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Philanthropy and Education Also by Ekkehard Thümler CITIZENS VERSUS MARKETS: How Civil Society Is Rethinking the Economy in a Time of Crises (Co-Editor)

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Philanthropy and Education Also by Ekkehard Thümler CITIZENS VERSUS MARKETS: How Civil Society Is Rethinking the Economy in a Time of Crises (Co-Editor) Philanthropy and Education Also by Ekkehard Thümler CITIZENS VERSUS MARKETS: How Civil Society Is Rethinking the Economy in a Time of Crises (co-editor) Also by Helmut K. Anheier AMERICAN FOUNDATIONS: A Versatile Institution (co-author) SOZIALE INVESTITIONEN: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven (co-editor) AMERICAN FOUNDATIONS: Roles and Contributions (co-editor) CREATIVE PHILANTHROPY (co-author) THE POLITICS OF FOUNDATIONS: A Comparative Analysis (co-editor) INNOVATIONS IN STRATEGIC PHILANTHROPY (co-editor) Philanthropy and Education Strategies for Impact Edited by Ekkehard Thümler Heidelberg University, Germany Nicole Bögelein University of Cologne, Germany Annelie Beller Heidelberg University, Germany and Helmut K. Anheier Heidelberg University, Germany palgrave macmillan Selection and editorial matter © Ekkehard Thümler, Nicole Bögelein, Annelie Beller and Helmut K. Anheier 2014 Individual chapters © Respective authors 2014 Foreword © Bernhard Lorentz, President and CEO of Stiftung Mercator, Germany, 2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-32624-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-45967-4 ISBN 978-1-137-32625-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137326256 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. This report and the underlying study was supported from Stiftung Mercator, Germany Stiftung Mercator This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Figures and Tables ix Foreword x Preface xii Acknowledgements xiv Notes on Contributors xvi Part I Understanding Education Philanthropy 1 Education Philanthropy in Germany and the United States 3 Ekkehard Thümler, Nicole Bögelein and Annelie Beller 2 School Reform and Philanthropy: Theory and Literature 29 Ekkehard Thümler Part II Case Studies 3 Jacobs Summer Camp and DeutschSommer: Making a Difference with Summer Camp Programmes 47 Annelie Beller 4 The Chance: A Systemic Approach to Integrate Adolescents into the Job Market 65 Steffen Bethmann 5 SEIS: The Role of the Bertelsmann Foundation as a Think Tank Taking Action 84 Gunnar Glänzel 6 Semi-Autonomous School: Bertelsmann Foundation and the Largest School Development Project in German History 97 Gunnar Glänzel 7 Success for All: The Impact of Research-Proven Cooperative Learning Strategies 124 Andreas Schröer 8 Teach For America: How a Teacher Corps Changes Schools and Community 161 Andreas Schröer 9 Assessing the Impact of Educational Programmes: An Evaluation of Research Validity 192 Anke Heyder vii viii Contents Part III Analysis 10 Philanthropic Impact and Effectiveness in Education 207 Ekkehard Thümler, Nicole Bögelein and Annelie Beller 11 Islands of Success Revisited: Which Role for Philanthropy? 236 Ekkehard Thümler Index 246 List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 The research process in Strategies for Impact in Education 20 3.1 The Jacobs Summer Camp research process 59 4.1 The Chance: development of assets and operational costs, in CHF 74 7.1 Cycle of effective instruction 135 8.1 Teach For America alumni 183 Tables 1.1 Expenditures for education by foundations and the state 7 3.1 Comparison of the two programmes (own representation) 54 7.1 Basic reading achievements 126 7.2 Success for All programme components 130 7.3 Stakeholder involvement 139 7.4 Evidence for effectiveness 152 8.1 Teach For America growth rates 163 8.2 Teach For America leadership principles and teacher actions 168 8.3 Teach For America achievement metrics 170 8.4 Teach For America funding sources 171 8.5 Teach For America annual budget dates 172 8.6 Teacher evaluation categories 180 8.7 Teach For America attrition rates 182 8.8 Teach For America corps expenses 186 ix Foreword Education plays a key role in all modern societies. It is through education that we pass on our values and traditions, as well as the technical skills needed for building the future. Therefore it is certainly of the highest rele- vance for charitable foundations across the globe, and the first issue that needs to be addressed whenever we set out to support the young generation. Equal access to education is an essential prerequisite for greater partici- pation and fairness in society. We strongly believe that education is a basic civil right that should be enjoyed by everyone. We are therefore committed to ensuring that all children, adolescents and young adults in Germany have access to excellent education in order to be able to make full use of their individual potential. Stiftung Mercator is particularly committed to increasing the significance of cultural education and to fostering the integration of migrants by means of education. We are convinced that cultural education is of major relevance for the acquisition of knowledge, as well as the development of personality, creativity and sustainability. Our goal is thus to anchor arts and culture more firmly within our education system and to bring about a new culture of teaching and learning. In terms of integration we want to eliminate the inequalities which exist between people of migrant and German origin in schools and universities. Hence we aim at reducing educational inequality by 70 per cent for people of migrant origin and aged 15–30 in the long term. As an operative foundation, we are strongly oriented towards generating social impact: We want to create beneficial and lasting social change. It is the basis of our entrepreneurial, professional and international work ethic, and a prerequisite for the legitimacy of what we do. The complex, persistent and difficult question of how to achieve sustainable social impact in the field of education was the starting point of our collaborative project with CSI on these issues, and the reason why we decided to fund the project Strategies for Impact in Education. The study’s goal is to identify and analyse existing models of effective education philanthropy in Germany and the United States, and to make these findings available for use by other foundations, non-profit organ- isations and scholars. The basic idea is that advanced knowledge about strategies for impact in the field of education will open up new possibilities for foundations to consolidate, expand and justify their scope of action, on the one hand, and for scholars of philanthropy and education to develop a better and more comprehensive understanding of a problem that has not sufficiently been explored to date. x Foreword xi In our view, the findings come at a very apt time. Not only does the problem-solving model of education philanthropy fit in well with the pre- sent scientific and public debate on evidence-based strategies to improve education in Germany and the United States, it also provides us with impor- tant options and thoughts for the further development of our strategy in the field of education. We are convinced that the transatlantic comparison will prove to be of particular importance. We know that, compared to the philanthropic sector in Germany, foundations in the US have a longer and more active tradition in the field of education. However, as the case studies show, very different and highly context-sensitive approaches have developed in both countries that have an obvious potential for mutual learning. In recent years, there has been a persistent and increasing debate on social impact in the philanthropic sector. I am personally delighted that these concerns have been taken up by research, and that we have had the opportunity to fund a study that will, in my opinion, push the discussion forward significantly. I sincerely hope that the results and ideas presented in this volume will prove to be of value for practitioners and scholars alike, that they will inform future work directed towards the improvement of edu- cation and thus be instrumental in our societies’ mission to realise the best possible education for the next generation. Bernhard Lorentz, President and CEO of Stiftung Mercator, Germany, 2014 Preface The philanthropy sector has undergone major changes in the last century. A preference for charity, mainly concerned with filling gaps in the public provision of services, has given way to the more ambitious institution of philanthropy with its explicit claim to attack the root causes of social prob- lems. Throughout the last decades in particular, we have seen a shift towards a more strategic understanding of the philanthropic endeavour, characterised by a much greater emphasis on the concrete contributions foundations make to society.
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