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Edaphelogia, Ne,70: 21-32, August 28, 2002 21

TheEast Asian Species of the Genus Roger,

1862 (: Formicidae: )

Mamoru TERAyAMAL, John R. FELLowEs' and Shanyi ZHou'

i2-12-29, IVdka-cho, lwatsscki, Saitama, 339-O054 Jbpan iKodoorie FZirm and Botanic Ganten, Lam Kdm Roaa 7kii Po, New ferritories, Hong Kbng, China 'Department cV'Biotosy, Guangxi Nb'nnat University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004 China

Received: 14 April 2002; Accepted: 4 Ju]y 2oo2

Abstract The East Asian species of the ant genus Acropyga RoGER, 1g62, are revised, Ten species are recognized of which three are new to science: one species belengs to the subgenus Acropyga, six species te Rhizomynna, and three species to Atqpodon. Acrqpyga (Rhizomyrma) guangxiensis sp. nov. is characterized by the mandible with four teeth, the distinctly incised metanotal dorsum, and the small eye consisting of single facet. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) septemstruma sp. nov. is characterized by thc antenna with seven articles, the absence of eyes, and the small body size (tota1 length 1 ,3 mm), Acmpyga (Rhizomytwna) yunnanensis sp. nov. most resemb:es A. sttangxiensis sp. nov., but is separated from the latter by the very weakly incised metanotal dorsum and the eye consisting of four facets. Acropyga acutiventris RoGER is recorded from China for the first time, A key to the East Asian species is presented.

Key words: Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aerqpryga, diagnostic characters

Recently, we have examined 125 specimens, including Introduction the types, of the Acropyga from various r.egions of ･East The genus Ac,epyga RoGER, 1862, is represented by 58 Asia. After careful examinatien, we recognized ten

extant species. According to BoLToN (1995), those are species and found that three of them are new to science

distributed in the Neotropical (27 spp.), the Indo- and one is new to the East Asian fauna. In this paper, we Australian (15 spp.), and the Oriental (8 spp,) Regions, revise the genus Acrzv)yga of East Asia, and a few in the Ethiopian (3 spp,), the Palaearctic (2 The following abbreviations fbr morphomeuic charac-

spp.), the Nearctic (l sp.), and the Australasian (2 spp.) ters are used.

Regions, Six species have been known from East Asia: A. HL, head length: maximum fu11 face view length frem the

nimponensis TERAyAMA, 1985, A. yaeyamensis TERAYAMA anteriormost. margin of clypeus to the occipital margin of and HAsHiMoTo, 1996, and A, kinomurai TERAyAMA and head.HW,

HAsHIMoTo, 1996, from Japan; A. sauteri FoREL, 1912, head width: maximum full face view distance across

from Japan and China; A. baoduoensis TERAyAMA, 1985, head excluding eyes.

from Taiwan island in China; A. jiangxiensis WANG and SL, scape length: length of scape excluding radicle, Wu, 1992, from southem China. CI, cephalic index: HW x 100fHL.

Acmpyga engages in trophobietic associations with SI, scape index: SL x 100/HW. myrmecophile (Homoptera) of the subfamily WL, Weber's length of alitrunk: maximum diagonal Rhizoechinae (SILvEsTRI 1926, 1927; WiLuAMs 1978, distance from the base of anterior slope of pronotum to 1998; TERAyAMA l988). Honeydew provided by these the propodeal lobe.

is a major food source for the ants, The mealybugs PL, petiolar scale length: maximum length of petiolar

live within the subterranean ant nests, where they are scale in lateral view.

protected by the ants. They feed by sucking sap from the PH, petiole height: maximum height of petiole in lateral rootlets of plants accessible there (NIxoN 1951; WAy view, measured perpendicularly from apex of petiolar 1963; BuscmNGER et al. 1987; TERAyAMA 1988). node to venter of petiole.

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22 M, Terayama et al,

TL, total body leng,th: outstretched length from the Key to the East Asian Species of Acmpyga

mandibular apex to the gastral apex. (worker) The fo11owing abbreviation of institutions are also

used: ICKH, the Collection, Kadoorie Farm and 1. Eye large, consisting of more than 20 facets......

･Botanic Garden, , China; ISYC, the Insect .,..,...... ,,...,...,.....,.A (Acrqpyga) acutiventris RoqER

Collection, Faculty of Resources, Southwest Forestry -. Eye smal1, consisting of less than 5 facets,,..,...,..,,,,..,2

College, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; MNHA, 2. Mandible with 3 or 4 teeth; basalmost tooth triangular,

Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Japan; with acute apex (Figs. 12, 18),",,,.H,.","H,,H,------･･-3 NIAES, National Institute of Agro-Enyironrnental -. Mandible with 5 teeth; basalmost tooth tmncate Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan; RFBC, Research Institute of apically (Figs. 28, 31).,,..,".,-,,"",".,"",,",,-,".,,,-,.8

Forestry, Beijing, China, 3. Antenna consisting of 7 articles; eye absent,..,,,.,.,..,,..,

･J･･･-･･･J･J････････AJ (Rhizonryrma) sqptemstruma sp. nov, -. Genus Acrqpyga ROGER Antenna consisting of more than 9 anicles; eye present -･m,,,",mH,H,,m.,".,NH,,-,,",.",,,",,"",.,.,-,,-,".,HH,,.,,4

Acropyga RpGER, 1862: 242. [Type species: Acropyga 4. Mandible with 3 teeth (Fig. 12):-ii--i･･･-･･･-i･-･･i-s･i･･･i･･･s･･･s acutiventris RoGER, 1862] ,.,.,,,..,,,.,.,...,.,,.,,..,...A, (Rhizomyrma) sauteri FoREL -. Diagnosis. Workers: small formicine ants. Total length Mandible with 4 teeth (Figs. 15, 18),...,...,..,,.,,,,.,.,,.,,.5 of workers less than 4 mm. Antenna with seven to 11 S. Head distinctly wider than long..,,,...,...,...･･･J････････J･････-･･

articles, Eye small, its maximum diameter smaller than ,,..,,,.,.,..,,,,..,A, (Rhizomyrma) kinomutui TERAyAMA t.: ,'.,i.maximum width of antennal scape (with a few excep- and HASHIMOTO tions), or absent. Ocelri lacking in worker, Maxillary Head longer than wide or as rong as wide.,..,,,...,..,,..,6

palpus 1-3 segmented and labial one 3-5. Alitrunk 6. Antenna consisting of 10 anicles; mesonotal dorsum compact, and short in preferring to head and gaster; strongly convex in profile (Fig. 19)･･s･-･･.･･･-･･･Ji･iJJ･ss･･･ metanotal groove shallow; propodeum short, Propodeal ..,,.,,.,...,.A. (Rhizoaynna) yaayamensis TERAyAMA spiracles 1arge and oval, Petiole scale-like, thin and low, and HAsHIMOTO -. Gaster disproponionately large. Body cQlor yellow to Antenna consisting of more than 10 articles; mesonotal yellowish brown. dorsum weakly convex in profile (Fig. 22) ...... 7 ･7;TEye･ "e'f"siirigle'"facet;･"fnetano' Remarks. The genus has been divided into'four consistirfg tum' di'stih'c' tlY subgenera, Acropyga RoGER, 1862, Atqpodon FoREL, incised dorsally (Fig. 6)-,,-,"--･･･-･-････--･----･･･-･-･･-･ 1912, Rhizonryrma FoREL, 1893, and Mblaconrynna ...... ,,..,,,...,..,.,,A. (Rhizomyrma) guanxiensis sp, nov, -. EMERy, 1922. Acmpyga is characterized by the antenna Eye consisting of 4 facets; metanotum very weakly with 11 articles and the mandible with five triangular incised dorsally (Fig. 22)".."..H.HH..H..m..H.."..-"..-. teeth, and is distributed in the Oriental and the Australian .,.,.,..,,,,,.,...,,..A, (Rhizomynna) yunnanensis sp. nov. Regions. Atopodon has also the antenna with 11 articles 8. Propodeum in profile without distinct dorsal surface; and the five-toothed rnandible, but the basal tooth is posterolateral margin convex, not forming angle tmncate, and is disnibuted in the Oriental, the Australian, (Fig. 34),,,",.-,.,,,,,-,m,,,m,-,,-,".",-,,,,",.",",,,,H,".,.- and the Palaearctic Regions, Rhizonryrma is characterized ..,,..,....,,.A. (Atopodon) jiangxiensis WANG and Wu -, by the antenna with seven to 11 articles and three- or Propodeum in profile with distinct, near-horizontal four-toothed mandible, and is mostly disuibuted in the dorsal surface; posterolateral margin foming dull Neotropical, the Oriental and the Austraiian Regions, and angle (Fig, 33)",,",,.,-,-.,-,,..,,,.",".,,,-,,H...."."..H.."9 a few in the Palaearctic and the Nearctic Regions. 9. Head in fu11 face view with paralell sides; petiolar scale Mblacomyrma has the antenna with 1l articles in which in profile thick, with obtusely angulate dorsal margin the terminal article is rernarkably long and five-toothed .,...,..,.....,...... A. (Atopodon) nipponensis TERAyAMA -, mandible, and is disuibuted in the Ethiopian Region. Head in fu11 face view with slightly convex sides; Three subgenera, Acmpyga, Rhizomynna and Atopodon, petiolar scale in profile thin, with acutely angulate are known from East Asia, - dorsalmargink.,H.."-.,"..,.-,"･.--･-J･-･･--･･-･･-･--･･-･- .....,..,,.,..,...,.A. (Atopodon) baoduoensis TERAyAMA

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East Asian Species of Acropyga 23

Acropyga (Acropyga) acutiventris RoGER Ng Tung Chai, West Central New Tenitories, 12. xi,

(Figs. 1-3) 1996, J. R. FELLowEs leg.; 1 worker, Green I,, 30. viii,

1993, M. LAu leg,; 3 workers, Victoria Park, 7, xi. 1993,

Acropyga acutiventris RoGER, 1862: 243. M, LAu leg.; 3 workers, Siu A Chau I., 13. viii, 1997, M,

PlagioJepisflava MAyR 1862: 699, LAu leg.; 3 workers, Nam Fung Wood, 9. viii. 1996, M.

Acropyga flava: MAyR 1862: 769. [Synonymized by LAu leg,; 3 workers, Green I., 22, iv, 1998, J. R.

FoREL 1894: 418.] FELLowEs leg,

Agmpyga moluccana var, australis FoREL, 1902: 477, Distribution. , Sri Lanka, Indonesia, , Acmpyga moluccana a"stralis: FoREL 1911: 286, , China (new record), , the

[Synonymized by TAyLoR 1992: 58.] Solomon Is., Australia. Remarks. This species is separated from the other East

Diagnosis, Worker, HL O.83-O.85 mm; HW O.83-O,84 Asian species by the shape of mandible with five triangu- mm; SL O.75-O.77 mm; CI 98-1oo; SI 9092; WL O.85- 1ar teeth, the 1arge eye bonsisting of more than 20 facets,

O.88 mm; PL O,16K).17 mm; PH O,40-O.42 mm; TL 2.8- and the larger body. The workers were collected under

3.0 mm (5 workers measured). stones and in the soil in secondary broadleaved forests

Head in fu11 face view square, with subparallel sides from five to 300 m ahitude in Hong Kong, and weakiy concave posterior margin. Mandible with 5

triangular teeth. Antenna with 11 articles; scape Iong, Acmpyga (Rhizomyrma) guangxiensis sp. nov, reaching posterior margin of head, Eye 1arge, O.12-O.14 (Figs. 4-6)

mm in maximum diameter, 1arger than maximum width of

antennal scape, and consisting of more than 20 facets. Worker, HL O,45 mm; HW O.45 mm; SL O.33 mm; CI

Promesonotum in profile with gently convex dorsal 100; SI 72; WL O.41 mm; PL O,07 mm; PH O,20 mm; TL outline; propodeum in profile with flat dorsal surface and 1,5 mm (holotype measured). dully angulate poslerodorsal corner, Petiole in profile thin Head in fu11 face view as long as wide, widest at and high, with reversed V-shaped fbrrn. Dorsum of head anterior end, with almost straight posterior margin; with abundant eTect hairs; prornesonotal dorsum with both posterolateral comer rounded; frons and vertex wealcly

short and long erect hairs,. IQ.ng. hairs twice as long as shagreened and subopaqug. Mandible with 4 smal1 acute

shorter ones. Bb' dY yelloii}isfi br6wn. teeth; apical tooth fo11owed by 2 teeth, diastema and basal ･at Specimems examined. China (Hong Kong): 6 workers, tooth, Antenna least with 10 articles (apex lacking in

1 3

a- b- 2

Figs. 1-3. Acropyga CAcropyga) acutiventris worker -- 1, Head full face view; 2, right

rnandible; 3, alitrunk and petiole in profi]e.Roc;ER,Sca]ebars:a, O,5mm for1in, 3;b,O,3mm for2,

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24 M, Terayama et al.

19. viii. holotype); scape not reaching posterior margin of head; Holotype. Worker, Huaping, Guanxi, China, pedicel longer than wide; 3rd to 10th articles each wider 1998, J, R. FELLowEs leg, than long; 10th article O,7 times as long as wide. Eye Type depository. ICKH,

consisting of single facet Distribution. China (Guanxi). Alitrunk short; pronotum 1argely smooth, with steeply Remarks. This species is distinguished from the ether raised anterior margin; mesonotal dorsum in profile very East Asian congeners by the four-toothed mandible, the weakly convex; metanotal groove distinctly incised small eye consisting of sirigle facet, the distinctly incised dorsaliy; dorsum of propodeum convex, posterodorsal metanotal dorsum, and the thin and high petiole. Known margin in profile convex, not fbrming angle; lateral only from the holotype. surface of propodeum smooth and shining; propodeal Etymology. The specific name refers to the type -spiracle situated at middle of propodeum, locality, Petiole in profile thin and high; anterior margin with dulr angle near midlength; posterior margin concave; in Acrqpyga (Rhilonryrma) septemstruma sp. nov. posterior view sides converging with concave dorsal (Figs, 7-10) margln.

Gaster weakly shagreened. Worker, HL O,36 mm; HW O.35 mm; SL O,23 mm; CI Dorsum of head with abundant short erect hairs; 97; SI 64; WL O.43 mm; PL O,10 mm; PH O.13 mm; TL dorsum of alitrunk with abundant short decumbent hairs; 1,3 mm (holotype measured). gaster with suberect hairs. Head in fu11 face view as long as wide, with weakly Colot' yellow. convex sides and almost straight posterior'margin;

/t'' "･r.i.b

6 4 "gs

7 10 xsy-X a-b- iis t, 8 9

- Figs. 4-6. Acrelryga (Rhizomyrma) guatt:iensis sp. nev., worker 4, Head in fu11 face view; 5, right mandible; 6, alitrunk and petiole in profile. Figs. 7-10. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) - septemstruma sp. nev., worker 7, Head in full face view; 8, basal and 2nd teeth of right rnandible; 9, teft mandib]e; 10, atitrunkancl petiole in profite. Scale bars: a, O,25 mrn for 4-7 and 10; b, e.13 rnm for8 ancl 9,

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East Asian Species of Acropyga 2S

posterolateral corner rounded, not fbrming distinct angle; Diagnosis, Worker, HL O.45 mm; HW O.53 mm; SL frons and vertex very weakly shagreened. Mandible with O,40 mm; Cl 118; SL 75; AW O.53 mm; PL O,05 mm; PH

4 triangular teeth (right mandible with basal tooth smal]er O,15 mm; TL 1.8 mm (holotype measured). than that of left mandible as in Fig. 8), Antenna with 7 Head in full face view wider than long. Mandible with articles; scape short, not reaching posterior margin of 4 acute triangu]ar teeth. Antenna with 11 articles; scape head; pedicel longer than wide; 3rd to 6th artieles each reaching posterior margin of head. Eye small, consisting

distinctly wider than long; 5th article O.6 times as long as of 5-6 indistinct facets. Dorsal outline of alitmnk almost

wide; 6th article O.5 times as long as wide; terminal straight, Petiole in profile with a reversed U-shaped dorsal

article 1arge, 2.3 times as long as wide, ]onger than margin, Dorsa of head and alitrunk with'abundant short

preceding 4 articles combined. Eyes absent, erect hairs, Body yellow. Alitrunk short; pronotum smooth, with steeply raised Specimens examined. Worker [holotype], Yoshino, anterior margin; mesonotal dorsum in profile straight; Ishigakijima, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Pref., Japan, 16. posterodorsal comer of promesonotum in profiIe fOrming viii, 1985, K. KINoMuRA leg.; 13 workers [paratypes], distinct angle; metanotal groove weakly incised dorsally; Yoshino, Ishigakijima, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Pref,,

dorsum of propodeum nearly straight, posterodorsal Japan, 16. viii. 1985, K. KINOMuRA leg. corner in profile not forming angle; propodeal spiracle Distribution. Japan (Ishigakijima I.). circular, situated at upper portion of propodeum. Remarks. The symbiont is Eumyrmococcus Petiole slightly higher than long, acute triangular scale; kinomurai WTLLIAMs and TERAyAMA, 2000 (WILLIAMS in posterior view with concave dorsal margin and acutely and TERAyAMA 2000), The nest was taken under a stone angulate dorsolateral corners. on the ground.

Gaster weakly shagreened. Dorsum of head with abundant short erect hairs; Act:qpyga (Rhizomyrma) sauteri FoREL dorsum of pronetum with several short hairs posteriorly; (Figs. 11-13) dorsa of mesonotum, metanotum and propodeum without hairs; petiole without dorsal hairs; gaster with suberect Acropyga (Rhizonryrma) sauteri FoREL, 1912a: 72. hairs,

Color pale yellow. Body cuticle thin. Diagnosis. Workers, HL O.56-O,58 mm; HW O.60-O.61 Holotype. Worker, Sha Lo Tung, Northeast New mm; SL O.41-O.43 mm; CI 104-106; SI 69-74; AW

Territories, Hong Kong, China, 27. vi, l992, J. R. O,40-O.41 mm; PL O.13-O,14 mm; PH O,24-O,25 mm TL

FELLowEs leg. 2.0-2.5 mm (5 workers measured). Type depository, ICKH, Head slightly wider than long. Mandible with 3 well- Distribution. China (Hong Kong). developed triangular teeth. Antenna with 11 arTicles; Remarks. This species is easily distinguished from the scape reaching posterior margin of head. Eye minute, other congeners by the antenna with seven articles, the consisting of single facet, Prornesonotum in profile gently absence of eyes, and the small body size (TL ca. 1.3 mm). convex and propodeal dorsum convex. Head and alitrunk Known only from the holotype, which was found in a with numerous short erect dorsal hairs. Body yellow,

pitfall trap set in a 1O meter-high bamboo forest at altittide Specimens examined. Japan: 8 workers, Aogashima,

180 m. Izu Is., Tokyo, 2, viii, 1988, M. TERAyAMA and S,

Etymology.･ Referring to the antenna with 7 articles. KuBoTA leg.; 20 workers, Yuwan, Amami-oshima,

Kagoshima Pref,, 5. viii, 1982, H. TAKAMINE leg,; 7

Acrqpyga (Rhizomyrma)kinomurai TERAyAMA and queens, Tokunoshima, Kagoshima Pref., 20, iii, 1980, M,

HASHIMOTO TERAyAMA leg; 2 workers, Chibana, Okinawajima,

(Figs,14.16) Okinawa Pref., 19. v. 1983, T. MlzuKAMI leg,; 1 worker,

Naha, Okinawajima, 27. vi. 1982, M. MoRIslTA leg,; 3

Acrqpyga (Rhizomyrma) kinom"rai TERAyAMA and workers, Izenajima, Okinawa Pref., 30. iii. 1985, H. HAsHIMoTo, 1996: 7. [holotype and paratypes examined; TAKAMINE leg,; 5 workers, Iriomotejima, Okinawa Pref.,

MNHA] 13. viii. 1979, M. TERAyAMA leg. Taiwan I.: 6 workers,

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26 M. Terayama et al.

Chipen, Taitung Hsien, 20. viii. 1982, M, TERAyAMA leg. behavior of the young ant queen carrying mealybug from Distribution. Japan (southern parts of Honshu, Izu Is., the mother nest has also been recorded for an Actepyga Shikoku, Kyushu, Nansei Is,); China (Shanghai,sp. in Szechuan, western China (BRowN 1945). The Guangdong, Macao, Taiwan I.). queens and males were described by WHEELER (1928) Remarks. This species is found in grasslands or and SANTscHI (1928), respectively. woodland margins, and nests under stones or directly in

the soil. Nuptial flights are observed from late March to Acrczpryga (Rhizomyrma) yaeyamensis TERAyAMA and June. Each alate female leaves the parent nest with a HASHIMOTO gravid mealybug in her mandibles (UyE 1928, 1933; (Figs. 17-l9)

TERANISm 1929; TERAyAMA 1988), The symbiont

mealybug is E"myrmococcus smithi SILvEsTRI, 1926. The Acmpyga (Rhizonryrma) yaeyamensis TERAyAMA and

.sf

s

J" 12

O r' 'j' -l':;" t' PrL ') ft!. 16

N ,,

lh/.i '.t"1 ,fi, ,):1･ D 19 17 ×(lxl s a-b-

Figm 11-13. Acmpyga {Rhizomynna) sauteri FoREL, worker - 1 1, Head in full face view; 12, right mandible; 13,

a]itrunk and petiole ]n prefile. Figs. 14-16. Acropyga (Rhizemynna) kinomurai TERAyAMA and HAsHiMoTo, - worker 14, Head in ful] face view; IS, right mandible; 16, alitrunk and petiole in profile. Figs. 17-19, - Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) yaeyamensis TERAyAMA and HAsHiMoTo, vvorker 17, Head in fult face view; 18, right rnandible; l9, aLitrunk ancl petiole in profile. Sca]e bars: a, O,25 mm in 1 t-13; b, O.OS mm in l4-19.

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East Asian Species ef Actopyga 27

, HASHIMoTo, 1996: 5. [holotype and paratypes examined; rnargm and angulate dorsolateral corners. Forewing 2.1

MNHA] mm in length, longer than tota1 body length, with lst radial

cell; medial cell not defined; vein M diverging basal to

Diagnosis. Worker, HL O.40 mm; HW O.38 mm; SL Rs,

O.28 mm; CI 95; SI 74; WL O.40 mm; PL O.05 mm; PH Gaster largely smooth and shining, Paramere large and O.13 mm; TL 1,7 mm (holotype measured). subtriangular in profile, with convex ventral and weakly Head in full face view almost square. Mandible with 4 concave dorsal margins; tip of paramere forrning acute large, triangular teeth. Antenna with 10 articles; scape angle and slightly uptumed. Aedeagus slender, with thin

short, not reaching posterior margin of head. Eye small, and dully angulate tip. consisting of single facet. Dorsal outline of promeso- Dorsa of head and alitrunk with numerous short notum convex; propodeal dorsum convex. Petiole suberect hairs; gaster with suberect hairs. subtriangular in profi1el, Dorsa of head and alitrunk with Frons and gena brown; vertex dark brown; frontal lobe, a few short erect hairs. Body pale yellow, clypeus, and mandible, yellow; antenna yellowish brown Specimens examined. Worker [holotype], Urauchi, with darker terminal article; alitrunk yellow; legs yel- Iriomotejima, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Pref,, Japan, 28, iii. lowish brown; gaster yellow to yellowish brown. 1991, M. TERAyAMA leg.; 3 workers [paratypes], Worker, HL O.49 mm; HW O,45 mm; SL O,31 mm; CI Urauchi, Iriomotejima, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Pref,, 92; SI 69; WL O,50 mm; TL not measured (petiole and Japan, 28, iii. 1991, M TERAyAMA leg.; 1 worker gaster lacking) (one paratype measured). [paratype], Ishigakijima, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Pref,, Head in fu11 face view slightly longer than wide, with Japan, M. MoRisiTA leg. straight posterior margin and parallel sides; posterolateral Distribution. Japan (Ishigakijima I,, Iriomotejima I.), corner fbrming dull angle; frons and vertex weakly Remarks. This species has been known only from the shagreened. Mandible with 4 acute triangular teeth. Yaeyama Islands, southwestern Japan (Fig. 35). The ants Antenna with 11 articles; scape not reaching posterior are found from litter in broadleaved forest, The sub- margin of head; pedicel longer than wide; 3rd to 10th name original generic inthe description(page5,left,line articles each wider than long; 10th article O,7 times as

40; Rhizomyrna) should be corrected to Rhizonrynna. long as wide; terminal article twice as long as wide,

longer than the preceding 3 articles combined. Eye

Acmpyga (Rhizomynna) yunfianensis sp, nov. consisting of 4 facets,

20-26) (Figs. Alitrunk short; pronotum 1argely smooth and shining; mesonotal dorsum wealaly convex; metanotal groove very Male, HL O.35 mm; HW O,36 mm; SL O,23 mm; CI weakly incised dorsally; dorsum of propodeum convex, 103; SI 64; WL O. 6S mm; PL O,06 mm; PH O.18 mm; TL posterodorsal corner in profile not fbrming angle; lateral 1.8 mm (holotypemeasured). surface of propodeum smooth and shining; propodeal Head in fu11 face view as long as wide excluding eyes, spiracle situated at middle of propedeum, with straight posterior margin. Mandible with 3 triangular Dorsum of head with numerous suberect short hairs;

teeth; apicalmost tooth longest. Anterior margin of mandible with suberect hairs; dorsum of alitrunk with

clypeus convex. Eye O,14 mm in rnaximum diameter, many suberect short hairs and severel long erect hairs.

Antenna with 12 articles; scape almost reaching posterior Ground color yellow; apical hal.f of mandible, terminal

margin of head; pedicel slightly longer than wide; segment of antenna, and tibiae brown.

funiculus short, 3rd to 11th articles each wider than long; Holotype. Male, Nangong-shan, Xishuangbanna, terminal article longer than preceding 3 articles combined. Yunnan, China, 15. ix. 1997, Z. Xu leg.

Frons and vertex weakly shagreened. Paratypes. 1 male, 1 worker, from the same' nest as the Alitrunk 1,70 times as long as high in profile; anterior holotype.

margin of pronotum convex and producing anteriorly; Type depository, ISYC. posterolateral margin of propodeum gently convex, not Distribution. China (Yunnan), forming angle, Petiole thin, with a reversed V-shaped Remarks. This species resembles A. guangxiensis sp,

form; in posterior view scale with weakly concave dorsal nov. in having the antenna with 11 anicles and the

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28 M. Terayama et al,

i.;L

.I 22 20 21

e" o a

23 - 24

Figs. 20-26. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) yunnanensis sp. nov,, worker and ma]e' 20, Head in full face view, worker; 21, right mandible, worker; 22, alitrunk in prefile, worker; 23, head in full face view, rnale; 24, alitrunk and petiole in profile, male; 25, genitalia in ventral view, male; 26, paramere in prefi]e, male. Scale bar = O,25 mrn.

mandible with four teeth in worker, However it is easily 5 teeth; apical 4 triangular; basal tooth larger, rectangular

distinguished from the latter by the very weakly incised and apically truncate. Antenna with 11 articles; scape

metanotal dorsum (distinctly incised in A. g"angxiensis) almost rea ¢ hing posterior margin of head. Eye small, and the eye consisting of four facets (consisting of single consisting of 1 or 2 facets. Promesonoturn in profiie facet in A. guangxiensis) in worker. This species also has eonvex; propodeal dorsum convex; posterior surface of long erect hairs on the dorsum of alitmnk (long erect hairs propodeum steeply declivitous. Petiolar sca]e in profile

absent in A. guangxiensis) and the brown tibiae (legs thin and high, with acute dorsal margin; subpetiolar

uniform]y ye]low in A, guangxiensis), The specimens are process longer than high, with convex ventral margin,

from a natural evergreen broadleaved forest at 1380 m Dorsa of head and alitrunk with a few short erect hairs.

altitude in Yunnan Province, China (Fig. 35). Body pale yellow, Etymology. The specific name refers to the locality. Specimens examined. Worker [holotype], Nan-

shanchi, Nanfen Cun, Ren'ai Xiang, Nantou Hsien,

Acropyga (Atopedon) baodaoensis TERAyAMA Taiwan I., 12, viii, 1980, M. TERAyAMA leg.; 11 workers, (Figs. 27-29) 4 alate queens, 3 males [paratypes], Nanshanchi, Nanfen

Cun, Ren'ai Xiang, Nantou Hsien, Taiwan I,, 12. VIIL

Acmpyga (Atopodon) baodooensis TERAyAMA, 1985: 1980, M. TERAyAMA leg.; 10 workers, 5 workers, 284, [holotype and paratypes examined; NIAES] Liukuei, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan I., 17, viii, 1987, M,

TERAyAMA leg,

Diagnosis. Worker, HL O.65 mm; HW O.60 mm; SL Distribution. China (Taiwan I.).

O,45 mm; CI 92; SI 75; WL O,65 mm; PL O.13 mm; PH Remarks. The nests are found in soil, under stones or

O,26 mm; TL 2.2 mm (holotype measured), rotten wood in broadleaved forests. A myrmecophilous Head in full face view longer than wide, with straight mealybug, Eumynntococcus nipponensis TERAyAMA, posterior margin and slightly convex sides, Mandible with 1986, lives in the nests,

'

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East Asian Species ef Acropyga 29

V. 29 32

28 33

'

e-- Z.r.,o i "

Figs. 27-29. Acropyga (Atopodon) baodaoensis TERAyAMA, worker- 27, Head in full face vlew; 2S,

right mandible: 29, petiolar scale in prefile. Figs. 30-33, Acrvpyga (Atopodon) nippvnensis -- TERAyAMA, worker 30, Head in fu]] face view; 3], right mandible; 32, petiolar scale in profile; 33, alitrunk and petiole in pTofile. Fig. 34, Acropyga (Atopodon) jiangxiensis WANG and Wu, worker, alitrunk and petiole in profile. Scale bars: a, 02S mm in 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34; b, O.l3 mm in 29

and 32.

Acrqpyga (Atqpodon) jiangxiensis WANG and Wu almost straight, and gently declivitous, Petiolar scale in (Fig. 34) profile with acute triangular out line, with dul]y angu]ate dorsal margin; subpetiolar process mostly produced Acropyga (Atopodon) jiangxiensis WANG and Wu, 1992: ventrally at posterior ponion. Dorsa of.head and alitrunk 226, [paratype examined; RFBC] with a few short erect hairs. Body pale yellow. Specimens examined. China [paratype]: 1 worker,

Diagnosis. Worker, HL O,54 mm; HW O.48 mm; SL Dali Shan, Fenyi, Jiangxi, 11. ix. I989, J, WANG leg.; 1

O.38 mm; CI 88; SI 79; WL O,34 mm; PL O,12 mm; PH worker, Jianfengling, Hainan I., 9. iv. 1998, J, R.

O,20 mm; TL 1,5 mm (one paratype measured). FELLowEs leg,; 3 workers, Dayaoshan, Guangxi, 18. ix. Head in full face view longer than wide, with straight 1998, J, R, FELLowEs leg, to slightly cencave posterior margin and parallel sides. Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hainan I.). Mandible with S teeth, apical 4 triangular; basal tooth Remarks. This species is distinguished from other East

larger, rectangular and apically truncate. Eye small, Asian species of subgenus Atqpedon, A. baodaoensis

consisting of 1 or 2 facets, Antenna with 11 articles; scape TERAyAMA from Taiwan, and A. nipponensis TERAyAMA

not reaching posterior margin of head. Promesonotum from Japan by the weakly convex posterodorsal margin

margin of the convex in profile; posterodorsal portion of propodeum and almost straight posterior propodeum, very weakly convex; posterior margin of propodeum

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30 M. Terayama et aL

105' E 120e E 13S' E 150' E

e:Acropyga(Acropyga}acutiventris ':ttttttttttttt.ttttx.: e:Acropyga(1thizomyma}euanxjensjs :i i:Acropyga(1thizomymza)septemstruma 'tt ' O:Acropyga(1thlnomynna)kinomural ttttt' 't a:Aeropyga(1thlzomynma)sauterj 45' N A:Acropyga(Rhizemynua}yaeyatnensis i l @:Acropyga(1thizomynna)yunnanensis ' x:Aeropyga(Atopodon)baodaoensis *:Acropyga(Atopodon)Jjangxiensjs o:Acropyga(Atopadon)nlpponensis

...:e'' 9'

' L tttttttttt'''''1, : ' 30' N foaje * l 'i"'''t/@t..ttt '' 'eaA .' *-o ttttttt ''ttttt. io, ou ･: .,,:

15' N

Fig. 35.Distribution map of species of Acmpyga in East Asia,

Acropyga (Atopodbn) nijrponensis TERAyAMA leg.; 5 workers, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima Pref,, 3, vii,

(Figs. 30-33) 1983, M, TERAyAMA leg,; l worker, Yoronjima,

Kagoshima Pref,, I5. iii. 1980, M. TERAyAMA leg.; 1

Acropyga (Atopodon) nilrponensis TERAyAMA, 1985: worker, Motobu-machi, Okinawajima, Okinawa Pref,,

287. [holotype and paratypes examined; NIAES] 10, i, 1983, K, KINoMuRA leg, Distribution. Japan (Mikurajima I., Shikoku, Kyvshu, Diagnosis. Worker, HL O.60 mm; HW O.48 mm;,SL Yaku-shima I., Nansei･ Is.).

O,39 mm; CI 80; SI 81; WL O,53 mm; PL O.14 mm; PH Remarks. The nests are fbund in soil under stones or

O.25 mm; TL 1,9 mm (holotype measured), rotten wood in broadleaved forests in Japan (Fig. 35). A Head in full face view longer than wide, with straight myrmecophilous mealybug, Eunrynuococcus nipponensis

postgrior margin and parallel sides, Mandible with 5 teeth, TERAyAMA, 1986, lives in the nests, and the ants feed on

apical 4 triangular; basal tooth larger, rectangular and its honeydew (TERAyAMA 1985, 1986.).

apically tmncate, Eye small, consisting of 1 or 2 facets. Acknow]edgements Antenna with 11 articles; scape not reaching posterior margin of head. Promesonotum convex in profile; We would like te thank Drs, Z. Xu (Southwest Forestry propodeal dorsurn convex; posterior margin of College, Yunnan) and K, MAsuKo (Senshu Univ,,

propodeum convex and steeply declivitous, Petiolar scale Tokyo), and Messrs K, KINoMuRA (Gifu-shi), S. KuBoTA in profile with obtusely angulate dorsal margin; (Tokyo), T. MIzuKAMJ (Tokyo), H. TAKAMINE (Naha- subpetiolar process longer than high, with convex ventral shi), M. LAu (Hong Kong), and the late Dr, M. MoRIslTA

margin. Dorsa of head and alitrunk with a few short erect for offering valuable material, and Drs. Y. HASHIMOTO

hairs, Body pa]e yellow; gaster lighter than head and (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo) and K.

alitrunk. KoNIsHI (National Institute of Agro-Environmental Specimens examined. Japan: Worker [holotype],Sciences, Tsukuba), and Mr. J. WANG (Research Institute Noboritachi, Mikurajima, Izu Is., Tokyo, 30. iii, 1980, K, of Forestry, Beljing) for examining one of the authors (M. MAsuKo leg.; 9 workers [paratypes], Noboritachi, T.) the type material. The type specimens of the new

Mikuraljima, Izu Is,, Japan, 30, iii. 1980, K, MAsuKo Hong Kong species were collected during the fbllowing

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East Asian Species of Acropy8a 31

FoREL A 、1894． Les fbrmicides de rEmpire des Indes pr（）jects： an environmental impact assessment fbr a ， ， et de Ceylan． Part 4 ， A 〔ljenction aux generes Camponotus MAYR ct Potyrhachis proposed development at Sha Lo Tung， conduc 匡ed by 「 − Shuck ．ノournal ごゾ the Ben1bay ハa ’μral History Society，8： 396 Axis Environmental Ltd． on behalf of the Sha Lo Tung − 420． Development Company； environmental imρact assess ’ FoR旧L ， A ，，1902． Foumlis nouvelles d AusIrahe．1〜evue Suisse de ments fbr a reclamation （） affecting Green − proposed pr ject Z∂o ’08ie ，10： 405 548． ’ Island， conducted by Aspinwalls Ltd． and ERM （Hong FoREL， A ．，1911． Die Ameisen d巳s K ， Zoologischen Museums in

Kong Ltd． on behalf of the Civil Engineering Department M 旺nchen ． Sitz姻 gsber’chte de厂 κ伽 9’icん Baye厂ischen Ahademie ） ’ der Wi∬ enschaften Mathematisch ・Physiha”sche Kta∬ e 1911： of the Hong Kong Govemment ； and the Hong Kong ， ’ 249−303． Biodiversity Survey of The University of Hong Kong s − FoREL ， A ．」 912a． Descriptions provisoires de genres， sous genres e 【e

Departmentof Ecology and Biodiversity， funded by the ’ sp 己ces de fbrmicides des Indes oricntales ． Revue Sui∬ e de Hong Kong Govemment s Environment and Conserva− − ZOo’ogie ，20： 761 774． ， tion Fund． FoREL， A ．，1912b． H ， SAuTER s Formosa−Ausbeu 【e ， Formicidae （Hym ．）．

Ento〃 80’08 ’sche ルfit’e ”un8en ，1； 67−8 L 摘 要 MAYR ， G ，1862 ． Myrmecologische SIudien．．Verhandl“ngen der

κaiserlich 一κδπゴ ’励 en ・ ’π り 〕 1， 1） 8 Zooto8ischBOtanischenGesellschaft 寺 山 守 ・John E FELLowEsi ・周 善 義 （〒 339−0054 岩 槻 市 ： − z’ Wien，12 649 776， 仲 町 2− 12−29 ， Kandoorie Farm and Botanic Garden， Lam NlxoN， G ． E． J．，1951． The association of an1s wiIh aphids and coccid ． Lam Road， Tai Po， New Territeries， Hong Keng， China， Commonweal 【h Insli匸ute of Entemolegy LQndon 36 ユ ， ， pp． 広 西 師 範大 学 生 物 系，広 西 壮 族 自治 区 桂林 市，5410〔｝4 − RoGER ， J，，1862． Einige neue exo1ische AmeisenGattungen und Arten． 中華 人 民共和国）：Acropyga 属 （ミ ツ バ ア リ属） の 東 ア − Beriiner Entomolo8’sche Zeitschr｛ft，6： 233 254． ジ ア 産種． 、 − SANTsc肌 F，，1928．Nouvellesf（）urmis deChineet du T ロ rkestan Russe ． Edaphologia No ．70 ： 21 32．2002． ’ Bulletin et A 朋 ales de la Sociite Entomotogique de Betgique，68 ： Acropyga M （ミ ツ バ ア リ属） の 東 ア ジ ア産 の 種を分類学的 に 総 31＿46． 括 した ，本 地 域 か ら 3 新種 を含 む 10種 を認 め た ．亜 属 単位 で 見 SILvEsTRL F ．，1926 （1925＞， Descrizione di un novo genere di C cidae る と ，A 脚 ρ咫 α 亜 属 の も の が 1 種， Rhizomyrma 亜 属 の も の が 6 （Hemiptera ）mirmecofilo della Cina．80”ettino de’laboratorio di 種，Atopodon 亜 属 の も の が 3 種で あ っ た ． Zoo ’09 ’a Generale e agra 厂’ロ de〃a Rea’ε Scuota Superie厂e と て Acropyga Rhizomynna 新 種 し 記 載 し た （ ）guangxiensis sp． nov ， ’ − d A8 厂 ’‘u ”ura in Portici，18： 271 275． は 大あ ご に 4 歯 を持 ち ，触角 は 11 節 か ら な り，後胸溝 は 明 瞭 に S［LvEsTRI ， F ．，1927 ， Descriptions of two species of myrmecophilous れ る こ と と t の の み か る つ こ で 刻 ま ， ｛固 個眼 ら な 小 さな眼 を持 と − C cidae （Hemiptera， Insecta）． China／ou 〃 lal，7： 253 254． づ れ る ．Acropyga Rhizomyrma 特徴 け ら （ ） septemstruma sp ．nov ，は ， TAYLoR ， R ， W ，，1992 ， Nomenclatureand dis【ribution of some AusIralian 7 節か ら な る 触角，眼 を欠 く こ と ，小 形 の サ イ ズ （体 長 1．3mm ） and New Guinean anls of 【he subfamily Fom冂icinae，ノournat （ゾ’he に よ っ て 容 易 に 他 種 と 区 別 さ れ る ．Acropyga （Rhizomyrma） − Azas「「α’ian Ento〃iologica ’Society，31： 57 69． yunnanensis sp ． nov ．は A ，（R．）guanxiensis sp ． nov ．に 最 も類似す 【sHI ants their behavior and 〔listribu【ion 1 TERAN ，C ，，1929Japanese ， （）． る が は く ま れ は 4 の か ら る こ と に よ っ ，後胸溝 弱 刻 ，眼 個 個眼 な − Zoologica’Magaz 〃le，41： 239 251． ［ln Japanese］ て guanxiensisと区別 され る ． TERAYAMA ， M ．1985， Two new species of Ihe anl genus Acropy8a Acropy8a（Acropyga） aCNtiventris ROGER を 今回 中国 （香港） か ら （Hymenop 【era ， Formicidae）from Taiwan and Japan． Konty爵，53： 初 め て 記録 し ，東 ア ジ ア 産種 の 検索表 を あわ せ て 提供 し た ， 284−289 ． − Refe『ences T巳RAYAMA ， M ．」 986． A new species of the anomalous ant attended mealybug genus Eumynnococcus （HomoP 【era ， Pseud cid 捷e ） − BoLToN， B ．，1995． A new general catalogue of the ants of the world ． from Japan，κontya ，54： 509 512．

Harvard University Pr¢ ss ， Massachusctts，504 pp， TERAYAMA ， M ，．1988， Somc 【axonomical 跚 d biobgical no1es on 【he

BRowN W L Jr 1945 An unusual behavior observed in a ， ， ， ．， ． pattem myrmecophilous mealybug genus Eumyrmococcus （Homoptcra ： − Szechanese ant ．ノo 闘 厂 na ’ qf the West China Bo 厂 der Research Pseud occidae ）．尺o ∬ ria ，39； 643 648．［ln Iapanese wi 山 English − Society（B ），15 ： 185 186． Summary ］

BuscHINGER ， A ．， HE ［NzE ，」．， JEssEN， K ．， DouwEs ， P ． and WNTER ， U ．， TERAYAMA ， M ， and HAsHIMoTo， Y ．，1996． Taxonomic s 【udies of Ihe

1987，First European record of a queen am carrying a mealybug Japamese Formicidae， parl l． Introduction to this series and − during hcr mating fiight． Naturwi∬ enschafien ，74； 139 140， descriptions of f6ur new species of ：he genera Hypoρone 厂a ， − EMERy， C ，1922． Quelques fb凵mis nouvelles minuscules ， Annates Fo 〃nica and Acropyga．ハ「ature and 丿Vuman Ac ‘’レit’es ，1： 1 8． 一tatu − ‘‘ ” Historicoハ 〔a ’es ルfusei〜Vationatis Hunga 厂 ’c ’，19： 107 1旦2． UYE ， T ．，1928．Arinotakara： acoccid ，山e treasure of the ant ． lnsect − FoREL， A ，，1893． Formicides de 『Antille SL Vincent． R6co董t6es par World ，32 ： 77 79 ．［ln 亅apanese ］

Mons． H ． H ． Smith．7ぬ 月∫ρcf’o π5 ’he Entomo’08ical Socie ， of UYE T ．1933 ． A livestock − qプ り ， ， an し Entomolo8icalWor’ゴ，1： 602 608．［ln − lOndon，1893： 333 418 ． Iapanese］

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･M. 32 Terayama et att･

WANG, C. and Wu, J., 1992, A new species of the ant genus Acropyga S[LvEsTRI und Xenececcus SILvEsTR[ associated wi{h the ant genus

' RoGER of China, Scienria Silvae･Sinicae, 28: 226-229. Acropyga RoGER and a review of the subfami]y Rhizoecinae Coccoidea, Pseudococgidae), the IVbturai WAy, M. J. 1963, Mutualism between ants and honeydew:producing (Hemiptera, fi.ultetin of History Homoptera. Annual Revevv of Entomotog.v, 8: 307-343. Museum (Entomelogy), 67: 1-64.

WHEELER, W. M,, 1928. Ants collected by Professor F. SILvEsTRI in WILLmMs, D. J. und TERAyAMA, M., 2000. )L new species of the

Chinu. Boltenino det Laboratorio di Zbetogia generale e agraria mea]ybug genusi Eumyrmococcus SILvEsTR] (Hemiptera: delta R. Istituto Superiore agrario in Portici, 22: 3-38. Pseudococcidae, Rhizoecinae) associated with the ant Acropyga

WtLLtAMs, D. J., 1978, The anomalous ant-uttended mea]ybugs (Rhizbmyrma) kinotn"rai TERAyAMA et HAsH:MoTo (Hymenoptera:

(Homeprera: Pseudococcidae) of South-East Asia, Bulletin of the Formicidae) in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Entomologicat Sciencle, British Museum (Nbtuval Histor)J) (Entomotogy), 37: 1-72. 3: 373-376, WtLLtAMs, D. J,, 1998. Mealybugs of the genera Eumyrmococcus

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