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FSC National Risk Assessment FSC National Risk Assessment For the Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland) DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO PROCEDURE FSC-PRO-60-002 V3-0 Version V1-0 Code FSC-NRA-SZ V1-0 National approval National decision body: FSC Africa Regional Director Date: 19 September 2018 International approval FSC International Centre: Performance and Standards Unit Date: 27 February 2019 International contact Name: Manushka Moodley Email address: [email protected] Period of validity Date of approval: 27 February 2019 Valid until: (date of approval + 5 years) Body responsible for NRA FSC Southern Africa ([email protected]) maintenance FSC-NRA-SZ V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SWAZILAND 2019 – 1 of 162 – Contents Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Eswatini ...................................................... 3 Background information .............................................................................................................. 4 List of experts involved in the risk assessment ........................................................................... 5 National Risk Assessment maintenance ..................................................................................... 6 Complaints and disputes regarding the approved National Risk Assessment ............................. 6 List of key stakeholders for consultation ..................................................................................... 7 Risk assessments ....................................................................................................................... 8 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 8 Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood .............................................................. 12 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 12 Sources of legal timber in Swaziland ................................................................................ 14 Risk assessment ............................................................................................................... 15 Control measures ............................................................................................................. 73 Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights ........ 75 Risk assessment ............................................................................................................... 75 Control measures ............................................................................................................. 75 Detailed analysis ............................................................................................................... 76 Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests in which high conservation values are threatened by management activities ..................................................................................... 122 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 122 Experts consulted ........................................................................................................... 132 Risk assessment ............................................................................................................. 133 Control measures ........................................................................................................... 149 Information sources ........................................................................................................ 149 Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use ............................................................................................................................................... 153 Overview: ........................................................................................................................ 153 Risk assessment ............................................................................................................. 154 Control measures ........................................................................................................... 157 Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted ............................................................................................................................................... 158 Risk assessment ............................................................................................................. 158 Control measures ........................................................................................................... 162 FSC-NRA-SZ V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SWAZILAND 2019 – 2 of 162 – Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Eswatini Indicator Risk designation for Plantation Forests Risk designation for Natural (including functional scale when relevant) forests (including functional scale when relevant) Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood 1.1 Low risk Specified risk (no commercial source) from Swazi Nation Land (SNL) 1.2 N/A N/A 1.3 N/A N/A 1.4 Low risk Specified risk (no commercial source) from Swazi Nation Land (SNL) 1.5 N/A N/A 1.6 Low risk Low Risk 1.7 Low risk Low Risk 1.8 Low Risk Specified Risk 1.9 Low risk Specified Risk for Swazi Nation Land (SNL) 1.10 Low risk Specified Risk for Swazi Nation Land (SNL) 1.11 Low risk Low Risk 1.12 Low risk for Swazi Nation Land (SNL), Low risk for Swazi Nation Land (SNL) Specified Risk for Crown or State Land Specified Risk for Crown or State (CL) and Title Deed Land (TDL). Land (CL) and Title Deed Land (TDL) 1.13 Low Risk Low Risk 1.14 N/A N/A 1.15 N/A N/A 1.16 N/A N/A 1.17 Low risk for Private Title Deed Land (TDL) Low Risk for Crown or State Land and Crown Land (CL) and Title Deed Land (TDL) N/A for Swazi Nation Land (SNL) N/A for Swazi Nation Land (SNL) 1.18 N/A N/A 1.19 Low risk Specified risk for Swazi Nation Land (SNL) 1.20 Low risk Low Risk 1.21 N/A N/A Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional- and human rights 2.1 Low risk Low Risk 2.2 Low Risk for Swazi Nation Land (SNL) Low Risk for Swazi Nation Land (SNL) FSC-NRA-SZ V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SWAZILAND 2019 – 3 of 162 – Specified risk for Crown or State Land (CL) Specified risk for Crown or State and Title Deed Land (TDL) Land (CL) and Title Deed Land (TDL) 2.3 Low risk Low Risk Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests where high conservation values are threatened by management activities 3.0 Low Risk Low Risk 3.1 Specified Risk for the Mankayane District Specified Risk (Middleveld portion) Low Risk for the rest of the Country 3.2 Specified Risk for the Mankayane Specified risk District(Middleveld portion) Low Risk for the rest of the Country 3.3 Specified Risk for the Mankayane District (Middleveld portion) Specified Risk Low Risk for the rest of the Country 3.4 Specified Risk for the Mankayane District (Middleveld portion) Specified Risk Low Risk for the rest of the Country 3.5 Low Risk Low Risk 3.6 Low Risk Low Risk Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use 4.1 Specified risk Specified Risk Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted 5.1 Low risk Low Risk Background information An assessment of risk insourcing wood from ‘unacceptable’ sources, as outlined by the five Controlled Wood categories, was carried out in accordance with FSC- PRO-60-002a FSC National Risk Assessment Framework. The national risk assessment for Swaziland will serve as an instrument to the certificate holders in the implementation of their verification programs of Controlled Wood, in accordance with FSC- STD-40-005. The NRA was based upon the assessment reports of the CNRA. The generation of the NRA followed the timeline below: NRA Proposal Approved: 26 February 2018 First Draft Development: 30 April 2018 Review by FSC International: 18 June 2018 Public Consultation on Draft 1: 01 July – 31 August 2018 Final Draft submission to FSC International: 30 September 2018 The National Risk Assessment Working Group consisted of six Individuals representing the economic, social and environmental chambers. The process was coordinated by FSC Southern Africa. FSC-NRA-SZ V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SWAZILAND 2019 – 4 of 162 – 1. Social Chamber –Mr. Mashumi Shongwe and Danger Nhlabatsi 2. Environmental Chamber – Sipho Matsebula and Cliff Dlamini 3. Economic Chamber – Justice Mahlalela and Nwabisa Langa List of experts involved in the risk assessment Organization 1. SAPPI 2. Mpumalanga Parks and Tourism Authority 3. Swaziland National Trust Commission 4. Swaziland National Trust Commission (SNTC) 5. All Out Africa, Swaziland 6. University of Swaziland 7. Montigny Forestry, Swaziland 8. Swaziland National Trust Commission 9. Swaziland Department of Forestry 10. TWK Timbers 11. Earth Science Consultants 12. Shiselweni Forestry Company Limited 13. Peak Timbers Limited 14. Montigny Group 15. Montigny Group 16. AJ Robberts (Pty) Ltd 17. Swaziland Environment Authority 18. Chief Mbiko Mkhonta of Engwenyameni 19. Chief Prince Sibasani of Emampondweni 20. Indvuna Zwane of Mpuluzi in the Hhohho region 21. Mpuluzi Inner Council 22. Indvuna Phazamisa Mhlanga of Sigangeni in the Hhohho region 23. Chief Makhosikhosi Khumalo of Kwendzeni Royal Kraal 24. Department
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