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2008 Annual Progress Report International AIDS Vaccine Initiative 2008 Annual Progress Report avi IAVI’s mission is to ensure the development of safe, effective, accessible, preventive HIV vaccines for use throughout the world. OFFICES New York Headquarters 110 William Street, Floor 27 New York, N..Y. 10038-3901 U.S.A. Tel: +1 212 847 1111 Fax: +1 212 847 1112 East Africa Postal address: P.O. Box 340 KNH Nairobi, Kenya 00202 Tel: +254 20 445 3596/7 Fax: + 254 20 445 3598 Europe Herengracht 208 1016 BS Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel: +31 20 521 0030 Fax: +31 20 521 0039 India D-64, Second Floor, Defence Colony New Delhi, 110 024, India Tel: +91 11 24652668 Fax: +91 11 24646464 Southern Africa Ground Floor, Block 6, Albury Park Corner Albury Road & Jan Smuts Avenue Dunkeld West 2196 Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 325 4737 Fax: +27 11 759 6210 www.iavi.org ) [email protected] Copyright © 2009 International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. All rights reserved. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, IAVI and the IAVI logo are trademarks of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. This report is available online at http://www.iavi.org. Evolution The new AIDS Vaccine The new IAVI Neutralizing A fully operational Design and Development Antibody Center at The Innovation Fund to promote Laboratory Scripps Research Institute cutting-edge science JULIANA THOMAS PHOTOGRAPHY Commitment Global Clinical Community network of trial center outreach and partnerships support social science VANESSA VICK Promise Build scientific and Sustain local, Ensure access to human capacity in national and global vaccines where the developing world focus on ending AIDS they’re needed most VANESSA VICK Message from the President Since we were founded in 1996, the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative has undergone constant change as we have pursued our mission of ensuring the development of an AIDS vaccine for the world. Still, 2008 stands out as a particularly eventful period in our history. As part of our ongoing efforts to address the scientific challenges facing AIDS vaccine designers, IAVI in 2008 significantly expanded our applied research program, aimed at informing the design of improved AIDS vaccine candidates. We opened a new laboratory in New York City and a joint facility with The Scripps Research Institute in California. With the benefit of IAVI-supported clinical research centers in Africa, we stepped up the search for HIV-infected individuals who produce neutralizing antibodies to HIV. And we fully operationalized our Innovation Fund, which finances out-of-the box technologies that could advance AIDS vaccine research and development. Together, these efforts at year’s end produced an advance that may help accelerate the solution of the key problem of how to design a vaccine that elicits neutralizing antibodies to HIV. But that’s just part of our 2008 story, of course. The full picture is provided in the following report. IAVI is called an “initiative” for a reason—those of us who work at IAVI are only a part of the endeavor. None of what we achieved last year, or in any of IAVI’s history, would have been possible without the commitment of our many partners and collaborators, including political leaders, policy makers, scientists, members of civil society and multilateral groups. We are continually enlightened by our engagement with partners, and grateful for their generosity. We are especially indebted to the volunteers who graciously participate in clinical trials and studies. They are the greatest heroes of AIDS vaccine R&D. And last but not least, we also are grateful to our many generous donors, whose sustained support for us despite the challenging economic environment is a source of great inspiration. We thank those of you who have been a part of our mission, and invite the rest of you to join us as we continue to move toward our vision of a world without AIDS. 6 International AIDS Vaccine Initiative INTRODUCTION HOPE AMID CRISIS She arrived tired and weak, but with a hope that had steeled her through the long trip to Entebbe. Her name was Rose, and she presented two granddaughters no older than 10, colorfully outfitted in matching ruffled dresses. Wiping the perspiration from her brow with a handkerchief, Rose explained to the staffer at the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative’s Uganda office that she already had lost the girls’ mothers and two additional children to AIDS, and now she was raising seven grandchildren left behind. At that moment, more than 1.5 million Ugandans had died of AIDS, leaving behind more than 1 million orphans. Rose had taken that long trip on a very hot day, having read in the newspaper that “the vaccine people” had arrived in Uganda. Now she wanted to get her granddaughters an inoculation that would protect them from the fate of their lost mothers. Rose imagined a world without AIDS, but she was In this report too early. The IAVI staffer explained the purpose of the 8 | Overview organization’s presence in Uganda: to test experimental AIDS vaccines in an effort to one day develop an effective vaccine. 12 | Research & Development She gave Rose and her granddaughters tea and cookies, the best information available on how to prevent HIV infection and a 22 | Working referral to an HIV-prevention education group in Kampala. with Communities Rose’s story, and those of millions of others like Rose, her 25 | Sustaining Support daughters and her grandchildren, motivate the work we do at IAVI. Individuals like Rose have lost too much. Young people 29 | Looking Ahead like her grandchildren are in far too grave a danger. We need to be able to offer them more than tea and the same prevention 31 | Financial Abstract advice that has the world registering 7,400 new HIV infections 32 | About IAVI every single day. We need to offer a revolutionary change. At IAVI, we believe the development of an AIDS vaccine 35 | Summary of can be that revolutionary change. This report describes 2008 Achievements our progress in 2008 toward our mission of ensuring the development of a safe, effective, accessible, preventive AIDS vaccine for use throughout the world. Such a vaccine offers the best hope of ending the AIDS pandemic and returning us to a world without AIDS. 2008 Annual Progress Report 7 PART I OVERVIEW Meeting the challenge 2008 was a year of considerable transition for IAVI. Most notably, it was the year the organization added its own bricks-and-mortar dimension to an expanding, global applied research program, opening two state-of-the-art facilities. IAVI’s applied research program is aimed at AIDS Vaccine Primer expediting the solution of the scientific problems that so far IAVI’s ultimate goal is a vaccine that have stymied the design of effective AIDS vaccine candidates. prevents the establishment of persistent HIV infection and is applicable for use in the regions of the world hit hardest IAVI was not originally created to address problems of by the AIDS epidemic. An intermediate complex science. IAVI was conceived in 1996 as a group that goal could be a vaccine that does not prevent infection but that controls HIV would advocate for the development of an accessible AIDS replication and thus delays the onset vaccine, explore public policy reforms that would promote of AIDS by reducing the amount of the virus present in the body. Unfortunately, AIDS vaccine research and development, and develop and test the very nature of HIV presents daunting AIDS vaccine candidates. But over time, as scientists learned challenges that transcend traditional research and development models: more about HIV and its interactions with the immune system, it became clear that conventional vaccinology would not Rapid mutation produce a fully protective AIDS vaccine. Rather, researchers Once established in the body, HIV copies itself quickly. With each copy, genetic would need to unlock some of the mysteries of HIV and the mistakes occur, resulting in a huge body’s response to the virus to design novel vaccine concepts number of viruses with slightly different compositions. An effective vaccine would that would go beyond the initial approaches. have to target the many different types of HIV circulating in the world. After a 2001 IAVI-commissioned survey of global efforts Camouflage to design AIDS vaccine candidates pointed to gaps in the HIV is stealthy, able to hide itself in host cells, spread quickly and build reservoirs field, IAVI began investing not just in product development of infection. of candidates but in the design of novel ones to help fill the identified gaps. These investments led to the establishment The target HIV attacks and quickly impairs the of scientific consortia to tackle the major challenges and body’s immune system, killing the very culminated in the opening in 2008 of a new 36,000-square- cells that orchestrate responses to pathogens. This leaves the infected foot facility in New York City to house IAVI’s AIDS Vaccine person vulnerable to other contagions as Design and Development Laboratory, which had been well, and AIDS sets in. incubated at the State University of New York’s Downstate No ideal animal model Medical Center in Brooklyn. The Design Lab is an industry- HIV causes AIDS only in humans. To learn from animal models, researchers style facility devoted to developing a new generation of more must study a similar virus (simian effective AIDS vaccine candidates, and to prioritizing vaccine immunodeficiency virus or SIV) or a hybrid candidates to ensure that the most promising are accelerated (SHIV) in non-human primates. This is an immense aid, but the differences between to clinical testing. These efforts complement the vaccine HIV on the one hand and SIV or SHIV design and development work IAVI is undertaking with on the other, coupled with the genetic and immunologic differences between partners around the world.
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