Phylum Mollusca
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CEPHALOPODS 688 Cephalopods
click for previous page CEPHALOPODS 688 Cephalopods Introduction and GeneralINTRODUCTION Remarks AND GENERAL REMARKS by M.C. Dunning, M.D. Norman, and A.L. Reid iving cephalopods include nautiluses, bobtail and bottle squids, pygmy cuttlefishes, cuttlefishes, Lsquids, and octopuses. While they may not be as diverse a group as other molluscs or as the bony fishes in terms of number of species (about 600 cephalopod species described worldwide), they are very abundant and some reach large sizes. Hence they are of considerable ecological and commercial fisheries importance globally and in the Western Central Pacific. Remarks on MajorREMARKS Groups of CommercialON MAJOR Importance GROUPS OF COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE Nautiluses (Family Nautilidae) Nautiluses are the only living cephalopods with an external shell throughout their life cycle. This shell is divided into chambers by a large number of septae and provides buoyancy to the animal. The animal is housed in the newest chamber. A muscular hood on the dorsal side helps close the aperture when the animal is withdrawn into the shell. Nautiluses have primitive eyes filled with seawater and without lenses. They have arms that are whip-like tentacles arranged in a double crown surrounding the mouth. Although they have no suckers on these arms, mucus associated with them is adherent. Nautiluses are restricted to deeper continental shelf and slope waters of the Indo-West Pacific and are caught by artisanal fishers using baited traps set on the bottom. The flesh is used for food and the shell for the souvenir trade. Specimens are also caught for live export for use in home aquaria and for research purposes. -
Common Name: Chiton Class: Polyplacophora
Common Name: Chiton Class: Polyplacophora Scrapes algae off rock with radula 8 Overlapping Plates Phylum? Mollusca Class? Gastropoda Common name? Brown sea hare Class? Scaphopoda Common name? Tooth shell or tusk shell Mud Tentacle Foot Class? Gastropoda Common name? Limpet Phylum? Mollusca Class? Bivalvia Class? Gastropoda Common name? Brown sea hare Phylum? Mollusca Class? Gastropoda Common name? Nudibranch Class? Cephalopoda Cuttlefish Octopus Squid Nautilus Phylum? Mollusca Class? Gastropoda Most Bivalves are Filter Feeders A B E D C • A: Mantle • B: Gill • C: Mantle • D: Foot • E: Posterior adductor muscle I.D. Green: Foot I.D. Red Gills Three Body Regions 1. Head – Foot 2. Visceral Mass 3. Mantle A B C D • A: Radula • B: Mantle • C: Mouth • D: Foot What are these? Snail Radulas Dorsal HingeA Growth line UmboB (Anterior) Ventral ByssalC threads Mussel – View of Outer Shell • A: Hinge • B: Umbo • C: Byssal threads Internal Anatomy of the Bay Mussel A B C D • A: Labial palps • B: Mantle • C: Foot • D: Byssal threads NacreousB layer Posterior adductorC PeriostracumA muscle SiphonD Mantle Byssal threads E Internal Anatomy of the Bay Mussel • A: Periostracum • B: Nacreous layer • C: Posterior adductor muscle • D: Siphon • E: Mantle Byssal gland Mantle Gill Foot Labial palp Mantle Byssal threads Gill Byssal gland Mantle Foot Incurrent siphon Byssal Labial palp threads C D B A E • A: Foot • B: Gills • C: Posterior adductor muscle • D: Excurrent siphon • E: Incurrent siphon Heart G F H E D A B C • A: Foot • B: Gills • C: Mantle • D: Excurrent siphon • E: Incurrent siphon • F: Posterior adductor muscle • G: Labial palps • H: Anterior adductor muscle Siphon or 1. -
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESPIRATION RATE and BODY SIZE in MARINE PLANKTON ANIMALS AS a Title FUNCTION of the TEMPERATURE of HABITAT
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESPIRATION RATE AND BODY SIZE IN MARINE PLANKTON ANIMALS AS A Title FUNCTION OF THE TEMPERATURE OF HABITAT Author(s) IKEDA, Tsutomu Citation 北海道大學水産學部研究彙報, 21(2), 91-112 Issue Date 1970-08 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/23417 Type bulletin (article) File Information 21(2)_P91-112.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP RELATIONSIDP BETWEEN RESPIRATION RATE AND BODY SIZE IN MARINE PLANKTON ANIMALS AS A FUNCTION OF THE TEMPERATURE OF HABITAT Tsutomu IKEDA * It is generally known that the rate of oxygen consumption (metabolic rate) per unit body weight of animals increases with the decrease in body size of the animals. This concept was initiated from the finding of the "surface law" by Sarrus & Rameaux (1839), and many studies on this problem have been done on mammals and birds ever since (refer to the reviews of Krogh, 1916; Benedict, 1938; Kleiber, 1947; Prosser, 1961a). A detailed study on this subject (Kleiber, 1947) has shown that the metabolic rate is proportional to a given power function of body weight rather than to body surface. Weymouth et al. (1944) showed that this relation-, ship is also applicable to poikilothermal animals according to experiments on a kelp crab, Pugettia producta. Zeuthen (1947), working on the marine micro-fauna, found a similar relationship. The review of Zeuthen (1953) extended this concept to organisms from bacteria to large mammals. In regard to plankton animals, Raymont & Gauld (1951) first suggested that the rate of oxygen consumption in copepods is proportional to their body surface. -
The Systematics and Ecology of the Mangrove-Dwelling Littoraria Species (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the Indo-Pacific
ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Reid, David Gordon (1984) The systematics and ecology of the mangrove-dwelling Littoraria species (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the Indo-Pacific. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/24120/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/24120/ THE SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY OF THE MANGROVE-DWELLING LITTORARIA SPECIES (GASTROPODA: LITTORINIDAE) IN THE INDO-PACIFIC VOLUME I Thesis submitted by David Gordon REID MA (Cantab.) in May 1984 . for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Zoology at James Cook University of North Queensland STATEMENT ON ACCESS I, the undersigned, the author of this thesis, understand that the following restriction placed by me on access to this thesis will not extend beyond three years from the date on which the thesis is submitted to the University. I wish to place restriction on access to this thesis as follows: Access not to be permitted for a period of 3 years. After this period has elapsed I understand that James Cook. University of North Queensland will make it available for use within the University Library and, by microfilm or other photographic means, allow access to users in other approved libraries. All uses consulting this thesis will have to sign the following statement: 'In consulting this thesis I agree not to copy or closely paraphrase it in whole or in part without the written consent of the author; and to make proper written acknowledgement for any assistance which I have obtained from it.' David G. -
Atlanta Ariejansseni, a New Species of Shelled Heteropod from the Southern Subtropical Convergence Zone (Gastropoda, Pterotracheoidea)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 604: 13–30 (2016) Atlanta ariejansseni, a new species of shelled heteropod.... 13 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.604.8976 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Atlanta ariejansseni, a new species of shelled heteropod from the Southern Subtropical Convergence Zone (Gastropoda, Pterotracheoidea) Deborah Wall-Palmer1,2, Alice K. Burridge2,3, Katja T.C.A. Peijnenburg2,3 1 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK 2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands3 Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P. O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amster- dam, The Netherlands Corresponding author: Deborah Wall-Palmer ([email protected]) Academic editor: N. Yonow | Received 21 April 2016 | Accepted 22 June 2016 | Published 11 July 2016 http://zoobank.org/09E534C5-589D-409E-836B-CF64A069939D Citation: Wall-Palmer D, Burridge AK, Peijnenburg KTCA (2016) Atlanta ariejansseni, a new species of shelled heteropod from the Southern Subtropical Convergence Zone (Gastropoda, Pterotracheoidea). ZooKeys 604: 13–30. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.604.8976 Abstract The Atlantidae (shelled heteropods) is a family of microscopic aragonite shelled holoplanktonic gastro- pods with a wide biogeographical distribution in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate waters. The arago- nite shell and surface ocean habitat of the atlantids makes them particularly susceptible to ocean acidifica- tion and ocean warming, and atlantids are likely to be useful indicators of these changes. However, we still lack fundamental information on their taxonomy and biogeography, which is essential for monitoring the effects of a changing ocean. -
The Invasive Apple Snail Pomacea Canaliculata in Indonesia: a Case Study in Lake Rawa Pening, Central Java
BIO Web of Conferences 19, 00014 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201900014 ISIF 2019 The invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata in Indonesia: a case study in Lake Rawa Pening, Central Java Ristiyanti M. Marwoto¹˒*, Heryanto Heryanto¹, and Ravindra C. Joshi² 1Research Center for Biology, 16911 Gedung Widyasatwaloka, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia 2CABI Southeast & East Asia Regional Centre, 43400 Glasshouse A19 (Block G), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract. The occurrence of the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata in Indonesia was first reported in 1984. The species was introduced as an ornamental aquarium pet. Since then, people have begun to culture the snail in ponds usually adjacent to rice fields. When it was realized that the species multiplied rapidly and was a serious pest, this invasive apple snail had already spread widely. There are many cultural methods of controlling and preventing its distribution, but none are effective in keeping them at non-damaging levels. We mapped the distribution of P. canaliculata in Indonesia from the MZB’s collections as well as literature references and found that the snail invaded almost all large islands, such as Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, and West Papua. We also studied the impact of P. canaliculata on the native apple snails P. ampullacea, P. scutata, and P. virescens in Lake Rawa Pening (a popular tourism destination) as a case study. The results showed that two species of Pila already disappeared from Lake Rawa Pening. Only P. scutata occurs still in the region and was found alive usually in shallow water and rice fields surrounding the lake. -
Pomacea Canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822)
Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) Diagnostic features Distinguished from Pomacea diffusa by its larger sized shell (up to 75 mm in height) and deeply channelled suture. Animal with distinctive head-foot; snout uniquely with a pair of Pomacea canaliculata (adult size up to 75 mm in height) Characteristic pink egg mass, commonly laid on vegetation. distal, long, tentacle-like processes; cephalic tentacles very long. A long 'siphon' is also present. Classification Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) Common name: Golden apple snail Class Gastropoda I nfraclass Caenogastropoda I nformal group Architaenioglossa Order Ampullarida Superfamily Ampullarioidea Family Ampullariidae Genus Pomacea Perry, 1810 Original name: Ampullaria canaliculata Lamarck, 1822. Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de (1822). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres Tome sixième.LĘauteur, Paris. 1-232 pp. Type locality: Laguna Guadeloupe ? Santa Fe, Argentina (as ėRivierès de la Guadeloupe) Biology and ecology This species lives on sediment and on aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation. t lays pink coloured egg masses on plants above the waterline. t has become a major pest of aquatic crops as it eats living plants including rice and taro crops. Distribution ntroduced from South America into the southern United States, East Asia, islands of the ndian Ocean and New Guinea. Notes This pest species has not as yet entered Australia, but ought to be considered a significant risk due to its presence as an invasive in the adjacent ndo-west Pacific region. Two other south Asian ampullariid species have regularly been intercepted by Australian Biosecurity ĕ they are Pila ampullacea (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pila globosa (Swainson, 1822). -
Introduction; Environment & Review of Eyes in Different Species
The Biological Vision System: Introduction; Environment & Review of Eyes in Different Species James T. Fulton https://neuronresearch.net/vision/ Abstract: Keywords: Biological, Human, Vision, phylogeny, vitamin A, Electrolytic Theory of the Neuron, liquid crystal, Activa, anatomy, histology, cytology PROCESSES IN BIOLOGICAL VISION: including, ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF THE NEURON Introduction 1- 1 1 Introduction, Phylogeny & Generic Forms 1 “Vision is the process of discovering from images what is present in the world, and where it is” (Marr, 1985) ***When encountering a citation to a Section number in the following material, the first numeric is a chapter number. All cited chapters can be found at https://neuronresearch.net/vision/document.htm *** 1.1 Introduction While the material in this work is designed for the graduate student undertaking independent study of the vision sensory modality of the biological system, with a certain amount of mathematical sophistication on the part of the reader, the major emphasis is on specific models down to specific circuits used within the neuron. The Chapters are written to stand-alone as much as possible following the block diagram in Section 1.5. However, this requires frequent cross-references to other Chapters as the analyses proceed. The results can be followed by anyone with a college degree in Science. However, to replicate the (photon) Excitation/De-excitation Equation, a background in differential equations and integration-by-parts is required. Some background in semiconductor physics is necessary to understand how the active element within a neuron operates and the unique character of liquid-crystalline water (the backbone of the neural system). The level of sophistication in the animal vision system is quite remarkable. -
Symbionts and Diseases Associated with Invasive Apple Snails
Symbionts and diseases associated with invasive apple snails Cristina Damborenea, Francisco Brusa and Lisandro Negrete CONICET, División Zoología Invertebrados, Museo de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. Email: [email protected], fbrusa@ fcnym.unlp.edu.ar, [email protected] Abstract This contribution summarizes knowledge of organisms associated with apple snails, mainly Pomacea spp., either in a facultative or obligate manner, paying special attention to diseases transmitted via these snails to humans. A wide spectrum of epibionts on the shell and operculum of snails are discussed. Among them algae, ciliates, rotifers, nematodes, flatworms, oligochaetes, dipterans, bryozoans and leeches are facultative, benefitting from the provision of substrate, transport, access to food and protection. Among obligate symbionts, five turbellarian species of the genusTemnocephala are known from the branchial cavity, with T. iheringi the most common and abundant. The leech Helobdella ampullariae also spends its entire life cycle inside the branchial cavity; two copepod species and one mite are found in different sites inside the snails. Details of the nature of the relationships of these specific obligate symbionts are poorly known. Also, extensive studies of an intracellular endosymbiosis are summarized. Apple snails are the first or second hosts of several digenean species, including some bird parasites.A number of human diseases are transmitted by apple snails, angiostrongyliasis being the most important because of the potential seriousness of the disease. Additional keywords: Ampullariidae, Angiostrongylus, commensals, diseases, epibionts, parasites, Pomacea, symbiosis 73 Introduction The term “apple snail” refers to a number of species of freshwater snails belonging to the family Ampullariidae (Caenogastropoda) inhabiting tropical and subtropical regions (Hayes et al., 2015). -
Early Ontogeny of Jurassic Bakevelliids and Their Bearing on Bivalve Evolution
Early ontogeny of Jurassic bakevelliids and their bearing on bivalve evolution NIKOLAUS MALCHUS Malchus, N. 2004. Early ontogeny of Jurassic bakevelliids and their bearing on bivalve evolution. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (1): 85–110. Larval and earliest postlarval shells of Jurassic Bakevelliidae are described for the first time and some complementary data are given concerning larval shells of oysters and pinnids. Two new larval shell characters, a posterodorsal outlet and shell septum are described. The outlet is homologous to the posterodorsal notch of oysters and posterodorsal ridge of arcoids. It probably reflects the presence of the soft anatomical character post−anal tuft, which, among Pteriomorphia, was only known from oysters. A shell septum was so far only known from Cassianellidae, Lithiotidae, and the bakevelliid Kobayashites. A review of early ontogenetic shell characters strongly suggests a basal dichotomy within the Pterio− morphia separating taxa with opisthogyrate larval shells, such as most (or all?) Praecardioida, Pinnoida, Pterioida (Bakevelliidae, Cassianellidae, all living Pterioidea), and Ostreoida from all other groups. The Pinnidae appear to be closely related to the Pterioida, and the Bakevelliidae belong to the stem line of the Cassianellidae, Lithiotidae, Pterioidea, and Ostreoidea. The latter two superfamilies comprise a well constrained clade. These interpretations are con− sistent with recent phylogenetic hypotheses based on palaeontological and genetic (18S and 28S mtDNA) data. A more detailed phylogeny is hampered by the fact that many larval shell characters are rather ancient plesiomorphies. Key words: Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia, Bakevelliidae, larval shell, ontogeny, phylogeny. Nikolaus Malchus [[email protected]], Departamento de Geologia/Unitat Paleontologia, Universitat Autòno− ma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain. -
Aquatic Primary Productivity Field Protocols for Satellite Validation and Model Synthesis (DRAFT)
Ocean Optics & Biogeochemistry Protocols for Satellite Ocean Colour Sensor Validation IOCCG Protocol Series Volume 7.0, 2021 Aquatic Primary Productivity Field Protocols for Satellite Validation and Model Synthesis (DRAFT) Report of a NASA-sponsored workshop with contributions (alphabetical) from: William M. Balch Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Maine, USA Magdalena M. Carranza Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, California, USA Ivona Cetinic University Space Research Association, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, USA Joaquín E. Chaves Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, USA Solange Duhamel University of Arizona, Arizona, USA Zachary K. Erickson University Space Research Association, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, USA Andrea J. Fassbender NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Washington, USA Ana Fernández-Carrera Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany Sara Ferrón University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, USA E. Elena García-Martín National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK Joaquim Goes Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, New York, USA Helga do Rosario Gomes Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, New York, USA Maxim Y. Gorbunov Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA Kjell Gundersen Plankton Research Group, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway Kimberly Halsey Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA Toru Hirawake -
Bivalvos Siluro-Devonicos De Bolivia, Cuanto Sabemos De Su Taxonomia?
V Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Agosto, 2002 BIVALVOS SILURO-DEVONICOS DE BOLIVIA, CUANTO SABEMOS DE SU TAXONOMIA? Alejandra DALENZ-FARJAT XR s.r.l. Exploracionistas Regionales, Parque General Belgrano 1era Etapa, Manzana N Casa 14, 4400 Salta, Argentina. Email: [email protected] RESUMEN Se dan a conocer la totalidad de géneros y especies de la Clase Bivalvia que se registran hasta hoy en la cuenca siluro-devónica de Bolivia. Se tienen 25 géneros y 39 especies colectados en secuencias desde ludlowianas hasta frasnianas. Por otro lado, se incluyen los resultados de investigaciones recientes donde se revisaron la mayoría de los puntos fosilíferos del país con malacofauna, dando a conocer nuevos hallazgos, tanto en el Altiplano, la Cordillera, el Interandino, el Subandino norte y sur como así también algunas referencias en afloramientos de la llanura beniana. Finalmente se evalúa cuanto se sabe sobre la taxonomía de bivalvos y cuales las pautas para continuar su investigación. ABSTRACT This paper propose an up-to-date of genus and species of Bivalvia Class recorded until now, in Silurian-Devonian basin of Bolivia. We know 25 genus and 39 species collected in ludlowian to frasnian sequences. Recent research is included where most of the fossiliferous sites of malacofaune have been revised, making known new rewards, from Altiplano, Cordillera, Interandean, north and south of Subandean and Benian plain. Finally, it is evaluated how much do we know until now about bivalves taxonomy and how to continue this research. Palabras claves: Bivalvos, Siluro-Devónico, Taxonomía, Paleogeografía, Bolivia INTRODUCCION Este trabajo tiene como objetivo preguntarnos y evaluar cuanto hemos avanzado hasta la fecha, en la taxonomía de bivalvos siluro-devónicos de Bolivia.