Theory on Individual Behavior, Group Behavior, and Educational And
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Bernard Tursky (1918-2012)
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Bernard Tursky (1918-2012). Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t0857rg Journal Psychophysiology, 51(11) ISSN 0048-5772 Author Jamner, Larry D Publication Date 2014-11-01 DOI 10.1111/psyp.12338 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Psychophysiology, 51 (2014), 1059–1060. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 2014 Society for Psychophysiological Research DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12338 In Memoriam Bernard Tursky (1918–2012) LARRY D. JAMNER, Ph.D. Department of Psychology and Social Behavior University of California Irvine Psychophysiology and our Society lost one of its original greats when Bernard Tursky passed away on September 13, 2012 at the age of 93. Bernard Tursky was an academic trail blazer and pioneer extraordinaire. Raised in New York City, Bernard immigrated to the U.S. with his grandparents and brothers at the age of three. Circumstances demanded that he cease his formal education after the eighth grade in order to support his family. Bernie or “Profes- sor” as I affectionately referred to him represented as close an embodiment of the self-taught “Renaissance Man” I have ever met or will likely ever come across again. To enter Bernie’s office was to enter a veritable library of classic and contemporary texts, and reference manuals on topics such as electrical engineering, classic psychology, political science, medical sciences, physiology, psy- chiatry, systems theory, and mathematics. His academic career began as a technical engineer at MIT, and as his reputation grew as an ingenious developer of laboratory equipment and programming, he was recruited by the Massachusetts Mental Health Center. -
Western Pennsylvania Undergraduate Psychology Conferences
Western Pennsylvania Undergraduate Psychology Conferences 1973 - 2011 Host College - Alliance College 1973 st 1 Annual Keynote Speaker - F. A. Geldard “Sensory Saltation” Presenters: Allegheny College: Kathleen A. Spencer Judith Warner Dennis Blair Dorothy Renich Helen Reed Donald Carlson Jeffrey D. Cross Betty A. Vermeire Robert Drust Mark Ingwer Linda Hochuli Alliance College: Susan L. Hanas Jay Bannister Edinboro State College: Otto Lukert Jim Lochner Donald Herman Kenneth Ersbak Greg Walters Janice Savko Findley College: Raymond J. Smiseck Gannon College: Samuel J. Harakal Byron E. Hillin Indiana Univ. of PA: Jamie Bentley Chris Chorpenning Lou Conte Jim Onoran Frank Knapp Kent State University: Joseph P. Vincenzo Kenton College: David R. Gould Andrew M. Bourland Malone College; Darrell Warner Cynthia Hershberger Manhattan College: Anne Cahill Mansfield State College: Karen Brungard Pace University: Liz Zelinski Anne Majewski Michael Travis Stephen Salbod Pat Dockery Seton Hill College: Martha Simoneau Nancy Martin Carol Jarosz Slippery Rock State Col: E. Schleiden A. Falcioni Host College - Allegheny College Keynote Speaker - Dr. Michael Grazzaniga "One Brain, Two Minds" 1974 nd 2 Annual Presenters Adelphi University: Sheila Epstein Lisa Kimmel 2n d Annual Allegheny College: Beth Gilbert Emily Cleveland Carol Gebhardt Jan Cobb Kathie Spencer David Green Judith Bubacz Dennis Blair April Fallon Harry Frechette Betty Vermeire Cheri Geckler Jack Blackhurst Stacy Williams Peter Hickman Mark Russell Baldwin Wallace: Anthony Petruccelli Chatham College: Pamela Fabish C. Obermesser Maureen McHugh Kathie Olsen Heather Roberb Cleveland State University: Charles Baatz Miron Melon Drexel University: John McNichol Helen Rimkus Edinboro University of Pennsylvania: William Pithers Findley College: Neal Ryder Glassboro State University: Benjamin Weinstein Dori Berstressar Hiram College: C. -
NUMBER 52 Socializing for Modernization in a Multi-Ethnic Elite
NUMBER 52 Socializing for Modernization in a Multi-Ethnic Elite John A. Armstrong Conference on Entrepreneurship and Economic Innovation in Russia/Soviet Union Sponsored by Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies November 16-18, 1978 Washington, D.C. DRAFT PAPER - NOT FOR CITATION SOCIALIZING FOR MODER!~IZATION IN A MULTI-ETHNIC ELITE John A. Armstrong Few historical topics are more important than economic modernization in the Russian polity. 4ike other experiences in economic development, the Russian experience has been highly complex. Certainly one component has been the role of the entrepreneur. Yet, this role itself is a very complex one; failure to separate the many components of the role and to define them analytically has probably caused even more mischief in Russian studies than in examinations of other polities. This essay rests on considerable thought and a limited amount of research on topics close to the theme of entrepreneurial response. There is no intention, however, of presenting a research report on entrepreneurs in the Russian polity, or even laying an adequate groundwork for such research, which ought to be pursued in many directions. The purpose is clarification of the problem, insofar as that preliminary step can be taken by reflection and discussion. At certain points in the analysis a modest element of comparison is introduced. These comparisons are far from fully elaborated, hence they may eventually turn out to be superficial analogies. Given the relative isolation in which so much of Russian area studies has proceeded, even preliminary suggestions of novel analogies to developments elsewhere appear to be appropriate. -
From Sound to Symbol to Meaning Dual Certification Course in Our Phono-Graphix and Kinesiology Cognitive Language Wise Methods
Learning Theory Epistomology Motivation Memory Child Development Thank you for your participation in our Developmental From Sound to Symbol to Meaning dual certification course in our Phono-Graphix and Kinesiology Cognitive Language Wise methods. The course content and materials for working with new and Psychology remedial readers draw upon theory and research in many fields. The developers of these internationally acclaimed methods understand that among the problems in education is a lack of cross-over from various Neuro-Linguistics areas of investigation and bodies of knowledge in Psychology, Linguistics, and Developmental Kinesiology. In 1993 they set the field of reading research and instruction Pure and Applied on its side with their reseach published in the Orton Annals of Dyslexia (C. McGuinness, et al, Linguistics 1993; Reading Reflex, Simon and Schuster, 1997) in which they demonstrated standard score gains in reading of six times that achieved by other reading methods, by addressing the true nature of the English written code and the three skills needed to teach such a code. In 2000 the McGuinnesses released their Language Wise Verbal Intelligence program (Yale University Press, 2000). The McGuinnesses' latest work, From Sound to Symbol to Meaning, brings the two methods, courses, and materials together in a seamless format for teachers and students. FrFroomm S Soouunndd t too S Syymmbbooll t too MeMeaanniinngg PPhhoonnoo--GGrraapphhiixx a anndd L Laanngguuaaggee WiWissee C Ceerrttiiffiiccaattiioonn C Coouursrsee FrFroomm S Soouunndd t too S Syymmbbooll t too MeMeaanniinngg Phono-Graphiix and Language Wise Duall C Certiifiicatiion Course Four Day Course Syllabus Day One Address the areas of research and practice drawn upon in the theory and practice of Phono-Graphix® reading and spelling instruction. -
Cognitive Dissonance by Leon Festinger
472 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Cognitive Dissonance by Leon Festinger SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OCTOBER 1962 VOL. 207, NO. 4 PP. 92-102 PUBLISHED BY W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY 660 MARKET STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94104 Copyright.; 1962 by Scientific American, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. No part of this offprint may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic or electronic process, or in the form of a phonographic recording, nor may it be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or otherwise copied for public or private use without written permission of the publisher. The Author its Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award. LEON FESTINGER is professor of psychology at Stanford University. Fes- Bibliography tinger took his B.S. in psychology at the College of the City of New York in 1939. COGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF FORCED He received M.A. and Ph.D. degrees COMPLIANCE. Leon Festinger and from the State University of Iowa, where James M. Carlsmith in The Journal of he specialized in the field of child be- Abnormal and Social Psychology, havior, in 1940 and 1942 respectively. Vol. 58, No. 2, pages 203-210; He remained at Iowa as a research asso- March, 1959. ciate until 1943 - and for the next two PREPARATORY ACTION AND BELIEF IN years served as senior statistician on the THE PROBABLE OCCURRENCE OF Committee on Selection and Training FUTURE EVENTS. Ruby B. Yaryan and of Aircraft Pilots at the University of Leon Festinger in The Journal of Ab- Rochester. From 1945 to 1948 he taught normal and Social Psychology, Vol. at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 63, No. -
The Cultural Psychology of Suffering: the Many Meanings of Health in Orissa, India (And Elsewhere)
60 ETHOS The Cultural Psychology of Suffering: The Many Meanings of Health in Orissa, India (and Elsewhere) Richard A. Shweder Abstract In this article, I honor Jerome Bruner’s meaning-centered and person-centered approach to the study of cultural psychology by describing aspects of the cultural psychology of suffering in and around a Hindu temple town in Orissa, India. I also outline the ‘‘big three’’ explanations of illness (biomedical, interpersonal, and moral) on a worldwide scale and recount some of the many meanings associated with the word health, as in the English language survey question ‘‘How would you rate your overall health?’’ [cultural psychology; explanations of illness; meanings of health; Orissa, India] Jerome Bruner is famous for his meaning-centered and person-centered approach to the study of cultural psychology (see, e.g., Bruner 1986, 1990, 1993).1 In this article, I seek to honor the life and work of my former teacher with a thickly substantive (and partly analytic) article on the many meanings of health for people in Orissa, India, where I started conducting research on cultural psychology while still a student taking courses with Jerome Bruner at Harvard University during the late 1960s. Before fully engaging my topic—the cultural psychology of suffering—allow me to glance back a few decades and share a pleasurable memory. At Harvard University in the late 1960s, the Department of Social Relations (where I was a student in the ‘‘Social Anthropology Wing’’) and the Department of Psychology (where Jerry Bruner was a faculty member and the director of the ‘‘Center for Cognitive Studies’’) were located in the vertically and intellectually segmented white towering structure, William James Hall. -
Theory and Experiment in Social Communication
THEORY AND EXPERIMENT IN SOCIAL COMMUNICATION BY LEON FESTINGER KURT BACK STANLEY SCHACHTER HAROLD H. KELLEY JOHN THIBAUT 4867 THEORY AND EXPERIMENT IN SOCIAL COMMUNICATION BY LEON FESTINGER KURT BACK STANLEY SCHACHTER HAROLD H. KELLEY JOHN THIBAUT RESEARCH CENTER FOR DYNAMICS INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN REPORT OF STUDIES UNDER OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH CONTRACT OCTOBER, 1950 I.lllioptmiill In U.S.A. EDWARDS BROTHERS, INC. ANN All BO PI. MICHIGAN 1 9 J 1 FOREWORD For the past three years the Research Center for Group Dynamics has been conducting a program of research in the area of social com• munication under contract N6onr-23212 NR 170 698 with the Office of Naval Research. During these years two field studies and a number of laboratory experiments have been done. This compilation presents the reports of the laboratory studies together with a theoretical integration of the work which has been done to date. These studies have centered mainly on two sets of problems, namely, communication stemming from pres• sures toward uniformity in groups and communication in hierarchical structures. The reports of the experiments in this compilation are grouped along these lines. While all of the studies were done at the Research Center for Group Dynamics, some of the authors have since gone elsewhere. Kurt Back is now on the staff of the United States Bureau of the Census. Stanley Schachter is a member of the Department of Psychology of the Uni• versity of Minnesota. John Thibaut is in the Psychology Department of Boston University. Leon Festinger, under whose general supervision this program is being carried out, and Harold H. -
Clearing Conceptual Space for Cognitivist Motivational Internalism
Philos Stud DOI 10.1007/s11098-008-9331-0 Clearing conceptual space for cognitivist motivational internalism Danielle Bromwich Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Cognitivist motivational internalism is the thesis that, if one believes that ’It is right to /’, then one will be motivated to /. This thesis—which captures the practical nature of morality—is in tension with a Humean constraint on belief: belief cannot motivate action without the assistance of a conceptually independent desire. When defending cognitivist motivational internalism it is tempting to either argue that the Humean constraint only applies to non-moral beliefs or that moral beliefs only motivate ceteris paribus. But succumbing to the first temptation places one under a burden to justify what is motivationally exceptional about moral beliefs and succumbing to the second temptation saddles one with a thesis that fails to do justice to the practicality intuition that cognitivist motivational internalism is sup- pose to capture. In this paper, I offer a way of defending cognitivist motivational internalism, which does not require accepting that there is anything motivationally unusual about moral beliefs. I argue that no belief satisfies the Humean constraint: all beliefs are capable of motivating without the assistance of a conceptually independent desire. Keywords Cognitivist motivational internalism Á Humean theory of motivation Á Belief Á Desire Á Moral motivation 1 Introduction Cognitivist motivational internalism is the thesis that, if one believes that ‘It is right to /’, then one will be motivated to /. This thesis—which captures the practical nature of morality—is in tension with a Humean constraint on belief. -
The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Achievement Motivation of Students of Tertiary Institutions in Plateau State, Nigeria
Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 11(2): 8-17, 2020; Article no.AJESS.61177 ISSN: 2581-6268 The Relationship between Personality Traits and Achievement Motivation of Students of Tertiary Institutions in Plateau State, Nigeria U. Esther Ude1* and O. Oyedoyin Akintunde1 1Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author UEU designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author OOA supervised the whole study which, author UEU used as part of her M.Sc. dissertation thesis in the Department of Educational Foundations, University, of Jos, Nigeria. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AJESS/2020/v11i230285 Editor(s): (1) Ana Sofia Pedrosa Gomes dos Santos, UIDEF-Instituto da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. Reviewers: (1) Gabriel Julien, University of the West Indies, West Indies. (2) Rhonda Dookwah, Trinidad and Tobago. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/61177 Received 10 July 2020 Original Research Article Accepted 15 September 2020 Published 25 September 2020 ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between personality traits and achievement motivation of students in tertiary institution in Plateau state. The study adopted the cross-sectional research survey design in its investigation of the variables. Primary source of data was generated through structured, self- administered questionnaire using the big five inventory which comprises of 44- items and achievement motivation inventory which comprises of 32 items. -
Stanley Schachter 1922–1997
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES STANLEY SCHACHTER 1922–1997 A Biographical Memoir by RICHARD E. NISBETT Biographical Memoirs, VOLUME 78 PUBLISHED 2000 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. Courtesy of Columbia University. STANLEY SCHACHTER April 15, 1922–June 7, 1997 BY RICHARD E. NISBETT TANLEY SCHACHTER was one of the very few social psycholo- Sgists ever elected to the National Academy of Sciences (in 1983). His contributions ranged across the study of com- munication and social influence, group processes, sources of the affiliation motive, intellectual and temperamental correlates of birth order, nature of emotional experience, people’s ability to correctly attribute the causes of their behavior to external versus internal factors, causes of obesity and eating behavior disorders, the addictive nature of nicotine, psychological reactions to events that affect stock market prices, and the proper interpretation of “filled” (“uh,” “er”) pauses in speech. Few, if any, social psychologists ever made contributions over a wider range of topics. Remark- ably, the diverse content of the contributions was tied to- gether by a small number of powerful theoretical concepts. Stanley Schachter was born on April 15, 1922, to Nathan and Anna Schachter in Flushing, then a semi-rural part of Queens, New York. Knowing that he wanted to go away to school, but knowing nothing of the rarefied and preppy atmosphere he was about to enter, he chose Yale, where he initially majored in art history. He stayed on for a master’s degree in Yale’s psychology department, which he found 3 4 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS far more to his liking than the undergraduate school. -
Cognitive Dissonance Theory Leon Festinger (1957) Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance Theory Leon Festinger (1957) Cognitive Dissonance Leon Festinger, Henry W. Riecken, & Stanley Schachter, When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group that Predicted the End of the World (University of Minnesota Press; 1956). Mrs. Marion Keech, had mysteriously been given messages in her house in the form of "automatic writing" from alien beings on the planet"Clarion," who revealed that the world would end in a great flood before dawn on December 21 1954. Leon Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Stanford University Press; 1957). Festinger Influenced by Kurt Lewin- (University of Iowa) Social psychology, Group Dynamics, experiential learning Dissonance Dissonance is created by psychological inconsistencies Dissonance is a drive state with arousal properties. Elkin and Leippe (1986) study People are motivated to reduce dissonance Cognitive Dissonance Theory Leon Festinger (1957) the feeling people have when they find "themselves doing things that don't fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold.” consistency theories S-O-R psychology Magnitude of dissonance The degree of importance, or significant of the issue to the individual the dissonance ratio, or dissonant cognitions relative to the amount of consonant cognitions. the rationale(s) that a person can summon to justify the inconsistency. Minimal justification $1/$20 experiment, Festinger and Carlsmith (1957) assigned experiment participants a boring, repetitive task sorting spools into lots of twelve and giving square pegs a quarter turn to the right for one hour. The researcher explained that they needed another person to continue doing this task and asked the participants to recruit a woman in the waiting room by telling her how enjoyable the task was. -
And Robert Hogan
First published in the United States of America in 2014 By The Leadership Crucible LLC Saint Louis, Missouri For questions, concerns or suggestions, Please contact the author at [email protected] First Edition 2 Table of Contents LEARN TO LEAD FROM HISTORY’S GREATEST LEADERSHIP THINKERS ...................................................6 Lao-Tsu (6th century BC) ....................................................................................................................7 Sun-Tsu (544 – 496) ............................................................................................................................8 Plato (427 – 347) ................................................................................................................................9 Aristotle (384 – 322) ......................................................................................................................... 10 Cicero (106 – 43) .............................................................................................................................. 11 Jesus (0 – 33) ................................................................................................................................... 12 Plutarch (46 – 120) ........................................................................................................................... 13 Machiavelli (1469 – 1527) ................................................................................................................. 14 Shakespeare (1564 -1616) ...............................................................................................................