Geschiedenis En Verbeelding: Een Bijdrage Berlijn‟ (1988)

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Geschiedenis En Verbeelding: Een Bijdrage Berlijn‟ (1988) UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT LETTEREN EN WIJSBEGEERTE ____________________ Academiejaar 2007 - 2008 GESCHIEDENIS EN VERBEELDING: EEN BIJDRAGE TOT HET ONDERZOEK NAAR DE VISUALISERING VAN DE TWEEDE WERELDOORLOG IN VLAANDEREN AAN DE HAND VAN DE FICTIESERIE „KLEIN LONDEN, KLEIN BERLIJN‟ (1988) Roesbeke Ruth Promotor: Prof. dr. Bruno De Wever Commissarissen: Robby Van Eetvelde & Roel Vande Winkel Scriptie voorgedragen tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de Geschiedenis 1 2 GESCHIEDENIS EN VERBEELDING: EEN BIJDRAGE TOT HET ONDERZOEK NAAR DE VISUALISERING VAN DE TWEEDE WERELDOORLOG IN VLAANDEREN AAN DE HAND VAN DE FICTIESERIE „KLEIN LONDEN, KLEIN BERLIJN‟ (1988) 3 INHOUDSOPGAVE ALGEMENE INLEIDING ................................................................................................................... 8 DEEL I. DE VISUALISERING VAN HET VERLEDEN ............................................................... 12 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................ 12 1. Begripsomschrijving ....................................................................................................................... 14 2. Historisch-kritische beoordeling van de mainstream film ........................................................... 16 2.1 Historische kritiek op het filmische niveau ..................................................................................... 16 2.2 Historische kritiek op het narratieve niveau .................................................................................... 16 2.3 Historische kritiek op het ideologische niveau ................................................................................ 17 3. Naar een aanvaarding van de audiovisuele media als bron voor het verleden? ........................ 17 3.1 Afbreuk aan de verfilming van het verleden ................................................................................... 18 3.2 Erkenning van de positieve bijdragen ............................................................................................. 21 4. Het postmodernistisch bewegend beeld ......................................................................................... 23 5. Conclusie ........................................................................................................................................ 225 DEEL II. CASUS. „KLEIN LONDEN, KLEIN BERLIJN‟ (1988): VISUALISERING VAN DE OORLOGSJAREN IN EEN VLAAMS DORP ................................................................................ 28 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................ 28 1. Analyseniveau 1. De algemene maatschappelijke context tijdens de jaren „80 ......................... 31 2. Analyseniveau 2. Film-Historische context: analyse van de makers en opdrachtgevers .......... 34 2.1 Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep ............................................................................................. 34 2.2 Biografie Rudy Geldhof en autobiografische elementen in „Klein Londen, Klein Berlijn‟ ............ 40 2.3 Voorlopige conclusie ....................................................................................................................... 47 3. Analyseniveau 3. Productie............................................................................................................. 47 3.1 Scenario ........................................................................................................................................... 47 3.2 Bronnen ........................................................................................................................................... 49 3.3 Achter de schermen ......................................................................................................................... 53 3.4 Voorlopige conclusie ....................................................................................................................... 57 4. Analyseniveau 4: Verhaal ............................................................................................................. 588 4.1 Verhaallijn ..................................................................................................................................... 588 4.2 Personages ....................................................................................................................................... 60 4.3 Tegenstellingen ............................................................................................................................... 72 4.4 Waardering en kijkcijferdichtheid ................................................................................................... 76 5. Analyseniveau 5. Het product (1): De Fictieve Tweede Wereldoorlog ....................................... 79 5.1 De Achttiendaagse veldtocht ........................................................................................................... 80 5.2 De Werfreserve ................................................................................................................................ 82 5.3 Internationale context: Italië ............................................................................................................ 84 5.4 Strijd tegen het Goddeloos communisme ........................................................................................ 86 5.5 De harde winter van 1941-1942 ...................................................................................................... 89 5.6 Houding van de katholieke kerk ...................................................................................................... 91 5.7 Mentaliteit ....................................................................................................................................... 94 5.8 Rantsoenering en zwarte markt ....................................................................................................... 98 5.9 Jodenvervolging ............................................................................................................................ 102 5.10 Breendonk ................................................................................................................................... 104 5.11 De bevrijding ............................................................................................................................... 106 5.12 De repressie ................................................................................................................................. 109 5.13 Voorlopige conclusie ................................................................................................................... 112 4 6. Analyseniveau 5. Het product (2): “Het Verzet” gevisualiseerd ............................................... 113 6.1 Klein Londen, Klein Berlijn .......................................................................................................... 113 6.2 Historische duiding ........................................................................................................................ 119 6.3 Beeldvorming ................................................................................................................................ 127 6.4 Voorlopige conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 132 7. Analyseniveau 5. Het product (3): “De Collaboratie” gevisualiseerd ....................................... 132 7.1 Klein Londen, Klein Berlijn .......................................................................................................... 132 7.2 Historische duiding ........................................................................................................................ 139 7.3 Beeldvorming ................................................................................................................................ 145 7.4 Voorlopige conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 149 8. Conclusie: De oorlog in „Klein Londen, Klein Berlijn‟ .............................................................. 150 ALGEMENE SLOTBESCHOUWINGEN ..................................................................................... 154 VERDER ONDERZOEK ................................................................................................................. 158 BIBLIOGRAFIE ............................................................................................................................... 159 5 WOORD VAN DANK Deze scriptie is geschreven met als opzet het behalen van de graad van Master in de Geschiedenis aan de Universiteit Gent. Hiervoor wens ik diegenen te bedanken die mij hielpen bij het onderzoek: Mijn promotor, Prof. dr. Bruno De Wever; Julien Van Den Driessche, Randy Geldhof, Winnie Enghien, Roger Moelaert, Jan Van de Casteele, Frans Puttemans, Leo Dewals, Karin Vandermeersch, Patrick Van Raemdonck, Willy Van Poucke, Anna Verhoeven, Jean-Pierre Fant, Jan Neckers, Marga Neirynck, Huib Dejonghe en familieleden van Rudy Geldhof die mij geholpen hebben tijdens de voortgang van het onderzoek; Rudi De Groot van de Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Albert Maene en Dries Vandaele van de Dienst Archief en Documentbeheer in het Amerikaans Theater, het personeel bij de
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