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Monitoring of Six Agriotes Wire Worms In Volume 19(1), 91- 97, 2015 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro Monitoring of six Agriotes click beetles in areas suitable for the installing of shelterbelts in Banat’s plain region Fora C.G.1, Zellner M.2, Lauer K.F.1, Stanciu S.3, Moatăr M.1, Berar C.1 1Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry Timişoara; 2Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute for Plant Protection; 3Faculty of Farm Management Timişoara *Corresponding author.Email:[email protected] Abstract Evaluation of click beetles population in the moment that it Key words decided it to install protective shelterbelts is a “sine qua non” condition. The easier method is to evaluate the beetles number by using the pheromone wire worms, populations, traps. In Banat’s plain region, 6 species of click beetles are more pheromone trap representative: A. brevis, A. lineatus, A. obscurus, A. sordidus, A. sputator, A. ustulatus. From all of them, A. sordidus and A. ustulatus formed the majority of Agriotes population. The lowest numerical species was A. lineatus. The genus Agriotes Esch. (Coleoptera: Elateridae: is often heavily damaged by a rich complex of pests Elaterinae) is one of the richest genus of the tribe that attack in the soil, or at the level of soil [10]. Agriotini Champion [3]. According to present literature Taking into account these aspects in our paper we want [15]; [4]; [13]; [8];[7]; [17]; [5],[6]; [11]; [16], there to know which is the click beetle behavior and are 59 species of this genus in Romania, main species potential in study area. reported as pest being Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Agriotes sputator, Agriotes ustulatus. Material and Method The multiple benefits of field protective shelterbelts are known [2]; [18]. Even in western part To monitoring the click beetles A. brevis, A. of Romania, in “Câmpia Banatului” region, planting lineatus, A. obscurus, A. sordidus, A. sputator, A. field protective shelterbelts become a necessity. In first ustulatus, was used traps (figure 1) baited with period of shelterbelts life, trees and bushes species are synthetic pheromones produced by Csalomon company host-plants for diverse soil pests, click beetles playing from Hungary. an important role by the point of damage potential. For example, in the forestry nurseries, biological material Fig.1. Csalomon trap for click beetles At the beginning of the season, in April, traps and caught beetles token in plastic boxes and analyzed have been installed in field, in 3 different locations, in laboratory. The description of Chernozem soil from area named “Câmpia Banatului” and were active conditions in researches areas Grabat, Lovrin and until September. Traps have been visited periodically Voiteg is presented in table 1. 91 Table 1 Soil characteristics in research plots (Marinca et al., 2009) Location Grabat Lovrin Voiteg Parameters Sand (%) 52 33 29 Clay (%) 36 52 54 Compaction (%) -4 11 15 pH 8.2 7.3 6.2 Humus (%) 3.1 3.4 3 Results and Discussions brevis, A. lineatus, A. obscurus, A. sordidus, A. sputator, A. ustulatus. Presence of adult click beetle is the indicator Click beetles studied in our research were of biological reserve of wireworms in the soil [12]; [1]. found in all sampling plots in different levels, its flight The use the pheromone traps allow us to capture a being irregular on all growing season. Results of number of 4.458 beetles belonging to 6 species: A. captures are presented in table 2. Table 2 Species composition in research plots from “Câmpia Banatului” Species Caught Average+Sd % beetles no. from total Grabat A. brevis 84 10,5+17,4601 4,8 A. lineatus 5 0,625+1,4078 0,3 A. obscurus 79 9,875+17,8840 4,6 A. sordidus 1330 166,25+253,3764 76,6 A. sputator 3 0,375+0,7440 0,2 A. ustulatus 234 29,25+65,2659 13,5 Lovrin A. brevis 28 3,5+3,9641 1,3 A. lineatus 14 1,75+3,1052 0,7 A. obscurus 172 21,5+39,1042 8,2 A. sordidus 1657 207,125+198,8354 78,6 A. sputator 11 1,375+2,5035 0,5 A. ustulatus 226 28,25+41,9753 10,7 Voiteg A. brevis 65 8,125+17,8280 10,6 A. lineatus 7 0,875+0,9910 1,1 A. obscurus 36 4,5+9,1807 5,9 A. sordidus 152 19+27,4746 24,7 A. sputator 201 25,125+61,2942 32,7 A. ustulatus 154 19,25+48,4701 25 A. brevis have intense flight between middle found in flight to the middle of April to the end of July. of April and middle of May (figure 2). Beetles can be The pick of flight was is 29 of April. 92 A. brevis 60 50 40 Grabat 30 Lovrin Voiteg 20 Caught betles no. betles Caught 10 0 15.04. 29.04. 09.05. 22.05. 06.06. 23.06. 07.07. 21.07. Fig. 2. Agriotes brevis flight in 2014 A. lineatus have intense flight between Beetles can be found in flight to the middle of April to beginning of June and beginning of July (figure 3). the end of July. The pick of flight was is 23 of June. A. lineatus 10 9 8 7 6 Grabat 5 Lovrin 4 Voiteg 3 2 Caught beetles no. beetles Caught 1 0 15.04. 29.04. 09.05. 22.05. 06.06. 23.06. 07.07. 21.07. Fig. 3. Agriotes lineatus flight in 2014 A. obscurus have intense flight between Beetles can be found in flight to the middle of April to beginning of June and beginning of July (figure 4). the end of July. The pick of flight was is 23 of June. 93 A. obscurus 120 100 80 Grabat 60 Lovrin Voiteg 40 Caught beetles no. beetles Caught 20 0 15.04. 29.04. 09.05. 22.05. 06.06. 23.06. 07.07. 21.07. Fig. 4. Agriotes obscurus flight in 2014 A. sordidus have intense flight between of May. A possible explanation for this behavior is middle of May and middle of July (figure 5), with existence in proximity of our research plot of old exception of Lovrin place, where the flight was intense shelterbelt, where pest can find good condition for almost on all season. Beetles can be found in flight to wintertime, even if in agricultural field the intensive the middle of April to the end of July. The pick of plant protection measures are applied. Otherwise, in flight was is 23 of June. The exception was in Lovrin, Lovrin site, majority of studied click beetles found where in addition recorded first pick of flight was in 29 good conditions for life cycle. A. sordidus 700 600 500 Grabat 400 Lovrin 300 Voiteg 200 Caught beetes no. beetes Caught 100 0 15.04. 29.04. 09.05. 22.05. 06.06. 23.06. 07.07. 21.07. Fig. 5. Agriotes sordidus flight in 2014 A. sputator have intense flight between middle found in flight to the middle of April to the end of July. of April and middle of May (figure 6). Beetles can be The pick of flight was is 29 of April. 94 A. sputator 200 180 160 140 120 Grabat 100 Lovrin 80 Voiteg 60 40 Caught beetles no. beetles Caught 20 0 15.04. 29.04. 09.05. 22.05. 06.06. 23.06. 07.07. 21.07. Fig. 6. Agriotes sputator flight in 2014 A. ustulatus have intense flight between the be found in flight to the middle of April to the end of end of May and middle of July (figure 7). Beetles can July. The pick of flight was is 23 of June. A. ustulatus 200 180 160 140 120 Grabat 100 Lovrin 80 Voiteg 60 40 caught beetles no. beetles caught 20 0 15.04. 29.04. 09.05. 22.05. 06.06. 23.06. 07.07. 21.07. Fig. 7. Agriotes ustulatus flight in 2014 Intensive appearance time is different on studied middle of July). The other species like, A. brevis and A. species. The first ones by this point of view are A. sputator develop intensive flight in about 30 days from brevis and A. sputator according with Rădescu and the middle of April to middle of May, or A. obscurus Roşca (2010). That was followed by A. sordidus and A. and A. lineatus in about 30 days from the middle of ustulatus and late by A. lineatus and A. obscurus. June to middle of July. This behavior is reflected in The flight activity show that the development population levels. of species is different in time and is an example of From all studied species better represented survives strategy and optimum using of life spacing. was A. sordidus (70%), followed by A. ustulatus The longest intensive flight had A. sordidus (about 60 (14%), the others being each under 10% (figure 8). The days from middle of May to middle of July) and A. lowest participation of beetles in population had it A. ustulatus (about 45 days from the end of May to lineatus (under 1%). 95 3,90,7 13,8 6,4 A. brevis 4,8 A. lineatus A. obscurus A. sordidus A. sputator A. ustulatus 70,4 Fig. 8. The participation of click beetles in population One of the reason that A. sordidus is better Acknowledgment represented is his biology. Rădescu and Roşca (2010), show that A. sordidus close life cycle in 2-3 years; A. This study was financed by the project no. 8432- obscurus in 4-5 years; A.
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