A Short History of the Belgian Special Air Service
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A SHORT HISTORY OF THE BELGIAN SPECIAL AIR SERVICE IN WORLD WAR II Contents based on the book Van SAS tot ‘Special Forces Group’ - 75 jaar Belgische Special Forces, © 2016 asbl Amicale Belgian SAS Vriendenkring vzw, ISBN 978-2-9601969-0-0 Translation and layout: Geert G, Adaptation of maps: DG Printed by the Print House of Defence, Brussels, March 2020 2 Contents 1. The formation of the Belgian Independent Parachute Company ................................................................... 5 2. Training in the United Kingdom ..................................................................................................................... 10 3. Integration into the British SAS Brigade ........................................................................................................ 13 4. First combat operations behind enemy lines in France ................................................................................ 16 4.1. Operation ‘Chaucer’ ............................................................................................................................... 17 4.2. Operation ‘Shakespeare’ ........................................................................................................................ 18 4.3. Operation ‘Bunyan’ ................................................................................................................................ 19 4.4. Reinforcements ...................................................................................................................................... 20 4.5. Operation ‘Haggard’ ............................................................................................................................... 23 4.6. Operation ‘Trueform’ ............................................................................................................................. 24 4.7. Operation ‘Benson’ ................................................................................................................................. 27 5. At the forefront of the fighting in Belgium .................................................................................................... 30 5.1. Operation ‘Noah’ .................................................................................................................................... 30 5.2. Operation ‘Brutus’ .................................................................................................................................. 31 5.3. Operation ‘Bergbang’ ............................................................................................................................. 32 5.4. Operation ‘Caliban’ ................................................................................................................................. 33 6. Behind the German lines in the Netherlands ................................................................................................ 39 6.1. Operation ‘Regan-Fabian’ ....................................................................................................................... 39 6.2. Operation ‘Gobbo-Portia’ ....................................................................................................................... 41 6.3. Operation ‘Timon’ .................................................................................................................................. 42 6.4. Operation ‘Friesland’ .............................................................................................................................. 43 7. The Battle of the Bulge .................................................................................................................................. 45 7.1. In the motorised reconnaissance role .................................................................................................... 45 7.2. Reconnaissance patrols along the Meuse and to Marche-en-Famenne ................................................ 46 7.3. Counterattack in the Ardennes: operation ‘Regent’ .............................................................................. 48 7.4. Drama at Bure ........................................................................................................................................ 49 7.5. Rear area operations in Antwerp ........................................................................................................... 50 7.6. Expansion to regimental strength .......................................................................................................... 50 8. The liberation of the north-east Netherlands: operation ‘Larkswood’ ......................................................... 53 8.1. The military situation at the end of March 1945 ................................................................................... 53 8.2. Preparation until the last minute ........................................................................................................... 53 8.3. The campaign from day to day ............................................................................................................... 53 8.3.1. The operations in Coevorden .......................................................................................................... 55 8.3.2. The seizure of the Oosterhesselen bridge ....................................................................................... 59 8.3.3. The liberation of Hoogeveen ........................................................................................................... 62 8.3.4. Objective north, towards the sea .................................................................................................... 63 8.3.5. The seizure of the bridge over the Mussel canal at Veele .............................................................. 64 8.3.6. Blondeel’s refusal to attack the Dollard coastal battery ................................................................. 73 8.4. An assessment ........................................................................................................................................ 77 9. The campaign in Germany ............................................................................................................................. 78 9.1. Westerscheps/Godensholt ..................................................................................................................... 78 9.2. Rostrup/Grabstede ................................................................................................................................. 79 10. Counter-intelligence operations in occupied Germany .............................................................................. 82 Annex - Belgian Parachute Company and Special Air Service personnel killed in World War II ....................... 87 3 4 1. The formation of the Belgian Independent Parachute Company “The Belgians who will form the Independent Parachute Company - the precursor of the SAS squadron - have the most diverse backgrounds. Origin, language and very different forms of education ensure that this unit will be one of the most heterogeneous of the Belgian Army in the United Kingdom. However, this diversity ensures extreme adaptability, a great deal of resourcefulness and a high level of operational resilience, a diversity that will further strengthen the keen awareness of the common goal, namely participation in the destruction of Nazism and especially the liberation of Belgium and Europe. Therein lays precisely the basis of a highly driven esprit de corps, and an unparalleled coherence and efficiency.” (Edouard Blondeel) Like all military units and formations, the men came from all walks of life. The Belgian Independent Parachute Company consisted of Belgian refugees and escaped prisoners of war, but also seasoned veterans from the French Foreign Legion, graduates from the Public Defence Force (Force Publique) of Belgian Congo, veterans of various other organisations such as the Special Operations Executive (SOE), as well as Belgians who resided in Great Britain or on the other side of the Atlantic, and responded to the call for resistance by the Belgian government in exile in Edouard Blondeel, commander London. The volunteers included a former world of the Belgian SAS (Collection F. cycling champion, lawyers, farmers, labourers, Van Haezendonck) lumberjacks, a circus acrobat, a professional wrestler and three barons. The commanding officer was a qualified engineer and dentist. The men who volunteered came from across the world to fight the enemy. Not all of them could even speak the same language. Some spoke French, some Dutch and others only English. These differences of upbringing, class, lifestyle and even language might have seemed problematic, but an esprit de corps developed within the unit. How all these Belgians ended up in Great Britain would lead us far too far. However, we want to emphasize that it was seldom or never a ‘holiday trip’ and that some risked their lives to achieve their goal, such as Dr. Frank Sevens, who crossed the anchorage outside the port of Gibraltar by swimming, or Jules Regner, who as a prisoner of war stationed in Stalag 1-A near Stablack (East Prussia), reached England after an arduous journey. Another stunning escape story is that of René Krins. For some time the idea had been going through his mind to get to England 5 and to continue the struggle for the liberation of Europe. René left his home town of Verviers by bicycle on 10 May 1941. After two days,