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Antiviral Bioactive Compounds of Mushrooms and Their Antiviral Mechanisms: a Review
viruses Review Antiviral Bioactive Compounds of Mushrooms and Their Antiviral Mechanisms: A Review Dong Joo Seo 1 and Changsun Choi 2,* 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health and Welfare and Education, Gwangju University 277 Hyodeok-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju 61743, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodongdaero, Daeduck-myun, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-31-670-4589; Fax: +82-31-676-8741 Abstract: Mushrooms are used in their natural form as a food supplement and food additive. In addition, several bioactive compounds beneficial for human health have been derived from mushrooms. Among them, polysaccharides, carbohydrate-binding protein, peptides, proteins, enzymes, polyphenols, triterpenes, triterpenoids, and several other compounds exert antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses. Their antiviral targets were mostly virus entry, viral genome replication, viral proteins, and cellular proteins and influenced immune modulation, which was evaluated through pre-, simultaneous-, co-, and post-treatment in vitro and in vivo studies. In particular, they treated and relieved the viral diseases caused by herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Some mushroom compounds that act against HIV, influenza A virus, and hepatitis C virus showed antiviral effects comparable to those of antiviral drugs. Therefore, bioactive compounds from mushrooms could be candidates for treating viral infections. Citation: Seo, D.J.; Choi, C. Antiviral Bioactive Compounds of Mushrooms Keywords: mushroom; bioactive compound; virus; infection; antiviral mechanism and Their Antiviral Mechanisms: A Review. -
Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions
United States Department of Field Guide to Agriculture Common Macrofungi Forest Service in Eastern Forests Northern Research Station and Their Ecosystem General Technical Report NRS-79 Functions Michael E. Ostry Neil A. Anderson Joseph G. O’Brien Cover Photos Front: Morel, Morchella esculenta. Photo by Neil A. Anderson, University of Minnesota. Back: Bear’s Head Tooth, Hericium coralloides. Photo by Michael E. Ostry, U.S. Forest Service. The Authors MICHAEL E. OSTRY, research plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN NEIL A. ANDERSON, professor emeritus, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN JOSEPH G. O’BRIEN, plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, St. Paul, MN Manuscript received for publication 23 April 2010 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. FOREST SERVICE U.S. Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 April 2011 Fax: (740)368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ CONTENTS Introduction: About this Guide 1 Mushroom Basics 2 Aspen-Birch Ecosystem Mycorrhizal On the ground associated with tree roots Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria 8 Destroying Angel Amanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera 9 The Omnipresent Laccaria Laccaria bicolor 10 Aspen Bolete Leccinum aurantiacum, L. insigne 11 Birch Bolete Leccinum scabrum 12 Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay On wood Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus populinus (P. ostreatus) 13 Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum -
Elias Fries – En Produktiv Vetenskapsman Redan Som Tonåring Började Fries Att Skriva Uppsatser Om Naturen
Elias Fries – en produktiv vetenskapsman Redan som tonåring började Fries att skriva uppsatser om naturen. År 1811, då han fyllt 17 år, fick han sina första alster publi- cerade. Samma år påbörjade han universitetsstudier i Lund och tre år senare var han klar med sin magisterexamen. Därefter Elias Fries – ein produktiver Wissenschaftler följde inte mindre än 64 aktiva år som mykolog, botanist, filosof, lärare, riksdagsman och akademiledamot. Han var oerhört produktiv och författade inte bara stora och betydande böcker i mykologi och botanik utan också hundratals mindre artiklar och uppsatser. Dessutom ledde han ett omfattande arbete med att avbilda svampar. Dessa målningar utgavs som planscher och Bereits als Teenager begann Fries Aufsätze dem schrieb er Tagebücher und die „Tidningar i Na- Die Zeit in Uppsala – weitere 40 Jahre im das führte zu sehr erfolgreichen Ausgaben seiner und schrieb: „In Gleichheit mit allem dem das sich aus Auch der Sohn Elias Petrus, geboren im Jahre 1834, und Seth Lundell (Sammlungen in Uppsala), Fredrik über die Natur zu schreiben. Im Jahre 1811, turalhistorien“ (Neuigkeiten in der Naturalgeschich- Dienste der Mykologie Werke. Das erste, „Sveriges ätliga och giftiga svam- edlen Naturtrieben entwickelt, erfordert das Entstehen war ein begeisterter Botaniker und Mykologe. Leider Hård av Segerstad (publizierte 1924 eine Überarbei- te) mit Artikeln über beispielsweise seltene Pilze, Auch nach seinem Umzug nach Uppsala im Jahre par“ (Schwedens essbare und giftige Pilze), war ein dieser Liebe zur Natur ernste Bemühungen, aber es verstarb er schon in jungen Jahren. Ein dritter Sohn, tung von Fries’ Aufzeichnungen), Meinhard Moser bidrog till att kunskap om svamp spreds. Efter honom har givetvis det vetenskapliga arbetet utvecklats vidare men än idag an- in seinem 18. -
An Antiproliferative Ribonuclease from Fruiting Bodies of the Wild Mushroom Russula Delica
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2010), 20(4), 693–699 doi: 10.4014/jmb.0911.11022 First published online 30 January 2010 An Antiproliferative Ribonuclease from Fruiting Bodies of the Wild Mushroom Russula delica Zhao, Shuang1,2, Yong Chang Zhao3, Shu Hong Li3, Guo Qing Zhang1, He Xiang Wang1*, and Tzi Bun Ng4* 1State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 2Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China 3Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resource, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650223, China 4School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China Received: November 20, 2009 / Revised: December 21, 2009 / Accepted: December 25, 2009 An antiproliferative ribonuclease with a new N-terminal The mushroom family Russulaceae is composed of two sequence was purified from fruiting bodies of the edible genera, Russula and Lactarius, the former being the wild mushroom Russula delica in this study. This novel majority. To date, only a ribonuclease [34] and a protein ribonuclease was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose, but with anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity [38] have absorbed on SP-Sepharose and Q-Sepharose. It had a been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Russula. Only molecular mass of 14 kDa, as judged by fast protein liquid four reports on Lactarius lectin [6, 10, 24, 26] and one chromatography on Superdex 75 and SDS-polyacrylamide report on a Lactarius enzyme [17] are available. Russula gel electrophoresis. Its optimal pH and optimal temperature delica is a wild mushroom on which few literatures have were pH 5 and 60oC, respectively. -
Pt Reyes Species As of 12-1-2017 Abortiporus Biennis Agaricus
Pt Reyes Species as of 12-1-2017 Abortiporus biennis Agaricus augustus Agaricus bernardii Agaricus californicus Agaricus campestris Agaricus cupreobrunneus Agaricus diminutivus Agaricus hondensis Agaricus lilaceps Agaricus praeclaresquamosus Agaricus rutilescens Agaricus silvicola Agaricus subrutilescens Agaricus xanthodermus Agrocybe pediades Agrocybe praecox Alboleptonia sericella Aleuria aurantia Alnicola sp. Amanita aprica Amanita augusta Amanita breckonii Amanita calyptratoides Amanita constricta Amanita gemmata Amanita gemmata var. exannulata Amanita calyptraderma Amanita calyptraderma (white form) Amanita magniverrucata Amanita muscaria Amanita novinupta Amanita ocreata Amanita pachycolea Amanita pantherina Amanita phalloides Amanita porphyria Amanita protecta Amanita velosa Amanita smithiana Amaurodon sp. nova Amphinema byssoides gr. Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum Anthrocobia melaloma Antrodia heteromorpha Aphanobasidium pseudotsugae Armillaria gallica Armillaria mellea Armillaria nabsnona Arrhenia epichysium Pt Reyes Species as of 12-1-2017 Arrhenia retiruga Ascobolus sp. Ascocoryne sarcoides Astraeus hygrometricus Auricularia auricula Auriscalpium vulgare Baeospora myosura Balsamia cf. magnata Bisporella citrina Bjerkandera adusta Boidinia propinqua Bolbitius vitellinus Suillellus (Boletus) amygdalinus Rubroboleus (Boletus) eastwoodiae Boletus edulis Boletus fibrillosus Botryobasidium longisporum Botryobasidium sp. Botryobasidium vagum Bovista dermoxantha Bovista pila Bovista plumbea Bulgaria inquinans Byssocorticium californicum -
Species of Hygrocybe Subgenus Cuphophyllus Hygrophorus Flavipes
PERS OONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden 43-46 Volume 14, Part 1, pp. (1989) Notes on Hygrophoraceae — XI. Observations on some species of Hygrocybe subgenus Cuphophyllus Eef Arnolds Biological Station, Wijster (Drente), Netherlands* The nomenclature of the violaceous of grey species Hygrocybe subgenus Cuphophyllus and the taxonomic position of H. subradiata are discussed. One new species is described and onenew combination is made, viz. Hygrocybe radiata and H. flavipes. In Europe usually two species with a grey violaceous to lilac pileus are distinguished within Hygrocybe subgenus Cuphophyllus Donk (= Camarophyllus sensu auct.), named H. subvio- lacea (Peck) Orton & Watl. and H. lacmus (Schum.) Orton & Watl. The former species is characterized by an entirely white stipe and aromatic smell, whereas the latter species has a yellow base of stipe and no characteristic smell. Recently, Raid& Boertmann (1988) demonstrated that the name Agaricus lacmus Schum. has been since Schumacher did mention (1803: 333) currently misinterpreted not a yellow base of stipe in the original description and an unpublished, authentic plate by that author shows white lacmus Schum. is an entirely stipe. Consequently, Agaricus an earlier synonym ofHygrophorus subviolaceus Peck (1900: 82) and H. lacmus sensu auct. (with a yellow stipe base) should have a new name. According to Raid & Boertmann (1988) the oldest available name is Hygrophorus flavipes Britz. This epithet was not yet combinedin Hygrocybe and thereforethe following combina- tion is proposed: Hygrocybe flavipes (Britz.) Arnolds, comb. nov. — Basionym: Hygrophorus flavipes Britz., Hymenomyc. Stidbayern 8: 10, fig. 69. 1891. Some authors (Clemengon, 1982; Bon, 1984) distinguished two species with a yellow base of stipe, differing in spore size only: Camarophyllus lacmus sensu C16mengon with ellip- soid to lacrimiform of 6.5-8 x 4.5-6 and C. -
A MYCOLEGIUM of LITERATURE the New North America Mushroom Species of 2015 Else C
Cortinarius vanduzerensis, from the type locality in Oregon, unmistakable with its and the species, growing with slimy dark brown cap, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga and Abies in and slimy lilac-purple Oregon, Washington, and British stem, right? Alas, it is Columbia has been described now postulated that this as Cortinarius seidliae. Images species is only known courtesy of M. G. Wood and N. Siegel. A MYCOLEGIUM OF LITERATURE The new North America mushroom species of 2015 Else C. Vellinga round 30 new North American species of macrofungi they are in general very difficult to recognize anyway; without saw the light in 2015 – leaving 2014 as the top year pictures for comparison it is just impossible. with 58 species. In 2015, 14 new Cortinarius species, To speed up the description of new species, several Aan Entoloma, one wax cap, two Russulas, one bolete, several journals now offer the opportunity to publish single species polypores, two Craterellus species, one Geastrum, an descriptions as part of a much bigger article in which many Auricularia, and a number of Tremella species were presented different authors each describe only one or a few new species. as new, plus two Otidea species representing the Ascomycota. Several of the new Cortinarius and Russula species were As in 2014, many of the new taxa were published in Index published as part of these big community efforts. For the Fungorum, without any supporting illustrations and without individual author this is advantageous, as there will be more phylogenetic trees showing the placement of the new species. citations of the whole article than for a single species article. -
One Step Closer to Unravelling the Origin of Russula: Subgenus Glutinosae Subg
Mycosphere 11(1): 285–304 (2020) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/6 One step closer to unravelling the origin of Russula: subgenus Glutinosae subg. nov. Buyck B1*, Wang X-H2, Adamčíková K3, Caboň M4, Jančovičová S5, 6 4 Hofstetter V and Adamčík S 1Institut pour la Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, Case Postale 39 Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France 2CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China 3Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen, Akademická 2, SK-949 01 Nitra, Slovakia 4Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia 5Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Révová 39, SK-811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia 6Agroscope Research Station, Department of plant protection, Rte de Duiller 60, 1260 Nyon 1, Switzerland Buyck B, Wang X-H, Adamčíková K, Caboň M, Jančovičová S, Hofstetter V, Adamčík S 2020 – One step closer to unravelling the origin of Russula: subgenus Glutinosae subg. nov. Mycosphere 11(1), 285–304, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/6 Abstract This study reports on the discovery of a new subgenus, Russula subg. Glutinosae, having an Eastern North American – East Asian distribution. A multigene phylogeny places this new subgenus sister with strong support to a well-supported clade composed of subgenera Compactae and Archaeae. -
Taxonomic Utility of Old Names in Current Fungal Classification and Nomenclature: Conflicts, Confusion & Clarifications
Mycosphere 7 (11): 1622–1648 (2016) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article – special issue Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/7/11/2 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Taxonomic utility of old names in current fungal classification and nomenclature: Conflicts, confusion & clarifications Dayarathne MC1,2, Boonmee S1,2, Braun U7, Crous PW8, Daranagama DA1, Dissanayake AJ1,6, Ekanayaka H1,2, Jayawardena R1,6, Jones EBG10, Maharachchikumbura SSN5, Perera RH1, Phillips AJL9, Stadler M11, Thambugala KM1,3, Wanasinghe DN1,2, Zhao Q1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Jeewon R12* 1Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 2Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan China3Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, China 4Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China5Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod 123,Oman 6Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No 9 of ShuGuangHuaYuanZhangLu, Haidian District Beijing 100097, China 7Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle, Germany 8Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands. 9University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal. 10Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand 11Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Dept. -
Mycelial Cultivation of 4 Edible Mushrooms from Khao Kra-Dong Volcano Forest Park, Thailand Tepupsorn Saensuk1* and Suteera Suntararak2
Naresuan University Journal: Science and Technology 2018; (26)2 Mycelial Cultivation of 4 Edible Mushrooms from Khao Kra-Dong Volcano Forest Park, Thailand Tepupsorn Saensuk1* and Suteera Suntararak2 1Lecturer, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, 31000 Thailand 2Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, 31000 Thailand * Corresponding Author, E-mail address: [email protected] Received: 4 May 2017; Accepted: 10 August 2017 Abstract The edible mushrooms become one of the world’s most expensive foods and have a global market measured in Thailand. In Thailand, the fruiting body of all occurs once a year during rainy season in June – August. So, the objective of this research was to study the optimal mycelial conditions of 4 edible mushrooms collected from Khao Kra-Dong Volcano Forest Park in Thailand: Russula cyanoxantha, Heimiell retispora, Russula virescens and Boletus colossus. The highest mycelial growth of R. virescens and B. colossus were with potato dextrose agar (PDA), followed by potato dextrose agar with 2% volcanic soil (PDA+2% S). The best structures of R. cyanoxantha and H. retispora used for culturing on medium were cap, stalk and spore, respectively. For R. Virescens and B. colossus, the best structures used for culturing on medium were stalk, cap and spore, respectively. The highest colony diameter of R. Cyanoxantha on PDA+2% S with cap was 68.00+1.00 mm. For H. retispora, the highest colony diameters on PDA+2%S with cap and PDA with stalk were 87.00+1.00 mm. and 67.33+1.53 mm., respectively. -
Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology of Russula and Lactarius in Alaska Based on Soil and Sporocarp DNA Sequences
Russulales-2010 Scripta Botanica Belgica 51: 132-145 (2013) Biodiversity and molecular ecology of Russula and Lactarius in Alaska based on soil and sporocarp DNA sequences József GEML1,2 & D. Lee TAYLOR1 1 Institute of Arctic Biology, 311 Irving I Building, 902 N. Koyukuk Drive, P.O. Box 757000, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, U.S.A. 2 (corresponding author address) National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract. – Although critical for the functioning of ecosystems, fungi are poorly known in high- latitude regions. This paper summarizes the results of the first genetic diversity assessments of Russula and Lactarius, two of the most diverse and abundant fungal genera in Alaska. LSU rDNA sequences from both curated sporocarp collections and soil PCR clone libraries sampled in various types of boreal forests of Alaska were subjected to phylogenetic and statistical ecological analyses. Our diversity assessments suggest that the genus Russula and Lactarius are highly diverse in Alaska. Some of these taxa were identified to known species, while others either matched unidentified sequences in reference databases or belonged to novel, previously unsequenced groups. Taxa in both genera showed strong habitat preference to one of the two major forest types in the sampled regions (black spruce forests and birch-aspen-white spruce forests), as supported by statistical tests. Our results demonstrate high diversity and strong ecological partitioning in two important ectomycorrhizal genera within a relatively small geographic region, but with implications to the expansive boreal forests. -
Family Latin Name Notes Agaricaceae Agaricus Californicus Possible; No
This Provisional List of Terrestrial Fungi of Big Creek Reserve is taken is taken from : (GH) Hoffman, Gretchen 1983 "A Preliminary Survey of the Species of Fungi of the Landels-Hill Big Creek Reserve", unpublished manuscript Environmental Field Program, University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz note that this preliminary list is incomplete, nomenclature has not been checked or updated, and there may have been errors in identification. Many species' identifications are based on one specimen only, and should be considered provisional and subject to further verification. family latin name notes Agaricaceae Agaricus californicus possible; no specimens collected Agaricaceae Agaricus campestris a specimen in grassland soils Agaricaceae Agaricus hondensis possible; no spcimens collected Agaricaceae Agaricus silvicola group several in disturbed grassland soils Agaricaceae Agaricus subrufescens one specimen in oak woodland roadcut soil Agaricaceae Agaricus subrutilescens Two specimenns in pine-manzanita woodland Agaricaceae Agaricus arvensis or crocodillinus One specimen in grassland soil Agaricaceae Agaricus sp. (cupreobrunues?) One specimen in grassland soil Agaricaceae Agaricus sp. (meleagris?) Three specimens in tanoak duff of pine-manzanita woodland Agaricaceae Agaricus spp. Other species in soiils of woodland and grassland Amanitaceae Amanita calyptrata calyptroderma One specimen in mycorrhizal association with live oak in live oak woodland Amanitaceae Amanita chlorinosa Two specimens in mixed hardwood forest soils Amanitaceae Amanita fulva One specimen in soil of pine-manzanita woodland Amanitaceae Amanita gemmata One specimen in soil of mixed hardwood forest Amanitaceae Amanita pantherina One specimen in humus under Monterey Pine Amanitaceae Amanita vaginata One specimen in humus of mixed hardwood forest Amanitaceae Amanita velosa Two specimens in mycorrhizal association with live oak in oak woodland area Bolbitiaceae Agrocybe sp.