India Trilateral Forum 14

22-23 March 2018 Goa, India

Table of Contents

About 2

Logistical Information 3

Discussion Model 4

Directions 5

Agenda 6

List of Participants 10

Participant Biographies 14

1 About

India Trilateral Forum

The India Trilateral Forum is the leading regular dialogue between Americans, Europeans and Indians involved in influencing, crafting and implementing national and foreign policies. Twice each year since 2010, the Forum has convened government officials, intellectuals, media commentators and business representatives for an intimate conversation on shared political, social and economic objectives as well as the implications of India's rise for the transatlantic community. The Forum has been held in Europe (Stockholm and London), and in three cities in India (New Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru). In 13 editions over eight years, the Forum has engaged over 350 key individuals, including leading politicians and government officials, influential columnists, representatives from top businesses, and renowned policy experts from India, the United States and Europe.

Format

The café-style format of the forum is designed to create a conversation between peers. While panellists are expected to help lead the conversation, they are only asked to give scene-setting remarks of around five to seven minutes, preserving the majority of the session for an open back and forth between all of the participants in the room.

India Trilateral Forum is held under the Chatham House Rule, which states:

When a meeting, or part thereof, is held under the Chatham House Rule, participants are free to use the information received, but neither the identity nor the affiliation of the speaker(s), nor that of any other participant, may be revealed.

The intellectual content generated by the forum helps in producing spin-off papers, videos and podcasts over the course of the year. A list of past forums, including the papers, podcasts, interviews and photographs can be found at http://www.gmfus.org/forum/ india-trilateral-forum.

2 Logistical Information

Accommodation Out-of-town participants will stay at the Vivanta By Taj-Panaji, Off D. B. Bandodkar Road, St. Anne's Junction, Santa Inez, Panaji, Goa 403001, India. Please note that check-in is at 14:00 and check out is at 12:00. The hotel does accommodate check-in two hours prior or later, but this is subject to availability. We ask that you kindly settle any additional nights or incidentals prior to check-out.

Venues The conference will take place in the Vivanta By Taj-Panaji.

Transport The hotel is located in the city centre of Goa, 40 minutes from the Goa International Airport.

For those who indicated airport transfers, they have been arranged by the hotel. Please look for your name card outside the main exit gate at the airport. If you have trouble finding our driver, please contact a conference organiser or the hotel. Please keep in mind that there may be a wait for other participants travelling around the same time.

Dress Code The dress code for all days is business casual.

Internet There is Wi-Fi access throughout the hotel and the conference venue.

Twitter While the conference is held under the Chatham House Rule, participants are welcome to tweet (without attribution) using #ITF14. @GMFUS will be live-tweeting parts of the Forum.

Contact Information Danielle Piatkiewicz | [email protected] | +1 202 384 0659 Sonali Mittra |[email protected] | +91 95603 13377

3 Discussion Model

Guidelines for Moderators, Panellists and Participants

The India Trilateral Forum was created to strengthen networks and understanding between the policy communities of India, the United States and Europe. Skillfully moderated sessions between experts on the specified topics will maximise the forum's impact. Here are some rules of thumb to help the Forum accomplish its goal of providing a compelling participatory format. • The forum is about creative conversation as opposed to formal presentations. • The purpose of the forum is to foster real dialogue that involves all participants in the room. The format does not allow for unplanned formal presentations, speech- making during discussions, or seminar-like presentations. • No one should prepare to deliver lengthy remarks or a speech of any kind during the panel sessions. Long speeches or remarks would disrupt the proceedings and interrupt what we seek to accomplish. • Designated moderators should briefly introduce the panel: name and affiliation is sufficient. All panel speakers should keep their opening remarks to five minutes or less. The moderator will not hesitate to intervene if the opening remarks run long. • The purpose of each discussion is to focus on the trilateral dimension of the topic. All participants are asked to think in the framework of trilateral aspects of each session and topic. • Designated moderators will be the guides for the open discussion sessions and will be looking for your participation. • All participants are asked to restate their names and affiliations when they begin to speak for the sake of other participants. • All participants, as they engage in the discussion, are asked to give succinct observations and questions to allow time for others to contribute. • Moderators will state explicitly in their sessions that the Chatham House Rule applies. Chatham House Rule is an honour-bound agreement that states, "Participates are free to use the information received, but neither the identity nor the affiliation of the speaker(s), nor that of any other participant, may be revealed."

4 Directions Thursday, 22 March – Friday, 23 March

AIRPORT TO CONFERENCE VENUE: Vivanta By Taj-Panaji, Off D. B. Bandodkar Road, St. Anne's Junction, Santa Inez, Panaji, Goa 403001, India

5 Agenda Thursday, March 22

11:30 – 12:00 Registration Location: Vivanta by Taj Hotel

12:00 – 13:00 Networking Lunch

13:00 – 13:10 Welcome Remarks  Sunjoy Joshi, Chairman, ORF  Jamie Fly, Director, Asia Program and Future of Geopolitics, The German Marshall Fund of the United States  Cecilia Ruthström-Ruin, Head of Department, Asia and the Pacific, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sweden

13:10 – 13:20 Welcome Address  Shri Rohan Khaunte, Minister for IT, Labour and Revenue, Government of Goa

13:20 – 14:30 Session 1: Democracies under Threat? Radicalisation, Populism, and Disinformation Moderator: Amy Kazmin, South Asia Bureau Chief, Financial Times - TBC  Jamie Fly, Director, Asia Program and Future of Geopolitics, The German Marshall Fund of the United States  Peter Rimmele, Resident Representative to India, Konrad- Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.  Rupa Subramanya, Commentator, Economist, Co-author – of 'Indianomix'

14:30 – 15:00 Tea/Coffee break

15:00 – 16:15 Session 2: India's Future Domestic Politics and Global Expectations: First Responder or Lead Power? Moderator: Reuben Abraham, C E O and Senior Fellow, I D F C Institute  Sadanand Dhume, Resident Fellow, American Enterprise Institute  Anirban Ganguly, Director, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mookherjee Research Foundation

6  Klas Molin, Ambassador of Sweden, India  Manish Tewari, Member of Parliament, India

16:15 – 16:45 Tea/Coffee break

16:45 – 18:00 Session 3: A Free and Open Indo-Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities for Engagement? Moderator: Daniel Twining, President, International Republican Institute  Indrani Bagchi, Diplomatic Editor, Times of India  Eric Brown, Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute  Steven Everts, Senior Advisor, Asia Pacific Department, European External Action Service  Arun Prakash, Former Chief of Naval Staff, Indian Navy

18:00 – 18:15 Tea/Coffee Break

18:15 – 19:30 Session 4: China: The New Normative Power? Moderator: Suhasini Haidar, Diplomatic Editor, The Hindu  Nitin Pai, Co-founder, Takshashila  Cecilia Ruthström-Ruin, Head of Department, Asia and the Pacific, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sweden- TBC  David Sedney, Senior Associate, Center for Strategic and International Studies

20:00 – 22:00 Dinner reception by the Embassy of Sweden in New Delhi Location: Vivanta by Taj Hotel

7 Friday, March 23

09:30 – 10:45 Session 5: The Promise and Peril of Tech Moderator: Amy Studdart, Fellow, The German Marshall Fund of the United States  Sunil Abraham, Executive Director, Centre for Internet and Society  Hans-Christian Hagman, Senior Adviser to the Swedish State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs.  Nikhil Pahwa, Founder, Medianama

10:45 – 11:45 Book discussion Moderator: Harsh Pant, Distinguished Fellow, ORF  Frederic Grare, Chargé de mission, Asia at the Center for Analysis, Planning and Strategy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France  Aparna Pande, Research Fellow and Director, Initiative on the Future of India and South Asia, Hudson Institute

11:45 – 12:15 Tea/Coffee Break

12:15 – 13:30 Session 6: The Social in the Global Order: Migration, Work and Public Health Moderator: Kapil Sharma, Vice President, Government and Public Affairs, Wipro Technologies  Indira Behara, Senior Director, Global Health Strategies  Henrik Chetan Aspengren, Research Fellow, The Swedish Institute of International Affairs (UI)  Claudio Lilienfeld, Director, Government Affairs Asia Pacific, Gilead Sciences

13:30 – 14:30 Lunch

14:30 – 15:45 Breakout sessions: 1. Global Terrorism after the Caliphate: Threats, Trends and Prospects for Global Cooperation Moderator: Shakti Sinha, Director, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library  Kanchan Gupta, Commissioning Editor ABP New

8 • Alexander Evans, Deputy High Commissioner to India, British High Commission  Shivali Lawale, Director, Symbiosis School of International Studies • Shakti Sinha, Director, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library

2. OBOR: Engage or Provide Alternatives? Moderator: Nisid Hajari, Asia Editor, Bloomberg View  Shaurya Doval, Director, India Foundation  Mohan Guruswamy, Distinguished Fellow, ORF  Andrew Small, Senior Transatlantic Fellow, The German Marshall Fund, Asia Program

3. US–India Relations Under Trump: More Than Hugs and Tweets? Moderator: Mihir Sharma, Senior Fellow, ORF  Tanvi Madan, Fellow, Brookings Institution  Arun Singh, Distinguished Non-Resident Senior Fellow, The German Marshall Fund, Asia Program

16:00 – 17:00 Plenary session: Moderator's Report

17:00 – 17:30 Tea/Coffee Break

17:30 – 18:45 Session 7: Building Global Trade Regimes in an Age of Domestic Disruptions: India, US and EU Moderator: Varun Sahni, Vice Chancellor, Goa University  Mihir Sharma, Senior Fellow, ORF  Ingrid Henick, Senior Vice-President, Cohen Group  Friederike Tschampa, First Counsellor, Head of Political Affairs, EU Delegation to India and Bhutan • Ila Patnaik, Professor, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy

18:45 – 19:00 Vote of Thanks Harsh Pant, Senior Fellow, ORF

19:30 – 21:30 Dinner Location: Vivanta by Taj Hotel

9 List of Participants Reuben Abraham Louise Bonbeck CEO, Senior Fellow Head of South Asia Division, Department IDFC Institute for Asia and the Pacific, Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Sunil Abraham Executive Director Eric Brown Centre for the Internet and Society Senior Fellow Hudson Institute Prachi Agarwal Project Manager Loa Brynjulfsdottir JustJobs Network Head of International Affairs Swedish Trade Union Confederation Henrik Chetan Aspengren Research Fellow Viktor Carlsson The Swedish Institute of International Second Secretary Affairs (UI) Embassy of Sweden

Indrani Bagchi Sadanand Dhume Diplomatic Editor Resident Fellow Times of India American Enterprise Institute

Indira Behara Shaurya Doval Senior Director Director Global Health Strategies India Foundation

Rukmani Bhatia Jenny Eklund Special Assistant to the President Client Executive Asia and Senior Vice Freedom House President Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken A.B. Gautam Bhattacharyya Deputy Head of Mission Alexander Evans Embassy of Sweden Deputy High Commissioner British High Commission Simon Billett Diplomat StevenEverts British High Commission in New Delhi Senior Advisor (AsiaPac) European External Action Service

10 Jamie Fly Ingrid Henick Director, Future of Geopolitics and Vice President Director, Asia Programme Cohen Group The German Marshall Fund of the United States Sunjoy Joshi Chairman Anirban Ganguly Observer Research Foundation Director Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Edgard Kagan Foundation Consul General Consulate General of the United States of Frédéric Grare America Chargé de mission, Asia Center for Analysis, Planning and Strategy Amy Kazmin Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France South Asia Bureau Chief Financial Times PankajGupta Vice President Rohan Khaunte Volkswagen Minister of Goa's Revenue, IT and Labour and Employment Ministry Mohan Guruswamy Distinguished Fellow Erik Laursen Observer Research Foundation Head of Department of Asia, Latin America and Oceania Hans-Christian Hagman Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Senior Adviser to the Swedish State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Swedish Shivali Lawale Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Director Symbiosis School of International Studies Suhasini Haider Deputy Resident Editor & Diplomatic Claudio Lilienfeld Affairs Editor Director The Hindu Government Affairs Asia Pacific Gilead Sciences Nisid Hajari Asia Editor Lars-Olof Lindgren The Bloomberg View Advisor Saab A.B.

11 Tanvi Madan Danielle Piatkiewicz Fellow and Director, The India Project Program Coordinator Brookings Institution The German Marshall Fund of the United States Sonali Mittra Associate Fellow, Programme Coordinator Arun Prakash Observer Research Foundation Former Chief of Naval Staff Indian Navy Klas Molin Ambassador Peter Rimmele Embassy of Sweden, India Resident Representative to India Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Nikhil Pahwa Editor and Publisher Cecilia Ruthström-Ruin Medianama Head of Department for Asia and the Pacific Nitin Pai Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sweden Co-Founder & Director Takshashila Institution Varun Sahni Vice Chancellor Aparna Pande Goa University Director, India Initiative Hudson Institute Harald Sandberg Senior Advisor Harsh Pant External Affairs Sweden AB Distinguished Fellow Observer Research Foundation Samir Saran Vice President Siddharth Patel Observer Research Foundation Office of the Executive Director Reliance Industries Limited Dhiraj Sareen Directing Staff Ila Patnaik Naval War College Professor National Institute of Public Finance and David Sedney Policy Senior Associate Center for Strategic and International Studies

12 Mihir Sharma Kanchan Gupta Senior Fellow Commissioning Editor Observer Research Foundation ABP News.

Kapil Sharma Robin Sukhia Vice President, Government and Public Secretary General & President Affairs Sweden-India Business Council Wipro Technologies Ulrika Sundberg Arun Singh Consul General Distinguished Non Resident Senior Fellow Embassy of Sweden The German Marshall Fund of the United States Pavel Svitil Policy Officer Shakti Sinha European External Action Service Director Nehru Memorial Museum and Library Manish Tewari Member of Parliament Andrew Small Lok Sabha Senior Transatlantic Fellow The German Marshall Fund of the United Friederike Tschampa States First Counsellor, Head of Political Affairs Delegation of the European Union to India Sharon Stirling Deputy Director Daniel Twining The German Marshall Fund of the United President States International Republican Institute

Amy Studdart Constantino Xavier Fellow Fellow The German Marshall Fund of the United Carnegie Endowment India States Eric Zimmerman Rupa Subramanya Director of Research & Global Commentator, Economist, Co-author of Engagement Interdisciplinary Center 'Indianomix' Herzliya

13 Biographies

Reuben Abraham is founding chief executive officer at IDFC Institute, a Mumbai-based think/do tank focused on state capacity and political economy. He is a non-resident scholar at the Marron Institute at New York University. Before IDFC, he was faculty and the executive director of the Centre for Emerging Markets Solutions (CEMS) at the Indian School of Business (ISB). Reuben Abraham is a Milken Institute Senior Fellow and a Legatum Institute Fellow and is a member of the international advisory board of Unicredit Bank of Italy; the boards of India's Centre for Civil Society; Advocata, a Sri Lankan think tank; THNK, The Amsterdam School of Creative Leadership; FHRS, an affordable housing firm; and on the investment committee of Endiya Partners, an Indian venture fund. In 2012, he was featured in Wired Magazine's “Smart List 2012: 50 people who will change the world.” He was selected as a Young Global Leader for 2009 by the World Economic Forum, where he serves on Global Futures Council on The Future of Cities and Urbanisation. For a decade, he served as an independent director at the Soros Economic Development Fund (SEDF). He completed his M.A., M.Phil and Ph.D. at Columbia University.

Sunil Abraham is the executive director of Bangalore-based research organisation, the Centre for Internet and Society, and a board member of Mahiti. Between September 2007 and 2008, he managed ENRAP, an electronic network of International Fund for Agricultural Development projects in the Asia-Pacific, facilitated and co-funded by International Development Research Centre, Canada. From June 2004 to June 2007, Sunil managed the International Open Source Network, a project of United Nations Development Programme's Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme serving 42 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Sunil was elected to be an Ashoka fellow in 1999 to 'explore the democratic potential of the Internet' and was also granted a Sarai FLOSS fellowship in 2003. He founded Mahiti in 1998, a company committed to creating high- impact technology and communications solutions that employs more than 50 engineers.

Prachi Agarwal is a project manager at JustJobs Network and is responsible for overseeing all research projects. She is also engaged in business development and event management activities of the organisation. Prior to joining JJN, she worked with the State Bank of India

14 as a management trainee in their corporate office. She previously worked with Ernst and Young to support their thought leadership team as an associate analyst. She also works in the capacity of a consultant with IFMR – LEAD on a variety of financial inclusion studies. Her research interests include migration and skill development. Prachi holds a business management degree, specialising in Finance and Operations, from Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar.

Henrik Chetan Aspengren is currently a research fellow at the Swedish Institute of International Affairs (SIIA), where he coordinates SIIA's South Asia Initiative. He has authored many books, research articles and OP-eds about South Asian Affairs. Dr. Aspengren holds a Ph.D. from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London.

Indrani Bagchi is senior diplomatic editor with The Times of India, where she reports and analyses foreign-policy issues. Indrani covers daily news on foreign affairs, Indian foreign and strategic policy, diplomacy, terrorism, national security issues. She also interprets and analyses global trends with an Indian perspective. She writes news stories; opinion articles; news features and a blog, "Globespotting". In 2010, Indrani was awarded the Chang Lin- Tien fellowship by the Asia Foundation to study US-China relations at Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. She is a fellow of the third class of the India Leadership Initiative of Aspen Institute, India and a member of the Aspen Global Leadership Network. Indrani was a Reuters Fellow at Oxford University in 1997. She tweets @horror06 and @IBagchiTOI.

Indira Behara is a senior director at Global Health Strategies. Following this, she worked in one of New Delhi's largest public-sector hospitals as a junior resident physician and research assistant. However, while obtaining her ECFMG certification in the United States, she began to understand the similarities and differences between the health systems of developed and developing economies. Her interest in Health Systems Design and Health Policy drew her towards public health. After finishing her master's degree in public health from Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health in New York, USA she interned at the UNICEF headquarters, before returning to India to follow her dream. Indira focuses mainly on areas such as Tuberculosis, Global Health Security, Health

15 Innovation and Systems Design, maintaining a keen interest in strategic affairs and international relations. She received her Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree from Sri Ramachandra Medical College in Chennai, India.

Kanchan Gupta is the Commissioning Editor of ABP News. His columns are published in various newspapers. He does commentary for ABP News TV, ET Now and Republic. During a break from journalism, he worked at the Prime Minister's Office in close association with NSA Brajesh Mishra as an aide to PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee. He was Director of the India Centre in Cairo, where he developed his interest in studying Islamism and jihadi violence.

Rukmani D. Bhatia is the special assistant to the President of Freedom House. She previously worked on Freedom House's flagship publications “Freedom in the World and Freedom of the Press” at Freedom House, managing the portfolios for the Americas, Asia, MENA and sub-Saharan Africa regions. During the Obama Administration, Rukmani served as the Special Assistant to the USAID Assistant Administrator for Europe and Eurasia. Prior to her political appointment, she was the inaugural Hillary R. Clinton Research Fellow for Ambassador Melanne Verveer at the Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security. She has published extensively on democracy and human rights issues as well as women's political participation in post-conflict nations. She has conducted fieldwork in the Balkans, South and Southeast Asia, East Africa and Central America. She holds a master's degree from Georgetown's School of Foreign Service and a bachelor's degree with honours from Wellesley College.

Gautam Bhattacharyya is the deputy head of mission and head of political affairs at the Swedish Embassy in Delhi. He has served a total of 6 years in India and has worked mainly with India-related matters during the past 18 years.

Simon Billett is a British diplomat currently posted in New Delhi. Simon works on India's external affairs and foreign policy, including its relationship with Europe. Previously, Simon was posted at the UK Mission to the UN in New York working on UN Security Council business. Simon has also held positions at the UN and World Bank.

16 Louise Bonbeck is the Head of South Asia Division, Department for Asia and the Pacific, Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

Eric Brown is a senior fellow at Hudson Institute where he studies Asian and Middle Eastern affairs, alternative geopolitical futures, and US diplomacy and strategy. He is also the editor, with Ambassador Husain Haqqani and Dr. Hillel Fradkin, of the review Current Trends in Islamist Ideology. For the last 15 years, he has conducted research across Eurasia on security, development, educational and political issues. His recent work has focused on the struggles over order in the Asia-Pacific and West Asia, and the growing connections between them, as well as on developing new diplomatic and stabilisation tools and plans for aiding fragile and contested countries. He has a special interest in mountainous regions, from North Africa and the Zagros to the Himalayas. As a student, he lived and studied throughout Asia, and he completed graduate work in Eastern Classics.

Loa Brynjulfsdottir is currently Director of the International Department of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation, LO. She is an internationally experienced leader with focus on sustainable development, labour markets and global leadership.

Viktor Carlsson joined the Embassy of Sweden in New Delhi in 2017. His main focus is Indian external political affairs, regional issues and defence and security. Within the Embassy, Viktor also manages Sweden´s relations with Nepal and Bhutan. Prior to joining the Embassy, Viktor had been working with security policy and consular contingency planning at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Stockholm and was previously posted to the Embassy in Kabul. Viktor holds a degree in Political Science from Lund University, where he enrolled after finishing his national service with the Swedish Air Force Rangers.

Sadanand Dhume is a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, where he writes about South Asian political economy, foreign policy, business and society, with a focus on India and Pakistan. He is also a South Asia columnist for the Wall Street Journal. He has worked as a foreign correspondent for the Far Eastern Economic Review in India and Indonesia and was a Bernard Schwartz Fellow at the Asia Society in Washington, D.C. His political travelogue about the rise of radical Islam in Indonesia, "My Friend the Fanatic: Travels with a Radical Islamist," has been published in four countries.

17 Shaurya Doval is Managing Director at Zeus Corps, and he leads the investment business in India. He has over 20 years of international investment banking experience, during which time he has worked for over a decade in London with the leveraged finance business GE Capital and Investment Banking Division of Morgan Stanley. He has also worked with corporate finance advisory at Arthur Andersen in India. Mr. Doval is also a director of the India Foundation, a think tank based in New Delhi. He is a qualified chartered accountant and holds an MBA from the London Business School.

Jenny Eklund is the senior vice president at Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (SEB) covering South Asia and South East Asia at SEB since 1997. She has been working with India in a client-relationship role since 2011 (for the second time). In addition to handling business and credit-related matters mainly concerning banks, her responsibilities include monitoring political risk and coordinating matters related to the South and South East Asian region for the SEB group.

Alexander Evans is deputy high commissioner to India. He was appointed deputy high commissioner to India in August 2015. In this role, he also serves as the chief operating officer for the India network of around 950 staff spread across 10 cities. He has a longstanding relationship with India, having spent periods as an undergraduate and graduate student in India and later written, taught and commented on the region. Alexander is a career diplomat, who has previously served in New York (on a leave of absence leading a United Nations Security Council expert team), Washington, (as senior advisor to the late Ambassador Richard Holbrooke in the US Department of State), Islamabad and New Delhi. In London, he has worked as a member of the Policy Planning Staff, and in national security and analytical roles. Prior to joining the diplomatic service, Alexander was director of studies for a financial services think tank and worked as a management consultant, journalist and regulator. He has also held think tank appointments at Chatham House and Policy Exchange in London, at the Stimson Center in Washington, and at the Asia Society in New York. Alexander is a visiting senior research fellow at King's College London, a former Gwilym Gibbon Fellow at Nuffield College Oxford and has twice held appointments at Yale University, first as a World Fellow and then later returning to teach international relations as a Senior Fellow. He is a past Henry Kissinger Chair in Foreign Policy at the Library of Congress. He has also served on higher

18 education and non-profit boards in the United Kingdom and the United States. He has a Ph.D. in South Asian politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies, and in 2010, was appointed to the Order of the British Empire (OBE).

Steven Everts has been working for 20 years on EU foreign policy, first as academic and analyst and now as EU diplomat. He is currently a senior adviser in the Asia Pacific Department of the European External Action Service acting as the as Alternate EU SOM for the ASEM process. Prior to this, he was responsible for coordinating the EU's strategy for ASEAN and the ASEAN Regional Forum. Until November 2012, he was member in the Cabinet of HR/VP Catherine Ashton with responsibility for Asia and the Pacific; Turkey; and the general issue of how to frame and strengthen the EU's relations with its Strategic Partners. Previously, he covered the EU's relations with the US, Canada and the UN. Between 2005 and 2009, Steven Everts worked for SG/HR Javier Solana, both as his personal representative for Energy and Foreign Policy and as a Member of his Cabinet. Before his time at the EU, he was a Senior Research Fellow at the London-based Centre for European Reform and Director of the CER's transatlantic programme, which covered the full range of US–European relations. Dr. Steven Everts has been the author of numerous articles on EU issues in leading European and North American publications, including Survival, World Policy Journal, Internationale Politik and The International Spectator. He has written many articles for The Financial Times, The International Herald Tribune, The Wall Street Journal, die Süddeutsche Zeiting, Le Monde and NRC/Handelsblad. In addition to his native Dutch, he speaks English, French and Italian. He is married and has one daughter and one son. He holds a D.Phil. in International Relations from Oxford University (St. Antony's College), where he also acted as Lecturer at Brasenose College, and an M.A. in Political Science from Leiden University in the Netherlands.

Jamie Fly is a senior fellow and director of the Future of Geopolitics and Asia programmes at The German Marshall Fund of the United States. He served as counsellor for foreign and national security affairs to Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) from 2013–2017, serving as his foreign policy adviser during his presidential campaign. Prior to joining Senator Rubio's staff in February 2013, he served as the executive director of the Foreign Policy Initiative (FPI) from its founding in early 2009. Prior to joining FPI, Mr. Fly served in the Bush administration at the National Security Council (2008–2009) and in the Office of the

19 Secretary of Defense (2005–2008). He was director for counter-proliferation strategy at the National Security Council, where his portfolio included the Iranian nuclear programme Syria, missile defence, chemical weapons, proliferation finance and other counter- proliferation issues. In the Office of the Secretary of Defense, he was an assistant for Transnational Threats Policy, where he helped to develop US strategy related to the proliferation of missiles as well as nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. For his work in the Department of Defense, he was awarded the Office of the Secretary of Defense Medal for Exceptional Public Service. Mr. Fly received a BA in international studies and political science from American University and an M.A. in German and European studies from Georgetown University.

Anirban Ganguly is a scholar of civilisation, politics, history and culture and has written and spoken extensively on these topics. He is a member of the Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) and also member of Policy Research Department and Co-convenor of Library Department of the Bhartiya Janata Party.

Frédéric Grare is a "Chargé de mission," in charge of Asia at the Centre for Analysis, Planning and Strategy of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He is also a non-resident senior associate in Carnegie's South Asia Programme. At Carnegie, his research focuses on South Asian Security issues and the search for security architecture. He also works on India's Look East Policy, Afghanistan and Pakistan's regional policies and the tension between stability and democratisation,, including civil-military relations in Pakistan. Prior to joining Carnegie, Grare served as head of the Asia bureau at the Directorate for Strategic Affairs in the French Ministry of Defense. He also served at the French embassy in Pakistan and, from 1999 to 2003, as director of the Centre for Social Sciences and Humanities in New Delhi. Grare has written extensively on security issues in Asia, in particular South Asia. His recent book, "India Turns East: International Engagement and US-China Rivalry," has been published by Hurst Publishers.

Pankaj Gupta is Vice President of External Affairs and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Volkswagen India. He has been in the automotive sector for the past 18 years, holding senior positions in the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), Toyota Kirloskar Motor and General Motors India. Mr. Gupta works closely with various

20 state governments and the government of India on automotive sector issues and key policies for the growth and development of an industry that is widely regarded as an engine of growth for the economy. He takes keen interest in CSR programmes and has led important initiatives at Toyota Kirloskar Motor and now leads initiatives in Volkswagen India. Mr. Gupta also actively participates in various industry forums, including the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), Maharashtra State Council, the Executive Committee of the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacture, the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) and the Indo-German Chamber of Commerce (IGCC).

Mohan Guruswamy heads the Centre for Policy Alternatives, New Delhi, an independent and privately funded think tank. He is also a distinguished fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. He is the author of several books on policy issues, the latest being Chasing the Dragon: Will India Catch-up with China? A Harvard graduate, he is a frequent commentator on matters of current interest in the print and electronic media, and has held senior positions in government and industry.

Hans-Christian Hagman is a Senior Adviser to the Swedish State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

Suhasini Haidar is the diplomatic editor and deputy resident editor of The Hindu, based in Delhi. She writes regularly on India's international relations, and on events in the South Asian neighbourhood. Prior to this, Suhasini was the foreign editor at CNN-IBN and correspondent at CNN International. She tweets @suhasinih.

Nisid Hajari is the author of "Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition," winner of the 2016 Colby Prize. He oversees Asia commentary and editorials for Bloomberg View, the editorial board of Bloomberg News.

Ingrid Henick is the India practice lead at The Cohen Group, a Washington, D.C. business advisory firm founded by former US Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen. Ms. Henick has 20+ years of India-focused experience. Prior to joining The Cohen Group, Ms. Henick was a vice president at Barbour Griffith & Rogers International, where she helped lead the firm's India practice. Before that, she served as senior vice president for business

21 development at MphasiS Corporation. From 2001–2004, she served as the deputy executive director for the US–India Business Council at the US Chamber of Commerce. From 1998–2001, she was based in Jodhpur, Rajasthan as the director of procurement for the Foreside Company, a US home goods company. From 1993 to 1998, she was based in Washington, and later New Delhi, India as the marketing director for International Equity Partners.

Sunjoy Joshi is the Chairman of the Observer Research Foundation. During his career spanning over 25 years in the Indian Administrative Service, Sunjoy has gained experience across the conventional as well as non-conventional energy sectors. He has handled oil and gas exploration as Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and was the Government nominated Director on the Boards of ONGC, OVL, OIL and MRPL. Sunjoy headed the Madhya Pradesh Energy Development Agency as its Managing Director and served as Chairman of M.P. Windfarms.He has been Visiting Associate at the International Institute of Strategic Studies, London as well as Distinguished Visitor to the Programme on Energy and Sustainable Development, University of Stanford, USA.

Edgard Kagan served as deputy chief of mission of the US Embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 2014 to 2017. He served as deputy director of the US Mission to the UN's Washington Office from September 2013 to July 2014, helping represent US Permanent Representative to the UN Samantha Power in her capacity as a cabinet member, including regular participation in meetings of the National Security Council Deputies Committee. Mr. Kagan served as deputy assistant secretary in the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs from July 2012 to August 2013, where he oversaw US relations with Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. A Foreign Service officer since 1991, he previously served as director of Korean affairs, including serving as acting deputy assistant secretary for Japan and Korea from August 2011 to January 2012. Mr. Kagan served as economic and then political-economic counsellor at the US Embassy in Canberra, Australia, after having previously served at the US Embassies in Beijing; Tel Aviv; Budapest; and Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. His other Washington assignments have included working as a desk officer in the Office of Chinese and Mongolian Affairs as well as a tour as staff assistant to the director of policy planning. A 1989 graduate cum laude of Yale University, Mr. Kagan worked for the New York City Bureau of Bridges, 1989–1991, finishing as the director of fiscal and budget

22 in the operations division. He speaks French and Mandarin Chinese as well as some Hungarian and Spanish.

Amy Kazmin, an award-winning journalist, has written about Asia for The Financial Times for over 20 years. She spent eight years as The Financial Times' Bangkok-based regional correspondent, before being posted to India in 2008. In 2016, she took over as The Financial Times' South Asia bureau chief. A Californian, she was educated at UC Berkeley and the London School of Economics.

Rohan Khaunte is the minister of Goa's Revenue, IT and Labour and Employment Ministry. His Achievements, at a very young age, earned him the “Young Entrepreneur Award” bestowed by the then Governor of Goa, Late “Shri Kidarnath Sahay” in the Year 2003. The young MLA "in his first 100 days as a Revenue Minister" has initiated the transfer of tenancy cases from civil courts to mamlatdar courts. He supports digitalisation of various government departments and encourages the use of technology to increase the efficiency of government services.

Erik Laursen is the head of department and ambassador for Asia and Latin America at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Copenhagen. From 2010 to 2015, he was the deputy permanent representative and ambassador of the UN Mission of Denmark in New York.

Shivali Lawale is the director of the Symbiosis School of International Studies. Prior to this position, Ms. Lawle worked for over more than a decade at the United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Headquarters in Paris, France. She has worked in the capacity of programme specialist on two of the UN's priority programmes in education and international development: Education for All and Education for Sustainable Development. Ms. Lawale has an M.Phil. in International Cooperation in Education and Training from the Sorbonne University and an M.A. in International Relations from the prestigious Sciences Po, Paris. She also has an M.A. and M.Phil. in French studies from Pondicherry University.

Claudio Lilienfeld is Gilead Sciences' director of government affairs in the Asia Pacific. Previously, he was principal at the Podesta Group, advising clients on policy and

23 government affairs, was a senior Asia and international policy adviser at Google, and headed the South Asia practice at McLarty Associates, a strategic advisory firm. He spent over 20 years in the US Government, serving as Deputy Assistant/Acting Assistant US Trade Representative for South and Central Asia 2006 to 2010, and heading South Asia policy in the Office of the Secretary of Defense 1999 to 2006. From 1993 to 1999, he oversaw US defence policy for humanitarian operations. He has a B.A. in Geophysics and an M.A. in International Relations, both from the University of Chicago.

Lars-Olof Lindgren is the former ambassador of Sweden to India and served also as state secretary to the Prime Minister for International Affairs. Lars has served in Paris, Beijing and Brussels (EU).

Tanvi Madan is director of The India Project and a fellow in the Project on International Order and Strategy in the Foreign Policy programme at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C. Madan's work explores Indian foreign policy, focusing, in particular, on India's relations with China and the United States. She also researches the intersection between Indian energy policies and its foreign and security policies. Madan is currently completing work on a book, Fateful Triangle: How China Shaped U.S.-India Relations during the Cold War, as well as monographs on the Modi government's China policy, and on India's foreign policy diversification strategy. Previously, she was a Harrington doctoral fellow and teaching assistant at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin. She has also been a research analyst at the Brookings Institution, and worked in the Indian information technology industry. In addition to a Ph.D. from UT- Austin, Madan has an M.A. in International Relations from Yale University and a B.A. (Hons.) in History from Lady Shri Ram College, New Delhi.

Sonali Mittra is an associate fellow and programme coordinator at the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) in New Delhi. She is a former senior academy fellow of the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House), London. Her research interests include global governance strategies, water diplomacy and energy-water nexus. She co-edited the book Perspectives on Water – Constructing Alternative Narratives (published by the Academic Foundation in 2012). She is the principal investigator for the research report on “Collective Action for Achieving Water Security” and the World Bank project on documenting cases

24 on successful management of Transboundary Rivers in South Asia. She has authored several policy recommendation reports and academic papers on the Ganga and the Indus basin. She has also worked on the blue economy, South Asian connectivity, and disaster management in India and managed ORF's flagship projects such as the Asian Forum on Global Governance, BRICS Academic Forum and the Mekong-Ganga Dialogue.

Klas Molin is the ambassador designate to India (Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka). Klas was chief of protocol from 2015–2017 and previously served as head of the Department for Asia and the Pacific Region, and the Swedish ambassador in Bangkok. He has also served at the embassies in Washington and Bangkok, and the Permanent Mission of Sweden to the UN in New York.

Nikhil Pahwa is an entrepreneur, journalist, TED Fellow and an "Indian of Tomorrow." He founded MediaNama, a leading publication chronicling the growth of India's digital ecosystem in 2008. In 2015, he started the Savetheinternet.in campaign for Net Neutrality, which was the largest grassroots campaign in the history of India, with over a million people participating. He is also the co-founder of the Internet Freedom Foundation, which focuses on advocacy for an open internet in India. MediaNama was awarded as an Ecosystem Builder as a part of the "40 under 40" awards from Fortune Magazine in 2016.

Nitin Pai is co-founder and director of the Takshashila Institution, an independent centre for research and education in public policy. His current research covers the geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific and defence economics. Nitin spent over a decade working in the Singapore government in various capacities, including deregulation, broadband infrastructure development and strategic technology foresight. He graduated from Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy (National University of Singapore), Nanyang Technological University and National College, Bangalore.

Aparna Pande is director of the Initiative on the Future of India and South Asia at the Hudson Institute, Washington, Her major field of interest is South Asia with a special focus on India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Foreign and Security Policy. Aparna Pande's books include From Chanakya to Modi: The Evolution of India's Foreign Policy (Harper Collins, 2017), Explaining Pakistan's Foreign Policy: Escaping India (Routledge, 2010) and Contemporary Handbook on Pakistan (as editor) (Routledge, 2017). Born in India, Pande completed her

25 Ph.D. in Political Science at Boston University in the United States and received her bachelor's and master's degrees in history from St. Stephens College at Delhi University before receiving an M. Phil in International Relations from Jawaharlal Nehru University.

Harsh Pant is a distinguished fellow and head of strategic studies at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. He holds a joint appointment as professor of international relations in the Defense Studies Department and the India Institute at King's College London. He is also a non-resident fellow with the Wadhwani Chair in US–India policy studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C.

Siddharth Patel is Chief of Staff to Executive Director at Reliance Industries, where his primary role is to represent the Petrochemical division and support the team with daily operations and strategic planning initiatives. Prior to joining Reliance he founded and worked as Managing Director of Ecopower, where he introduced several ground-breaking (energy saving) technologies into India alongside networking with some of the leading minds in sustainable energy development. He has an MBA in Strategy and Leadership from Indian School of Business and was conferred the Young Leader Award, which is given to the top one percent of candidates demonstrating potential to effect change in the business world.

Ila Patnaik serves as a professor at the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy in New Delhi. Prior to this, she was the principal economic advisor to the Indian government. Other former positions include non-resident senior associate at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and regular columnist at The Indian Express. Dr. Patnaik served on various working groups and task forces of the Ministry of Finance, such as those on taxation of financial products, and those to create agencies, including the independent Public Debt Management Agency, the Resolution Corporation, the Financial Redress Agency and the Financial Data Management Centre. Her research on these topics has been published in scholarly journals such as the Journal of International Money and Finance, The World Bank Economic Review, International Finance, and in collected volumes.

Danielle Piatkiewicz is a programme coordinator for The German Marshall Fund of the United States' (GMF) Asia programme. In this role, she is responsible for managing and

26 coordinating the Asia programme's portfolio on US and EU relations with China, Japan and India on economic, trade, security and defence issues. She works on various leadership development projects at GMF including organizing the Young Professionals Summit at GMF's flagship event, the Brussels Forum and the Emerging Leaders programme at Atlantic Dialogues. She has worked on a range of topics including transatlantic relations, emerging economies, security, defence and international affairs. Previously, she worked as a programme assistant in GMF's Wider Atlantic program in Brussels and programme intern in Warsaw. Before joining GMF, she worked for the European Institute of Peace in Brussels (EIP) where she assisted with the logistical and operational set up of EIP as well as provided research and analysis on future peace mediation actors and regions. She holds an M.A. in international and political studies with a concentration in transatlantic studies from Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. She received her B.A. in political science with an emphasis in international relations and a minor in German studies from the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB).

Arun Prakash retired as India's 20th naval chief and chairman chiefs of staff at the end of 2006. An aviator by specialization, during his 40 year career, he commanded a carrier- borne fighter-squadron, a naval air station and four warships; including the aircraft-carrier INS Viraat. He has also logged over 2,500 hours in fighters, patrol aircraft and helicopters. In flag rank he commanded the Eastern Fleet, the National Defence Academy, the Andaman & Nicobar Joint Command and the Western Naval Command. On staff, he served as the head of the Aviation and Personnel Branches of the navy and as the vice chief of Naval Staff. During his tenure at the helm, the navy saw many initiatives being launched in the fields of doctrine, strategy, transformation and foreign maritime cooperation.

Peter Rimmele is currently the resident representative of Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Office in India. His previous positions include principal advisor for the Good Governance/Justice Program in Rwanda, the resident representative in Lebanon, and director of Rule of Law Program Middle East North Africa at Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. For seven years Rimmele served as the principal advisor for Governance Reform for GIZ (German International Cooperation) to the Ministry of Administrative Reform and the Anti-Corruption-Commission of the Republic of Indonesia. Before this, he served on behalf of the German Foreign Ministry in East Timor as registrar general, head of Civil

27 Registry and Notary Services (UNTAET). After working as a jurist, judge and lecturer, he took public office as Ministerialrat, head of division at the State Ministry of the Interior in Saxony, Germany, from November 1991 on until 2000. There he first served in the Police and Security and later in the Local Government Department. He has a First Law Degree from Freiburg University, as well as a Second Law Degree from the Ministry of Justice Baden-Württemberg, Germany and a M.A. in Geography.

Cecilia Ruthström-Ruin joined the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA) in 1993 and since September 2016, she has served as head of the Ministry's Department of Asia and the Pacific Region. She has served at the embassy in Tokyo and as the ambassador in Vilnius. At the MFA, she has worked on European and global security. She previously served as chief of the Terrorism Prevention Branch of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. She has a M.A. from Columbia University and Ph.D. from Lund University.

Varun Sahni is vice-chancellor of Goa University. He is also a professor in International Politics at Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi (currently on deputation leave). At JNU, Varun teaches international relations theory to M.A. and M.Phil. students and has supervised 17 Ph.D. theses so far. Since 2006, he speaks annually at the National Defence College (NDC), New Delhi. He also lectures at the Foreign Service Institute (FSI), Naval War College and Army War College. He has served as the 10th vice-chancellor of the University of Jammu, India. He was conferred the 2006 VKRV Rao Prize in Social Sciences. Earlier, he was junior research fellow in Politics and junior dean at Lincoln College, Oxford; resident fellow of the Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Contemporary Studies and reader in Latin American Politics at Goa University. He has also been visiting professor/fellow at important universities in Mexico City, Washington, and Canberra. An Inlaks Scholar, Varun wrote his doctoral dissertation on the politics of the Argentine Navy at the University of Oxford (1992).

Harald Sandberg was ambassador of Sweden to India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal, and Bhutan from 2012–17 and currently works as a consultant and advisor to Swedish industry. He previously served as Swedish ambassador to Indonesia (1998–2003), to East Timor (2002–03), and to South Korea (2003–05). He was also previously with the Swedish Embassy in Washington, and in the Swedish UN Mission in Geneva. In the Ministry for

28 Foreign Affairs in Stockholm, he has served as head of the department for the EU Internal Market & Trade Promotion and as director of Personnel for the Foreign Service. Harald headed up the Swedish response to the 2002 Bali bombing, and in 2006, he led the mission to evacuate Swedish citizens from war ravaged Lebanon. Ambassador Sandberg is a graduate of Uppsala University.

Samir Saran is the vice-president of the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. He spearheads ORF's outreach and business development activities. He curates Raisina Dialogue, India's annual flagship platform on geopolitics and geo-economic, and chairs CyFy, India's annual conference on cyber security and internet governance. Samir is a frequent commentator on issues of global governance (climate change and energy policy, global development architecture, cyber security and internet governance) and on India's foreign policy. He is featured regularly in Indian and international print and broadcast media. His academic publications include India's Climate Change Identity: Between Reality and Perception (Palgrave 2016); New Norms for a Digital Society (ORF Special Report, 2016); India's Contemporary Plurilateralism in Oxford University Press Handbook on India's Foreign Policy (2016); Navigating the Digital Trilemma in the latest CyFy Digital Debates, of which he is the editor; New Room to Manoeuvre: An Indian Approach to Climate Change (Global Policy–ORF Series, 2015); Attitudes to Water in South Asia (ORF–Chatham House report, 2014); and A Long Term Vision for BRICS, a comprehensive vision document submitted to the BRICS Think Tanks Council (2013). Samir's doctoral studies were on Indian attitudes towards climate change at the Global Sustainability Institute, UK. He has a Masters in media studies from the London School of Economics and Political Science, UK, and completed his electrical and electronics engineering degree from Manipal Institute of Technology, India. Samir is Commissioner, The Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace, and member of the South Asia advisory board of the World Economic Forum as well as part of its Global Future Council on Cybersecurity. He is Director of the Centre for Peace and Security at the Sardar Patel Police University, Jodhpur, India. Samir previously worked in the Indian private sector (1994 to 2008). He joined Reliance Industries Limited as a young engineer and served in various business sectors, including fibre and petrochemicals, power, telecom, retail and media. He rose to a leadership role within the Chairman's office, where he was tasked specifically with managing the regulatory and media affairs of the group companies.

29 Dhiraj Sareen was commissioned into the Indian Navy in Jul 1993. The Officer is a Navigation and Direction specialist and was the Operations officer from 1999 to 2003 for 4 frontline warships of the Indian Navy. The Officer has been the Executive Officer of a Missile Corvette and went on to command a Ballistic Missile Platform in 2013. The Officer is an alumni of the National Defence Academy, Defence Services Staff College and the Naval War College and holds an M.Phil. in Defence Studies and Strategic Affairs. He is also an alumni of the National Defence University, Washington. The Officer's research interests lie in the area of China's rise, Blockchain and Leadership Development on which he has written and published many papers, reports and assessments.

David Sedney is a senior associate (non-resident) at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. He was the acting president of the American University of Afghanistan, the deputy assistant secretary of Defense for Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia and deputy assistant secretary of defence for East Asia. Earlier, he served at U.S. embassies in China, Afghanistan and Azerbaijan and at the U.S. National Security Council.

Mihir Sharma is the India columnist for Bloomberg View and his book “Restart: The Last Chance for the Indian Economy” was published in 2015, to considerable critical acclaim; it won the Tata LitLive best Business Book of the Year and was longlisted for the Financial Times–McKinsey Business Book of the Year. From 2008, he edited and wrote a column for the opinion pages of The Indian Express and Business Standard, both based in New Delhi, and has won a Sriram Sanlam award for financial journalism. He was trained as an economist and political scientist in Delhi and in Boston. Mr. Sharma was born in Delhi, and grew up mainly in Bombay and Calcutta.

Kapil Sharma currently serves as vice president for government and public affairs, North America for Wipro. Based in Washington, D.C., the office represents Wipro issues before federal, state and local governments in the US and Canada including but not limited to Wipro's membership on various US and Canadian based public affairs organizations. Kapil also supports and leads Wipro's corporate social responsibility activities in the region. Kapil's previous experience also includes serving as senior counsel and legislative director to U.S. Senator Robert Torricelli (NJ) where he managed Senator Torricelli's

30 legislative, policy, and correspondence staff. He was also a legislative consultant to the law firm of Verner Liipfert Bernhard McPherson and Hand where he assisted in the management and representation of non-US clients before Congress, the Clinton Administration and Congress. From 1996 to 1998, Kapil served as a legislative assistant to Congressman Frank Pallone (NJ). While working for Congressman Pallone, among other duties, he assisted in the management of the Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans. Kapil also has extensive political and grassroots experience having consulted on numerous federal, state and local campaigns. He had managed an e-newsletter that provided daily coverage of US media on South Asia and South Asian Americans. Prior to leaving for India, Kapil served on several community advocacy and civil rights organizations, as well as student mentoring programme. Kapil received his J.D. from the Rutgers School of Law and his B.A. from Rutgers College, Rutgers University. He is also a member of the Maryland Bar Association.

Arun Singh has been affiliated with The German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) since completing his assignment as ambassador of India to the US in 2016. Earlier he had served as ambassador to France from 2013–15, and to Israel from 2005–08. In spring 2017, Ambassador Singh was diplomat in residence at the School of International Service of American University, teaching a course on US foreign policy in South Asia. He was also visiting faculty at the School of Advanced International studies (SAIS) of Johns Hopkins University, teaching a course on current global trends and challenges. During this period, he was invited as distinguished visiting fellow by Emory University, and Centre for Advanced Study of India (CASI) at University of Pennsylvania. Aside from intense interactions with students and faculty, he spoke at public platforms on US–India relations, Indian economic and technological trends, US foreign policy in South Asia, and diplomacy and statecraft. His other diplomatic assignments have included tours of duty in Soviet Union and later in Russia, Japan, Ethiopia, and in the Indian mission to the UN in New York. In the Ministry of External Affairs in New Delhi, he was involved for nearly a decade in the formulation and implementation of India's policies related to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran, including in the period following 9/11.

Shakti Sinha is presently the Chairman of South Asian Institute for Strategic Affairs (saisaonline.org), an upcoming think tank in Delhi. He writes and speaks on governance,

31 political economy, strategic affairs and on Afghanistan. Before joining Delhi Govt. in May 2012, he was chief secretary at Andaman and Nicobar Administration. Prior to this, Mr. Sinha worked with the UN Mission in Afghanistan for three years coordinating international support to the government on national development-strategy and governance issues. Mr. Sinha was private secretary to the Prime Minister, during the brief BJP government (May 1996) and again in the NDA government, from March 1998 to November 1999. In between he was the secretary to Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, the first time a senior civil servant held this post. He started his civil service career in 1979 when he was selected for the Indian Administrative Service.

Andrew Small is a senior transatlantic fellow with GMF's Asia Programme, which he established in 2006. His research focuses on US–China relations, Europe–China relations, Chinese policy in South Asia, and broader developments in China's foreign and economic policy. He was based in GMF's Brussels office for five years, and worked before that as the director of the Foreign Policy Centre's Beijing office, as a visiting fellow at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and an ESU scholar in the office of Senator Edward M. Kennedy. His articles and papers have been published in The New York Times, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, The Washington Quarterly, as well as many other journals, magazines, and newspapers. He is the author of the book “The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics” published with Hurst/Oxford University Press in 2015. Small was educated at Balliol College, University of Oxford.

Sharon Stirling is deputy director for GMF's Asia Programme. In this role, she coordinates the day-to-day running of the Programme and oversees its annual budget of more than a million dollars. Stirling manages GMF's Japan portfolio, which includes annual U.S.–Japan–Europe forums: the Trilateral Forum Tokyo and Japan Trilateral Forum, a renowned leadership development initiative for mid-career professionals from major democracies called the Young Strategists Forum, and high-level workshops and seminars in Brussels, Berlin, and Washington, D.C. She also manages GMF's developing portfolio of work on Southeast Asia, including the Southeast Asia Trilateral Forum, and oversees research products on transatlantic cooperation on a rising Asia. Prior to joining GMF, she was a TV news producer for NHK, Japan's public broadcasting organisation. Serving at NHK's bureau in Washington, her assignments included the US State

32 Department, the 2008 presidential election, and the 2008 global financial crisis. Stirling was born in the Philippines, spent 10 years in Japan, four years in Taiwan, and a year in China and has travelled extensively in Asia. She graduated magna cum laude from Georgetown's School of Foreign Service.

Amy Studdart is a fellow with The German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) where she leads the organisation's programming on technology. She worked with the executive communications team at Facebook on a project interrogating the social, economic, and political implications of the company's mission to connect the world. She was deputy director and fellow of the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C., where she ran a series of programmes focused on 21st century economic statecraft and the evolution of the global economic order. She worked in Brussels from 2008 to 2014,, first at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where she helped to establish their Europe office, and then at GMF, where she managed the Stockholm China Forum. She has published and spoken on technology's impact on politics and economics, political economy, the liberal international order, China and the European Union.

Rupa Subramanya is an independent researcher and economist based in Mumbai, India. She's written for publications such as the Wall Street Journal, The Globe and Mail, and Foreign Policy. She is co-author of, Indian mix: Making Sense of Modern India (Random House, 2012).

Robin Sukhia has worked with India since 1996 and currently advises companies and government institutions in their India-related work. He has held board positions in India and Sweden and since 2005, holds the position of secretary general and president of the Sweden-India Business Council (SIBC). In 2016, Mr. Sukhia was appointed by the Wallenberg Foundation to be the secretariat to ISBLRT - India Sweden Business Leaders' Roundtable consisting of owners, chairmen and CEOs of the 30 largest companies in Sweden. He has also been the global business development adviser at Risk Mitigation firm Vesper Group, where he continues to hold an advisory position. Through a Swedish Venture Capital firm, he was one of the pioneers in northern Europe to invest into India. Mr. Sukhia holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from the State

33 University of New York and briefly studied at Uppsala University's renowned Institution for Peace and Conflict Studies.

Ulrika Sundberg is a Swedish diplomat, who currently acts as the consul general of Sweden in Mumbai. She alternated between foreign postings and positions at the headquarters. She was second secretary in the Swedish Embassy to Peru and Bolivia in 1990; second secretary UN Finances in the Swedish Permanent Mission to the United Nations in 1992; vice-consul and legal adviser of the Swedish Consulate General to the USA in New York in 1994. She holds a master's degree in Law with substantial experience in the field of diplomacy. Ambassador Sundberg began her diplomatic career in 1989.

Pavel Svítil has served as a policy officer in the European External Action Service responsible for India, Bhutan and regional issues since 2014. From 2010–14, he served as deputy head of the Delegation of the European Union to India and Bhutan after joining the European Commission in 2010. He previously worked in the Czech Ministry, where he dealt with the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU (as Acting Secretary of the Czech Negotiating Team), Western Balkans (as Czech National Coordinator of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe and Member of the Governing Board of European Agency for Reconstruction), South Eastern Europe and the EU enlargement policy. He started his professional career at the Czechoslovak Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1985. As a Czech Diplomat, he served in Poland, Slovenia and Cyprus. Pavel Svitil holds a doctoral degree in international relations and speaks English, French, Polish and Russian.

Manish Tewari is a practising lawyer in the Supreme Court of India with experience in providing legal advice about telecom, information technology, print and electronic media, company law, and laws relating to hydrocarbons and intermediate and renewable energy sources. Mr. Tewari is also secretary of the Foreign Affairs Department of the Indian National Congress (INC) and the National Spokesperson of the INC. In 2012, he served as Union Minister of State Information and Broadcasting. In 2009, he was elected to Indian Parliament (Lok Sabh) as a Minister of Punjab from Ludhiana. From 2009 to 2014, Mr. Tewari was a Member/Special Invitee of the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, the Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary affairs, and the Cabinet Committee on Investments. During his time in Parliament, he was also a member of the Parliamentary Standing

34 Committees of External Affairs, Law and Justice, and Defense as well as the Parliamentary Consultative Committees of the Ministries of Defense and Law and Justice.

Friederike Tschampa is head of Political Affairs at the Delegation of the European Union to India, covering India's regional and international policies, EU–India relations including political and security cooperation as well as high-level visits and meetings. In earlier assignments, Tschampa handled United Nations and Asian human rights issues in the European External Action Service's Global and Multilateral Department as well as, previously in the Council of the European Union, Asia regional affairs and the coordination of the Political and Security Committee. On posting in New York from 2008 until 2012, Tschampa covered political affairs, peacekeeping, human rights andrule-of-law matters, contributing also to building the EU's new role at the United Nations following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. Prior to joining the EU civil service, Tschampa worked for the German Ministry for International Cooperation in Berlin, international organisations in Sarajevo/Bosnia, and the German Mission to the United Nations in Geneva.

Daniel Twining joined the International Republican Institute (IRI) as president in September 2017, where he leads the Institute's mission to advance democracy and freedom around the world. He leads IRI's team of nearly 400 global experts to link people and governments, motivate people to engage in the political process, and guide politicians and government officials to be responsive to citizens. Previously, he served as counsellor and director of the Asia Program at The German Marshall Fund of the United States. Prior to GMF, Twining served as a member of the US Secretary of State's Policy Planning Staff, as the foreign policy adviser to US Senator John McCain, and as a staff member of the US Trade Representative. He has taught at Georgetown University and served as a military instructor associated with the Naval Postgraduate School. He has been a columnist for Foreign Policy and the Nikkei Asian Review and served as an adviser to six presidential campaigns.

Constantino Xavier is a fellow at Carnegie India, based in New Delhi. His research focus is on India's foreign policy, with emphasis on relations with its neighbouring countries and South Asian regional security. Previously, he worked at the Brookings Institution, in Washington, D.C., as a media correspondent in South Asia, and as an adviser to the

35 Embassy of Portugal in New Delhi during the presidency of the European Union. He contributed to the Oxford Handbook of Indian Foreign Policy (2015) and his comments on South Asian strategic affairs have been published in Foreign Policy, The National Interest, and various academic journals and media outlets. He holds a Ph.D. in South Asian studies from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies.

Eric Zimmerman provides leadership and service to faculty, staff and students, assisting in implementing policy and decisions of the IDC academic and governing committees. In 2006, he was appointed academic secretary and director of research at IDC Herzliya, establishing the Academic Affairs, Internationalisation and Research Support Offices at IDC Herzliya. Dr. Zimmerman is a Doctor of Philosophy in Information Science and received his Ph.D. from Bar-Ilan University.

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