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Campus Veterinaire De Lyon VETAGRO SUP CAMPUS VETERINAIRE DE LYON Année 2019 - Thèse n°067 IMPACT ECONOMIQUE DES PRINCIPALES ESPECES DE DIPTERES SUR L’ELEVAGE BOVIN FRANÇAIS ET METHODES DE LUTTES ASSOCIEES THESE Présentée à l’UNIVERSITE CLAUDE-BERNARD - LYON I (Médecine - Pharmacie) et soutenue publiquement le 25 Octobre 2019 pour obtenir le grade de Docteur Vétérinaire par BLANC-DEBRUNE Nicolas Né le 15 juin 1994 à Briançon (05) - 1 - - 2 - VETAGRO SUP CAMPUS VETERINAIRE DE LYON Année 2019 - Thèse n°067 IMPACT ECONOMIQUE DES PRINCIPALES ESPECES DE DIPTERES SUR L’ELEVAGE BOVIN FRANÇAIS ET METHODES DE LUTTES ASSOCIEES THESE Présentée à l’UNIVERSITE CLAUDE-BERNARD - LYON I (Médecine - Pharmacie) et soutenue publiquement le 25 Octobre 2019 pour obtenir le grade de Docteur Vétérinaire par BLANC-DEBRUNE Nicolas Né le 15 juin 1994 à Briançon (05) - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - Remerciements Au Président de Jury, Monsieur le Professeur François Cotton, de l’Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de médecine de Lyon qui nous fait l’honneur de présider ce jury. Sincère remerciement Au premier assesseur, Monsieur le Professeur Lionel Zenner, Professeur en Parasitologie de Vetagro-Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon qui m’a soutenu dans les expérimentations sur l’école et qui m’a assisté dans la rédaction de ce travail. Sincère remerciement. Au second assesseur, Monsieur le Professeur Gilles Bourdoiseau, Professeur en Parasitologie de Vetagro-Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon qui a accepté de venir apporter son analyse pertinente sur ce travail. Sincère remerciement. A Monsieur le Professeur émerite Gérard Duvallet, de l’Université Paul-Valéry, à Montpellier pour votre entière dévotion, votre bonne humeur et votre bienveillance durant la réalisation de ce travail. Un grand merci pour votre aide précieuse, pour m’avoir guidé durant les trois saisons d’expérimentations et pour m’avoir épaulé durant la rédaction. Travailler avec vous aura été un réel plaisir. Vous avez su transmettre plus que des connaissances. Sincère remerciement - 7 - - 8 - Remerciements A ma famille, pour toujours m’avoir soutenu et encouragé dans mes projets, pour avoir toujours cru en moi et pour votre gentillesse sans faille. Avoir une famille comme la nôtre est la plus belle des réussites. Merci pour tous ces moments et pour tous ceux à venir. A mes amis, un immense merci pour ces années de bonheur et de rire. Chacun de vous à sa manière m’aura fait vivre à sa façon des souvenirs inoubliables. Je mets le temps à l’épreuve mais je pense sincèrement que des rencontres comme celles-là ne sont pas caduques et éphémères. J’espère revivre avec vous tous encore plus de moments. A Florent Garçin et Philippe Alberge, pour avoir eu la gentillesse de laisser leur ferme faire partie des expérimentations et d’avoir aidé à la réalisation des protocoles. Au groupement pastoral du Col Agnel, pour nous avoir laissé l’accès au site de Notre Dame du Berceau durant la période d’estive. A Lucas Etienne, pour sa bonne humeur et son aide précieuse pour l’analyse des données. A Slim, pour sa gentillesse et sa disponibilité durant les comptages fait sur l’école. A Manon, Flora et Morgane, pour tous les coups de mains lors de la récolte des échantillons sur le campus de Lyon ou dans le Queyras et ce toujours avec le sourire. - 9 - - 10 - Table des matières Table des matières .......................................................................................................- 11 - Tables des illustrations ..................................................................................................- 15 - Table des tableaux ........................................................................................................- 17 - Introduction : ...............................................................................................................- 19 - I. Etude Bibliographique ...........................................................................................- 21 - A. Présentation des principales espèces de diptères parasites et de leurs impacts sur les productions bovines. ...........................................................................................................- 21 - 1. Stomoxyinae .................................................................................................................................... - 21 - a) Stomoxes ..................................................................................................................................... - 21 - (1) Taxinomie et répartition géographique ............................................................................. - 21 - (2) Morphologie ....................................................................................................................... - 22 - (3) Biologie ............................................................................................................................... - 23 - (4) Action pathogène directe et indirecte................................................................................ - 28 - (5) Impact économique ............................................................................................................ - 32 - b) Haematobia irritans..................................................................................................................... - 35 - (1) Taxinomie et Répartition géographique ............................................................................. - 35 - (2) Morphologie : ..................................................................................................................... - 36 - (3) Biologie : ............................................................................................................................. - 36 - (4) Action pathogène directe et indirecte : .............................................................................. - 39 - (5) Impact économique ............................................................................................................ - 41 - 2. Tabanidés......................................................................................................................................... - 43 - a) Elément de taxinomie : ............................................................................................................... - 43 - b) Morphologie ................................................................................................................................ - 44 - c) Biologie ........................................................................................................................................ - 45 - d) Action pathogène directe et indirecte ........................................................................................ - 48 - e) Impact économique .................................................................................................................... - 51 - 3. Simuliidae ........................................................................................................................................ - 53 - a) Taxonomie : ................................................................................................................................. - 53 - b) Morphologie ................................................................................................................................ - 54 - c) Biologie : ...................................................................................................................................... - 55 - d) Action pathogène : ...................................................................................................................... - 57 - 4. Les Muscidés non hématophages .................................................................................................... - 60 - a) Musca autumnalis ....................................................................................................................... - 60 - (1) Taxonomie et répartition géographique : .......................................................................... - 60 - (2) Morphologie : ..................................................................................................................... - 61 - (3) Biologie : ............................................................................................................................. - 61 - (4) Rôle pathogène : ................................................................................................................ - 63 - (5) Impact estimé : ................................................................................................................... - 64 - b) La mouche domestique : Musca domestica ................................................................................ - 65 - (1) Taxinomie et répartition géographique ............................................................................. - 65 - (2) Morphologie ....................................................................................................................... - 65 - (3) Biologie ............................................................................................................................... - 66 - - 11 - (4) Rôle pathogène et impact économique ............................................................................. - 69 - 5. Fiche de reconnaissance des différents diptères ............................................................................ - 71 - B. Etude de l’impact global et discussion des différentes méthodes de lutte ......................- 75 - 1. Proposition d’une estimation
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