DOCSLIB.ORG

Esterifikasi Gliserol Dari Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triasetin Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Esterifikasi Gliserol Dari Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triasetin Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Esterifikasi Gliserol Dari Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triasetin Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Nirmala Sari 1, Zuchra Helwani 2, dan Hari Rionaldo3 Laboratorium Teknologi Oleokimia Program Studi Teknik Kimia S1, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau Kampus Binawidya Km. 12,5 Simpang Baru Panam, Pekanbaru 28293 *Email : [email protected] ABSTRACT Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production from transesterification reaction generated 10% volume product. The increase of biodiesel production is followed by the increase of the glycerol as by product. Glycerol when esterified with acetic acid formed Triacetin. Triacetin has many uses for food, non-food and additives in biofuel feedstock that is renewable and environmentally friendly. In this study will be make Triacetin from reaction esterification of crude glycerol purified with acetic acid glacial and using natural zeolite catalyst has been activated. Making triacetin performed with a three-neck flask equipped with a condenser, heating mantle, thermometer and magnetic stirred at 100 ° C, 100 mesh size catalyst and reaction time for 4 hours. Process of qualitative analysis using FT-IR instrument has detected the exixtence of Triacetin product. The variables are varied ratio reactant of glycerol and acetic acid, and the concentration catalyst. The highest conversion obtained for 90.02% in reactan ratio mol glycerol and acetic acid 1: 7, catalyst concentration of 3% to weight of acetic acid. Comparison of reagents give real effect to the conversion of glycerol into Triacetin, while the catalyst concentration does not give a significant effect on glycerol conversion be Triacetin. Keywords: acetic acid, esterification, glycerol, Triacetin 1. Pendahuluan Gliserol merupakan produk samping gliserol ester maleat resin. Proses esterifikasi dari proses pembuatan biodiesel secara banyak dipilih karena dapat menghasilkan transesterifikasi yang dihasilkan lebih produk turunan yang lebih bernilai ekonomi kurang 10% dari total volume produk dan penggunaannya yang banyak dalam biodiesel [Khayoon dkk, 2011]. Gliserol kehidupan sehari-hari. Selain itu produk dari dapat diolah secara esterifikasi konversi gliserol ini bersifat ramah menghasilkan produk-produk seperti gliserol lingkungan dan terbaharukan karena bukan triheptanoat, gliserol monostearat, lesitin, tri berasal dari turunan produk petroleum. tetra butil gliserol, mono oleat gliserida, tri Tri Acetyl Glycerol (Triasetin) acetil gliserol, gliserol tri benzoat, dan adalah salah satu produk turunan gliserol JOM F TEKNIK Volume 2 No. 1 Februari 2015 1 yang dapat dijadikan aditif dalam biofuel rokok dan plastik. Pembuatan filter rokok untuk mengurangi biaya pengadaan zat harus memperhatikan kadar air yang dijaga aditif, menaikkan kualitas biofuel, dan konstan untuk mencapai pembekuan menaikkan nilai ekonomi dari gliserol itu konstan. Selain itu Triasetin juga digunakan sendiri [Liao dkk, 2009]. Selain itu Triasetin sebagai penguat rasa dalam industri sebagai zat aditif dalam biofuel merupakan makanan dan sebagai plasticizer untuk bahan baku yang terbaharukan dan ramah permen karet [Nuryoto dkk, 2010]. lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan 1.2 Zeolit Alam proses esterifikasi gliserol menggunakan Katalis heterogen yang bersifat asam katalis zeolit alam yang ketersediaannya banyak dikembangkan untuk mengatasi melimpah di Indonesia sehingga menghemat permasalahan yang diakibatkan katalis biaya pengadaan katalis untuk mendapatkan homogen. Penggunaan katalis homogen konversi gliserol menjadi Triasetin, dan juga asam pada reaksi esterifikasi menyebabkan untuk menaikkan nilai ekonomi dari crude kontaminasi sulfur pada produk akhir dari gliserol tersebut. Triasetin. Katalis ini juga membutuhkan netralisasi dengan alkali. 1.1 Triasetin Zeolit didefinisikan sebagai kristal Triasetin dapat diproduksi dari reaksi alumina silika berstruktur tiga dimensi, yang gliserol dan asam asetat menggunakan terbentuk dari tetrahedral alumina dan silika katalisator yang bersifat asam. Katalis yang dengan rongga-rongga di dalam yang berisi digunakan dapat berbentuk homogen ion-ion logam. Zeolit alam pada umumnya maupun heterogen. Secara teoritik setiap 1 memiliki aktivitas katalitik yang rendah, mol gliserol dibutuhkan 3 mol asam asetat. stabilitas termal yang tidak terlalu tinggi, Reaksi diikuti pelepasan air sebagaimana dan ukuran porinya tidak seragam. Oleh reaksi yang terjadi dalam produksi Triasetin karena itu perlu diaktifasi terlebih dahulu [Nuryoto dkk, 2010]. sebelum digunakan sebagai katalis Triasetin dapat dipergunakan sebagai [Handoko 2002]. bioaditif untuk menaikkan angka oktan pada bahan bakar minyak. Triasetin dapat 1.3 Reaksi Esterifikasi menggantikan octane booster seperti Esterifikasi adalah reaksi ionik antara tetraethyl lead (TEL), methyl tertiary butyl asam karboksilat dan alkohol dimana terjadi ether (MTBE) dan ethyl tertiary butyl ether reaksi adisi dan penataan ulang eliminasi (ETBE) yang ketiganya memiliki beberapa yang menghasilkan ester. Ester merupakan kelemahan karena melepaskan timbal (Pb) sebuah hidrokarbon yang diturunkan dari ke udara yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan asam karboksilat. Usaha-usaha untuk dan polusi udara [Mufrodi dkk, 2010]. mempercepat reaksi esterifikasi gliserol Triasetin juga digunakan untuk pemadatan yang memperbesar konversi menjadi serat selulosa asetil dalam pembuatan filter Triasetin dapat ditinjau berdasarkan atas JOM F TEKNIK Volume 2 No. 1 Februari 2015 2 faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap reaksi 2.3 Variabel Penelitian yaitu temperatur, katalisator, pengadukan Variabel yang digunakan dalam dan perbandingan zat pereaksi. penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel tetap dan variabel tidak tetap. Variabel tetap berupa II. Metode Penelitian ukuran butir katalisator zeolit alam(100 2.1 Bahan yang Digunakan mesh), suhu operasi 100oC dan waktu reaksi Bahan-bahan yang digunakan adalah 4 jam. Variabel tidak tetapberupakonsentrasi crude gliserol dari pabrik Biodiesel PT. katalis (1%, 3% dan 5% dari berat asam Wilmar Group Dumai, asam asetat pa asetat) dan perbandingan pereaksi gliserol merck, dan zeolit alam Yogyakarta. dan asam asetat (1:3, 1:5, 1:7). Sebelum digunakan, crude gliserol terlebih dahulu dimurnikan, dan zeolit alam 2.4 Proses Pembuatan Triasetin diaktifasi lebih dahulu untuk mendapatkan 2.4.1 Proses Aktifasi Zeolit Alam zeolit alam yang bersifat asam. Aktivasi katalis zeolit alam yang digunakan menggabungkan antara metode 2.2 Alat yang Digunakan kimia dan fisika [Yuliusman, 2010]. Metode Adapun alat yang digunakan dalam kimia berupa perendaman zeolit alam proses esterifikasi pembuatan Triasetin ini menggunakan HF 5%selama 2 jam ditampilkan pada Gambar 2.1. kemudian direfluk menggunakan HCl pada suhu 60oC selama 30 menit untuk meningkatkan sifat asam dari katalis. Metode fisika berupa kalsinasi pada zeolit alam yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Keterangan: rasio Si/Al, memperbesar luas permukaan 4 1. Statif 2 dan ukuran pori. Proses kalsinasi untuk 2. Klem 3 3. Kondenseor aktivasi zeolit alam dilangsungkan didalam 4. Slang air furnace pada suhu 500oC selama 3 jam. pendingin 5. Labu leher tiga Tahap awal dilakukan pengecilan ukuran 6. Termometer zeolit alam 100 mesh, tahap selanjutnya 7. Magnetic stirred 6 8. Campuran yaitu kalsinasi dan uji sifat keasaman reaktan dan katalis. 5 katalis 9. Heating mantle 7 8 2.4.2 Proses Pemurnian Gliserol Proses pemurnian ini dilakukan untuk 9 menghilangkan air, metanol dan sisa asam Tem Spee 1 p ed dalam proses pembuatan biodiesel tersebut. Adapun pelarut yang digunakan adalah Gambar 2.1 Rangkaian Alat Penelitian aquades. Sampel (crude gliserol) ditambahkan aquades dengan perbandingan JOM F TEKNIK Volume 2 No. 1 Februari 2015 3 2 : 3. Untuk menghilangkan warna pada volume 65, 109 dan 152 ml berdasarkan crude gliserol digunakan karbon aktif 5% perbandingan gliserol dan asam asetat dari total volume sampel yang sudah terlebih dipanaskan mendekati suhu 100oC dalam dahulu dicuci. Campuran sampel dan gelas piala, kemudian dimasukan ke dalam karbon aktif diaduk selama 30 menit, lalu labu leher tiga, dan reaktan dipanaskan dibiarkan selama 24 jam. Setelah 24 jam sampai suhu 100oC, sambil pengaduk sampel disaring menggunakan kertas saring. dijalankan. Selanjutnya katalisator Sampel dimasukkan kedalam rotary dimasukkan dan waktu dicatat sebagai evaporator, dimana sebelumnya sudah di set waktu awal reaksi. Reaksi dihentikan setelah kondisinya pada tekanan vakum dan suhu 60 waktu reaksi 4 jam. Percobaan diulangi oC. Untuk meningkatkan kemurnian gliserol, dengan mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi produk bawah rotary evaporator didistilasi katalis. selama 4 jam kemudian dianalisa kemurniaan gliserol (menurut metode FBI III. Hasil dan Pembahasan A02-03). 3.1 Pemurnian Gliserol Gliserol yang telah dimurnikan dan 2.4.3 Proses Esterifikasi crude gliserol dilakukan analisa meliputi Proses esterifikasi bertujuan untuk densitas, viskositas, kadar gliserol, kadar mengkonversi gliserol menjadi Triasetin metanol, kadar air dan kadar impuritis. menggunakan asam asetat. Proses yang Tujuan analisa ini dilakukan untuk o dilakukan pada suhu 100 C dengan mengetahui sifat fisik dari crude gliserol memvariasikan konsentrasi katalis dan PT. Wilmar Group yang akan dibandingkan perbandingan pereaksi.Gliserol dengan dengan sifat fisik gliserol yang sudah volume tertentu dimasukkan ke dalam dimurnikan. Sifat fisik crude gliserol, reaktor, kemudian dipanaskan sampai gliserol yang telah dimurnikan, dan gliserol o mendekati suhu 100 C. Asam asetat dengan murni dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.1. Tabel
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Triglyceride Transesterification in Heterogeneous Reaction System with Calcium Oxide As Catalyst
    Rev. Fac. Ing. Univ. Antioquia N.° 57 pp. 7-13. Enero, 2011 Triglyceride transesterification in heterogeneous reaction system with calcium oxide as catalyst Transesterificación de triglicéridos en el sistema de reacción heterogénea con óxido de calcio como catalizador Mónica Becerra Ortega, Aristóbulo Centeno Hurtado, Sonia Azucena Giraldo Duarte* Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (CICAT). Escuela de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS). Carrera 27 Calle 9. Bucaramanga. Colombia (Recibido el 03 de febrero de 2010. Aceptado el 15 de octubre de 2010) Abstract In this work, the behavior of the CaO as a potential catalyst for the transesterification of triglyceride towards biodiesel production was studied. The effect of the alcohol type, the ratio of alcohol/triacetin, the amount of catalyst, and the chain length of triglyceride on the catalytic behavior of CaO was analyzed. Total conversion was obtained at room temperature with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to triacetin over 1% of CaO, after 1 h. It was demonstrated that the whole reaction occurs in heterogeneous phase. During five reaction cycles the CaO maintained a high catalytic activity, showing its good stability. Additionally, it was established that the length of the triglyceride used influenced the transesterification reaction yield due to the steric hindrances and diffusional limitations in the fluid phase. ----- Keywords: Biodiesel, triacetin, basic catalysis, triolein Resumen En este trabajo se estudió el comportamiento del CaO como potencial catalizador en la transesterificación de trigliceridos para la producción de biodiesel. Se analizó el efecto del tipo de alcohol, la relación molar alcohol/triacetina, la cantidad de catalizador y el tamaño de la cadena del triglicérido sobre su comportamiento catalítico.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Annual Meeting Abstracts Biotechnology
    2013 Annual Meeting Abstracts Biotechnology MONDAY AFTERNOON BIO 1.1/PHO 1: Polar Lipids: Chemistry, Technology, and Applications Chair(s): X. Xu, Wilmar Global R&D Center, China; Aarhus University, Denmark; M. Ahmad, Jina Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA Enzymatic "green" Preparation of Sugar-fatty Acid Esters D. Hayes(1) (1)University of Tennessee, United States of America Saccharide-fatty acid esters are an emerging category of biobased surfactants prepared entirely from renewable resources that are used as emulsifiers in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, and possess anticancer and insecticidal properties. Typically, the esters are prepared chemically under harsh condition: temperatures near 200 C, employment of solvents, etc., which can cause undesirable side-reactions and produce waste products. Our group has been investigating the use of lipases and novel bioreactor system design to prepare sugar esters under solvent-free conditions and relatively low temperature: ~65 C. Using a stoichiometric feed of saccharide and fatty acid, our approach achieves 90-95% pure ester on a 10-30 gram scale, which, due to the absence of excess reactants and solvent, will require little or no further downstream purification to achieve industrial specifications. The presentation will provide an overview of our recent work, including an evaluation of its physical properties. Deep Eutectic Solvents: new Opportunities for Lipase-catalyzed Reactions E. DURAND(1), J. LECOMTE(2), B. BAREA(3), P. VILLENEUVE(4) (1)CIRAD, UMR IATE, France (2)CIRAD, UMR IATE, France (3)CIRAD, UMR IATE, France (4)CIRAD, UMR IATE, France In recent years, researchers focused on finding green alternative media to organic solvents for enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Kinetics for Synthesis of Triacetin from Biodiesel Byproduct
    www.ccsenet.org/ijc International Journal of Chemistry Vol. 4, No. 2; April 2012 Chemical Kinetics for Synthesis of Triacetin from Biodiesel Byproduct Zahrul Mufrodi Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmad Dahlan University 9 Kapas Street, Yogyakarta 55166, Indonesia Tel: 62-274-743-6596 E-mail: [email protected] Sutijan, Rochmadi & Arief Budiman Department of Chemical Engineering, Gadjah Mada University 2 Grafika Street, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia Received: December 9, 2011 Accepted: January 29, 2012 Published: April 1, 2012 doi:10.5539/ijc.v4n2p101 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v4n2p101 The research is financed by KKP3T department of agriculture and Department of national education Indonesia Abstract The reaction kinetic of the glycerol acetylation with acetic acid catalyzed by sulfuric acid has been studied in the frame of continuous triacetin production. Glycerol, acetic acid and sulfuric acid catalyst were reacted in a batch reactor, in order to get reaction kinetics data. The mole ratio of catalyst to glycerol and temperature were studied during the experience. This study concluded that the selectivity of triacetin increased with increase in mole ratio of catalyst to glycerol. Increasing temperatures lead to increase selectivity of triacetin. It will decreased at the time of acetic acid has begun to evaporate. Triacetin synthesis is an exothermic reaction, a higher reaction temperature will cause in shifting the balance toward formation of reactants. This needs to be anticipated by taking one of the products so that the equilibrium shifting toward product formation. Keywords: Reaction kinetic, Glycerol, Acetylation, Triacetin, Acetic acid 1. Introduction Needs of oil energy sources from fossil fuels are increasing, while inventories are running low.
    [Show full text]
  • PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION of LIPASE from COCOA BEANS (Theobroma Cacao
    448 Indo. J. Chem., 2008, 8 (3), 448 - 453 PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPASE FROM COCOA BEANS (Theobroma cacao. L.) OF CLONE PBC 159 Ratna Agung Samsumaharto Faculty of Biology, Setia Budi University, Jl. Let. Jend. Sutoyo Mojosongo – Surakarta 57127 Received 3 April 2008; Accepted 15 October 2008 ABSTRACT A study was carried out to characterize the cocoa lipase from cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao, L.) of clone PBC 159. The optimum temperature of cocoa lipase was 30-40 °C and the pH optimum was 7.0-8.0. The moleculer weight of the lipase enzyme was in between 45-66 kDa. The results indicate that Km value for cocoa bean lipase was 2.63 mM, when trimyristin was used as a substrate. The incubation of cocoa bean lipase with triolein and tributyrin (as substrate) yielded Km of 11.24 and 35.71 mM, respectively. The Vmax value obtained from the incubation of the lipase with a wide range of substrates, including tributyrin, trimyristin and triolein, are expressed as µmole acid/min/mg protein for cocoa lipase. Vmax values decreased with the increase in the triacylglycerol chain-length, with Vmax values of 27.78, 13.16 and 11.63 µmole acid/min/mg protein when incubated with tributyrin, trimyristin and triolein, respectively. Inhibition of lipase occurred in the presence of diisopropyl flourophosphate, N- bromosuccinimide and 5,5-dithiobis-(-2-nitrobenzoic acid). Keywords: characterization, lipase, cocoa beans INTRODUCTION According to Hassan [8] the lipase showed that the optimum temperature for oil palm mesocarp lipase Lipases are ester hydrolases or esterases since activity range between 20.0 to 32.5 °C.
    [Show full text]
  • A DFT Investigation of Methanolysis and Hydrolysis of Triacetin Abstract 1
    A DFT investigation of methanolysis and hydrolysis of triacetin Taweetham Limpanuparba, Kraiwan Punyainb, Yuthana Tantirungrotechaic,d,* aDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand bDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand cNational Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand dTheoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand * Corresponding author at: Address: National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. This paper was subsequently accepted for publication in Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM Volume 955, Issues 1–3, 15 September 2010, Pages 23–32 Refer to http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theochem.2010.05.022 for the final published version. Abstract The thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the methanolysis and hydrolysis reactions of glycerol triacetate or triacetin, a model triacylglycerol compound, were investigated by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of calculation. Twelve elementary steps of triacetin methanolysis were studied under acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed conditions. The mechanism of acid-catalyzed methanolysis reaction which has not been reported yet for any esters was proposed. The effects of substitution, methanolysis/hydrolysis position, solvent and face of nucleophilic attack on the free energy of reaction and activation energy were examined. The prediction confirmed the facile position at the middle position of glycerol observed by NMR techniques. The calculated activation energy and the trends of those factors agree with existing experimental observations in biodiesel production. 1. Introduction Triacylglyceride (TG) is a major constituent of naturally available oil and fat.
    [Show full text]
  • Formation of Polyol-Fatty Acid Esters by Lipases in Reverse Micellar Media
    Formation of Polyol-Fatty Acid Esters by Lipases in Reverse Micellar Media Douglas G. Hayes* and Erdogan Gulari’ Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2 136 Received July 19, 1991Mccepted January 7, 1992 The synthesis of polyol-fatty acid esters has strong implica- content to shift thermodynamic equilibrium in favor of tions in such industries as foods, cosmetics, and polymers. esterification over hydrolysis, and be heterogeneous or We have investigated these esterification reactions employ- biphasic in nature to accommodate all media compo- ing the polyols ethylene glycol, 2-monoglyceride, and sugars and their derivatives with the biocatalyst lipase in water/ nents and provide lipases with an interface, which in AOT/isooctane reverse micellar media. For the first reaction, most cases enhances the enzymes’ performance. We 50-60% conversion was achieved and product selectivity have employed reverse micellar media composed of toward the monoester over the diester shown possible by nanometer-sized dispersions of aqueous or polar mate- employing lipase from Rhizopus delemar. A simple kinetic rial in a lipophilic organic continuum formed by the ac- model based on the formation of an acyl-enzyme interme- diate accurately predicted the effect of polyol concentra- tion of surfactants/cosurfactants to fulfill these criteria. tion but not the effect of fatty acid or water concentration In addition, compared to alternate types of reaction me- probably due to the model exclusion of partitioning effects. dia, reverse micellar media provide excellent enzyme- The success of this reaction in reverse micellar media is substrate contact due to its dynamic nature, is easy to due greatly to its capacity to solubilize large quantities of prepare, and has a large amount of interfacial area.
    [Show full text]
  • Glycerin and the Market
    GLYCERIN AND THE MARKET By Valentine Chijioke Mbamalu Approved: Frank Jones Tricia Thomas Professor of Engineering Assistant Professor of Engineering (Chair) (Committee Member) Neslihan Alp William Sutton Professor of Engineering Dean of the College of Engineering and (Committee Member) Computer Science A. Jerald Ainsworth Dean of the Graduate School GLYCERIN AND THE MARKET By Valentine Chijioke Mbamalu A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master’s of Engineering The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga, Tennessee May 2013 ii Copyright © 2013 Valentine Chijioke Mbamalu All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Glycerin, a trihydric alcohol, had once enjoyed a good market value but, is now faced with global oversupply and this makes the market volatile. It is a byproduct of biodiesel production thought as an added value to biodiesel operations. It is now faced with an unpredictable market and probably oversupply as an outcome of increased biodiesel production. There are two types of glycerin market; the refined glycerin with its solid price and crude glycerin which is volatile. There are new applications for glycerin being developed or being implemented and it will be a source of strength to the market. This thesis takes an in-depth review of glycerol from its sources to refining and the market. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I thank the Almighty God for the strength and grace He has given me, without which I could not have made it to this point. I express my profound gratitude to my thesis advisor Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for Triacetin (Casrn 102-76-1)
    EPA/690/R-12/034F l Final 11-19-2012 Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for Triacetin (CASRN 102-76-1) Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS CHEMICAL MANAGER Jason C. Lambert, PhD, DABT National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH DRAFT DOCUMENT PREPARED BY ICF International 9300 Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22031 PRIMARY INTERNAL REVIEWERS Ghazi Dannan, PhD National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC Zheng (Jenny) Li, PhD, DABT National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC This document was externally peer reviewed under contract to Eastern Research Group, Inc. 110 Hartwell Avenue Lexington, MA 02421-3136 Questions regarding the contents of this document may be directed to the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development’s National Center for Environmental Assessment, Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center (513-569-7300). i Triacetin CONTENTS COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................... iii BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 1 DISCLAIMERS .............................................................................................................................. 1 QUESTIONS REGARDING PPRTVS .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACTS 2018 AOCS ANNUAL MEETING and EXPO May 6–9, 2018
    ABSTRACTS 2018 AOCS ANNUAL MEETING AND EXPO May 6–9, 2018 BIO 1.1/IOP 1: Biorenewable Polymers Chairs: Richard D. Ashby, USDA, ARS, ERRC, USA; and Baki Hazer, Kapadokya University and Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey Synthesis of Resinic Acid and Lignin Derivative in large quantity and high yield via enzymatic Dimers for Copolymerization with Vegetable Oil- catalysis using a laccase. After chemical based Monomers Audrey Llevot*, LCPO, France modifications, the obtained dimers were tested The awareness of environmental in copolymerization with different fatty acid deterioration and our dependency on depleting derivatives. The thermomechanical properties of fossil feedstocks force research to find innovative the polymers will be discussed, as well as the solutions in order to design a more sustainable sustainability of their synthesis. future. With a worldwide plastic production of over 300 million metric tons per year, polymer Dual Cure Alkyds Mark D. Soucek*, University of science represents a very active field in the use of Akron, USA renewable feedstocks. Among the available A number of different approaches have bioresources, vegetable oils lead to a large been used to speed the curing/drying process: platform of aliphatic molecules and to a wide 1) reactive diluents, allyl ether; 2) change catalyst range of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers Fe based; 3) change curing mechanism, moisture, after modifications. In order to broaden the UV or Visible light. Light curable alkyds were palette of renewable polymers, other molecules synthesized by functionalizing hydroxyl need to be investigated and used to tune the terminated medium and long linseed oil alkyds thermomechanical properties of the vegetable with methacryloyl chloride or acryloyl chloride.
    [Show full text]
  • PROVISIONAL PEER REVIEWED TOXICITY VALUES for OCTADECANOIC ACID (STEARIC ACID, CASRN 57-11-4) Derivation of Subchronic and Chronic Oral Rfds
    EPA/690/R-04/012F l Final 12-21-2004 Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values for Octadecanoic Acid (Stearic Acid) (CASRN 57-11-4) Derivation of Subchronic and Chronic Oral RfDs Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 Acronyms and Abbreviations bw body weight cc cubic centimeters CD Caesarean Delivered CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 CNS central nervous system cu.m cubic meter DWEL Drinking Water Equivalent Level FEL frank-effect level FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act g grams GI gastrointestinal HEC human equivalent concentration Hgb hemoglobin i.m. intramuscular i.p. intraperitoneal i.v. intravenous IRIS Integrated Risk Information System IUR inhalation unit risk kg kilogram L liter LEL lowest-effect level LOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect level LOAEL(ADJ) LOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration LOAEL(HEC) LOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human m meter MCL maximum contaminant level MCLG maximum contaminant level goal MF modifying factor mg milligram mg/kg milligrams per kilogram mg/L milligrams per liter MRL minimal risk level i MTD maximum tolerated dose MTL median threshold limit NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NOAEL no-observed-adverse-effect level NOAEL(ADJ) NOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration NOAEL(HEC) NOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across
    [Show full text]
  • Triacetin Triacetin
    Material Safety Data Sheet Triacetin Triacetin MSDS# 48961 Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification MSDS Name: Triacetin Catalog Numbers: AC139220000, AC139220010, AC139220025, AC139220050, AC139225000 Synonyms: Glycerol triacetate; 1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate. Acros Organics BVBA Company Identification: Janssen Pharmaceuticalaan 3a 2440 Geel, Belgium Acros Organics Company Identification: (USA) One Reagent Lane Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 For information in the US, call: 800-ACROS-01 For information in Europe, call: +32 14 57 52 11 Emergency Number, Europe: +32 14 57 52 99 Emergency Number US: 201-796-7100 CHEMTREC Phone Number, US: 800-424-9300 CHEMTREC Phone Number, Europe: 703-527-3887 Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients ---------------------------------------- CAS#: 102-76-1 Chemical Name: Triacetin %: 99% EINECS#: 203-051-9 ---------------------------------------- Hazard Symbols: None listed Risk Phrases: None listed Section 3 - Hazards Identification EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Caution! The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated. May cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. Target Organs: None known. Potential Health Effects Eye: May cause eye irritation. Skin: May cause skin irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. Ingestion: May cause irritation of the digestive tract. May be harmful if swallowed. Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if inhaled. Chronic: Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutagenic effects. Section 4 - First Aid Measures Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower Eyes: eyelids. If irritation develops, get medical aid. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and Skin: shoes.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Hydrolysis of Fats and Oils
    Investigating the Hydrolysis of Fats and Oils Background Fats and oils are esters of triglycerols and fatty acids. Hydrolysis can break down a fat or oil and release the triglycerol and fatty acids. The acids can be separated and identified and this information can be used to identify the original fat or oil. Practical Techniques You will need to find out about volumetric analysis (titrations) and how to make up accurate solutions. You also need to find out about using a pH meter Where to start An enzyme called lipase catalyses the hydrolysis of the fats and oils. When the hydrolysis occurs the fatty acids will be released and the acidity of the reaction mixture will rise. An alkali can be added to the reaction mixture to neutralise the fatty acids. The rate at which the alkali needs to be added can be used as a measure of the rate of the hydrolysis. Plan an experiment to hydrolyse an oil and measure the rate of hydrolysis. Possible Investigations · Investigate the effect of changing the concentration of the enzyme on the rate of the reaction. · Investigate the effect of changing the concentration of the oil on the rate of the reaction. · Investigate the effect of changing the concentration and /or type of the detergent on the rate of the reaction. · Investigate the effect of changing the temperature on the rate of the reaction. · Investigate the effect of changing the type of oil on the rate of the reaction. · Investigate the effect of changing the pH at which the experiment is run at.
    [Show full text]