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City Limits: a Psychoanalysis of Urbanism and Everyday Life

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City Limits: a Psychoanalysis of Urbanism and Everyday Life Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 10-12-2012 12:00 AM City Limits: A Psychoanalysis of Urbanism and Everyday Life Mark F. Jull The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Allan Pero The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Theory and Criticism A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Mark F. Jull 2012 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Jull, Mark F., "City Limits: A Psychoanalysis of Urbanism and Everyday Life" (2012). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 925. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/925 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CITY LIMITS: A PSYCHOANALYSIS OF URBANISM AND EVERYDAY LIFE Mark F. Jull Graduate Program in Centre for the Study of Theory and Criticism Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Mark F. Jull 2012 !! THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies Supervisor Examiners ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Allan Pero Dr. Nandita Biswas Mellamphy Supervisory Committee ______________________________ Dr. Scott Schaffer ______________________________ Dr. Nandita Biswas Mellamphy ______________________________ Dr. Jeff Hopkins ______________________________ Dr. Steve Bailey The thesis by Mark Fraser Jull entitled: City Limits: A Psychoanalysis of Urbanism and Everyday Life is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ______________________! !_______________________________ ! Date!!!!Chair of the Thesis Examination Board ii !! Abstract This dissertation begins with Lefebvre’s theoretical framework that space is a social product and provides a brief account of the plans and road networks established with John Graves Simcoe’s founding of York (now Toronto). Foucault’s arguments about gridded street systems and early forms of policing are then introduced to explain the intentions and desires associated with the gridded street pattern of Toronto. Foucault’s theory of governmentality is argued to be the marking of a limit rather than a strict prohibition, and is a specifically urban practice. Lacan’s graph of desire and Lacanian concepts such as jouissance, enjoyment, transference, and love are then introduced to continue this discussion of the problem of limits in contemporary urban everyday life. The overriding questions addressed here are, “What do we desire from the city?” and, “What do we think the city wants from us?” The historical formation of cities and the central writers and movements in urban planning are then interpreted through Lacan’s ‘four discourses.’ Generally, early ‘organic’ urban spaces are understood through the master’s discourse, Frederick Law Olmsted, Ebenezer Howard, and Le Corbusier represent the shift to the university’s discourse, while Jane Jacobs is presented as within the analyst’s discourse. The reading of Jacobs also shows her to be primarily concerned with the economic aspects of cities. A deeper analysis of Lefebvre’s theories, along with Manuel Castells’ theory of the ‘space of flows’ and ‘timeless time,’ are then used to tie together the problem of desire and spatial arrangement through a discussion of the implications of mobile communication, ‘Big Data,’ and the ‘internet of things’ on urban life with theoretical support from Simmel. iii !! Keywords Urbanism; cities; psychoanalysis; Lacan, Jacques; Foucault, Michel; Jacobs, Jane; Castells, Manuel; grids; everyday life; mobile communication; Toronto; political theory. iv !! Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the support of my supervisor, Allan Pero, and the members of my doctoral examination committee. Discussions with Kyle Sim helped me untangle dense theoretical concepts and frameworks without losing the essential components and implications. I would also like to acknowledge the financial support contributed by the people of the Province of Ontario who fund the Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program. This dissertation would not have been possible without the assistance, support, and love of Laurie D. Graham. Lacanian matheme fonts are provided by the Australian Center for Psychoanalysis and are freely available for use here: https://sites.google.com/ site/mathemefont/ v !! Table of Contents CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINATION!.........................................................................ii Abstract!.................................................................................................................iii Keywords!...............................................................................................................iv Acknowledgements!................................................................................................v Table of Contents!...................................................................................................vi List of Figures!........................................................................................................ix Introduction!............................................................................................................1 Chapter 1!.............................................................................................................19 1!FOUNDATIONS, GRIDS, AND GOVERNANCE!............................................19 !1.1!Lefebvre: The Social Production of Urban Space!...............................22 !1.2!Toronto’s Early History and the Founding of York!................................25 !1.3!Foundational Grids!...............................................................................24 !1.4!Foucault on Grids and Urbanization!....................................................39 !1.5!Grids, Urbanism, Politics, Police!..........................................................49 !1.6!Policing and Urbanization!....................................................................51 !1.7!Rancière’s Police Order!.......................................................................64 Chapter 2!!............................................................................................................. 79 2!A PSYCHOANALYSIS OF EVERYDAY URBAN LIFE!...................................79 !2.1!The Graph of Urban Desire!.................................................................82 !2.2!Urban Jouissance!..............................................................................104 !2.3!Enjoy the City!!....................................................................................108 !2.4!Urban Transference!...........................................................................125 vi !! !2.5!The City Supposed To Know!.............................................................127 !2.6!Urban Love!........................................................................................132 Chapter 3!!........................................................................................................... 136 3!EARLY URBANISM: FROM THE MASTER’S TO THE UNIVERSITY DISCOURSE!................................................................................................136 !3.1!Lacan’s Four Discourses!...................................................................137 !3.2!The Four Discourses and Contemporary Urban Life!.........................144 !3.3!Toronto: From the Master’s to the University Discourse!....................146 !3.4!The Parks Movement!.........................................................................153 !3.5!Garden Cities!.....................................................................................164 !3.6!From Real Reform to Leafy Suburbs!.................................................174 !3.7!Hystericizing the Garden City!............................................................179 !3.8!Le Corbusier and CIAM!.....................................................................183 !3.9!The Radiant City and the Good Life!..................................................188 !3.10!Clarification of Le Corbusier’s Overlooked Details!............................191 !3.11!Le Corbusier At His Best: The Radiant Farm!.....................................198 !3.12!How Does ‘Man’ Walk?!......................................................................201 !3.13!The Athens Charter!............................................................................204 Chapter 4!!........................................................................................................... 208 4!JANE JACOBS, THE ANALYST!...................................................................208 !4.1!Jane Jacobs and the Four Discourses!...............................................217 !4.2!Reply to Howard and Le Corbusier!....................................................221 !4.3!Central Arguments of Death and Life!.................................................225 !4.4!Diversity: An Economic Argument!......................................................233 vii !! !4.5!Density is Not a Number!....................................................................240 !4.6!Economy and Space!..........................................................................248
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