OUR NEW ADDRESS IS 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE CRISIS Vol. 7—No. 4 FEBRUARY, 1914 Whole No. 40

ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY Ihe National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe in the Negro race and in onr obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral and religious uplift." —Rr,v. DR. CHARLES H. PARKHURST, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate. Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a compre­ hensive grasp of their studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT. We aim also to create a better qualified ministry. Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school. Thirty-two acres; ten modern buildings; healthful location. We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students. Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address: PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD National Religious Training School - - - - - Durham, N. C. The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

1914 Crisis Advertising Rates

Crisis Calendar Beginning with the January, 1914, issue, and continuing until further notice, the rates for advertisements in THE CRISIS are as follows: 15 cents per agate line. No less Contains four leaves, neatly than four lines accepted. tied and ready for hanging, $2 per inch per single column, each leaf bearing a CRISIS counting fourteen lines to the inch. picture. $45 for back cover. $40 for inside cover page, front or back. Let each day remind you of $32 per page for other pages.

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Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES

PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY Conducted by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents for February, 1914

PICTURES

COVER PICTURE. By A. B. Jones. HIS MAJESTY, THE LATE MENELIK II., KING OF THE KINGS OF ETHIOPIA, EMPEROR OF ABYSSINIA, 1844-1913 182

ARTICLES

THE PHILADELPHIA NEGRO DENTIST. By J. Max Barber 179

THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH 181

CERTAINTY. A Poem. By Leslie Pinckney Hill 181

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE 191

THE HOODOO. A Story. By Martha Gruening 195

DEPARTMENTS

ALONG THE COLOR LINE 163

OPINION 171

MEN OF THE MONTH 184

EDITORIAL 186

THE BURDEN 199

A LITTLE PILE OF BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS 201

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscription is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired. In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks' notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom­ panied by return postage. Tf found unavailable they will be returned.

Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y. 160 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University LINCOLN INSTITUTE Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, Ga. Jefferson City, Missouri The courses of study include High School, Nor­ Founded by the Negro soldiers of mal School and College, with manual training the 64th and 65th Regiments. Sup­ and domestic science. Among the teachers are ported by the State of Missouri. graduates of Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth, Smith One of the best-equipped schools and Wellesley. Forty-two years of successful in the country for the education of work have been completed. Students come from Xegro boys and girls. Normal, all parts of the South. Graduates are almost Collegiate, Agricultural and Indus­ universally successful. trial Courses. Normal diplomas For further information address carrying with them the degree B. Pd. President EDWARD T. WARE are life certificates to teach in the public schools of Missouri. The ATLANTA, GA. degree A. B. conferred upon those who complete the collegiate course. Four teachers of Music: Voice Cul­ Knoxville College ture, Piano, Violin, Band and Orchestra Practice. Elocution and Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. Athletics. The Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. BOARD $9.50 A MONTH. TUITION $3.00 THE A Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. YEAR TO MISSOURI STUDENTS. ALL OTHERS PAY Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. $13.00 A YEAR. CATALOG FREE. B. F. ALLEN, A. M„ LL. D. Offers full courses in the following departments: President. College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and Industrial. Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drainage. Expenses very reasonable. Opportunity for Self-help. ST. MARY'S SCHOOL Fall Term Began September, 1913. An Episcopal boarding and day school For information address for girls, under the direction of the Sisters President R. W. McGRANAHAN of St. Mary. Address: KNOXVILLE, TENN. THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa.

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MENTION THE CRISIS 162 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS TONE-PLACING AND VOICE- DEVELOPMENT Facts of Reconstruction Points explained, viz.: Breath in Singing, Trying the Voice, the Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the By MAJOR JOHN R. LYNCH Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass, Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the In this book Major Lynch presents the Mouth, the Tongue, Position When readers and thinkers of the present genera­ tion with accurate, reliable and impartial Practising. Position When Singing, information, based upon his knowledge and How to Practice, Good Bules for experience, about Reconstruction, the most Singing. important and eventful epoch in our country's history. Comment from the world-renowned conductor of the Paulist Choir of Chicago, 111., whose choir has Major Lynch, has been prominently before just received the first prize awarded at the Sing­ the public during the last forty years. He ing Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912: was a member of Congress in 1876-7 and was an active participant in the decision of "Dear Mr. Tlnsley: the closely contested election between Hayes "I take Rreat pleasure In commendlnc your very useful and and Tilden for the Presidency of the United succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placinrj and Voice-Develop­ ment.' Tour own appreciation of the psychology of singing States. Many interesting points in that con­ and the fundamental principles of the art you have cleverly test not heretofore published will be found reduced to a simple system. Cordially yours, in this book. •Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P.. Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago." As a member of Congress, member of the National Republican Committee, auditor for From "Musical Courier," N. T.: "A very practical little book Is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development.' by Pedro T. the Navy Department, a member of many Tlnsley. It contains some very excellent material and vocal National Republican Conventions, over one of exercises, and should be in the hands of all vocal students." which he presided as temporary chairman, From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly bis Major Lynch was brought in contact with 'Practical Method of Singing' Is a most concise and practical many of the most prominent and influential little manual, containing many valuable vocal exercises. It men of the country. The chapters giving an cannot fall to be helpful to all ambitious vocal students." account of his interviews with Presidents Grant and Cleveland, and with Messrs. Blaine. HELPED HIM GREATLY Lamar and Gresham, are both interesting and "Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing instructive. The book ought to be in the and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant library of every home. than it has been for years. It seems to me that I am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Lay ton, Price, net $1.50. By mail, $1.65. Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th Address: St., N. W., Washington, D. C. MAJOR JOHN R. LYNCH PRICE 51-00 4321 ForestviUe Ave. Chicago, 111. Address the publisher: PEDRO T. TINSLEY 6448 Drexel Avenue CHICAGO, ILL. Atlanta University LEARN TO READ MUSIC AT SIGHT JN Studies of the FOR $1.00 fe fv f\ ai&t? r ; -y- ---i Negro Problems 17 Monographs Sold Separately •* i % * v f T ~ Address: Anyone in the "Rrnss Band" or "Stringed Orchestra" mav learn in a few hours to master the Instrument he loves with ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE our "Sight Reader" and ' 'Sight Reader Positions." $1 (cash). Address Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. WILLIAM D. SMITH 1636 Clarion Street Philadelphia. Pa. The Curse of Race Prejudice By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. Agents Are Making $10.00 Per Day An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon and more selling our famous Negro picture, ''A champion of equal rights. Startling facts and crush­ Joyful Welcome Into Heaven,'' the finest painting ing arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity ever produced with the Negro as a subject. Semi- for clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. religious. Sells at sight. Send 15 cents in stamps Belongs in the library of every friend of social or coin for 50-cent sample and agent's terms. justice. Price 25 cents. Send orders to THE DOUGLAS SPECIALTIES COMPANY JAMES F. MORTON, JR. 3548 Vernon Ave. Dept. K Chicago, 111. 244 West 143d Street - - - New York, N. Y.

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Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS

Vol. 7—No. 4 FEBRUARY. 1914 Whole No. 40

ALONG THE COLOR LINE

MUSIC AND ART. England Con­ orchestra, which is in its ninth season, is servatory of Music in Boston, and have the first incorporated colored symphony lately joined the faculty of the Washington orchestra in the United States. Conservatory. The concert series for 1914 will include a concert by the Conservatory London. Mr. 164 THE CRISIS

Boykin is to have the advantage of a year's legato singing. The program was sufficiently study of the art of England, France and varied to show the range of his vocal and Italy. artistic accomplishments, which are nothing short of remarkable considering the com­ *I A new addition to American literature at paratively brief period he has been the close of the year is Mr. William Stanley studying." Braithwaite's "Anthology of Magazine Verse," dedicated to the Times- Kentucky State Federation of Colored policeman, shut off its wind and with a jiu- Women's Clubs has more than doubled its jitsu twist threw the animal and held him membership in the past year. The federa­ down until others could rope him. tion has also established a scholarship loan *I The Pullman porters are endeavoring to fnnd, for which $213 has been collected so form themselves into a union so as to de­ far. mand fairer wages and hours from the Pull- 166 THE CRISIS

man Company. At present the hours are married during the holidays against the rules not only very irregular, but often exceedingly of the school, and when the president re­ long and the wages paid are small. fused to hear a committee of boys the students went on strike. Dr. Meserve has 1 \ enezuela has erected a monument to been president of Shaw for twenty-five Alexander Petion, the first president of the years. republic of Haiti. Petion's father was a wealthy colonist and his mother a mulatto. ^ The late Adolphus Buseh, of St. Louis, Mo., bequeathed to the Provident Hospital, EDUCATION. in Chicago, $5,000; to the Bartlett Agricul­ "D I SHOP J. ALBERT JOHNSON reports tural and Industrial School, at Dalton, Mo., that the Fanny J. C'oppin Hall, at $2,000; to the Old Folks' Home, at St. Wilberforce Institute, Evaton, Transvaal, Louis, $1,000; to the St. Louis Colored South Africa, was completed in September, Orphan Home, $1,000; to the St. Francis 1913. at a cost of $8,000. It has been Orphans' Home, Normandy, $1,000.

FANNY J. COPPIN HALL, AT WILBERFORCE INSTITUTE. SOUTH AFRICA. entirely paid for with money raised by the •J The white Southern Baptist convention at South African conferences. The women's its St. Louis meeting last May tendered its missionary societies of South Africa are financial aid to the colored national Baptist assisting in raising money with which to convention in the establishment of a theo­ furnish the building. logical seminary. It has been decided that <3 The Negro students of Shaw University this aid will be a donation of $50,000, and have sent a request to the board of trustees the seminary will be established in one of asking that a colored president be put in the the five cities of which Memphis and Louis­ place of President Meserve. A student ville are the most prominent. ALONG THE COLOR LINE 167

*I Peter J. Smith, a colored Democrat, has •I The Masonic Grand Lodge for the juris­ been appointed as a deputy corporation in­ diction of Pennsylvania held its annual ses­ spector at Boston. He was an applicant for sion in Philadelphia December 8. The North assistant register of the treasury. Carolina Masons met in Newbern at about f§ Rev. E. C. Morris, president of the the same time. national Baptist convention, has been named The Tuskegee's annual Negro conference as a member of the American committee for will convene February 22. the celebration of the signing of the treaty The Missouri State Teachers' Association of Ghent and the 100 years of peace between met in Jefferson City in December. Great Britain and the United States. •I The Sunflower State Agricultural Asso­ *I Among the guests at the recent wedding ciation held the annual meeting at the of President Wilson's daughter was the Topeka (Kan.) Industrial and Educational minister of Haiti. Institute in December. Georgia conference of the A. M. E. honorary scientific fraternity. Church held its fortieth annual session at <3 Major John C. Buckner, of Chicago, died Hawkinsville, Ga., November 25-30. on December 17. "While serving in the forty- *3 Negro State farmers' week will be held at first and forty-second general assemblies the A. and M. College in Greensboro, N. C, Major Buckner did much for the protection February 9 to 14. of the colored miners and their families who were being threatened by mobs. He also *1 The third annual conference of em­ organized the Ninth Battalion of the National ployed and volunteer workers in colored Guard, which was the beginning of the Young Women's Christian Associations in present Eighth Regiment of Illinois. cities will be held in Philadelphia, Pa., under the direction of the national board, Miss Carolyn M. Wood has been elected from January 2S to February 2. superintendent of the orphanage at River- <5 The Teachers' Association of Northern dale-on-the-Hudson, to succeed Frank Barber who resigned lately. West Virginia held its annual session at Morgantown on November 27 and 28. 1$ L. A. Jackson, of Englewood, N. J., a Socialism and Suffrage." MEETINGS. *I At the fifty-first anniversary of the emancipation proclamation, at Stamford, THE National Benefit Association of the District of Columbia celebrated its Conn., Postmaster Bohle, of that place, and fifteenth anniversary in November. The Mr. A. G. Dill, of New York, were the assets of the association are estimated at speakers. $234,500. *I The sixteenth session of the Arkansas The National League on Urban Condi­ Teachers' Association was held in Little tions Among Negroes held its annual meeting Rock December 29-30. in New York City on December 3. Prof.

FOREIGN. *I The white Knights of Pylhias in Ten­ nessee have dropped the case in the Uniled ' I' HE Hon.'Edward Rawle Drayton, a States Supreme Court against the colored Barbadian, has been appointed to Pythians. administer the government of the Windward Islands during the governor's absence. ^ Charles Kie, a Pueblo Indian, sued for *I Five of the East Indian strikers in South $5,000 damages for being restrained from Africa are reported killed by policemen. voting and $5,000 for being committed to *B President Michael Oreste, of the Republic jail. The case was heard in the United of Haiti, has ordered all Jamaicans to leave Slates District Court at Sante Fe, N. M., Haiti. and damages were not granted to the Indian. Kie may take the case to a higher court. ^ At the distribution of prizes at Sorbonne, France, among colleges belonging to the *II Governor Mann, of Virginia, has issued university, two of the winners were Haitians. a full pardon for George Nelson, a colored One, a mulatto, won the prize for Latin man senlenced to one year in the peniten­ composition and the other, a black man, tiary for forging orders on a tobacco ware­ stood highest in Greek composition. house. The man is pardoned because he is A motion protesting against the com­ innocent and was convicted on incomplete pulsory accommodation of natives in the evidence. Transkeian Territories, South Africa, has 1$ Police Judge Osborn, of Columbus, 0., been adopted. Originally hotelkeepers were sentenced three white men to six months in prosecuted if they failed to accommodate the workhouse and fines of $200 and costs natives. each for attacking a colored police officer, Henry Lane. The judge refused to comply *3 A member of the Port Elizabeth (Africa) with the jury's request for leniency in the town council has succeeded in having all case. public seats in the municipality reserved for Europeans. The colored people are arrang­ THE GHETTO. ing a mass meeting to protest against this A SHORT time ago, when the colored discrimination. employees of the Pickering Lumber ^ The Kimberley branch of the African Company in Logansport, La., reported for Political Organization appealed to the school work, they found placards posted on the board to pass a compulsory school law for premises of the company. These placards, the natives. The school board expressed which the white employees are suspected of sympathy with the request, but refused to putting up, read: "Niggers, don't let the provide accommodations for the native and sun go down on you here." It seems, how­ colored children. ever, that the placards were simply a cow­ The colonization movement in Liberia has ardly bluff. been resumed after a lull of twenty years. *l The Boston Symphony Orchestra gives A. C. Faulkner, a colored man, of Baltimore, five concerts in Washington, D. C, each who sailed for Liberia on December 20 with winter, and heretofore colored people have his wife and child, is the first of the new been able to procure some kind of seats. colonists. This year it is reported that they are barred THE COURTS. from the concerts entirely.

WILLIAM YOUNG, a Negro, accused 1 Assistant Postmaster Mischenux, of Flor­ of assaulting a white girl in Way- ence, S. C, has been discharged. The only cross, Ga., has been acquitted. This is the reason for this action seems to be the fact first time that a Negro accused of rape in that Mr. Mischeaux is a Negro. The post­ Georgia has been acquitted. master says that he is determined to have

On Thursday, November 6, tion would fall on deaf ears. Is it not selfish­ AN INTERVIEW five colored men and one ness that I sit two years (if I am not way­ WITH THE colored woman, led by Mr. laid and shot down) and my people suffer­ PRESIDENT. W. M. Trotter, had an in­ ing? I laid the matter before my wife and terview with the President and presented a boy (two of the best friends I have on petition against segregation with 20,000 sig­ earth). My wife readily desired me to get natures. No record of this event has ap­ out of it all; my son thought best to stay. peared in THE CRISIS and the Boston I talked with Dr. J. H. Holmes and he Guardian is disturbed over the omission. finally thought that I could do no good. Dr. The explanation is simple. The monthly M. S. Brown, a friend of mine for many edition of THE CRISIS is now so large that years and a member of the present council, it has to go to press early. All matter for came first to my store, and we had a long the December CRISIS, for instance, was in talk over the matter and he took the matter the hands of the printer November 3. This under advisement, returning to my residence meant that this interview could not be men­ Friday morning, and we agreed that for tioned for something like six weeks. At that peace and harmony he advised me to time it could scarcely be called news. There resign." was not the slightest intention on the part So the colored gentleman resigned and of THE CRISIS to belittle or ignore this im­ named a white Democrat in his place, whom portant event, but monthly newspapers have he describes as the "Honorable James N. verv distinct limitations. Hiles." No wonder our race is still in slavery. A colored man who rejoices in ANOTHER the name of Horace Donia Coler- CRINGING ance was elected to the city coun­ It is always pleasant to have our

COWARD. POLITICS. gouthern white fr;ends fan out cil of Winchester, Ky., recently. His fellow white members objected to him; because then we get little glimpses of the therefore, he resigned and gives this lucid truth. In South Carolina the Columbia and brave explanation of his course: State does not like Mr. Blease and Mr. Till­ "Members of the new council got up a man, and has been saying things. The New petition declaring that they would not sit in York Evening Post says editorially: the council with a Negro, signed when a "In explaining South Carolina's indiffer­ friend of mine saw it by six councilmen, and ence to woman suffrage, the Columbia State I afterward heard that the seventh man makes a confession regarding the misuse of signed it. Now as far as I was concerned manhood suffrage in that commonwealth all of them asking for my resignation could which would justify any unfranchised por­ not affect my standing as a councilman. tion of the population in agitating for the They could themselves resign, but the ballot. The State has about 330,000 men of thought came to me: Will it be the best thing voting age. But 'the central and principal for my people in my ward for me to sit policy of our politics is the exclusion of two years in humiliation and being snubbed 165,000 of these possible voters from the and sat upon? polls because they are Negroes.' Worse re­ "They would do no improvements in the mains behind, however, in the use that the Fourth Ward, a vote from me or a sugges­ white voters themselves make of the fran- 172 THE CRISIS

chise. 'Everybody knows,' the State de­ covering everything in sight. The world clares, 'that in recent years we have failed does not want excuses and the damage being to conduct a white man's primary, free from done to the wishes of the community all the fraud and corruption. * * * We lack excuses in the world do not undo. There is either the intelligence or the courage to pro­ but one thing to do now and that is to get secute bribe takers and bribe givers. Our your name off the petition that we under­ corrupt-practice laws are honored in the stand blocks the way of the postmaster in breach. We have so far neglected to trying to get a force of competent white arrange a party enrollment that is even a people in the office.'" reasonable check on illegal voting and re­ We note with interest that some Northern peating.' The discouraging element in the white papers are beginning again to insist situation is that the primaries were once upon the farce of this sort of Democratic conducted honestly; their debauching is a government. The Boston Daily Advertiser, recent development. If there be 'treason' in a leading editorial, says: in the State's frankness, it is the kind of "In the name of ten millions of Ameri­ treason that it behooves honest voters to cans, whose rights are now refused them, make the most of." and who often suffer from the grossest in­ In this same line there is a funny extract justice on that account, we appeal to Wood- from the Florence (S. C.) Times. Florence, row Wilson, as President of the United by the way, has a majority of colored peo­ States. President Wilson has made it plain ple in its population. that he regards with concern the welfare of "The people of Florence have for a num­ a few thousands of Americans in Mexico, ber of years been trying to get the post- who are the victims of unconstitutional office here in the control of white men, and government in Mexico. Will he not also it is the very irony of fate that it is the lend a pitying ear to the cry for help which unthinking white people, men of business comes from some ten millions of Americans standing whose word is worth something in who suffer from admittedly unconstitutional the community, that has blocked the efforts government in the United States? of the people in this direction. The softness "Although the unconstitutional methods of the man who cannot refuse to sign any of depriving the Negroes of the South of paper that is presented to him is the whole their right to vote has been an open and story of cause and effect. It kept a Negro neglected sore in American politics for many postmaster in Florence long after even the years, we trust to President Wilson's own cities of the North had cast him over, and assurances as to his beliefs and policies in even the Republican party had repudiated assuming that he at last will overthrow this him. It now happens that the assistant post­ evil and heal up this pestilential evil. master is the one to be changed, and the "All Americans, unquestionably, felt a petition of a number of the business men line glow and fervor when they read of the city 'to retain him in some position the recent message of President Wilson to in the service' is apt to break up the whole Congress, in connection with the refusal of thing. We know, and the men who signed the American government to recognize the the petition know, that Florence wants a illegal and unconstitutional government of change in that postoffice and wants it bad, the dictator Huerta, in Mexico. * * * but they could not resist the request to sign "Is the government of the United States a petition to keep the assistant postmaster to-day 'constitutional'? Indeed it is not. It there, and excused it on the ground that is maintained only in defiance of the Consti­ they would not ask for him to keep the re­ tution. The vote in the Electoral College sponsible position that he has, but merely was cast for President Wilson (so far as asked that he be retained in the service. That regards the electoral strength from the is weakness dodging weakness, and men who Southern States) in flat, open, flagrant, im­ act so foolishly do not deserve to have any­ pudent defiance of the Constitution. Every thing that they want, for they neither have vote cast in the House of Representatives backbone nor judgment to appreciate what during a quorum, no matter for or against they get. They may excuse themselves all what measure, is admittedly and flagrantly they want, for half if not nine-tenths of the cast in defiance of the explicit commands people believe that an excuse is like charity, of the Constitution of the United States." OPINION 173

The Rev. Charles F. Aked Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury has SEGREGATION. publishes a strong word for already held up the promotion of two colored the Negro in the San Franciscco Examiner. clerks because of their color. Segregation He says among others things: is, beyond doubt, an entering wedge, and "The crime against the Negro continues. here is the chief significance of it all. Let North, as well as South, East equally with a precedent he established, and who shall say the West, hangs, shoots and occasionally what the outcome will be, to what lengths roasts its Negroes by order of Judge Lynch. despotic officials will take their way by State after State disfranchises its Negroes; means of discrimination, intimidation, by the 'Jim Crow' car is still running; the Wil­ above-hoard or underhand methods? Who son administration discriminates against the shall prophesy to what extent this caste idea Negro clerk or employee at Washington— may not be developed in the decades to and nobody seems to mind. come? If Negroes can thus be set apart "Florida shows the lengths to which the contrary to the spirit of the civil-service law crime against the Negro may carry a sov­ and of the Constitution itself, why not others ereign State. Last June a law was enacted —Jews, for instance? This phase of it making it a penal offense for a white person ought to appeal to every supporter of the to teach Negroes in Negro schools. Florida Woodrow Wilson administration. Every has no mixed schools. The brutal animus administration that comes into power in of the legislation is clear. Washington, whether it be good or bad, must "Washington answers back to Florida. expect to encounter an enormous amount of In the government departments discrimina­ criticism. The more virile the government tion and segregation, wherever possible, are the more determined it is to put through re­ being practised. President Woodrow forms on behalf of the whole people and to Wilson's administration is a Southern ad­ strike at intrenched privilege, the more cer­ ministration, with Southern prejudices and tain it is to be criticised and to have its Southern injustice to the Negro. His 'New motives questioned and assailed. This has Freedom,' which we were so innocent as to been particularly true of the Wilson take for the sincere expression of a great administration. man's convictions, turns out to be not in­ "How shortsighted, as well as unjust, it consistent with the old bondage to ignoble was, then, for it to have raised this issue of fear." segregation at this time, or for that matter The Boston Record says: at any time! Did it not have troubles "Negroes segregated and crowded out in enough with Mexico, with the Philippines, the Federal departments. Negroes excluded with the currency problem—with a hundred- from the White House welfare-work meet­ odd things? At the outset of his career as ing. Negroes barred from subscription to President Mr. Wilson has, from a politi­ Boston Symphony Orchestra concerts at cian's point of view, most wrongly and Washington. Just what is the idea? Here needlessly antagonized one-ninth of the is involved no question of 'social equality,' population of this country and its white but of ordinary human justice to men and sympathizers. He has alienated thousands women seeking first to work honorably and of colored voters in pivotal States, when it efficiently; second, to do their share in help­ would have been so easy to let the situation ing others to live better lives; third, to enjoy rest precisely as it was under Mr. Taft. those uplifting and inspiring influences Indeed, it may come to pass that Mr. Wilson which are the common rights of mankind. will go down to history as the man who set It is not an American program unfolding in motion terrible forces for evil without at the Capital." adequate conception or prevision of the dan­ gers he was inviting." "Colored people," says Oswald Garrison Villard, in the North American Review, There is, however, a rather indefinite re­ "rightly declare — as must every fair- port that segregation in Washington depart­ minded man free from prejudice—that this ments has either been lessened or at any spells caste. They believe that it is in­ rate is not growing. The Springfield tended to drive them out of the public serv­ Republican declares: ice by rendering it intolerable for Negroes "The Washington correspondent of the with self-respect; they assert that one of the Boston Advertiser, who has been paying 174 THE CRISIS close attention to the charges of discrimina­ else which takes public money to run. Thus tion between the white and colored employees he will be able in the course of time to in the departments at Washington, now re­ have some say as to where he shall sit as ports that the causes for complaint are being well as the other fellow, for he will be removed. The nub of his summing up part owner. follows: "These are the things which are to be the 'Negro segregation in the departments of outcome of the present segregation in all the Federal government has not only been public affairs. When we shall have demon­ effectually checked and therefore stopped, strated our ability to be independent, then but it is rapidly being disintegrated— and not until then will we become an wiped off the slate, in other words. Some­ integral part of the community like all body has seen a big light, and as the start other races and nationalities. And we of Negro segregation was very quiet, so its better begin now." demise is being conducted in a similarly noiseless way. * * * Segregation has largely In New York City Negroes been a movement in the under strata of the REAL ESTATE. „ , ,„ , departments. The little fellows have tried were for years bottled up in to put into force an idea that they had. It the slums and tenderloin. About ten years spread like smallpox contagion when it was ago a shrewd colored real-estate dealer, found that the heads were not saying any­ Philip A. Payton, found a way out by thing in opposition. But the opposition did convincing white real-estate dealers that come though from without, and has made colored tenants pay. The result was a itself felt by impressing the authorities high quick and enormous transplantation of the up who were so incredulous.' Negro population to one of the healthiest parts of New York—in Harlem. Since "In other words, when this matter was then repeated attempts have been made to called to the attention of President Wilson drive out this colored population. A cor­ he proceeded to deal with it without sum­ respondent in the New York World says moning a brass band and is getting the of the real-estate situation: results desired." "Another important factor is the Negro On the other hand, the Afro-American problem. It cannot be denied that the Ledger, one of the best of colored papers, Negro is entitled to pitch his tent wherever has this striking comment: he sees fit. Experience, however, has shown "If we are to be a nation within a that a colored invasion is followed by nation, then the sooner we understand it calamitous depreciation. As yet we are and get about it the sooner we will be in a not ripe for assimilation, and this disturb­ position to take a substantial interest in all ance has played havoc with West Harlem the things that are going on around us. to an almost incalculable extent. The average It is plain that if we want a share in a com­ Negro is, however, law abiding and proves munity Christmas tree we must have a a good-paying tenant. Prejudice on account community Christmas tree all of our own. of color should be overcome, with a resultant We must have our own stores and not de­ benefit to both owner and investor." pend on the stores of other people. In Meantime, however, Shaw & Company, fact we must have a little world of our own white real-estate agents at 1 West 125th revolving inside of the other and larger Street, are sending out circulars proposing world. The Negro must learn to provide an incorporated real-estate company to get for all his own needs, be what they may. rid of colored people. The statement says: The Negro must provide for everything, "In the last few years the colored popula­ from the birth of child to the death of the tion in the upper section of Harlem has great-grandfather. Boots, shoes, clothing, spread to such an extent that its effect on houses, lands, food, hospitals, schools, the real-estate values in the entire Harlem churches, orphan asylums, old folks' homes section has been very marked, causing and what not. He must learn to invest his shrinkage in values running into very large savings in bonds and mortgages of public figures. utilities; he must learn that he must be "The question will arise in considering represented along money lines in steam­ this proposition as to the section into which boats, street cars, railroads and everything the colored population could be transferred. OPINION 175

This is a matter for open discussion, there veloped, amounts to $1,030 per day from being several sections to which they could oil products alone. This is increased by be removed that would afford adequate the money being loaned out at the legal housing facilities equal if not better than rate of interest, making her income nearly those which they now enjoy, as well as the $400,000 per annum. The white guardian transit facilities which must be considered. receives 2 per cent, fee for handling her "It is the opinion of the people interested property, and the little Negro girl, although in the section through holding mortgages rich as Croesus, lives in a log shanty, has that the scheme is a good one, and they have but the commonest fare and illy made expressed their willingness to give the move clothes. If she were a white child her their co-operation. There is not a bank or guardian would see that she lived in a man­ other institution holding mortgages in the ner befitting her income, and was receiving section that could not be counted upon for the best education. Her riches only serve support. to enrich whites—only serve to enable whites "At the present time it is almost an to live in luxury while she lives in poverty, impossibility to obtain a mortgage loan in or next door to poverty. the section. "Only this week a decision was handed "With the mortgage market in such con­ down in the courts of this State in the case dition that the owners could not procure of Adam Doyle, an old Negro 90 years of mortgages on colored property in the sec­ age, who is insane and whose lands, worth tion, it would be absolutely impossible for many millions for the oil on them, were dis­ any one to hold out against this movement. posed of, which practically and clearly It would rather be to everyone's advantage robbed him. His present guardian brought to join the movement and thereby obtain suit to recover his valuable lands on the the assistance of the corporation." ground that he was insane, which he is, and Will the colored people and their friends not competent to make a deed or contract. permit the success of this monstrous attempt Rich white oil companies are now in pos­ to push back the colored population into session of his lands, worth many millions, the slums? having secured them from him for a mere song, because he was too unbalanced to A letter from Oklahoma to the know what he was doing when he signed ROBBERY. Professional World, a colored them away. The decision given in the case paper of Columbia, Mo., says: was that 'he is a man of unsound mind, but capable of some understanding.' This queer "In no State in the Union have Negroes decision legalizes the robbery of this old been robbed, actually robbed with impunity Negro, and gives to the soulless white indi­ and openly, as in this State, and to-day viduals and corporations which secured his white men are worth millions who have built lands under deeds and contracts which he up their fortunes by thievery. Practically all as an insane man signed. the rich oil fields in this State were originally the property of Negroes. When the restric­ "Oklahoma has many bright Negro men tions preventing the sale of freedmen's lands and women, some brilliant and strong at­ were removed by Congress in 1908, it was the torneys, but they cannot become guardians signal for wholesale robbery of these freed­ of the Negro minors who possess rich oil, men's lands, and the white guardians of coal and farming lands, because no bond Negro minors sold their guardian wards' for they could get would be accepted by the a mere pittance and in turn shared in the for­ courts, and because it is so arranged that tunes made from oil found on the lands sold. they cannot secure proper bond." Sarah Rector, the little Negro girl just out from Muskogee, whose income from her oil lands amounts to more than $1,000 a Florida's new law is still EDUCATION day, lives in a little log shack and wears being commented on by the the cheapest kind of clothes, and is given papers. The Milwaukee Free Press says: but a meagre education by her white guar­ "It is just becoming generally known dian, who doles out for her support but a that the Florida legislature, at its recent few dollars each month. To-day her income, session, clandestinely enacted a law whose with but perhaps a third of her land de­ object is to drive the white teachers out of 176 THE CRISIS

the colored mission schools and thus to Mr. Charles Carroll Sims thus argues cripple their efficiency. The principal sec­ against the compulsory education law pro­ tion of the law reads: posed in South Carolina, in the Charleston " 'From and after the passage of this act News-Courier: it shall be unlawful in this State for white "If the compulsory education law should teachers to teach Negroes in Negro schools, prevail, then, under present educational and for Negro teachers to teach in white conditions the Negroes would come under the schools.' same provisions as the whites, with the "The punishment for violation is a fine result of exceedingly high education, but an not to exceed $500, or imprisonment of not aggravation of the labor problem and an more than six months. end of agricultural pursuits. If it is true that the Negro is being educated in larger "Of course the second prohibition is numbers than the whites under the present wholly supererogatory and intended merely law, it is hard to conceive how the com­ to give the law a show of consistency; for pulsory education would relieve the situa­ there are no Negro teachers in the white tion. If it be admitted that both races would schools. be equally educated, a condition would arise "Compared with this law as an example in South Carolina of two races, absolutely of blind and fiendish race hatred, the seg­ different in kind, and utterly incapable of regation ordinance of Baltimore is mild assimilation, more or less equally educated, indeed. That ordinance, at least, does not struggling for supremacy. It would aggra­ push the vicious segregation theory to a vate the servant problem, and increase it in point where it raises a barrier to the Negro's all of its perplexities and worry, and cause education, the one hope of solution for the a continual warfare between the races which race problem. God intended, and Jefferson announced, "Indeed, the Florida statute is the best could only live together as master and evidence that there still exists a large body servant." of Southern men who prefer to keep the black race in ignorance and thus measurably For the benefit of THE DEMAND in its old-time bondage." those people who are FOR MISCEGENATION The Boston Advertiser declares that: deceived by the cries "The feeling that the South is in the of Southern demagogues we subjoin a few saddle seems to have spread rapidly through facts. The first is sent us in a letter: the Southern States. One of the indications "On Tuesday morning, December 9, Mr. of this is the recent action of the State of James H. Bell, a prosperous colored farmer, Florida in making a law by which it has of Cedars, Miss., a little town about twenty been declared illegal for white teachers to miles from Vicksburg, was found shot and teach Negroes in Negro schools and for died shortly afterward. Mr. Bell owned a Negro teachers to teach in white schools. plantation of 4,200 acres of improved land, The latter part of this law is probably quite with necessary stock and fixtures. This prop­ unnecessary, even from a Southern point of erty had been given him by his white father, view, and the first part is a provision which who still lives in the neighborhood. It is the is likely to work a great deal of harm in the current belief that poor white relatives of South. Even in the days before the war it Mr. Bell were implicated in the killing, this was the custom for white ladies to teach impression being heightened by the fact that Negro children. On many an estate in the Mr. Bell's younger brother was murdered South the mistress of the great house and only a few days before Mr. Bell himself. her daughters had school for the colored The plan seems to be to exterminate the children. The situation during slavery was family. The county authorities have, of therefore, in a certain respect, better than course, found no trace of the murderers of the situation which the State of Florida now their men." proposes to create. A great many colored Another is from the Muskogee Phoenix, people have become qualified as teachers in a white Oklahoma paper: the last few years, but to cut off the colored people from any instruction from the whites "Late last night two prominent Muskogee is simply terrible." business men were found by the police in the home of Maude Tate and Essa Thorne, OPINION 177 two Negro women. The house is on what is the vote of his classmates indicates that known as Frisco Alley, south and parallel to merit also counts, and that, too, without Elgin Avenue, between South 2d and 3d discrimination of race. This is the second Streets. The women were arrested and will time within recent memory that Harvard be tried in police court this morning at has ignored the color line in the award of 9 o'clock. The men pleaded to escape arrest classday prizes. Besides A. L. Jackson, of and to prevent their names becoming pub­ Englewood, on whom the present distinction lic, and were released by the police, as they is conferred, Roscoe Conkling Bruce, a were men who have good reputations and Negro student from Mississipi, was chosen gave promises to attend to their own affairs orator by his class eleven years ago.' and to keep to the straight and narrow path "Why should our contemporary assume in the future. The women, however, are that merit has won because a Negro has well known to the police, who have had past been chosen? Why should it be assumed dealings with them." that merit had been disregarded if a white Another colored paper says: candidate had been elected? Perhaps it will be urged that nothing but real merit could "Down in Georgia, not many days ago, a have overcome the prejudice against the colored man was sentenced to hang, and Negro—in that case we have the admission actually given life imprisonment because of a prejudice in the attempt to deny it he was caught with a white woman whose reputation was no better than those of "But is it matter of congratulation that Maud Tate and Essie Thorne. The poor a Negro whose great-grandfather was a black was literally railroaded to the peniten­ savage has developed greater merit than tiary 'as an example to learn Niggers to any competitor among some hundreds of stay in their place.' several races who might be credited with longer training if heredity count for any­ "It is such unequal administration of thing? Would it be a matter of congratu­ justice as exhibited in these cases that makes lation if Negroes could show candidates for bad Negroes and causes race strife, better fitted to be presidents or judges than murders and lynchings. The affair of Maude any competitors of the white races? Would Tate and Essie Thorne is not an isolated not the fact argue that the white races of this occurrence, but is one of countless instances country had degenerated as much as that of the same kind happening nightly in this the Negro had improved? city. "But if we assume that some Negroes have "Last week a leading jeweler at Oklahoma eclipsed white rivals in worthy fields, can City was sued for divorce by his wife, who we longer hold that slavery was a crime? named a colored woman as co-respondent." Is there a native Negro in his own land who has risen so high? Is there a Negro in any other country who has done so well? The election of a colored HARVARD'S Then is it not fair to believe with some man as orator of his class CLASS ORATOR. leaders of the race that slavery in the at Harvard for the third Southern States was the best school for the time within a generation has brought some Negro? Might not New England now urge comment. The Florida Times-Union does that the slave trade be resumed for the this quick step among the arguments: benefit of the Negro race as she once in­ "Perhaps we have now reached the second sisted on its preservation as her most profit­ stage in the development of public opinion able line of business?" as to racial distinctions—once it was taken for granted that a Negro had no political or social fitness because of his color, and now Two well-known London weeklies ENGLISH we may be ready in some sections to admit have noted our problems. F. J. OPINION. that he must have merit because of his color. Gould, who has been traveling in Surely we. have taken the second step if we the States, writes in the Ethical World: may believe the following editorial assump­ "Baltimore is a 'Southern' city in tempera­ tion from the New York World: ment, and bears spiritual marks of the old " 'Class honors at Harvard are reputed slavery period—that is to say, it more or to go by favor, but the selection of a Negro less willingly maintains social barriers be­ for the coveted place of classday orator by tween the white and the African. 178 THE CRISIS

"The African. * * * But I shall never for­ ress with white progress during the last get the uneasiness of my sensations when, fifty years is possible, for the starting point having been set down in the official program and the original momentum are so obviously to meet an assembly of 'colored' teachers, I disparate. The advance of the Negro must observed that some of them were all but therefore be judged not comparatively, but white like myself. Personally I was glad to positively; and, so judged, it calls for con­ be among these fellow teachers; but what op­ gratulation. Wherever he has been treated pressed me was the thought that there really without prejudice and with a genuine desire was no absolute line of demarcation at all. to make the most of his capacities, he has The races were visibly mingled, and yet the responded; wherever he has failed in his barriers were still stern and difficult. Negro duties as a citizen it is largely because he and European children attend different has been given to understand, by trickery schools, the teachers are trained in separate or by bullying, that his co-operation is not colleges and the 'colored' schools are of wanted and that his very existence is an inferior equipment. Not loudly, but often impertinence. The facts obligingly yield with determination, the European elements the exact moral that democratic theory re­ express a wish that Negro education may be quires : that if you treat a fellow creature kept at a low level in order that European simply as a fellow creature, spiritually and households may be supplied with willing, if essentially the equal of everybody else, you illiterate, cooks and grooms. get the best out of him—and he out of you; "This is not really a desperate situation. whereas if you treat him as an inferior, it One has to remember that the Africans were degrades both him and yourself, This is slaves till 1863 or 1865. Fifty or sixty years the answer to lynching in America as it is have not elapsed in vain. The very fact that to sweating in Dublin. my own tour has included some colored "Even if race distinctions of capacity are schools is a small but notable indication of permanent, that is no argument against progress. Indeed, for the Negro and equality; equality does not mean that in mulatto people, and for the whites who are every business of a thousand men there tinged by the fateful hue, the one hope is shall be a fixed number of Negroes accord­ the civic school. The stars in their courses ing to their proportion of the whole popula­ cannot resist the teacher, and ideas will tion, but simply that if any Negroes are finally overthrow old walls of prejudice and fitted to be there, they shall not be excluded distrust. Reluctantly, perhaps, but inevit­ on the ground that they are Negroes. There ably, Baltimore must solve the riddle of the is a ludicrousness in this insistence on a races, as must the whole vast South of the point so familiar to every thinking being; United States. It is not for me here to dis­ but the misunderstanding at which it is cuss so complex a subject as the economic aimed crops up every day, in the exclusion aspects and the political aspects of this of women from certain professions as well question. I have looked into the eyes of as in the doctrine of race separation. The young colored folks, told them my stories, race problem, however, all artificial mis­ heard their spontaneous replies to my ques­ understandings swept aside, remains a prob­ tions, and felt the pathos of their restric­ lem. There is difference of opinion between tions. One may estimate that the colored high authorities, and, in the result, a pro­ child is two years behind the march of the found ignorance. We do not know how white child in intellectual achievement. We race tells, what characteristics it irrevocably need not ask how much of the distinction is involves, or what characteristics intermixture due to heredity until (how remote the day!) on any grand scale might produce. The all social and educational limitations are solution cannot work itself out without removed. searchings of heart; it is bound to cause "But they will be removed. individual tragedies by the way; and no man "P. J. GOULD. can foretell the course of it. But at least "Louisville, Ky., U. S. A., November 18, it can be kept clear of base irrelevaneies. 1913." Quite apart from the question of whether a white man should look upon the colored Sidney and Beatrice Webb's New States­ woman as a wife, there is no question, but man says in a book review: a certainty, that he should look upon her as "No actual comparison of colored prog­ a sister." THE PHILADELPHIA NEGRO DENTIST

By J. MAX BARBER

THE Philadelphia Negro hood enhanced. The future generations will dentist has already become have a better chance in the race of life a power in the community, because of all of these facts. a factor for good among Second, the $30,000 taken in as fees go to his people. It was some make of these twenty men substantial factors twenty-five years ago that in the community, because they are con­ the late Dr. William A. sidered men of affairs. They receive that Jackson completed a course in dentistry at consideration from dealers and citizens the famous old Philadelphia Dental College. which men of affairs are entitled to. This He was the janitor of the school before and money enables them to support decent homes during the entire time he studied. The and families and to educate their children. doctor lived to build up a splendid prac­ The money they spend for outfits and tice, and before he died he aided, by counsel materials is an asset in gaining the courtesy and otherwise, several young men who came of the white race. into the field. Is the Philadelphia Negro dentist a suc­ Here, as all over the country, there were cess? This is a question which cannot be many colored people who did not, at first, answered altogether in terms of dollars and patronize the colored dentist. This is the cents. Success must be measured by the experience of all men of color in the pro­ good one is doing for his fellow man. Using fessions. Nor was this unnatural. The race this as a standard, I should certainly pro­ had been taught that a white skin was a nounce the Negro dentist here a success. passport to virtue and honor and an insur­ He is certainly saving lives, relieving pain, ance against blunders and inefficiency. promoting oral cleanliness, making ugly And, too, the black professional man had faces beautiful and establishing a point of had no experience. In striking contrast to contact with the whites that helps the race. the doubters, however, there were those whose The colored dentists here are all ethical prac­ race loyalty outweighed every other con­ titioners; with two or three exceptions, they sideration. They took chances on their own, are all clean men physically and morally, preferring one of their own race with a little bearing themselves as gentlemen and leaders. less skill to a white man. The Negro pro­ Many of them are skilful operators. It is fessional man quickly dispelled doubt by his safe to say that those who have been in accomplishments. There certainly is now no the profession more than four years are reason why he should not be patronized by making an average of $1,500 a year. That the race. is more than the average teacher, preacher, The Negro dentist here has become a lawyer or government servant makes. factor of social uplift. There are twenty There are no Bentleys here. Dr. Charles in Philadelphia, and they are meeting E. Bentley, of Chicago, must make at least and handling an average of seventy-five $10,000 a year. He is at the very top of patients a day. They take in, as fees, an the profession in his city and enjoys a large average of $30,000 a year. Their outfits practice among the wealthy citizens of the represent an outlay of between $18,000 and Windy City. But we have men here who $20,000. The dentists themselves are invest­ make $5,000 a year, as, for instance, Dr. ing in drugs and materials more than R. R. Royster. Dr. Royster was the first $10,000 a year. colored man to pass the Pennsylvania State Think how all of this must help the race! board. He worked his way through school First, twenty high-class men are coming in as a Pullman porter and a waiter, graduat­ contact with 450 patients a week, repre­ ing in 1S99 from the Pennsylvania Dental senting every stratum of society. The 450 College. Like most of our fellow men, he are receiving advice in oral hygiene; bought his outfit on credit. His skill as an are having their pains relieved; their operator soon attracted to him a very lucra­ appearances improved; their digestions safe­ tive practice. To-day his office is crowded guarded and their opportunities for a liveli­ during work hours. Many of his patients 180 THE CRISIS

tion and dentist for the Home for Aged Colored People. He is a civic force in South Philadelphia. Dr. V. Pinnock Bailey, of Germantown, started practice two years ago in a whirl­ wind. The dental dealers estimate his prac­ tice at $3,000 a year. It is undoubtedly true that Dr. Bailey has a larger practice than any of the younger practitioners, and it is also a fact that he has the most costly outfit of any colored dentist in the city. Dr. Bailey is an operator of dispatch and skill, has a splendid poise and great business acumen. When a colored man can, by his own efforts, go through a Northern professional school without having had the opportunity for at least the foundations for a classical education, he deserves great credit. When, after graduation, he can, by industry and application, achieve success he deserves even more credit. Among such men I would mention particularly Dr. A. T. Overby and Dr. James T. Howard. Dr. Overby came up from the farm, through the brickyard and Pullman car to the operator's chair. Dr. E. E. EOYSTEE, D. D. S. Howard came by way of the brickyard, the are Hebrews. They are so well pleased with barber's chair and the waiter's apron to the him that no influence could induce them to operator's chair. Both of these men are change their dentist. self made; neither had more than a prepara- Dr. Solomon Cox has been practising longer than Dr. Royster. He began to prac­ tice dentistry before examinations were required by the State board. His practice is, perhaps, even larger than that of Dr. Royster. South Philadelphia can boast no more skilful or careful dental surgeon. It was only a month ago that Dr W. T. Robinson passed away. Sixteen years ago he graduated from the dental school of the University of Pennsylvania as the second best man in the class. If providence had not put upon him the badge of a black skin he would have been honored as the first man in scholarship in the class. He practised in West Philadelphia since 1S95, where he was widely known as a pioneer dentist among his people. Dr. William Myers Slowe is a graduate from Howard University. His success here, where he has practised for the last ten years, is a splendid argument for the dental school at Howard. Dr. Slowe is, perhaps, the most honored of the colored dentists in the city. He is the president of our local dental society, a member of the Philadelphia Academy of Medicine and Allied Sciences, a member of the National Medical Associa­ W. M. SLOWE. D. D. S. THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH 181

tory education, but both of them have become A very good percentage of the men in the educated gentlemen through hard work and dental profession here are college graduates. wide reading at home. Both are successful A majority of the men are Southern born, dentists. but Pennsylvania is well represented.

THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH

T HAVE enjoyed reading THE CRISIS, with attitude and meaning of the Episcopal •*• the exception of the Christmas Church. number. The Cathedral service was resented by Your editorial on the Episcopal Church many church people, but it is fair to say was far fetched. Whoever reported to you that it was a meeting not of the general that the colored people were not well treated convention, but of the church institute and at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine the for the purpose of raising funds chiefly. It night you mentioned was certainly wrong. was not foreseen that the colored congrega­ I had several friends with me that night, and tions of New York would attend in such the efforts of the ushers toward all colored numbers. Most certainly the colored clergy people was to seat them front, and in every should have been asked to take part as well way to make them comfortable. as the colored choirs. For the other speakers Then, too, that was the night when the it has been considered a good thing that the combined choir of the colored parishes of Southern bishops should by their public Xew York City sang, and not at the delibera­ endorsement commit themselves to the high tion of the colored episcopate. This was educational standards and democratic spirit done at a regular session of the convention of the church institute. separately by the house of bishops, and that Later, at a full meeting of the general of the clerical and lay delegates. convention, a joint session of both houses, I have no briefs for Bishops Gailor and Bishop Ferguson, of Liberia, and Arch­ Nelson; they can take care of themselves. deacon Russell spoke and both were voted My only desire in this is "to render to additional time, although the white speakers, Caesar the things that are Caesar's." Bishop Brent and others, were cut short. Yours, I so much value your work and THE CRISIS that it would be a great disappoint­ (Rev.) A. G. C'OiiBS, ment did I think you would not come to Nashville, Tenn. recognize the contribution colored men and women are making to the life of the M Episcopal Church as well as elsewhere in Much as I regretted the arrangement of our country. the Cathedral service criticised in the Decem­ Sincerely yours, ber number of THE CRISIS, I still more HENRIETTA GARDINER, regret that it should represent to you the Lawrenceville, Va.

CERTAINTY

By LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL

PIAT have I fathomed of life, This: that though evil be strong, WWhat of its medley of strife, Goodness prevaileth ere long Sorrow and solace profound? However betrayed or beset; What can we creatures of dust That lie his own spirit cloth smother, Stand upon, swear by and trust, Who willeth the hurt of another; What my unshakeable ground? And this: that God liveth yet.

(.Reproductions of this picture for sale by THE CRISIS)

HIS MAJESTY, THE LATE MENELIK II., KING OF THE KINGS OF ETHIOPIA, EMPEROR OF ABYSSINIA, 1844-1913. MEN OF THE m0NTh

A MERCHANT. at last gave up his shoe-shining stand, pur­ chased a larger showcase and entered the IX years ago Charles Thompson, a frame building with an idea of doing S colored man of Sault Ste. Marie, business in souvenirs. His indefatigable Mich., opened a little one-chair boot- effort and eager desire for better quarters blacking stand on the corner of an alley, to display his goods inspired the owner of shining shoes and buying odd souvenirs from the building to put up an $8,000 brick build­ the Indians as they passed by. After a ing, in which Mr. Thompson now has about while he had purchased enough to place in a $5,000 stock of goods consisting of a little old showcase, which he displayed souvenirs, embroidery, notions and a rare in the window of a dilapidated frame build­ line of agate goods. ing alongside of his shoe-shining stand. The needlework is done by Mrs. Thompson, Daily increasing his purchases and sales, he who is an adept in sewing.

CHARLES THOMPSON'S ART STOKE, SAULT SAINTE MARIE, MICH. MEN OF THE MONTH 185

A YOUNG STUDENT. as is often done in the case of brainy JOSEPH MALCOLM FAREIRA, of Negroes. The name of Joseph Fareira has Germantown, leads his class in the already been placed upon the list of "dis­ boys' high school of Philadelphia. There tinguished members" of the class, and he is are seventy white boys and one other colored a strong candidate for one of the high-school boy in the class. Most of the white boys in scholarships at the University of the class come from Philadelphia and many Pennsylvania. are the sons of the best white people in the gg city. MENELIK. Fareira's leadership of these boys is pro­ ' | ' HE Emperor of Abyssinia, who was nounced and undisputed. In his language stricken by paralysis several years and mathematic tests he frequently made ago and several times reported dead, died

ME. J. M. FAREIRA. THE EMPEROR OF ABYSSINIA. 100 per cent, and has always been exempt December 18. He was born in 1844, and from examinations because of his perfect was the son of the Prince of Shoa, the recitations. That he is popular as well as southern of the four great provinces which brilliant is attested by the fact that he was make up the empire. He claimed an un­ almost unanimously elected as president of broken descent of nearly 3,000 years from the class, which is thought to be one of the Maqueda, Queen of Sheba. When the most brilliant that the school has ever gradu­ Emperor Theodore committed suicide in ated. His suggestion for a memorial to 1867 Menelik became King of Shoa, and leave the school was accepted and he him­ in 1889 was proclaimed Emperor of self drew the design. It is to be a star- Abyssinia. In 1893 he inflicted the crush­ shaped mat upon which will be mounted the ing defeat of Adoa upon the Italians, leav­ pictures of the members of the class. ing 7,000 of them dead on the field. His So far as is known this young student, great Queen Taitou led one of the charges who is 17 years old, has no white blood in against the foe. Since then Abyssinia has his veins, but is of a distinct Negro type, been unmolested by Europeans. Menelik is in color and features. His brilliancy can­ succeeded by his grandson, Lidj Jeassu, a not, therefore, be attributed to white blood, boy of 16. EDITORIAL

50,000. Second—The attack on property is IN February, 1911, we the natural child of the refusal of the asked for 10,000 sub­ right to work to Negroes. The year scribers and purchasers. 1914 should see a determined attempt We had them inside of to break down the rules and customs two months. In April, which bar black men from labor unions 1911, we asked for and discriminate against them in other 25,000 subscribers. We had them before ways in their attempt to earn a living. January, 1913. We asked for complete The worst examples of this are in financial independence and stated that the contract labor laws of the South this meant 50,000 subscribers and pur­ which virtually legalize peonage in chasers by January 1, 1915. We have agriculture. All of the advance labor 32,500 to-day. As a subscriber to THE legislation in the South specifically CRISIS or a reader of its pages will you excepts "agriculture and housework"! not send us one new subscriber this year Third—We might wait for all-healing and let us walk into the class of the time and reason in these economic larger magazines next Christmas? difficulties if education was all right. But education for Negroes is awry, WORK FOR BLACK FOLK IN 1914. and our work for 1914 is to begin to AmERICAN citizens of right it. Under the guise of introducing Negro descent and their "industrial" training the colored city friends have much to do public school has, first, been differen­ in 1914, if they are to tiated from the white system; secondly, stem the rising tide of shortened in length so as to end at the racial proscription. sixth and seventh grades, while the white First—They must meet the new schools have usually ten and twelve attack on property rights of colored grades; and, finally, it is now openly people which, under the name of "segre­ proposed to so change the character of gation" and under the excuse of such grade work that even the lower-grade equitable adjustment of social relations work will not be concentrated on read­ as to avoid "friction," is really a wide­ ing, writing and ciphering, but will spread attempt to prevent colored teach Negroes to work, which, as Super­ people from making good investments visor Guy, of Charleston, thinks, is more or living in decent homes. Its latest important than their learning to read. appearance is directed toward prevent­ Of course the majority of Negroes in ing Negroes from buying agricultural the country districts have no decent land, and against this last and most school facilities at all and here, surely, dangerous propaganda what honest is work for 1914. American can withhold his influence Fourth—The civil rights of Negroes and help? need defense in 1914. The annoying and EDITORIAL 187 illegal race discrimination in the civil really too ignorant to know when we are service, in hotels, restaurants, theatres, imposed upon. Truth itself is harsh on churches and Young Men's Christian the man or woman who must stand by Associations must be squarely and conviction, and truth must dare the frankly investigated and systematically harsh thing in order to awaken con­ opposed. science and sentiment. For my part, I Fifth—The robbery of the Negroes' desire you, with all my heart, to con­ political rights is the cause, and was in­ tinue to do as you have been doing, and tended to be the cause, of the invasion if I had the means I would see to it that of the Negroes' civil, educational and THE CRISIS went to thousands of people economic rights. Disfranchisement for who need to read it in order to have race or sex must go, and the work of their eyes opened. We are slumbering 1914 is flatly and fearlessly to restore over and upon the tired, subdued wrongs democratic government in the South and and crushed lives of our people, and overthrow the oligarchy which rests on know not of their writhings and sor­ the worst rotten borough system known rows, all because we have kept still when to the modern world in civilized States. we should have spoken out, and with me, Sixth—Finally, in 1914, the Negro free speech tempered, of course, with must demand his social rights: His the best reason and coolest logic, is the right to be treated as a gentleman when only thing that will stir the citizens of America to do their duty. he acts like one, to marry any sane, grown person who wants to marry him, While I was East I was.in attendance and to meet and eat with his friends upon the meeting of the Woman's Home without being accused of undue assump­ Missionary Society of our church, the tion or unworthy ambition. Methodist Episcopal, and I was success­ This is the black man's program for ful in getting our ladies to register a 1914, and the more difficult it looks the protest against the recent law enacted in more need for following it courageously Florida. I felt that it was but right that and unswervingly. It is not a radical the American people should know, as a p r o g r a m—it is conservative and great body of women representing one reasonable. of the greatest protestant forces in P. S.—The above statement was America, that we registered our protest solicited by the Survey and accepted; against such iniquities, and I send you then it was returned because the writer under separate cover a copy of the same refused to omit number six! that you may know the stand we took, and I shall be very glad to hear from you, some time, to know your impression A LETTER. of it, and if it will do our cause any J NOTICE in this past issue good I shall be glad for you to use it or a number of people who any part of it or comment on it as you wrote you and some felt see fit in THE CRISIS. that you were rather in­ clined to be inflammatory I am glad for the open letter you sent in your denunciation of President Wilson. It was what we wrong. Now I think just the opposite. needed and I surely have not read any­ I think we have crushed truth and sub­ thing better as an appeal in behalf of mitted to indignities so long that justice and right in a long time. people in America think we do not know I hope you will be strong and very when we are mistreated or insulted; in courageous, for our cause is right and fact, I have heard people say we are it must prevail. 188 THE CRISIS

THE SOUTH AND THE SADDLE. it wields four times the political power {"Should I become President of the United States, of the North! they (the colored people) may count on me for absolute fair dealing and for everything by which I could assist in advancing the interests of their race in the United States." ] HETCH-HETCHY.

THESE were Mr. Wilson's \ HAT is the remedy for the words October 16, 1912. unfair political prepon­ Why has the President derance of the South? failed to keep them ? Reduction of representa­ It is not because he tion. This the Republi­ did not mean them. He cans have undertaken did mean what he said. But Mr. Wilson for representation in the national con­ is seeking to keep his party intact for vention. We are glad of it. The only carrying through certain legislation. persons who benefited from full repre­ That party in Congress consists to-day sentation were the heelers of the lilly- of 290 Representatives and 51 Senators, white" movement in most Southern against an opposition of 127 Representa­ States, thanks to Mr. Taft. The next tives and 45 Senators. Moreover, the step will be to reduce the representa­ President's party of 341 includes 115 tion of the whole South, in order to Senators and Representatives from for­ release the West and the North from its mer slave States. intolerable political dictatorship. If these 115 members withdrew their We wonder if in anticipation of support Mr. Wilson's party would be a Western disaffection the Hetch-Hetchy minority of 226 votes against 287. For bill was signed? his policies, therefore, Mr. Wilson must have the solid South, and the solid South OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD. has but one political tenet: '' Down |R. VILLARD has been the with Niggers !'' chairman of the execu­ But how is it that the solid South is tive board of the National numerically so strong in Congress ? Association for the Because it represents not simply Advancement of Colored 16,000,000 white Southerners, but People from the day of 8,000,000 disfranchised blacks. Thus the its founding until January 1, 1914. He disfranchisement of blacks gives the took it when it was nothing but an idea Southern whites a club to beat them and left it a nation-wide movement, with with. twenty-four branches and 3,000 mem­ Not only that, but it gives the bers, out of debt, aggressive and full of Southern whites an abnormal advantage faith. Mr. Villard now feels that some over the Northern voters. This is easy of his burden should be shared by others to prove: and therefore becomes treasurer and In ten Southern States it took, in chairman of the finance committee, while 1912, 1,110,034 votes to elect 94 Cong­ Dr. Joel E. Spingarn succeeds him as ressmen. In the rest of the United States chairman of the board of directors. it took 13,926,508 votes to elect 323 Every colored man in America owes a Congressmen. In other words, 43,116 debt to Mr. Villard. Others have ignorant and low-down Northerners and shouted louder at the hustings and de­ Westerners are necessary to elect a bated and theorized, but not a single representative to Congress, but only worker for the new abolition has 11,808 aristocratic and wise white shouldered so much actual responsibility Southerners are needed to seat a Negro or done so much downright hard vrork hater in our highest legislature. No or raised so much cash to pay our wonder the South is in the saddle when bills. The task has been hard—harder EDITORIAL 189 than many realize—and the cost for an "Could not such a movement be overburdened man of affairs has been started through the medium of THE heavy. But the result will in the end CRISIS or other agency for the colored pay for the effort. The Negro race owes people—if such a movement is not a debt of deep gratitude to the grandson already on foot? of William Lloyd Garrison. "Very truly yours, (Signed) "GERTRUDE CHRYSTAL." WE MOVE. What on earth are the colored >IIE National Association churches of New York doing 1 for the Advancement of Colored People and THE THE NEGRO AND THE LAND. CRISIS will move into 1ISFRANCHISE the Ne­ larger and more con­ gro, give him an educa­ venient quarters Febru­ tion and full rights of ary 1. THE CRISIS was founded in one work and property. room of the Evening Post Building, 20 This will settle the Vesey Street; it overflowed into two Negro problem." Such and three rooms, and finally moved was the argument put forward in 1890 with the association to larger quarters when Mississippi began the nullification in the Evening Post Annex, 26 Vesey of the United States Constitution. Street, in March, 1912. Here we have What has been the result? The become so congested that we must move Negro problem is not settled despite the again. After February 1 the associa­ fact that nine-tenths of the colored men, tion will occupy a suite of four offices 21 years of age and over, have lost their on the eleventh floor of the Educational votes in the Gulf States. Education has Building, 70 Fifth Avenue, at the cor­ been restricted, cheapened and lowered ner of 13th Street, and near Union in efficiency, and most Negro children Square. THE CRISIS will occupy a suite of school age are out of school. Low of six offices on the fifth floor of the wages and caste restrictions hamper the same building. In the building are Negro worker and show little abatement. Ginn & Company, the well-known pub­ And the right to hold property? lishers, and the People's Institute. Even this is being openly attacked. In We shall welcome our friends and Southern and border cities a half dozen readers at all times. ordinances are making it difficult or impossible for Negroes to purchase city "I WAS SICK!" homes. JACCOMPANIED a But there is the rural South, the friend on a visit to Har­ haven of refuge for all true black men, lem Hospital this last if they read the Gospel according to Sunday. This friend is our best friends correctly. And yet serving on a committee listen to this, by Clarence Poe, of North of the social-s e r v i c e Carolina, editor of the widely read bureau of some Jewish organization and Progressive Farmer: her duty was to visit the sick in various "I have received hundreds and hospitals and offer a word of comfort hundreds of letters, representing fifteen to the friendless, etc. I was particularly States, endorsing the plan of race seg­ struck by the fact that very few of the regation I advocated on this page, colored patients in that hospital had August 30. * * * friends—and we went during visiting "The law I advocated August 30, it hours when most of the patients had will be remembered, was just this: visitors. 'Whenever the greater part of the land 190 THE CRISIS acreage in any given district that may MIGRATION. be laid off is owned by one race, a HE Oklahoma movement majority of the voters in such a dis­ for migration to Africa trict may say, if they wish, that in is a poorly conceived future no land shall be sold to a person idea and we warn our of a different race; provided such readers against it. action is approved or allowed (as being Migration to-day is ' a justified by considerations of the peace, serious matter and should be planned protection and social life of the com­ munity) by a reviewing judge or board and financed on a large scale. It is of county commissioners.' foolish for individuals with small sums "Such a board, as I have said, could of money and no knowledge of the be used by any white community to keep country to go to Africa. Africa needs itself white, but the Negro would almost capital, not labor; it needs technical never be able to use it to make a com­ knowledge and executive ability and not munity wholly Negro. If you are in small farmers. favor of such a plan and want to know Ordinary inexperienced farmers and more about it, send me a postal card laborers migrating from America to or letter at once." Africa would succumb to the trying "What is the reason of all this? This climate in very short time. is the reason in North Carolina: Let the migration idea stop at present. Colored Farmers 1900 1910 Fight out the battle in Oklahoma and Farms owned 17,520 21,443 protect the masses against the charlatan Land in farms owned 965,452 1,197,496 Per cent, of improved who is stealing their money. land 40.9 42.8 There is no steamship in New York Value of property owned. 8,828,581 27,448,410 Value of land 5,351,290 17,063,588 building for the African trade and Increase of value of all farm property, owned by Negroes, and the alleged 1900-1910, 130 per cent.; of land and build­ ings, 134 per cent. African chief traveling in Oklahoma is This is the reason in the United nothing but a common cheat who be­ States: longs in jail.

Increase Increase for Value of farm property farmed by colored 1900 1910 Per Cent, whites farmers $546,723,508 1,279,234,245 134 99.6 Value of farm property owned by colored farmers '. 179,796,639 440,922,439 145.2 93.2 Value land of owners 102,022,601 277,391,441 171.9 109.2 Value buildings of owners 28,662,167 69,354,013 142 74.1 Value implements of owners 8,352,975 15,852,814 89.8 69 Value live stock of owners 40,758,896 78,324,171 92.2 59.1

Here we are then: Advance toward RESISTANCE. property and independent farm owner­ HE Hindus in Natal and ship and a movement among our "best the Chinese in Panama friends" to stop it. are resisting white op­ We confess to some bewilderment in pression. It is a good this development, and we are waiting sign, not simply for for enlightenment from those wise colored folk, but for statesmen who have been volubly lead­ white folk. Bad as oppression is for the ing us out of the wilderness in these last oppressed, it is worse for the oppressor. ten years. For the sake of both it should cease. f THE ANNUAL MEETING f OF THE Y national association for the advancement of colored people

JOEL E. SPINGARN, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 192 THE CRISIS

ANNUAL MEETING. Johnson episode. No less than three anti- ' I ' HE annual meeting of the National intermarriage bills, one "Jim Crow" bill and Association for the Advancement of a full-crew bill, which would have deprived Colored People, held in the Charities Audi­ colored porters in Illinois of their positions, torium, New York, on January 5, was well were smothered in committee through the attended and was a distinct success. Among activities of the branch. Many new mem­ those present were Mrs. Henry Villard, Miss bers have been added during the year and Lillian D. Wald, President Henry C. King, the branch has most ambitious plans for of Oberlin, Mrs. Max Morgenthau, Jr., Dr. developing its work in the future. Charles E. Bentley, Mrs. Florence Kelley, No one at the meeting so eloquently ex­ Mr. Butler R. Wilson, Mr. Archibald H. pressed the real spirit of the association's Grimke, Dr. P. N. Cardoza, Mr. Ray work as Mr. Archibald H. Grimke, under Stannard Baker, Mrs. Robert M. La whose brilliant leadership the Washington Pollette and many others. branch has become a powerful, cohesive At the business session in the afternoon body and a great source of strength to our reports of officers and committees were read. organization. Mr. Grimke had the complete The report of the chairman of the board attention of his audience, which was pro­ showed an increase in the income and mem­ foundly touched by his appeal for the bership of the association of over 100 per necessity of unity of effort and the laying- cent., and a most encouraging record of aside of all personal .differences. He said accomplishments. THE CRISIS, with its cir­ in part: culation of 32,000, reaches 150,000 readers. "We in Washington have had to work This report will be printed in full. definitely to arouse the colored people them­ selves to their danger, to make them feel it through and through, and at the same time REPORTS OF BRANCHES. to make them willing to make sacrifices for " MoST interesting were the reports of the cause. Of course, those who know any­ -1- •*• branches, which lack of space pre­ thing about Washington know that it is vents our giving in detail here. They will rather a difficult proposition to tackle. be printed in full in the annual report of Washington is broken up into all sorts of the association. Dr. Cardoza, in a few factions. telling words, described the splendid work "Segregation was the thing that did the of the Baltimore branch, dwelling upon the work for us. The people became aroused work of legal redress. Twice the branch, and began to look around for the instru­ co-operating with national headquarters, has ment that could help them. We took great won its ease against the segregation ordi­ pains to point out that there was only one nance, and now it looks as if this might be instrument in fact (and I mean no dis­ carried up to the Supreme Court of the paragement to other organizations), but United States. The branch has invited the there is only one organization in this country association to hold its conference in Balti­ that can do this work, and that is the more in the spring, and is now laying the National Association for the Advancement groundwork for this. of Colored People. There is no use to divide Mr. Butler R. Wilson, the able secretary ourselves among a lot of little things, small of the Boston branch, gave a most interest­ organizations, some of them really organiza­ ing account of its organization and various tions on paper only and, like the Haitian activities. They have handled several cases arm}', composed entirely of colonels and of discrimination most successfully and their generals. Now, we have the machinery; we work of legal redress is rapidly developing have the organization; and I called the in importance. During the year, in addition attention of our Washington people to the to the support of their own special activi­ fact that it is of the utmost importance ties, the Boston branch sent to national that we assist such an organization in its headquarters almost $2,000. work. Dr. Charles E. Bentley, from Chicago, "One reason why I am interested in this gave a graphic description of the fight the effort, why I am willing to devote the re­ branch waged last year against the flood of mainder of my life to it, is that we are hostile legislation which followed the Jack preparing a machine that will be useful THE ANNUAL MEETING 193 fifty years after we are dead. Mr. Villard take and would make this association an is doing it, Mr. Spingarn is doing it, Miss ineffective association. Nerney is doing it, Mr. Russell is doing it. "What are these white people here for? They are all preparing a great machine. We are brothers and sisters, and as brothers We in Washington must help; also the and sisters we must use each other to the people in Boston. We must help to prepare best advantage. This association is the one the machine that can be used when the great organization dedicated to our freedom and leader comes upon the platform. He may we must do all in our power to make it not come for a generation, but let us pre­ stronger and stronger. pare the machine, so that when he does come "This is the spirit we have carried into he will not have to use his powers to invent the Washington branch. From Washington one. And it is my belief that that leader we have sent to headquarters since October is going to be a colored man. We have not 27 something like $2,500, raised by the the colored man now, for he must be a colored people for this work. We have colored man with a great brain and a great made no effort to reach the white people. heart who can take in all the little differences Our effort was to reach 100,000 colored among us and can reconcile them. people. The work that has gone on is won­ We must shake this country by agitation. derful. A regular bureau of speakers has We have that firmly fixed in our minds in been organized. They have gone from Washington. What we must do is not only to church to church, from society to society, talk, for talk is really cheap. All of us are from secret lodge to secret lodge, sometimes willing to say what we will do, what we will speaking two or three times in a day and sacrifice, but we want the proof of what you at night, until at last they have reached will do. I said to the Washington people: everyone and everyone was willing to give " 'Have you any wrongs? Are you willing something. to let white people do more for you than "This committee was organized after the you are willing to do for yourselves? Are great meeting of the 27th of October. We you going to let the people in New York were not able to raise much money that do your work for you and you not make any night. A committee of 250 and more was sacrifices? You must show these people organized, and each person was pledged to that you are willing to make sacrifices— give either out of his own pocket or to raise sacrifices of speech, sacrifices of action, sac­ in some way $25. They have done this rifices of money. You must give.' and some have raised a great deal more. We "They have done this. It is a perfectly have gotten our collections from the wonderful piece of revival in Washington. churches, from the lodges and from individu­ I never believed that the thing could be done, als. We have gotten Washington ready to but it has been done in Washington. School give and Washington has given. teachers whom you would not believe cared "It was suggested that we have a paid for anything but pleasure, society women, secretary in Washington, but I discouraged young men, have given themselves up, and I this. I said that with headquarters in New can scarcely speak of it without being York we cannot afford to spend any money touched almost to tears. It has been a tre­ in Washington, but send every cent to New mendous revelation. York. We sent every cent that we raised "If we could only get the colored people except our expenses—even the membership to understand that they must make sacrifices fees, of which we had a right to keep one- just as the white people make sacrifices, half—and we expect to send within a few and as the anti-slavery people did. Let us days $500 more, hoping at last to reach the never hear of drawing the color line in this $3,000 mark. It is not so much the giving association. What we care for is not whether of which we are proud, but it is the dis­ a man or a woman is white or colored, but is position of the colored people. They are that man or that woman the best person to do finally becoming aroused. a certain piece of work. Without any regard "If I could have a word to say to our to color, the right person must be put to other branches, I would say to them that work and you and I must back him up if all moneys ought to be sent to headquarters. we mean to get effective action. To put up In some way we must make this associa­ somebody against somebody else simply tion self-sustaining, and if the colored because he is colored would be a fatal mis­ people themselves could do it, it would be an 194 THE CRISIS immense advantage to us. This is our chance. Garrison Villard; attorney, Mr. Chapin We will never have another. If this asso­ Brinsmade; secretary, Miss May Childs ciation dies we will never have another body Nerney. of white people who will come together as these white men and women have come to­ PUBLIC SESSION. gether and espouse our cause—and I am speaking, as it were, over the possible grave The speakers at the public session in of the liberty of the colored people in this the evening, which was devoted to the country. Do not trifle with your oppor­ subject of segregation, were Mrs. Robert tunity. You are in a great crisis. The M. La Follette, Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois and spirit which we need, the spirit which we Mr. Charles Edward Russell. Mr. Villard must have, is that we must not only be presided. Mr. Russell's address, delivered willing to do, but we must be willing to with his customary eloquence, was warmly give. applauded. His picture of the discomforts and indignities which colored people suffer "The colored people seem to love more in "Jim Crow" ears was one never to be dearly their money than their lives. We forgotten. His comment on the rumor that must teach them to give; teach them to dare; the government has reversed its policy of teach them their strength. When we have segregation, "I think I know a political side done that, and have buried all our little step when I see it," drew smiles from his differences, when we forget that we are white audience who listened with profound atten­ and that we are colored in this organization, tion when he went on to show the signifi­ when we are simply men and women, cant relation of the ballot to the present brothers and sisters in the most glorious condition of the colored people and the power cause in this country, then we have done they could even now wield in the pivotal what the old anti-slavery people did: We States if they would present a united front. have set a torch, we have lighted it, we have applied it to the republic, and all the Mrs. La Follette was enthusiastically wickedness, all the wrong, will be finally greeted. She spoke with deep feeling and burnt out of it, if it takes fifty or seventy- conviction on the condition of the colored five years." people in the District of Columbia, telling of her long residence among them there. She condemned segregation in the most BOARD OF DIRECTORS. unqualified terms, saying that segregation in r T T HE following directors, whose terms street cars, in government departments and expire in 1917, were elected: Miss in other public places would be a national Jane Addams, Chicago; Mr. Elbridge L. disgrace. "Riding in street cars is not a Adams, New York; Dr. C. E. Bentley, social privilege. If you ride in your own Chicago; Rev. Hutchins C. Bishop, New conveyance you can invite whom you please York; Rev. W. H. Brooks, New York; Dr. to ride with you. On a public car all lines W. E. B. Du Bois, New York; Mrs. Florence of distinction and caste must be disregarded. Kelley, New York; Miss Mary White The United States Government stands back Ovington, Brooklyn; Mr. Charles Edward of the civil service. Whatever is done there Russell, New York; Mr. John G. Underhill, has the stamp of government approval. New York. There are over 11,000 colored employees OFFICERS. working for the United States Government, At the board meeting, held immediately more than half of them in Washington. after the business session, the following They have competed with white people for officers were elected: National president, their positions and are justly proud of the Mr. Moorfield Storey, Boston; vice-presi­ success they have achieved. This spirit, dents, Rev. John Haynes Holmes, New York; according to every ethical principle, should Mr. John E. Milholland, New York; Mr. be encouraged by the United States, and it Archibald H. Grimke, Washington; Rev. is a shame that a government should put Garnett R. Waller, Baltimore; Miss Mary its stamp of approval upon such unjust White Ovington, Brooklyn; chairman of the measures against a struggling people." board of directors, Dr. Joel E. Spingarn; Resolutions of protest were wired from the director of publicity and research, Dr. meeting to the President and to the Secretary W. E. B. Du Bois; treasurer, Mr. Oswald of the Treasury. THE HOODOO 195

OUR STANDARD FOR 1914. not lived in Washington cannot understand. ' I ' HE board of directors and officers wish Personal differences* have been laid aside. to express for the National Associa­ Great sacrifices of time and money have tion for the Advancement of Colored been made. People who had already worked People their heartfelt gratitude and appre­ almost to the limit of their physical endur- ciation to the com­ ance have added the mittee of fifty and strain of night hours, more, which has been speaking, organizing, working under the campaigning cease­ auspices of the Dis­ lessly, and with what trict of Columbia glorious results. To branch. Through have aroused this their efforts we have spirit in the city of been able to clear a Washington is debt of over $1,000, nothing short of a and now have a miracle, for almost balance in bank. This every man employed is entirely the work by the government or of the colored people. by the schools risks Since October 27 his position when he they have sent almost stands on our mili­ $2,500 to the tant platform. National Association, Even more than and the District of the substantial fruits Columbia .branch has of their work do we the honor of being appreciate this won­ the first branch to derful spirit which subscribe $100 for has animated it and the salary of the which is an inspira­ attorney. A com­ tion not only to us parison of this year's in New York, but membership with last also to all our MES. EOBEET M. LA FOLLETTE. year's for the period branches. They have covering from October to January shows set a high standard. May we all live up to an increase of nearly 700 per cent. These it. We regard their work as by far the figures indicate that the branch is surely greatest achievement of the past year. reaching the people. What we need now is similar effort in all What this means in work those who have great centers of Negro population.

THE HOODOO MARTHA GRUENING

'HEN I dropped into Bobby's deplored Herrick's presence on this occasion, room that evening for a I might have minded less, but his delight in quiet chat I was annoyed it was only too apparent. to find James Herrick "Oh, come in," he greeted me radiantly. there. I had never quite "Jimmy's here, spinning yarns. I hated to approved Bobby's enthu­ have you miss it." siastic friendship for him, Bobby and I have a very solid esteem for though I suppose the boy's pride in his one another, but Herrick is the romantic intimacy with an author and a man ten years creature who has captured his imagination. his senior is natural enough. If my nephew I found the latter seated in the big arm­ had shown any sign of realizing my annoy­ chair before the fire, with three or four of ance, had contrived to hint that he, too, Bob's young friends, Dane and Carrington, 196 THE CRISIS and some I didn't know, grouped around kim. much about the elder Lewises, for Edgar There was something irritatingly school- was an orphan when I first began to notice boyish and hero worshiping in their attitude. him, but I always suspected that he'd Bobby's somewhat perfunctory introduc­ inherited his hoodoo. I do know that next tions were soon over and he turned his to Edgar his father, Tom Lewis, was about shining face back to his friend. as unlucky a man as I ever knew. "Go on, Jimmy," he urged, "your "He was a farmer, but he didn't have the impossible one—you promised." shiftlessness that is so common in our part And then the slight stir made by my of the world, and though he wasn't a entrance subsided and Herrick's soft Yankee, he was thrifty. The harder he Southern voice and the occasional snapping worked, however, the worse luck he seemed of a log were the only sounds in the room. to have, and though he was inoffensive "It's about a man I knew—a friend of enough, he had enemies—and bitter ones. mine," Herrick said slowly, "and the reason So his crops were burned and his mule I call it impossible, and that some of you poisoned and, finally, one night (you've will find it hard to believe, is that all his life heard of feuds in Kentucky—well, we have he seemed to suffer from a kind of hoodoo— them in Alabama, too)—one night a gang bad luck—whatever you like to call it. It's of feudists, let us call them, descended on the kind of thing one scoffs at if it's offered his shack. They called him to the door and as an excuse for failure, but I knew him shot him down in cold blood and then—I and know that it was true. hate to tell you this—they went in and had "I knew him for fifteen years—eager, their way with his wife and daughter. There busy, striving years that were full of work were about a dozen of them, but no one and hope and dreams and just as full of dis­ ever saw their faces, though the poor half- appointment and failure and crushing humil­ crazed daughter, who managed to escape iation. There's nothing so strange in that, after they killed her mother, swore that she perhaps—the queer thing about it was that knew their voices. But, of course, no one he had all the qualities that make for success. paid any attention to what she said and, When I knew him he was young and strong, fortunately, she died soon after. he had talent and perseverance; just the "This happened when Edgar was 6, and sort of fellow you'd say would succeed. Yet I suppose that his escape was the first he never did and never could for no reason example of his hideous luck. His mother but that fatal curse which hung over him, of had hidden him under a quilt in the wood- which he was aware, but which even he never box and told him to lie still and not cry, no fully understood. Perhaps none of us knew matter what happened, till she or his sister the strength of that curse until too late. called him. So he lay there trembling all There are some people born within a over, but not daring to cry, although he shadow, it seems, and those who stand out­ heard her screaming and struggling. He side of it can stretch out their arms to listened very carefully to see whether she them, hut can't ever lift it or reach beyond wouldn't call 'Edgar' or 'sonny,' but she it, except sometimes like this, when it is too didn't. For hours he lay under the stuffy late." quilt, and at last he did cry, but very quietly, Herrick seemed lost in thought for a the tears just rolling down his nose and moment and little Dane shuddered with cheeks and onto his neck and making him so ecstatic sympathy. The other boys sat very wet and uncomfortable that he couldn't stay still, their rapt young faces toward him. there any longer. He thought his mother There is a kind of spell about Herrick, must have forgotten to call him, anyway, so especially that voice of his. he crawled out of the woodbox into the "He was ten or twelve years younger than blazing daylight—and you can imagine what I," Herrick went on, "and his name was he saw. Edgar Lewis. I knew him first as a merry "How much he knew, how much he under­ little chap of 5 or 6. He had the usual stood, how much of it became clear in after poor but honest parents, and the more years and mingled with his recollections I honest they were the poorer they remained; do not know. I only know that he ran or maybe 'twas the other way round. They screaming and sobbing until he came to our were our nearest neighbors, living about house. I remember his bursting into the a mile down the road. I don't really know dining room where I sat with my mother, and THE HOODOO 197 how we tried to soothe him and disentangle he seemed to expect an insult or even a his story from the incoherent sobbing tor­ blow and if you passed him on the street rent of his words and our sudden sickening he shrank aside witli timid haste. In those realization of what it meant. days ho had already pondered much, but "Of course the county should have cared always secretly, over the fate that kept him for. Edgar, but the county had its hands from the things that were easily within the and all its institutions full. There were reach of others and especially on the mean­ plenty of earlier victims of feuds and other ing of that night of terror and the red untoward happenings and, besides, there are dawn, which were almost his earliest plenty of chances for a boy to take care of recollections. himself in a community like ours. At first "He had gone to school three or four he stayed with us a bit, the servants caring months a year and learned to read and write for him, but soon they tired of it and so, very slowly and painstakingly, chiefly, I at 7, Edgar was thrown on his own suppose, because this was the only way in resources. He worked sometimes in the which his teacher could read and write. fields and sometimes ran errands or did odd Here for the first time in his life he found jobs in the houses of the wealthier people some sort of companionship and happiness. in our town, but chiefly he worked outdoors. Indeed it almost seemed as though his He ate the food that was given him, cold hoodoo had forgotten him, for in the little cornbread and the like—this was wages, you rural school he found that he liked to draw understand—and slept wherever he could pictures with chalk on the blackboard and find a place to sleep. with pencil on paper, and the discovery "But his hoodoo never slept. It was elated him. He used to fill his pockets with strange the way the boy, who was the chalk and walk along trying to make pic­ friendliest soul in the world, made enemies. tures on every rock and fence and telegraph He was the shyest, gentlest, most willing pole he saw—that is, until his hoodoo awoke creature imaginable, though he had in him and some one came to drive him away. He some of the proudest blood of the South; had always been a dreamy boy and this had soft spoken and diffident and yet with a frequently gotten him into trouble with kind of eager hopefulness of which his those for whom he worked, but now he was experience never robbed him, and it was in trouble all the time, for his life was all strange the way people were always mistak­ dreams and any work except picture making ing it for insolence and punishing him. The he looked on as a brief and necessary evil. farmers he worked for said they'd 'take it "Somehow or other it had filtered to his out of him,' and I suppose they did. It knowledge that in the outside world people was strange, too, that his history left people went to school longer and that picture untouched. Of course feuds engender bitter making was one of the things they learned, feelings, and yet it does seem odd that in all and one day he disappeared and was never these years I never heard a word of pity seen in town again. Afterward we heard for him, except from my mother, perhaps, that he had tramped, barefoot, for two days or our old cook, Mandy. and nights through woods and swamps until "I can't help wondering sometimes at the he turned up, half starved and utterly frenzy of cruelty the very sight of him used exhausted, at the door of file great industrial to evoke in people—and decent, harmless institute of a neighboring State. He had enough people, too, at least at other times. come, he said, because he wanted to learn. How deeply all this unfriendliness wounded He was disappointed at not being allowed to Edgar I didn't know until long afterward. learn more about pictures, but he was taught I went away to college and abroad and lo read and write and figure better than came back to find him grown into his early ever before. He learned something of teens, a rather awkward boy, still shy and geography and history, too, and was given secretly friendly and easily, so very easily, a real room with a*bed in it, and his first touched by a little kindness. There was whole suit of clothes. In return for all nothing merry about him now, but at the this he did a good deal of work of various back of his dark, soft eyes there was still kinds, and in the course of two or three that same wistful hopefulness. If he still years learned a trade—masonry or plaster­ had hope he had to a certain extent lost con­ ing, I forget which. He used to wish that fidence, however. When you spoke to him they would let him draw, but somehow none 198 THE CRISIS seemed to care whether he drew or not. He people who had seemed friendly or indif­ had heard of a boy in our town who had ferent, the resentment and jealousy of some gone to a Northern city and then abroad to of his fellow students—all those hideous study picture making and this puzzled him, human qualities which this sweet-souled but he decided that he had come to the wrong creature seemed destined to bring out in kind of school and must find the right one. others and their more hideous results. But So when the institute turned him out with Edgar, who had always seen and buried a certificate and a trade, the big Northern what he saw in the silent depths of his heart, city was his goal and there it was I found for once saw nothing; or rather he saw just him again. one thing—the picture he was painting as it "Edgar's hoodoo was a faithful kind. I would be when finished. It was a scene from don't believe it ever really let up on him. home, a field he had worked in as a boy, When you believed it had, it had a way of with a distant prospect of misty hills and cropping up and fooling you, but the one or two toiling figures in the foreground. nearest it ever came to it was during those "Then one morning I read in the paper first weeks Edgar spent in the city. He that the prize had been awarded. The found work at his trade and it brought him scholarship, it said, had been won by Edgar returns that seemed to him almost miracu­ Lewis for bis picture 'Winter in Alabama.' lous, and he found pictures, the first he The award, the account went on to say, was had ever seen, and people who didn't seem strictly for merit. The contestants had sub­ to hate him. This was perhaps the greatest mitted no names, merely numbers, and their wonder of all to him. work had been passed on by three of the "At first he spent his evenings in the nation's greatest painters. As I read, a great museum, but when I ran across him he was sense of relief surged over me. Perhaps, going to art school. When he was really after all, the hoodoo was dead. I could hungry he worked at his trade during the hardly wait to see Edgar. I ran to his room, day, but when he was only moderately hungry but could not find him. I waited a long time he preferred to spend all his time painting. and finally left a note asking him to hurry This sometimes brought the wrath of fore­ to my lodging. men down upon his head, but his head was "I waited all day and in spite of myself much too full of painting to mind. For the something like fear began to stir in my first time in his life he was actually handling heart. That old superstition which I despised colors and the joy of it almost intoxicated even while it haunted me was like a ghost him. that wouldn't be laid. Then, very late, Edgar "In this way things went on for some came. months and I believe Edgar was blissfully "At first he couldn't speak, but long before happy. Then one day a philanthropist he could his face had told me all I needed offered a prize—a European scholarship— to know. After a long while, between con­ for the best picture painted by a student in vulsive gasps that shook all his strong young one of the city's schools. I was seeing a body, he tried to tell me of his meeting with good deal of Edgar in those days, and when the prize trustees. How it had been like he showed me the announcement the same 'down home;' how, somehow, the hoodoo had thought leaped up in both our minds, only in sprung up again. How he had won—he was mine it took the shape, 'Could Edgar?' sure he had won, he was dreadfully afraid while in his eyes I read 'I can,' and looking of my making a mistake on that point, for at him I suddenly experienced the old it was his number and his picture, but when heathen instinct, the superstitious desire to they had seen him they'd said it was a mis­ placate the Gods because mortals are too bold take, and they were sorry—perhaps another or too successful. If only Edgar weren't time. * * * They were polite to him, he so confident, I thought, and my mind re­ managed to say between gasps, but they'd verted apprehensively to the hoodoo, but said—they'd said—and then he broke down Edgar seemed to have forgotten it. and clung to me, shaking. "There isn't much more to tell. For six "I don't think I ever felt the bitterness of months Edgar lived and worked and dreamed life as I felt it that night. For the first time only for the prize. It kept him from seeing I had personally come up against what I've things in his life which even I could see; called the shadow in which some of us are the old distrust and dislike coming out in doomed to live and the tragic helplessness THE BURDEN 199 of those who stand by, whether they try to I he boys eased the tension of their lift it or not. I wanted so to help him, to positions. give him some comfort, but there are thing's "But—but—whyf" Dane stammered sud­ for which there is no help. denly. "What was the hoodoo1? Didn't you "He left me at last, although I begged ever find out?" him to spend the night, and went, reeling a "But it is impossible," Bobby objected. little, down the street. It was the last time "How could that happen to someone you I ever saw him. What happened after that knew? You said he was a friend of yours." I only guess; but his hoodoo was not napping now and as far as I know it was this: That "Things like that can't happen without in an alley near his home, as he was some reason—not in America," added stumbling blindly toward it, he ran heavily another boy. into a woman—a girl—who was frightened By all the canons of his art, Herrick's and screamed. Edgar never knew what supreme moment had arrived. Were we not happened to him, I suppose, and if he had waiting breathlessly, obviously mystified? he couldn't have explained. The hoodoo But he hardly seemed conscious of his wouldn't have let him. triumph, and in the fitful firelight his face ''I found him next morning in the morgue looked suddenly old and tired. After a with the mark of virtuous citizens' boot moment's silence he turned to the last heels on his face." speaker: Herrick's gentle voice ceased suddenly. "Oh, there was a reason—Edgar was a There was a silence and then a long sigh as Negro—in America," he said quietly.

THE BURDEN

COLORED MEN AND WOMEN LYNCHED Elysian Fields, Tex.—Two men; horse WITHOUT TRIAL. stealing. 1885 7S 1900 107 "Barney, Ga.—George McDonald ; disorderly 1886 71 1901 107 conduct. 1887. 80 1902 86 1888. ' 95 1903 86 REPORTED IN MARCH, 7 (S?) 1889. 95 1904 83 1890. 90 1905 61 Cordelia, Ga.—Two men ; murder. 1891. 121 1906 64 "Lyrtis, La.—Preacher; debt of $10. 1892. 155 1907 60 'Manning, S. C.—Boy; assault on a white 1893. 154 1908 93 1894. 134 1909 73 man. 1895. 112 1910 65 "Andalusia, Ala.—James Green: shooting a 1S96. 80 1911 63 white woman. 1897. 1912 63 122 Union City, Tenn.—John Gregson; murder. 1898. 102 1913 79 1899. 84 "West Point, Miss.—Henry Brown; at­ Total 2,662 tempted murder. *Clay City, Ky.—Man; murder (?). REPORTED is JANUARY, 5. Salem. Ala.—Carson; no offense named. REPORTED IN APRIL, 8. Paris, Tex.—Henry Mouzon; murder. Mondak, Mont.—J. C. Collins; murder. Drew, Miss.—Man; party to a murder. "Issaquena, Miss.—Man; murder. Wagoner County, Okla.—Man; rape. "Albany, Ga.—Man; no apparent reason. Fulbright, Tex.—Richard Stanley; rape. "Kosciusko, Miss.—Man; assault upon white REPORTED IN FEBRUARY, 7. woman. Houston, Miss.—Andrew Williams; murder. Marshall, Tex.—Man; assault upon a white "David Rucker; same crime, "by mistake." woman. Drew, Miss.—Willis Webb; murder. "Hickory, Miss.—Man; assault upon white Marshall, Tex.—Anderson ; murder. man. 200 THE CRISIS

*Pensacola, Fla.—Man; assault upon white Charlotte, N. C.—Joseph McNeely; shoot­ man. ing an officer. "Springfield, Miss.—Man; assault upon white Greenville, Ga.—Virgil Swanson; murder. man. Jennings, La.—James Comeaux; attacking an Italian merchant. REPORTED IN MAT, 2. REPORTED IN SEPTEMBER, 10. 'Appling, Ga.—J. H. Moore; firing a pistol and creating a disturbance. Little Rock, Ark.—Lee Simms; rape. Tamma, 111.—Two unknown men; mur­ •Hogansville, Ga.—Samuel 0 w e n s b y ; derous assault. murder. Franklin, Tex.—William Davis; murder. REPORTED IN JUNE, 7. Louisville, Miss.—Henry Crosby; asking a woman if her husband was at home. *Harlem, Ga.—Man; drunkenness. Litchfield, Ky.—Joseph Richardson ; rape. Newton, Tex.—Richard Galloway, attacking Harriston, Miss.—Walter and W i 11 i a m a party of white men. Jones; murder. Anadarko, Okla.—Dennis Simmons ; "Akron, 0.—Man; as a "last warning" to murder. leave the neighborhood. Hot Springs, Ark.—William Norman ; rape *Bartow, Fla.—Man; assaulting a white and murder. woman. Beaumont, Tex.—Man; murderous assault. REPORTED IN OCTOBER, 3. Americus, Ga.—William Redding, shooting an officer. Hinchcliff, Miss.—Walter Brownloe; at­ Lambert, Miss.—William Robins o n ; tempted rape (proved innocent). murder. Monroe, La.—Warren Eaton; insulting a white woman. REPORTED IN JULY, 9. Cairo, 111.—Man; dispute with a merchant.

Yellow River, Fla.—Roscoe Smith; killing REPORTED IN NOVEMBER, 6. a sheriff. Wewoka, Okla.—John Cudjo; murder. Bonifay, Fla.—Man; rape. Dyersburg, Tenn.—John Talley; attempted *Reuben, Miss.—Man ; murder. rape. •Milton, Fla.—Unknown ; rape. sllazlehurst, Miss.—Wilson Evans; attack­ Blountsville, Fla.— Tempers; assisting a ing a white girl. criminal to escape. *Ocala, Fla.—Man found hanging from a Dunbar, Ga.—John Shake; wounding a tree; no facts known. white man. •Madison, La.—Man; assaulting a white *Germantown, Ivy.—Two men; no apparent girl. reason. 'Walton, Ga.—General Boyd; attempted rape. 'Haines City, Fla.—Samuel While, at­

tempted rape. REPORTED IX DECEMBER, 4.

REPORTED IN AUGUST. 10. Blanchard, La.—E a r n e s t and Frank Williams; murder. Laurens, S. C.—Richard Puckett, at­ "Haleburg, Ala.—Unknown; attempted tempted rape. rape. Ardmore, Okla.—Franklin and Ralston; 'Tunica, Miss.—Albert Coopwood; murder. murder in disputes. •Campville, Fla.—Henry White; found in a •Lexington, Mo.—George Winkfield; murder white person's house. and rape. Kilgore, Ala.—Unknown; no apparent Total, 79; possibly 80. reason. For alleged attacks or attempted attacks on women, 19, or 24 per cent. Morgan, Ga.—Robert Lovett; murder.

•Birmingham, Ala.—Wilson Gardner, half­ *Lynchings not reported hy the Chicago Tribune, witted ; frightening women and children. which is supposed to publish an accurate summary. A Little Pile of Books and. Pamphlets

HROUGH the patronage of The pamphlet is tolerably free from Mrs. E. H. Harriman a insulting terms and insinuations if we except study of heredity in the some nasty allusions from Louisiana on page skin color in persons of 106. One conclusion is, however, character­ white and Negro blood has istic of American science: been made by Charles B. "Recognizing the inadequacy of the aver­ Davenport, the well-known age black African Negro to play a part in authority on eugenics. The pamphlet of our highly developed society, a natural 106 pages with plates has been published stigma has become attached to black skin by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. color. Our social distinctions are based on The studies are based principally on that skin color; we have separate railway measurements in Bermuda and Jamaica and cars and schools for 'blacks' and 'whites.' acknowledgment is made "of the courtesy Meanwhile, in consequence of hybridization with which our field worker was everywhere and segregation of characters, we have black- received" by the courteous race! skinned persons with straight hair, narrow The results of the study go far to sweep noses and, as is well known, with many or away two ancient lies: one that white folk all the inhibitions and educability of the may have a black child on account of a black Caucasians. And, also (and this is of great ancestor several generations away and and increasing moment), we have white- another that mulattoes are infertile. The skinned persons not only with Negroid fea­ study says: tures, but with that lack of inhibitors, that "This brings us to a matter of great social absence of educability, that characterizes the moment to hundreds of our citizens, namely, typical west coast African. From a social the possibility of a reversion in the off­ point of view one may suggest that it had spring of a white-skinned descendant of a been better for society had it been possible Negro to the brown skin color. There is to find some simple criterion of mental in­ even a current opinion that such an extracted feriority that is as conspicuous as skin color. white, married to a pure-bred white, may Then we could have separate cars and schools have a 'black' child. This tradition has been for the feeble minded without regard to skin used to create dramatic situations in novels color." and in newspaper 'stories'; and the dread As a matter of fact there is not the of this tradition hangs over many a mar­ slightest scientific warrant for the sugges­ riage that might otherwise be quite happy. tion that the typical west coast African is In our studies no clear case of this sort has incapable of education, and this Mr. Daven­ been found, and our fundamental hypothe­ port knows or ought to know. sis leads us not to expect it." And again: "At Jamaica I asked several highly intelligent colored and white natives if they knew of cases of 'reversion' to black Mr. W. P. Dabney, of Cincinnati, col­ skin color. All replies agreed in holding the lected some data on this subject while fight­ idea mythical. It was thought to have arisen ing the bill against race intermarriage before from the fact that two very light-colored the Ohio legislature. His pamphlet of four­ persons might be the parents of a medium- teen pages, called "The Wolf and the Lamb," colored child." is not scientific, but has some interesting As to the fecundity of mulattoes, the comment and pictures. report says: "This matter has been considered recently by Eisher, who finds that the number and Two other pamphlets by Dr. Louis P. vigor of the hybrids of the Boers and Moore, of Howard, and the Hon. Archibald Hottentots has not suffered any decline. H. Grimke lie before us. There is no support in our data for the Moore's pamphlet might be used as sup­ notion of lack of fecundity of Negro-white plementary reading in schools as a review crosses, nor of their deficient viability." of Negro progress. Grimke's pamphlet, 202 THE CRISIS

"The Ballotless Victim of One-party "When the center of American interests is Governments," is an excellent argument to transferred from considerations of race to show the inevitable results of disfranchise­ the recognition of those surer standards of ment. When anyone argues that political birth, education and ideals, by which alone rights are not necessary to race advance, citizeuship is to be adjudged, racial preju­ send him these eighteen pages of reason. dice against the Negro and Negroid will The pamphlet forms occasional paper No. 16 become as insignificant in Anglo-Saxon of the publications of the American Negro America as it is rare in Latin-America. Academy. Toward this end the Negro and the immi­ grant should strive by removing the barriers M of color and of mutual fear or distrust which The volume of the American Academy of separate them, in order to make possible the Political and Social Science, entitled "The realization of the new and really United Negroes' Progress in Fifty Years," is on States of North America, without which there the whole a creditable publication. Its can be no union of all America." twenty-four contributors include eleven Thomas J. Edwards presents a ridicu­ colored men, six Northern white men and lously favorable view of the Southern tenant seven Southern white men. The little mono­ system. Professor Brough presents a rather graphs are grouped in four parts; one rhetorical case of "the Southern sous of dealing with general statistics, one with proud Anglo-Saxon sires" for a rational business and labor, one with social condi­ study of the race problem. tions and the last with educational and Christensen has a sympathetic study of cultural conditions. The statistical part pre­ Sea Island Negroes which shows decrease in sents well-known figures. Kelly Miller crime and increase in church support, edu­ writes of professional and skilled occupa­ cation and property holding. tions and R. P. Wright of unskilled labor. Work shows that while Negro commitments Dr. Wright's paper is especially inter­ for crime are much higher than white com­ esting, and emphasizes the fact that during mitments, that the Negro rate is nevertheless the last fifty years lower by considerable than that of foreign- 1. The race, then largely unskilled, has born Americans, such as Mexicans, Italians developed more than a million semi-skilled and Austrians. Peonage and unfairness in and skilled workers, business and profes­ the courts are cited as part causes of NegTO sional men and women. commitments. 2. The standard of the unskilled worker has been raised. Mr. Ray Stannard Baker, because he has 3. The unskilled worker has adapted him­ "confidence not only in the sense of the white self to a system of wages as against the man in the South, but in the innate capability system of slavery. of the Negro," is quite willing to let present 4. The average of intelligence of un­ suffrage conditions drift. skilled labor has been gTeatly increased. Dr. Haynes discusses segregation in cities. 5. Unskilled labor has become more Dr. S. B. Jones shows that the Negro death reliable. rate is declining with that of the general 6. Negro labor has survived the com­ population, and Mr. Lichtenstein, the editor petition of the immigrant. of the paper, says that "the rapid reduction 7. The unskilled Negro laborer has of Negro illiteracy from something above migrated largely to the large cities. 95 per cent, to 30.4 per cent, in fifty years S. Unskilled labor has to a large extent of freedom, and constituting the largest ele­ been the foundation on which Negro busi­ ment in the diminution of illiteracy for the nesses, the Negro church and the Negro United States as a whole, is a phenomenal secret society have grown up. race achievement." T. C. Walker's paper deals with the Stale The most indefensible thing in the whole of Virginia and his own county, where volume is the twenty-two pages given to a Negroes have made such phenomenal ad­ young Southern white man, Odum, in which vance in land holding. he tries to lay a foundation for separate James B. Clarke brings us the unusual Negro schools in Philadelphia. As a piece point of view of the foreign-born colored of scientific writing the paper is little less man and concludes with this sentence: than silly. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 203

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SCHOOL OF BEAUTY CULTURE AND HAIR DRESSING Kelsey's Hair Dressing, Hair Grower, Scalp Tonic and Face Lotion have no equal. Price, 60c each. Guaranteed under Food and Drug Act, June 30, 1906. Tr "• > ~T~ C^t ~M—"\ 7"l/~>( Manicuring, Shampooing, Hair Dressing, Marcel Wav- kelsey's LNS' Facial and Body Massage, Hair Making, Chiropody, I I I 1 etc., scientifically taught. Unlimited practice in parlor —* -•—J—d -MV- "k—' day and night. Pupils taught at home, if desired. _ . . „ , ,..,.„ Diplomas. Special Summer Course, $7.50 up. Send for Telephone Morningside 8162 booklet. Mme. A. Carter Kelsey, Gen'l Instr.; Dr. Samuel 143 ,™ _.13^!* st- A. Kelsey, Chiropodist, President and Gen'l Manager. NEAV YOKE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY WANTED Recommends teachers for schools; secures 500 Negro families (farmers preferred) employment for teachers. Blanks and to settle on FREE Government Lands in information furnished free on application. Chaves County, New Mexico. Blackdom is 1335 T Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. a Negro colony. Fertile soil, ideal climate. No "Jim Crow" Laws. For information Only No. 24 Southern Buggy write Highest Grade $65.00 A Value Unequaled. Sold on $1.00 JAS. HAROLD COLEMAN Profit Margin FrQm Factory to User Blackdom ----- New Mexico Write for prices and other styles. Send for catalogue. C. R. PATTERSON $25.00 PER WEEK & SONS. Greenfield, Ohio may be made in commissions by parties handling Largest Negro Carriage concern in the United States, ' 'History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American War" combined with "History of the Negro Tiace." 400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net. WANTED—ONE MAN OR WOMAN IN EVERY Address: E. A. JOHNSON locality to start a Candy Kitchen. Best paying 154 Nassau Street New York small business on earth. Few dollars starts you. Get away from wage slavery. Write for particu­ lars. Native Herbarium Co., Ambler, Pa. REGALIA $10 Business Course Only $1 Harvey L. Pittman, famous manufacturing chemist A Race Enterprise and mail-order expert, is now manager of the United Manufacturing Badges, Service Company and offers their new course, con­ taining seventeen guaranteed formulas for making Banners and Supplies perfumes, toilet and household preparations, with for all Fraternal and complete instructions for making, for local or mail­ Church Societies. Cata­ order sales, for only $1. This business pays big logue upon request. money the year round. Send to-day for list and valuable free information. . Address: CENTRAL EEGALIA CO. Jos. L. Jones, Pres. THE UNITED SERVICE COMPANY N. E. Cor. 8th and Plum Sts. 618 Fifth Avenue. East - - - Duluth. Minn. Cincinnati, Ohio Start a Mail Order Business and Make Money You can operate in your own home during spare COLORED MEN time. The parcel post has opened up the doors of opportunity to YOU. Others are making $20 to WANTED TO PREPARE AS $DO0 a week. Why can't you? By our method SLEEPING-CAR AND TRAIN you can start with $5 and up. We offer you thirty live, money-making mail order plans. You can PORTERS. make 95 cents profit on every dollar order. We No experience necessary. Posi­ furnish circulars, printed matter and place your tions pay $65 to $100 a month. advertising at lowest rates. Send 10 cents* for Steady work. New York roads. complete outfit. Do it to-day—Now! Passes and uniforms furnished when MAIL DEALERS WHOLESALE HOUSE necessary. Write now. 517 Dearborn Street Chicago, I1L I., Dept. 19, Indianapolis, Ind.

JAMAICA THE BEST HOME SITE Unequalled values at this time of year. New 6 and 8-room cottages, well built, all improve­ ments, title guaranteed. $100 down and $20 to $25 monthly. Immediate possession. Also small farms. Jamaica is the biggest and most progressive town on Long Island; it lias the second best health record of any town in New York State; and it is less than twenty minutes from New York City. Write for particulars. QUEENS REALTY COMPANY, Box 196, 32 DEWEY AVENUE, JAMAICA, L. I. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 205 MILES M. WEBB Beautiful Colored Doll Free Chicago's Expert Photographer This Negro doll has light brown color, long black hair, jointed limbs, sleep­ ing eyes. For selling our artistic Negro post cards and other beautiful cards. Large assortment; very cheap. Agents and deal­ ers are making big money handling them. Terms free. Sample of all post cards sent post­ paid for 15 cents.

J. GRIFFITH ART COMPANY 36-38 Beekman St. New York

Was Jesus a Negro

I specialize in every phase of artistic picture with Woolly Hair? making. Send me your photos for enlargements. Webb's books and pictures prove Prices reasonable. Satisfaction guaranteed. 'Phone it and show it by the Bible. A 6688 Douglass. picture, 12x18, of Jesus with WEBB STUDIO woolly hair, and His Holy Angels 3519 State Street Chicago, 111. at His second coming, and a book with Biblical references, extending from Genesis to Revelations, prov­ ing the fact. All for $1.50 and postage prepaid. The book alone The Loyal Knights and James Webb is worth its price. The following are comments upon the same: Ladies of Malachites ' 'I beg to say, after hearing Elder Webb on is incorporated under the the subject, that the blood of the Negro coursed laws of the District of Col­ through the veins of Jesus and Solomon. I am umbia. Its objectistocom- frank to say that I have seldom, if ever, enjoyed bine the Negroes of the such an intellectual treat. The position he world for their mutual ad­ assumed as the subject of his lecture touching the vancement along indus­ Hametic blood and race is difficult and requires a trial and commerciallines-. practical knowledge of Biblical and historical lore. It also stands for the full But I am pleased to say that he not only shows enjoyment by the Negro of himself an expert, but the master of the situation, *»___ j his civil and political rights, and I commend him to the ministry and churches rn £K"e This movement is interna- of our race of every denomination." bovernor tional in its scope; we have lodges not only in the United States but in Truly, Jamaica, B. "W. I.; Colon, Bocas delToro, Pan­ (Signed) Bishop H. M. TURNER. ama (Canal Zone) and Costa Rica. It is a dark day for the Negro and he must come together. "The evidence submitted by Elder Webb tending to prove Race movements have failed because our peo­ that the Saviour of mankind was a black man seems to be ple were told that by contributing thereto the sufficient to put those who oppose the proposition upon their race only would be benefited, but no tangible proof. Now that the chain of evidence presented by Mr. individaal benefits were offered. By our plan Webb appears so complete. It Is strange that none of the delvera In the Biblical records have not advanced the sensa­ the member pays 35c. per month in the Asso­ tional proposition before. Not only was Christ a Negro, ciation and receives $4.00 per week sick ben­ but It seems that Solomon, who has been held up through efits and $100 at death. We not only look all the ages as the personification of wisdom, had Ethiopian after the race but each individual member as blood In his veins, also."—Seattle "Daily Times." well. Abigconvention is soon to be held here. We want a lodge in every village, hamlet and Price $1.50 for picture and book. Send money town and a delegate to be sent to this conven­ order or express order to James M. Webb, 3519 tion. Organizers wanted everywhere. For State Street, Chicago, 111., in the care of the Webb full particulars, write Studio. KNIGHTS OF MALACHITES 1111 You St. N. W. Washington, D. C. A WANTED—Colored carriage smiths, woodworkers, trimmers and paint­ AGENTS WANTED—Big seller. $3 to $5 per ers. Sober, experienced men only. day. Costs you from 10 to 20 cents; sells for Address: THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth 35 cents and up. Sample free for the asking. G. A. ALBURY & CO., P. 0. Box 414, Bristol, Pa. Avenue, New York City.

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Residence 2546 Michigan Office Phone Telephone 5277 Morningside Bell Phone E-2161 Home 58 Main C. H. CALLOWAY DR. GERTRUDE E. CURTIS Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Surgeon Dentist Notary Public 188 W. 135th Street - - ' -' - New York City 117 W. 6th Street Kansas City, Mo.

Telephone Connection R. W. FEARING HARRY E. DAVIS Electrician Contracting, Repairing, Motors, Electric and Attorney-at-Law Notary Public Gas Fixtures 1607 Williamson Building - - - Cleveland, O. Electrician recent Emancipation Exposition in New York Office L. D. Telephone 3297 Market 85 Marion Street Brooklyn, N. Y. Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market

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Homes in Long Island! Few people realize the wonderful possibilities of Long Island property, the rapid growth of that section of the city and its wonderful future. WE ARE SELLING GOOD HOMES IN CORONA, with all improvements, only five cents carfare to New York. Corona is in the very center of Greater New York, and in a few months will be reached by the rapid transit lines of Manhattan, giving to the people of that section of the city a five-cent carfare to any section of Manhattan. The only place within thirty minutes of Times Square, Grand Central Station or the Pennsylvania Station, where the man of small means can get a modern home with all improvements at a moderate cost. We would be glad to have you visit Corona at our expense. Corona is one of the highest elevations in New York City, has an excellent car service, good schools, excellent water supply and the best place in all New York for children. For full particulars as to price and terms address L. S. REED & COMPANY 142 Hunter Avenue Long Island City Some choice investment lots for $50 on reasonable terms

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