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2 Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot לעילוי נשמת יחזקאל זעליג בן ישראל ע"ה Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot 3 4 Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot Table of Contents EDITORS FORWARD 14 KEILIM 15 Kedushat Eretz Yisrael 15 Keilim (1:6) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Broken Klei Cheres 17 Keilim (3:3) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier The Toy Oven 20 Keilim (5:1) Yehuda Gottlieb My Sons Have Defeated Me 23 Keilim (5:10) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Same Action, Different Outcome 25 Keilim (8:2) Allon Ledder Metalware – Resurrecting Tumah 28 Keilim (11:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Human and Animal Jewellery 31 Keilim (12:1) Alex Tsykin “Fixing” a Needle 33 Keilim (14:5) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier The Wool Comb 35 Keilim (13:8) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot 5 A “Standard” Meal 38 Menachot (17:11) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier To Teach or Not To Teach 41 Keilim (17:16) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier The Impurity of Wooden Vessels 44 Keilim (18:9) Rav Yonatan Rosensweig Covered Utensils 46 Keilim (22:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Three Types of Sevachot 48 Keilim (24:17) Yehuda Gottlieb Keilim - Inside and Out 50 Keilim (25:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Yi’ush – Losing Hope in the Face of Theft 53 Keilim (26:7) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Combining Different Materials 56 Keilim (27:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Bigdei Aniyim 59 Keilim (29:8) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier OHALOT 61 Tumah B’Chiburin 61 Ohalot (1:1) 61 Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier 61 6 Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot The Foot Bone’s Connected to the Leg Bone 64 Ohalot (1:8) Yehuda Gottlieb Kli Cheres in the Arubah 67 Ohalot (5:3-4) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier The spread of Tumah 70 Ohalot (7:3) Allon Ledder The spread of Tumah 73 Ohalot (9:1) From Introduction to ninth perek - Rabbi Pinchas Kehati (Trans.) Levud for Tumah 75 Ohalot (10:2) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier π 77 Ohalot (12:6) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Ziz and Kaneh 79 Ohalot (14:3) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Tumah Behind a Partition 81 Ohalot (15:4) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Beit Ha’pras 84 Ohalot (17-18) Yehuda Gottlieb NEGAIM 87 Inspecting a Metzora on Sunday 87 Negaim (1:4) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot 7 Tzara’at Covering the Body 90 Negaim (4:1-3) Jeremy Herz Safek in Negaim 93 Negaim (5:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Hiding the Sin 95 Approaching Yom Kippur Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Wisdom in Upholding the Words of Chachamim 97 Negaim (9:3) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Tzara’at on Clothing 100 Negaim (11:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier “Something like” Tzara’at on Houses 103 Negaim (12:5) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Hesger 105 Negaim (13:12) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier PARAH 107 A Flying Ohel 107 Parah (3:2) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier More Lenient than the Tzedukim 110 Parah (3:7) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Pumkin-Shell for Mei Chatat 112 Parah (5:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier 8 Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot Invalidating another’s Mei Chatat 114 Parah (7:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier A Drop of Water in Mei Chatat 117 Parah (9:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier A Kalal Resting on a Sheretz 120 The Stringency in Mei Chatat Parah (10:3) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Is knotting considered chibur? 122 Parah (12:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier TAHAROT 124 Machshava 124 Taharot (1:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier The Status of Juice inside Fruit 127 Taharot (3:1) Yehuda Gottlieb Tumah in Reshut HaRabim – Exceptions 129 Taharot (4:5) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Shnei Shvilin - Two Path 131 Taharot (5:3) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Am Ha’aretz Collectors 134 Taharot (7:6) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Machshava of a Katan 137 Taharot (8:6) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot 9 MIKVAOT 140 Mei Gevaim 140 Mikvaot (1:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Maayan and Mikveh 143 Mikvaot (1:7) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Maayan Spilling over a Shoket 146 Mikvaot (5:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Cracks that Combine Mikvaot 148 Mikvaot (6:9) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Stepping out of a Mikveh 151 Mikvaot (7:6) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier NIDAH 154 Backward Rulings about Tumat Nidah 154 Nidah (1:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Ha’Ba’in min HaDerech 156 Nidah (2:4) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Bnot Kutim 158 Nidah (4:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Mufla Samuch L’Ish 161 Nidah (5:6) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Searching for Chametz 163 Nidah (7:2) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier 10 Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot Mixed Pile 165 Nidah (9:5) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier MACHSHIRIN 167 Hechsher – Willingly 167 Machshirin (1:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Using the Bathhouse after Shabbat 169 Machshirin (2:5) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Whose Ratzon is needed for Hechsher? 171 Machshirin (4:7) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Nitzuk 173 Machshirin (5:9) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier ZAVIM 175 Bein Ha’Shmashot and Zavim 175 Zavim (1:6) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Zav on a Bed 178 Zavim (4:7) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier TEVUL YOM 180 Mashkin from a Tevul Yom 180 Tevul Yom (2:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Trumah in Porridge 182 Tevul Yom (2:3) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot 11 YADAYIM 184 Two People Washing Hands Together 184 Yadayim (1:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier Tumat Yadayim – Understanding D’Rabbanan 187 Yadayim (3:2) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier UKTZIN 190 Yad ve’Shomer 190 Uktzin (1:1) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier 310 Worlds 193 Uktzin (3:12) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier REVISION QUESTIONS 197 Keilim 198 Ohalot 222 Negaim 236 Parah 248 Taharot 259 Mikvaot 268 Nidah 276 Machshirin 282 Zavim 288 Tevul Yom 291 12 Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot Yadayim 294 Uktzin 296 Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot 13 Editors Forward The Torah is compared to water. Just like water falls drop by drop and creates rivers the same is true by Torah – A man learns two halachot one day and two halachot the next until [the sum total of his learning] become like a gushing stream (nachal nove’ah). This is Nachal Nove’ah! Two mishnayot a day for approximately five years and nine month and we have completed Shas. We have revision questions on every Mishnah and articles that span topics the full breadth of the oral law and by the time of printing, we are well into the next “wave”. Nachal Nove’ah! Dear reader you must understand. Nearly all the contributors over the six volumes are not Rabbis, scholars or full-time learners, but regular people with busy lives and full schedules. Lawyer, accounts, engineers, university students to list just a few. Yet this is the result. This is Nachal Nove’ah. I urge you to begin, continue or strengthen your humble daily learning program for the result is awesome. The result is Nachal Nove’ah. I cannot end without a few expressions of gratitude. First, to the Creator for giving us strength and bringing us to this day. To those that attended the shiurim and were constant sources of chizzuk. To the maggidei shiur and contributors for their outstanding efforts and dedication. Finally to my wife, who was the coxswain while travelling down this river, constantly providing direction and inspiration. Yisrael-Yitzchak Bankier 14 Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot Keilim Kedushat Eretz Yisrael Keilim (1:6) Yisrael Yitzchak Bankier With the beginning of the new seder, we start learning about the different sources (avot) of tumah (impurity) and their varying intensity. This is followed by the ten levels of impurity that apply to a person (1:5). Juxtaposed to that, the Mishnah then teaches us about the ten levels of kedusha (sanctity) as they apply to land.1 It begins (1:6) with the distinction between Eretz Yisrael and the rest of the world and proceeds to identify the areas within the land that have higher levels of kedusha.2 Granted that Eretz Yisrael has kedusha but how so? The question is not how Eretz Yisrael got its kedusha – that alone is a subject that has much discussion. The question is how is it expressed? The land does not glow so what makes it qualitatively more kadosh? 1 The Maharsha explains that this juxtaposition follows the principle that “ze le’umat ze asah ha’elokim” – that for every level of impurity a level of kedusha was created. 2 The Mishnayot seems to list more than ten locations. The Bartenura (1:9) cites the Geonim who explain that Eretz Yisrael is not counted in the list of kedushot presented by the Mishnah. This is because the Mishnah here is only interested in those locations that show honour to HaKadosh Baruch Hu. All the other locations listed in the Mishnah have some forms of restriction with respect to forms of impurity or people that may enter these areas, whereas Eretz Yisrael does not. Consequently since Eretz Yisrael does not share this form of kedusha it is not counted in the list. The Gra flatly rejects this idea and directs the reader to the Rambam who explains that one of the other areas listed in the Mishnah is actually not included in the count. The Rambam explains that the Ezrat Nashim is not included as it was only given the level of sanctity described in the Mishnah after Gezeirat Yehoshafat before which the Mishnah was taught. Nachal Nove’ah - Taharot 15 The Mishnah writes (1:6): … Eretz Yisrael is more kadosh than all the lands. What is its kedusha? The [produce for] Omer3, Bikurim4 and Shtei Halechem5 are brought from its land as opposed to all other lands. At first, one may think that the kedusha is linked to those mitzvot which can only be performed in Eretz Yisrael. However, this does not appear to be the understanding of the Mishnah which presents a very small subset of those Mitzvot.
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  • Kashering Keilim: Back to Basics Rabbi Moshe Grebenau

    Kashering Keilim: Back to Basics Rabbi Moshe Grebenau

    Kashering Keilim: Back to Basics Rabbi Moshe Grebenau Once a utensil has been used to cook something that is not Kosher it needs to be Kashered. A common example is buying a used utensil from a non-Jew. When a utensil is bought from a non-Jew it must be Kashered and Toiveled (placed in the Mikva). Unlike putting utensils in the Mikvah, Kashering a pot has to do with physical cleanliness. When a utensil is placed in the Mikva the status it attains is entirely Halachic in nature and has nothing to do with the physical makeup of the pot. But before a pot can be placed in the Mikvah it must be clean. One level of cleanliness is actual food matter that can be seen on the surface of the pot; this must be cleaned off. The second level of cleanliness, which we will focus on tonight, is the food matter that is absorbed into the walls of the pot during previous food preparation. The source for this idea is a Parsha in the Torah at the end of Bamidbar (31:21- 24). Bnei Yisroel defeats Midyan and collects a great deal of spoils. Some of the spoils are cooking utensils and Hashem includes instructions to Bnei Yisroel on how to prepare the utensils before they are used. Most Rishonim understand that this was an explanation to Bnei Yisroel of the above idea. Since the people of Midyan had previously used these utensils for non-Kosher animals and Basar B’Chalav etc. there were remnants of the tastes in the walls of the utensils.
  • Niddah 2.0: Jewish Menstrual Purity in the Internet Age

    Niddah 2.0: Jewish Menstrual Purity in the Internet Age

    Niddah 2.0: Jewish Menstrual Purity in the Internet Age Master‘s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Near Eastern and Jewish Studies Professor Sylvia Barack Fishman, Advisor Professor Ellen Smith, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master‘s Degree by Ariella Sara Lis February 2011 Copyright by Ariella Sara Lis © 2011 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisors, Professor Sylvia Barack Fishman and Professor Ellen Smith for their patience, support, wisdom, and guidance throughout this project. I would also like to thank my parents, Lisa and Hannan Lis for listening to my complaints, concerns, and moments of less than calm nerves throughout the writing and research process. I would also like to thank Meredith Butler, close friend and fellow NEJS grad student for reminding me that yes – I can do this, and yes, what I have to say is quite valuable. Finally, I would like to thank my fiancé Tzvi Moshe Raviv, who found the time to support me, read my many drafts, listen to my ideas, cope with my increasing stress level, and even ask me to marry him. iii ABSTRACT Niddah 2.0: Jewish Menstrual Purity in the Internet Age A thesis presented to the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Ariella Sara Lis This thesis analyzes web based tools created by the Orthodox Jewish community to support women in their observance of Jewish menstrual purity ritual practice (JMPR). JMPR is a ritual derived from the Israelite Temple cult conditions of purity.