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Enhancing Safety, Security and Sustainability of Apia Port: Due
Due Diligence Report Project Number: 47358-002 May 2019 SAM: Enhancing Safety, Security and Sustainability of Apia Port Project (Grant xxxx) Prepared by the Samoa Ports Authority for the Asian Development Bank. This due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgements as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Enhancing Safety, Security and Sustainability of Apia Port – Social and Poverty Assessment Report CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 4 April 2016) Tala – Samoan Tala (SAT) = $1.00 = ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank AUA - Apia Urban Area DDR - Due Diligence Report EA - Executing Agency EMP - Environmental Management Plan EPA - Environmental Protection Agency GOS - Government of the Samoa GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism HIES - Household Income and Expenditures Survey IA - Implementing Agency IP - Indigenous People IR - Involuntary Resettlement MNRE - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOF - Ministry of Finance MOR - Ministry of Revenue PIC - Pacific Island Countries PUMA - Planning and Urban Management Authority RP - Resettlement Plan SPA - Samoa Ports Authority -
The Political, Security, and Climate Landscape in Oceania
The Political, Security, and Climate Landscape in Oceania Prepared for the US Department of Defense’s Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance May 2020 Written by: Jonah Bhide Grace Frazor Charlotte Gorman Claire Huitt Christopher Zimmer Under the supervision of Dr. Joshua Busby 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 United States 8 Oceania 22 China 30 Australia 41 New Zealand 48 France 53 Japan 61 Policy Recommendations for US Government 66 3 Executive Summary Research Question The current strategic landscape in Oceania comprises a variety of complex and cross-cutting themes. The most salient of which is climate change and its impact on multilateral political networks, the security and resilience of governments, sustainable development, and geopolitical competition. These challenges pose both opportunities and threats to each regionally-invested government, including the United States — a power present in the region since the Second World War. This report sets out to answer the following questions: what are the current state of international affairs, complexities, risks, and potential opportunities regarding climate security issues and geostrategic competition in Oceania? And, what policy recommendations and approaches should the US government explore to improve its regional standing and secure its national interests? The report serves as a primer to explain and analyze the region’s state of affairs, and to discuss possible ways forward for the US government. Given that we conducted research from August 2019 through May 2020, the global health crisis caused by the novel coronavirus added additional challenges like cancelling fieldwork travel. However, the pandemic has factored into some of the analysis in this report to offer a first look at what new opportunities and perils the United States will face in this space. -
Anadara Fishing Supports Urban Households in Tarawa, Kiribati and Suva, Fiji Lilian Fay,1 Veikila Vuki,2 Samasoni Sauni3 and Temakei Tebano4
SPC Women in Fisheries Information Bulletin #17 – December 2007 19 Anadara fishing supports urban households in Tarawa, Kiribati and Suva, Fiji Lilian Fay,1 Veikila Vuki,2 Samasoni Sauni3 and Temakei Tebano4 Introduction two countries, the extent to which women in urban areas support their families through subsistence Women dominate the subsistence fisheries sector use and alternative means of earning income, were throughout the Pacific Islands region (Mathews also examined. 1993). In recent years, women’s fishing activities have changed from subsistence-oriented to semi- Study areas commercially focused fisheries (Vunisea 1997). This shift in fishing practices has been influenced Tarawa, Kiribati primarily by monetary needs generated by overall modernisation and by corresponding changes in South Tarawa comprises the islets along the south- lifestyle and diet. ern rim of the atoll, all of which are inter-connected by causeways, allowing easy commuting between Women’s participation in inshore fisheries activi- communities and employment opportunities in the ties in Pacific Island states, contribute significantly main urban centres of Bairiki and Betio. Tarawa’s to food security and small-scale income generation very large population is directly or indirectly de- for households. Many Pacific Island countries rely pendent on coastal marine resources. Anadara in on nearshore marine resources to feed their fami- this case is one of the more accessible resources for lies. Marine invertebrates, such as shellfish, form a women and households. significant portion of women’s catch (Keough et al. 1993). Shellfish, especially ark shells (Anadara spp.), The islets on Tarawa are fronted by a largely inter- are an example of a species that is often harvested tidal reef platform (a few hundred meters wide) on because it is found in intertidal areas where women the ocean side, and a wide sand flat on the lagoonal fish. -
Norfolk Island Review of the Annual Reports of the Department of Transport and Regional Services and the Department of the Environment and Heritage
The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia Norfolk Island Review of the Annual Reports of the Department of Transport and Regional Services and the Department of the Environment and Heritage Joint Standing Committee on the National Capital and External Territories July 2004 Canberra © Commonwealth of Australia 2004 ISBN 0 642 78480 9 Contents Foreword................................................................................................................................................... vi 40th Parliament .......................................................................................................................................viii Membership of the Committee................................................................................................................viii Terms of reference................................................................................................................................... ix List of abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. x List of recommendations.......................................................................................................................... xi 1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 1 The Purpose of the Inquiry............................................................................................................1 The Role of the Committee............................................................................................................3 -
Current and Future Climate of the Fiji Islands
Rotuma eef a R Se at re Ahau G p u ro G a w a Vanua Levu s Bligh Water Taveuni N a o Y r th er Koro n La u G ro Koro Sea up Nadi Viti Levu SUVA Ono-i-lau S ou th er n L Kadavu au Gr South Pacific Ocean oup Current and future climate of the Fiji Islands > Fiji Meteorological Service > Australian Bureau of Meteorology > Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Fiji’s current climate Across Fiji the annual average temperature is between 20-27°C. Changes Fiji’s climate is also influenced by the in the temperature from season to season are relatively small and strongly trade winds, which blow from the tied to changes in the surrounding ocean temperature. east or south-east. The trade winds bring moisture onshore causing heavy Around the coast, the average night- activity. It extends across the South showers in the mountain regions. time temperatures can be as low Pacific Ocean from the Solomon Fiji’s climate varies considerably as 18°C and the average maximum Islands to east of the Cook Islands from year to year due to the El Niño- day-time temperatures can be as with its southern edge usually lying Southern Oscillation. This is a natural high as 32°C. In the central parts near Fiji (Figure 2). climate pattern that occurs across of the main islands, average night- Rainfall across Fiji can be highly the tropical Pacific Ocean and affects time temperatures can be as low as variable. On Fiji’s two main islands, weather around the world. -
Enhancing Access to Submarine Cable for Pacific Suva, Fiji July 31
ITU/PITA Workshop Enhancing access to Submarine Cable for Pacific Suva, Fiji July 31 – August 3 Where is Marshall Islands Atolls, Islands & Isles Geography Overview Area: about 1000 miles wide Land area: 70.0 m^2 Above sea level: 2-3 meters Atolls: 29 atolls Island: 5 small islands Isles: Over 200 isles Capital: Majuro Coordinates: Latitude – 7.08 deg N, Long – 171.37 deg E Demography 1999 census, Total population was 50,840 POP growth rate is 1.5% Recent estimates is 60,000 70% of population lives in Urban centers - est Majuro Ebeye 10% of population out migrated (US) - est 20% lives in the remote outer islands - est 0 – 14 years: 50% of the population 15 – 64 years: 48% of the population 65 year and over: 2% of the population Market Overview 30% of population is economically active (FY 2007 est) 50% of economically active are employed (FY 2007 est) Majority of the population live by subsistence living 99% of the remote outer island live by subsistence living GNDI per capita: US$ 4,100 (FY2007) Gini – coefficient: 0.54 Average income per person – urban centers: US$ 4.38 per day Average cost of living per day – urban centers: US$3.75 per day Average disposable income per person – urban center: US$ 0.63 Average Remote outer Island income per person: almost zero dollar per day Telecommunications Services Footprint Urban centers GSM sites Tele-Center DAMA sites Core Network Infrastructure Fiber Optic Submarine Cable: Micronesian cable system • Majuro • Ebeye Satellite Network • Majuro • Ebeye • Outer Islands Terrestrial -
SPX Schedule EB
South Pacific Express Connection Schedule EASTBOUND SAILINGS September 2021 - December 2021 Connecting the South Pacific with the US September 21, 2021 Origin Vessel | Auckland | Nuku'alofa | Lautoka | Suva Eastbound Sailings │Papeete | Pago Pago │ Apia │ Nukualofa | Honolulu │ US West Coast Origin Vessel Auckland Nukualofa Lautoka Suva Apia Arrivals Papeete Pago Pago Apia Long Beach Oakland Honolulu Manoa 444W Imua 106 Arkadia 531 Sailed 9/15 Sailed 9/20 Wed, 22-Sep Thu, 23-Sep Tue, 28-Sep Fri, 24-Sep Thu, 30-Sep Wed, 29-Sep Thu, 14-Oct Sat, 16-Oct Sat, 23-Oct Manoa 445W Olomana 134 Cap Salia 967 Mon, 27-Sep Sun, 3-Oct Omit Tue, 5-Oct Sun, 10-Oct Mon, 11-Oct Sat, 16-Oct Sat, 16-Oct Sat, 30-Oct Mon, 1-Nov Sat, 6-Nov R J Pfeiffer 486W Imua 107 Arkadia 532 Wed, 13-Oct Tue, 19-Oct Thu, 21-Oct Fri, 22-Oct Wed, 27-Oct Wed, 27-Oct Tue, 2-Nov Mon, 1-Nov Tue, 16-Nov Thu, 18-Nov Sat, 27-Nov Olomana 135 Cap Salia 968 Wed, 27-Oct Tue, 2-Nov Omit Thu, 4-Nov Tue, 9-Nov Fri, 12-Nov Wed, 17-Nov Wed, 17-Nov Thu, 2-Dec Sat, 4-Dec Imua 108 Arkadia 533 Wed, 17-Nov Tue, 23-Nov Thu, 25-Nov Fri, 26-Nov Wed, 1-Dec Mon, 29-Nov Sat, 4-Dec Sat, 4-Dec Sun, 19-Dec Tue, 21-Dec 1 Agents and Offices U.S. Ports Pago Pago, American Samoa Papeete, Tahiti Matson Customer Service Center Molida Shipping Agency, Ltd Papeete Seairland Transports Tel: 1-866-662-4826 Tel: (684) 633-2777 Tel: (689) 40549700 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Apia, Samoa Nukualofa, Tonga Christmas Island Molida Shipping Agency, Ltd. -
An Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security in the Pacific
SUB-REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE PACIFIC ISLANDS An Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security in the Pacific A Case Study in the Republic of the Marshall Islands Prepared by: Muliagatele Joe Reti FAO Consultant February 2008 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN THE PACIFIC A CASE STUDY IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS Prepared for FAO SAPA By Muliagatele Joe Reti Pacific Environment Consultants Limited (PECL) Apia, Samoa February 2008 1 Table of content Acronyms and Abbreviations 3 Executive Summary 4 Summary of Recommendations 6 Map of the Marshall Islands 7 Introduction 8 Physical and natural environment of the Marshall Islands 8 Social and cultural setting 12 Economy 15 The Agriculture Sector in the Marshall Islands 18 Climate change – its significance to the Pacific islands 22 Climate change scenario in the Marshall Islands 24 The likely impact of climate change on agriculture in the Marshall Islands 26 Typology of likely impacts 28 Other factors contributing to the vulnerability of the agriculture sector 30 Climate change related activities of other Organizations in the Marshall Islands 32 Existing Institutional Mechanisms and Policies 35 National Strategy to mitigate and adapt to climate change 40 Success stories and lessons 43 Recommendations – General 45 Conclusions 47 Annexes 49 Bibliography 56 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone NEMS National Environment Management Strategy -
Our Sea of Islands Our Livelihoods Our Oceania
Status and potential of locally-managed marine areas in the South Pacific: meeting natureOur conservation Sea of and Islands sustainable livelihood targets throughOur wide-spread Livelihoods implementation of LMMAs Our Oceania Framework for a Pacific Oceanscape: a catalyst for implementation of ocean policy Cristelle Pratt and Hugh Govan November 2010 This document was compiled by Cristelle Pratt and Hugh Govan. Part Two of the document was also reviewed by Andrew Smith, Annie Wheeler, Anthony Talouli, Bernard O’Callaghan, Carole Martinez, Caroline Vieux, Catherine Siota, Colleen Corrigan, Coral Pasisi, David Sheppard, Etika Rupeni, Greg Sherley, Jackie Thomas, Jeff Kinch, Kosi Latu, Lindsay Chapman, Maxine Anjiga, Modi Pontio, Olivier Tyack, Padma Lal, Pam Seeto, Paul Anderson, Paul Lokani, Randy Thaman, Samasoni Sauni, Sandeep Singh, Scott Radway, Sue Taei, Tagaloa Cooper, and Taholo Kami at the 2nd Marine Sector Working Group Meeting held in Apia, Samoa, 5–7 April 2010. Photography © Stuart Chape TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE – Toward a Framework for a Pacific Oceanscape: A Policy Analysis 5 1.0 Introduction 7 2.0 Context and scope for a Pacific Oceanscape Framework 9 3.0 Instruments – our ocean policy environment 11 3.1 Pacific Plan and Pacific Forum Leaders communiqués 15 3.2 The Pacific Islands Regional Oceans Policy (PIROP) 18 3.3 Synergies with PIROP 18 3.3.1 Relevant international and regional instruments and arrangements 18 3.3.2 Relevant national and non-governmental initiatives 20 4.0 Institutional Framework for Pacific Islands -
CLIMATE Norfolk Island Is Characterised by a Pleasant Maritime Climate
MAP OF NORFOLK ISLAND TO BE INSERTED HERE BY PRINTER CLIMATE Norfolk Island is characterised by a pleasant maritime climate. Daily and annual temperature ranges are small, particularly compared with the continental climate of the Australian mainland. Humidity is generally high, although it can drop to quite low levels, particularly in winds from the southern quarter. The climate of the Island is principally affected by the belt of high-pressure systems which oscillate north and south over the Island annually. These anticyclones are separated by depressions of varying intensity, with cold fronts affecting the Island to the greatest extent during the winter. The average morning temperatures range from 22° in February to 16° in the winter months of July and August. The daily range of temperatures averages about 6°c over the whole year. Rainfall is greatest during the four months from May to August, with monthly averages of about 140mm to 150mm. Minimum monthly rainfall, averaging about 17mm to 90mm, occurs from November to January. The annual mean rainfall is 1328mm. CONTENTS CLIMATE .................................................................................................................................................................2 CONTENTS ..............................................................................................................................................................3 TENTH NORFOLK ISLAND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY ....................................................................7 ADMINISTRATION OF -
Pacific Island Populations
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS / MID-YEAR POPULATION ESTIMATE / VITAL STATISTICS / POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS / ESTIMATION DE LA POPULATION EN CARACTÉRISTIQUES DE LA POPULATION STATISTIQUES VITALES CARACTÉRISTIQUES DE LA POPULATION MILIEU D’ANNÉE Crude Crude Crude Net Annual Estimated Average Land area Urban Dependency Teenage Fertility Population Average Birth Rate a Death Rate a Migration Growth Rate Annual Growth Rate b Median e Infant Mortality Rate COUNTRY/TERRITORY (km²) Last Density population at Annual Sex Ratio c Ratio Total Fertility Rate Rate f (15–19) COUNTRY/TERRITORY count at last Household (‰) (‰) Rate (‰) (%) (%) Age d (IMR, ‰) g Life Expectancy at Birth h population (persons/ last census (%) Intercensal (15–59) (TFR) 2 Size PAYS / TERRITOIRE Superficie census km ) Growth Rate 2020 2030 2050 PAYS / TERRITOIRE census Rapport de Rapport de Indice synthétique Fécondité des h (km²) Population Tx brut de Tx brut de Tx brut de Tx de Estimation du tx de c Âges f Tx de mortalité Espérance de vie à la naissance Taille a a b masculinité d e adolescentes Population Densité urbaine Tx annuel de natalité mortalité migration croissance croissance annuel médian dépendance de fécondité (ISF) infantile (TMI, ‰) g Dernier moyenne (15–19) au dernier (habitants/ au dernier croissance (‰) (‰) nette (‰) annuel (%) (%) (15–59) recensement des recensement km2) recensement intercensitaire TFR Year Year IMR Year Males Females Year ménages Total Total Total 2020 2020–30 2030–50 2020 % (%) ISF Année Année TMI Année Hommes Femmes Année MELANESIA 540,260 -
Norfolk Island Tourism
The Norfolk ISLANDER “Your Community Newspaper for more than 40 Years” FOUNDED 1965 Successors to - The Norfolk Island Pioneer c. 1885 The Weekly News c 1932 : The Norfolk Island Monthly News c. 1933 The N.I. Times c. 1935 : Norfolk Island Weekly c. 1943 : N.I.N.E. c. 1949 : W.I.N. c. 1951 Norfolk News c. 1965 Volume 42, No. 35 SATURDAY, 25th AUGUST 2007 Price $2.75 incl GST Tourism Plan 2007 to 2012 launched About 50 people from the Norfolk Island community Did you see it? attended a presentation on Thursday about the new These spectacular shots of Tuesday evening’s Tourism Plan for Norfolk Island. The meeting was eclipse were taken by Joe Edwards and show different also attended by Acting Administrator Owen Walsh, aspects of the eclipse which occurred around 10.07pm. Chief Minister Andre Nobbs, and MLAs Vicki Jack, Lunar eclipses occur twice yearly, but they can’t be Lisle Snell and Ian Anderson. seen from everywhere on Earth. Norfolk star-gazers The new tourism plan has been designed to address must be some of the luckiest as we can go to many of a number of the key issues for our tourism industry. the vantage points on the island and get a clear view (continued overleaf) in any direction. Silver for Norfolk at the South Pacific Games! Pictured are our Silver medal winners who won their medals in the Shooting teams event - Andrew Barnett, Basil Vercoe and Clinton Judd along with Gold medal winners New Caledonia and Tahiti who won the Bronze.