African Journal of Agricultural Research Volume 11 Number 8 25 February 2016 ISSN 1991-637X
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African Journal of Agricultural Research Volume 11 Number 8 25 February 2016 ISSN 1991-637X ABOUT AJAR The African Journal of Agricultural Research (AJAR) is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Agricultural Research (AJAR) is an open access journal that publishes high-quality solicited and unsolicited articles, in English, in all areas of agriculture including arid soil research and rehabilitation, agricultural genomics, stored products research, tree fruit production, pesticide science, postharvest biology and technology, seed science research, irrigation, agricultural engineering, water resources management, marine sciences, agronomy, animal science, physiology and morphology, aquaculture, crop science, dairy science, entomology, fish and fisheries, forestry, freshwater science, horticulture, poultry science, soil science, systematic biology, veterinary, virology, viticulture, weed biology, agricultural economics and agribusiness. All articles published in AJAR are peer- reviewed. Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Editors Prof. N.A. Amusa Dr. Bampidis Vasileios Editor, African Journal of Agricultural Research National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF), Academic Journals. Animal Research Institute 58100 Giannitsa, Greece. Dr. Panagiota Florou-Paneri Laboratory of Nutrition, Dr. Zhang Yuanzhi Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Space Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Technology (HUT) Kilonkallio Espoo, Greece. Finland. Prof. Dr. Abdul Majeed Dr. Mboya E. Burudi Department of Botany, University of Gujrat,India, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Director Horticulture, P.O. Box 30709 Nairobi 00100, and landscaping. Kenya. India. Dr. Andres Cibils Prof. Suleyman TABAN Assistant Professor of Rangeland Science Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Dept. of Animal and Range Sciences Faculty of Agriculture, Box 30003, MSC 3-I New Mexico State University Las Ankara University, Cruces, 06100 Ankara-TURKEY. NM 88003 (USA). Prof.Hyo Choi Dr. MAJID Sattari Graduate School Rice Research Institute of Iran, Gangneung-Wonju National University Amol-Iran. Gangneung, Gangwondo 210-702, Dr. Agricola Odoi Korea. University of Tennessee, TN., USA. Dr. MATIYAR RAHAMAN KHAN AICRP (Nematode), Directorate of Research, Prof. Horst Kaiser Bidhan Chandra Krishi Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science Viswavidyalaya, P.O. Kalyani, Nadia, PIN-741235, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, West Bengal. South Africa. India. Prof. Xingkai Xu Prof. Hamid AIT-AMAR Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Houari Bouemdiene, B.P. 32, 16111 EL-Alia, Algiers, Beijing 100029, Algeria. China. Prof. Sheikh Raisuddin Dr. Agele, Samuel Ohikhena Department of Medical Elementology and Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Toxicology,Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) Federal University of Technology New Delhi, PMB 704, Akure, India. Nigeria. Prof. Ahmad Arzani Dr. E.M. Aregheore Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding The University of the South Pacific, College of Agriculture School of Agriculture and Food Technology Isfahan University of Technology Alafua Campus, Isfahan-84156, Apia, Iran. SAMOA. Editorial Board Dr. Mohamed A. Dawoud Dr. Bradley G Fritz Water Resources Department, Research Scientist, Terrestrial Environment Research Centre, Environmental Technology Division, Environmental Research and Wildlife Development Agency Battelle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, (ERWDA), 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, P. O. Box 45553, Washington, Abu Dhabi, USA. United Arab Emirates. Dr. Almut Gerhardt LimCo International, Dr. Phillip Retief Celliers University of Tuebingen, Dept. Agriculture and Game Management, Germany. PO BOX 77000, NMMU, PE, 6031, Dr. Celin Acharya South Africa. Dr. K.S.Krishnan Research Associate (KSKRA), Molecular Biology Division, Dr. Rodolfo Ungerfeld Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Departamento de Fisiología, Trombay, Mumbai-85, Facultad de Veterinaria, India. Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. Dr. Daizy R. Batish Department of Botany, Dr. Timothy Smith Panjab University, Stable Cottage, Cuttle Lane, Chandigarh, Biddestone, Chippenham, India. Wiltshire, SN14 7DF. UK. Dr. Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi University of Ferdowsi, Dr. E. Nicholas Odongo, Department of Food Science and Technology, 27 Cole Road, Guelph, Mashhad, Ontario. N1G 4S3 Iran. Canada. Dr. Yasemin Kavdir Dr. D. K. Singh Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Scientist Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Division, Department of Soil Sciences, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineeinrg Terzioglu Campus 17100 Bhopal- 462038, M.P. Canakkale India. Turkey. Prof. Hezhong Dong Prof. Giovanni Dinelli Professor of Agronomy, Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Cotton Research Center, Technology Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Viale Fanin 44 40100, Jinan 250100 Bologna China. Italy. Dr. Ousmane Youm Prof. Huanmin Zhou Assistant Director of Research & Leader, College of Biotechnology at Inner Mongolia Integrated Rice Productions Systems Program Agricultural University, Africa Rice Center (WARDA) 01BP 2031, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Cotonou, No. 306# Zhao Wu Da Street, Benin. Hohhot 010018, P. R. China, China. African Journal of Agricultural Research Table of Contents: Volume 11 Number 8, 25 February, 2016 ARTICLES Plant protection: Paramount to food security in India 595 Sanjeev Kumar, Shivnath Das, Rakesh Deo Ranjan and Archana Rani Variation in nectar volume and sugar content in male flowers of Musa cultivars grown in Rwanda and their non-effect on the numbers of visiting key diurnal insect vectors of banana Xanthomonas wilt 607 Alexandre Rutikanga, Geofrey Tusiime, Getrude Night, Walter Ocimati and Guy Blomme Salinization and pollution of water table with wastewater and its impact on oasis crops 624 Benguergoura Laradj Samia and Remini Boualem Effect of water replacement and nitrogen fertilization on productivity variables of sugar cane 633 Renato Campos de Oliveira, Nelmício Furtado da Silva, Fernando Nobre Cunha, Marconi Batista Teixeira, Frederico Antonio Loureiro Soares and Melissa Selaysim Di Campos Macronutrients requirement of a snap bean genotype with determinate growth habit in Brazil 644 Renan Ribeiro Barzan, William Gomes Montanucci, Gustavo Adolfo de Freitas Fregonezi, Felipe Favoretto Furlan, Luiz Henrique Campos de Almeida, Gabriela Fernanda Araújo Martini, Lúcia Sadayo Assari Takahashi5 and Hideaki Wilson Takahashi Status of maize lethal necrosis in eastern Uganda 652 Frank Kagoda, Robert Gidoi and Brian E. Isabirye Agro - physiologic effects of compost and biochar produced at different temperatures on growth, photosynthetic pigment and micronutrients uptake of maize crop 661 Adejumo, S. A., Owolabi, M. O. and Odesola, I. F. Risk factors associated with the post-harvest loss of milk along camel milk value chain in Isiolo County, Kenya 674 Odongo, N. O., Lamuka, P. O., Matofari, J. W. and Abong, G. O. African Journal of Agricultural Research Table of Contents: Volume 11 Number 8, 25 February, 2016 ARTICLES A mathematical model for the selection of an economical pipe size in pressurized irrigation systems 683 Arunjyoti Sonowal, S. C. Senapati and Sirisha Adamala Evaluating the logistics performance of Brazil’s corn exports: A proposal of indicators 693 Andréa Leda Ramos de Oliveira and Lucas de Oliveira Melo Cicolin Soil moisture and water use efficiency in cotton plants grown in different spacings in the Brazilian Cerrado Region 701 Tonny José Araújo da Silva, Thiago Franco Duarte, Jackelinne Valéria Rodrigues Sousa, Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva, Adriano Bicioni Pacheco and Helon Hébano Freitas de Sousa The relationship between organic acids, sucrose and the quality of specialty coffees 709 Flávio M. Borém, Luisa P. Figueiredo, Fabiana C. Ribeiro, José H. S. Taveira, Gerson S. Giomo and Terezinha J. G. Salva Financial analysis of poultry production in Kwara State, Nigeria 718 T. M. Yusuf, S. A. Tiamiyu and R. O. Aliu. Ergonomic characterization of three sugar cane harvester machinery models 724 Danilo Simões, Luis Gustavo Santin and Paulo Torres Fenner Vol. 11(8), pp. 595-606, 25 February, 2016 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2015.10083 Article Number: D56C77A57285 African Journal of Agricultural ISSN 1991-637X Copyright ©2016 Research Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR Review Plant protection: Paramount to food security in India Sanjeev Kumar1*, Shivnath Das2, Rakesh Deo Ranjan3 and Archana Rani4 1Department of Plant Pathology, Office of Dean, Faculty of Agriculture J.N. Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, MP, India- 482004, India. 2Dpartment of Agronomy, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India- 813210, India. 3Department of Plant Physiology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar India- 813210 (Bihar), India. 4Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, J. N. Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, MP, India- 482004, India. Received 29 June, 2015; Accepted 16 October, 2015 India carries the heavy burden of feeding a billion plus population. While it is a challenge in itself, the task is compounded further by limited resources and crop losses due to pest and diseases. Though beating the odds of diminishing land and