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Union of Comoros Union of Comoros National Marine Ecosystem Diagnostic Analysis (MEDA) Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystems (ASCLME) Project ASCLME Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystems Project Mitsamiouli Chezani N'Tsaoueni Mbeni Hahaia Itsikoudi Koumbani COMOROS The GEF unites 182 countries in partnership with international institutions, non-governmental organizations N'Tsoudjini Njazidja Moroni Tsidje (Grande Comore) (NGOs), and the private sector to address global environmental issues while supporting national sustainable Karthala Iconi 2361 m INDIAN OCEAN development initiatives. Today the GEF is the largest public funder of projects to improve the global environment. An Pidjani Mitsoudjé independently operating financial organization, the GEF provides grants for projects related to biodiversity, climate Mohoro Foumbouni change, international waters, land degradation, the ozone layer, and persistent organic pollutants. Since 1991, GEF Dembéni has achieved a strong track record with developing countries and countries with economies in transition, providing $9.2 billion in grants and leveraging $40 billion in co-financing for over 2,700 projects in over 168 countries. www. thegef.org Mozambique Channel Jimilime Ouani Mutsamudu Nzwani (Anjouan) Bambao Mwali Sima Ntingi 1595 m (Mohéli) Hoani Domoni Fomboni Miringoni Djoiezi Pomoni Ouallah Wanani Kangani Moya Nioumachoua S M'Ramani a m bi UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain a the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in 177 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. www.undp.org G ra nd No R r é d c M'Zamboro I. - if E d st u This document may be cited as: COMOROS u M'Zamboro Dzumogne dzo ou dzi ASCLME 2012. National Marine Ecosystem Diagnostic Analysis. Comoros. Contribution to the Agulhas and Somali Current Acoua m ou a za M D Capital Combani Pamanzi I. Large Marine Ecosystems Project (supported by UNDP with GEF grant financing). Administrative seat Mayotte Sada Sisoa Bouzi Town, village (Maore) (under French administration) Road Bandele The contributions of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) in Airport Kani-Kele M'Samudu Reefs ODINAFRICAsupporting this publication are gratefully acknowledged. R é c i f d 0 10 20 30 40 50 km u S The boundaries and names shown and the designations u d used on this map do not imply official endorsement or 0 10 20 30 km acceptance by the United Nations. 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Map No. 4088 Rev. 1 UNITED NATIONS Department of Peacekeeping Operations 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 The contributions of the Ocean Data Information Network of Africa (ODINAFRICA) in 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 January 2004 Cartographic Section 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 00 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 01 1 110 0 000 supporting this publication are gratefully acknowledged. 01 00110 100 00110011 11001 0011001100 10011001100110011001100110011000011 The views expressed in this publication may not necessarily reflect those of the GEF, UNDP, or other UN agencies or project partner institutions/organisations. Neither does it imply any opinion whatsoever as to the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, of its authorities, or of the delineation of its territories or boundaries. Mitsamiouli Chezani N'Tsaoueni Mbeni Hahaia Itsikoudi Koumbani COMOROS N'Tsoudjini Njazidja Moroni Tsidje (Grande Comore) Karthala Iconi 2361 m Pidjani INDIAN OCEAN Mitsoudjé Mohoro Foumbouni Dembéni Mozambique Channel Jimilime Ouani Mutsamudu Nzwani (Anjouan) Bambao Mwali Sima Ntingi 1595 m (Mohéli) Hoani Domoni Fomboni Miringoni Djoiezi Pomoni Ouallah Wanani Kangani Moya Nioumachoua S M'Ramani a m bia G ra nd No R r é d c M'Zamboro I. - if E d st u COMOROS u M'Zamboro Dzumogne dzo ou dzi Acoua m ou a za M D Capital Combani Pamanzi I. Administrative seat Mayotte Sada Sisoa Bouzi Town, village (Maore) (under French administration) Road Bandele Airport Kani-Kele M'Samudu Reefs R é c i f d 0 10 20 30 40 50 km u S The boundaries and names shown and the designations u d used on this map do not imply official endorsement or 0 10 20 30 km acceptance by the United Nations. Map No. 4088 Rev. 1 UNITED NATIONS Department of Peacekeeping Operations January 2004 Cartographic Section Table of Contents Table of Contents Executive Summary . .iii Acknowledgements . .v Contributing Institutions . vi List of acronyms . vi. i FOREWORD . ix Country Overview . .1 1 . Biophysical Environment . .2 Grande Comoro ................................................................................................................................................................2 Anjouan ...........................................................................................................................................................................3 Mohéli .............................................................................................................................................................................3 2 . The coastal zone . .4 The coastline ....................................................................................................................................................................4 Islets and coral banks........................................................................................................................................................4 Coral reefs ........................................................................................................................................................................4 Seagrass beds...................................................................................................................................................................5 General description of the climate .....................................................................................................................................5 Marine and Coastal Geology and Geomorphology ...............................................................................................................6 Freshwater resources and drainage, including rivers, estuaries, deltas and coastal lakes .......................................................7 Physical Oceanography .....................................................................................................................................................8 Currents (Coastal hydrodynamics and offshore current systems) .............................................................................................................................................8 Tidal regime and waves ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................8 Sea level change .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 Ocean temperature .................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 Salinity patterns ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 Ocean-atmosphere interaction ................................................................................................................................................................................................9 2.6 Chemical and Biological Oceanography ......................................................................................................................10 2.6.1 Nutrients ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 2.6.2 Persistent organic pollutants ........................................................................................................................................................................................10 2.6.3 Primary production ......................................................................................................................................................................................................10 2.6.4 Secondary production ..................................................................................................................................................................................................11 2.7 Coastal zone and continental shelf .............................................................................................................................11 2.7.1 Description and extent of coastal and marine habitats ................................................................................................................................................12
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