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Názory Na Rizikové Chování U Parkourové Komunity

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Názory Na Rizikové Chování U Parkourové Komunity Názory na rizikové chování u parkourové komunity Jiří Tuhovčák Bakalářská práce 2019 ABSTRAKT Bakalářská práce na téma ,,Rizikové chování u parkourové komunity“ se zaměřuje na zjiš- tění názorů na rizikové chování u parkourové komunity ze strany společnosti, ze strany samotné parkourové komunity a identifikování projevů rizikového chování u parkourové komunity. Práce je zaměřena na rizikové období adolescence v souvislosti s parkourovou komunitou. Teoretická část se zabývá parkourem, jeho historií, vývojem, subkulturami mládeže, mládeží, rizikovým chováním a jeho prevencí a stigmatizací parkourové komuni- ty. Praktická část je zaměřena na zjištění názorů rizikové chování u parkourové komunity a komunitu samotnou, důvodů stigmatizace, možností prevence rizikového a projevy riziko- vého chování u parkourové komunity. Klíčová slova: Rizikové chování, stigmatizace, mládež, subkultury, parkour, parkourová komunita, pre- vence ABSTRACT Bachelor thesis on topic „risky behavior in parkour community“ is focused on finding out society´s opinion on risky behavior in parkour community, parkour community´s opinion on risky behavior in parkour community and identification of signs of risky behavior in parkour community. Thesis is focused on risky adolescence period related with parkour community. Theoretical part is concerned about parkour, its history and evolution, youth subcultures, youth itself, risky behavior, its prevention and parkour community stigmati- zation. Practical part is concerned about finding out opinions on risky behavior in parkour community and on community itself, reasons for stigmatization, possibility of risky beha- vior prevention and signs of risky behavior in parkour community. Keywords: Risk Behavior, Stigmatization, Youth, Subculture, Parkour, Parkour Community Tímto bych chtěl poděkovat paní PhDr. Heleně Skarupské PhD., za odborné rady a pomoc při vedení mé bakalářské práce. Dále Davidu Sumarovi spolu s ADD LEAD, za poskytnutí studijních materiálů o historii a vývoji parkouru. Prohlašuji, že odevzdaná verze bakalářské a verze elektronická nahraná do IS/STAG jsou totožné. Dne 23.4.2019 Jiří Tuhovčák OBSAH ÚVOD ............................................................................................................................ 11 I TEORETICKÁ ČÁST ............................................................................................... 12 1 PARKOUR ........................................................................................................... 13 1.1 CO JE TO PARKOUR? ......................................................................................... 13 1.2 HISTORIE A VÝVOJ PARKOURU .......................................................................... 14 1.2.1 Georges Hébert ......................................................................................... 14 1.2.2 Méthode Naturelle .................................................................................... 15 1.2.3 Raymond Belle ......................................................................................... 16 1.2.4 David Belle............................................................................................... 16 1.2.5 Yamakasi .................................................................................................. 16 1.2.6 Sebastian Foucan ...................................................................................... 17 1.2.7 Způsoby šíření parkouru ........................................................................... 17 1.2.8 Aktéři šíření parkouru ............................................................................... 18 1.2.9 Konflikt o FIG .......................................................................................... 18 1.3 VÝVOJ PARKOURU V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE ............................................................ 18 1.4 PARKOUROVÁ TERMINOLOGIE .......................................................................... 20 1.4.1 Parkour ..................................................................................................... 20 1.4.2 Freerun ..................................................................................................... 20 1.4.3 ADD ......................................................................................................... 20 1.4.4 Pojem Traceur, Tracer a Parkourista ......................................................... 21 1.5 FILOZOFIE ........................................................................................................ 22 1.5.1 Zásady ...................................................................................................... 23 2 PARKOUROVÁ KOMUNITA JAKO SUBKULTURA .................................... 25 2.1 KULTURA ......................................................................................................... 25 2.2 TYPOLOGIE SUBKULTUR ................................................................................... 25 2.3 SUBKULTURA MLÁDEŽE.................................................................................... 27 3 MLÁDEŽ .............................................................................................................. 28 3.1 CHARAKTERISTIKA MLÁDEŽE ........................................................................... 28 3.1.1 Vrstevnické vztahy ................................................................................... 30 4 RIZIKOVÉ CHOVÁNÍ U MLÁDEŽE ............................................................. 32 5 NÁLEPKY SPOJENÉ S PARKOUROVOU KOMUNITOU............................. 35 5.1 TEORIE LABELINGU .......................................................................................... 35 5.2 DROGOVÁ ZÁVISLOST ....................................................................................... 35 5.3 VANDALISMUS ................................................................................................. 36 5.3.1 Sprejerství ................................................................................................ 36 5.4 SEBEVRAŽEDNÉ CHOVÁNÍ ................................................................................. 37 5.4.1 Autodestruktivní chování .......................................................................... 37 5.4.2 Autoagresivní chování .............................................................................. 38 6 PREVENCE RIZIKOVÉHO CHOVÁNÍ ........................................................... 39 6.1 PREVENCE VE ŠKOLE ........................................................................................ 40 6.2 PREVENCE V RODINĚ ........................................................................................ 42 6.3 PREVENCE ÚRAZŮ ............................................................................................ 43 6.3.1 Intervence ................................................................................................. 44 6.4 PREVENCE VE VOLNÉM ČASE ............................................................................ 45 II PRAKTICKÁ ČÁST .................................................................................................. 48 7 VÝZKUMNÁ ČÁST ............................................................................................ 49 7.1 VÝZKUMNÝ PROBLÉM A CÍLE VÝZKUMU ........................................................... 49 7.2 METODA ORGANIZACE VÝZKUMU ..................................................................... 50 7.3 CHARAKTERISTIKA ZKOUMANÉHO VZORKU ....................................................... 50 8 VÝSLEDKY A INTERPRETACE DAT ............................................................. 51 8.1 DOTAZNÍKOVÉ ŠETŘENÍ VEŘEJNOST .................................................................. 51 8.2 DOTAZNÍKOVÉ ŠETŘENÍ PARKOUROVÁ KOMUNITA ............................................. 60 9 DOPORUČENÍ PRO PRAXI .............................................................................. 79 ZÁVĚR .......................................................................................................................... 81 SEZNAM POUŽITÉ LITERATURY .......................................................................... 83 SEZNAM GRAFŮ ......................................................................................................... 86 SEZNAM TABULEK ................................................................................................... 87 SEZNAM PŘÍLOH ....................................................................................................... 88 UTB ve Zlíně, Fakulta humanitních studií 11 ÚVOD Parkour se v dnešní době stal velkým fenoménem, který prostřednictvím platformy youtu- be a členů parkourové komunity, kteří natáčí videa, přivedl k pohybu obrovské množství dětí. Avšak je prezentován především pohyb a bohužel z důvodu větší sledovanosti často ukazují riskantní techniky, které mohou ohrožovat život, nebo také prezentují veřejně zá- měrnou provokaci Policie ČR, security složek. Tyto fakty často vedou k pokusům o napo- dobení těchto vzorů, konfliktu s policií, ničením veřejného majetku, neúctě k lidem. Také se můžeme setkat se stigmatizací parkourové komunity, která exkluduje parkouristy na okraj společnosti. Důležitou částí mé práce bude především prevence rizikového chování, kterou se spolu s definováním pojmů parkour, rizikové chování, mládež, subkultura mláde- že, teorií labelingu budu zabývat ve své teoretické části a také v části praktické se zaměřím na zjištění možností prevence z pohledu veřejnosti a parkourové komunity. Prevence
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