadly associated with spruce (Picea abies in Fennoscandia); campanulate, the umbo of the pileus is more from the middle of August to late October.