Alaska for Sale Questions
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Find Alaska Info!
Find Alaska Info! Dear Student: Thank you for writing to request information about Alaska. This fl yer contains some interesting information about our great state. Alaska became the 49th state in 1959, right before Hawaii became the 50th state that same year. Many of Alaska’s 722,200 people live in modern cities, and many live in small remote villages where their families have lived for thousands of years. The population of Anchorage, Alaska’s largest city, is 296,000. Juneau (population 32,300) is the State Capital.. We also have a website where you can learn more about Alaska’s history, cultures, geography, animals, and more: http://alaska.gov/kids/ Here are other helpful websites: • For information about visiting Alaska, visit www.travelalaska.com • You can also visit the Alaska State Library on-line at www.lam.alaska.gov • Looking for wildlife info? Go to http://www.wildlife.alaska.gov • Want to know more about Alaska’s Forest and Park Lands? visit www.alaskacenters.gov Did you know? If you place Alaska, with all of its islands, on top of the “continental” United States, it spans from the Great Lakes to Texas, and from Florida to California. At 591,000 square miles, Alaska is larger than Texas, California, and Montana combined. The coastline of Alaska is longer than the coastline of the continental United States. Of Alaska’s 3 million lakes, the largest (Lake Iliamna) is the size of Connecticut. Alaska’s mainland is only 51 miles away from Russia. Alaska has 17 of the 20 highest mountains in North America (Denali is the highest at 20,320 feet). -
Alaska's Purchase (Seward's Folly)
Premier Alaska Tours Miscellaneous Information Alaska 2011 Alaska’s Purchase (Seward’s Folly) Russia lost interest in the North pacific and its new World colony rapidly as its traders depleted the once-abundant sea otter. As the St. Petersburg regime turned to economizing and streamlining, operations such as Russian America were deemed expendable. In 1857 the tsar’s brother, the Grand Duke Constantine, urged sale of the region to the United States which, after its defeat of Mexico in 1848 and annexation of California, seemed to dominate the Pacific. The outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 forestalled talks on the issue, but following the conflict the time seemed right to open negotiations. 1866 Tsar Alexander II instructed his ambassador to the U.S., Bar Edouard deStoeckl, to begin talks with the U.S. Secretary of State William Seward, an enthusiastic advocate of America’s manifest destiny. A selling price of $7.2 million - about two cents an acre- was agreed upon. Seward was eager to buy, and Stoeckl was a wily bargainer, the tsar would have accepted $5 million. The U.S. Senate quickly ratified the treaty on April 4, 1867. The action was accelerated by Stoeckl’s generosity: He distributed large sums of money among Washington’s powerful politicians. No one thought to consult representatives of the Native people, who obviously had staked out the territory long before Russia. American troops relieved Russian forces at the colonial capital of Sitka that October amid vigorous press and congressional debate over the wisdom of the purchase. Angry editorials denounced the acquisition of apparently worthless real estate. -
Early Maritime Russia and the North Pacific Arc Dianne Meredith Russia Has Always Held an Ambiguous Position in World Geography
Early Maritime Russia and the North Pacific Arc Dianne Meredith Russia has always held an ambiguous position in world geography. Like most other great powers, Russia spread out from a small, original core area of identity. The Russian-Kievan core was located west of the Ural Mountains. Russia’s earlier history (1240-1480) was deeply colored by a Mongol-Tatar invasion in the thirteenth century. By the time Russia cast off Mongol rule, its worldview had developed to reflect two and one-half centuries of Asiatic rather than European dominance, hence the old cliché, scratch a Russian and you find a Tatar. This was the beginning of Russia’s long search of identity as neither European nor Asian, but Eurasian. Russia has a longer Pacific coastline than any other Asian country, yet a Pacific identity has been difficult to assume, in spite of over four hundred years of exploration (Map 1). Map 1. Geographic atlas of the Russian Empire (1745), digital copy by the Russian State Library. Early Pacific Connections Ancient peoples from what is now present-day Russia had circum-Pacific connections via the North Pacific arc between North America and Asia. Today this arc is separated by a mere fifty-six miles at the Bering Strait, but centuries earlier it was part of a broad subcontinent more than one-thousand miles long. Beringia, as it is now termed, was not fully glaciated during the Pleistocene Ice Age; in fact, there was not any area of land within one hundred miles of the Bering Strait itself that was completely glaciated within the last million years, while for much of that time a broad band of ice to the east covered much of present-day Alaska. -
Alaska Purchase and the Klondike Gold Rush
Alaska Purchase and the Klondike Gold Rush On March 30, 1867, Secretary of State William Seward (who survived an assassination attempt the night President Lincoln was shot) agreed to buy Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. This is the Warrant which America issued to buy the land. We learn the following information about the check, and the purchase, from the U.S. National Archives: In 1866 the Russian government offered to sell the territory of Alaska to the United States. Secretary of State William H. Seward, enthusiastic about the prospects of American Expansion, negotiated the deal for the Americans. Edouard de Stoeckl, Russian minister to the United States, negotiated for the Russians. On March 30, 1867, the two parties agreed that the United States would pay Russia $7.2 million for the territory of Alaska. For less that 2 cents an acre, the United States acquired nearly 600,000 square miles. Opponents of the Alaska Purchase persisted in calling it “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox” until 1896, when the great Klondike Gold Strike convinced even the harshest critics that Alaska was a valuable addition to American territory. The check for $7.2 million was made payable to the Russian Minister to the United States Edouard de Stoeckl, who negotiated the deal for the Russians. The “great Klondike Gold Strike” began on August 16, 1896 when three men found gold—ultimately, lots of gold—in Rabbit Creek near the town of Dawson (in the Yukon region of Canada). Those three men were Skookum Jim Mason and Tagish Charlie (members of Canada’s “First People”) along with George Carmack (a chap from Seattle). -
Seward's Folly by Joyce Furstenau
Seward's Folly By Joyce Furstenau 1 The definition for folly is "acting stupidly or rashly." Many Americans called the purchase of the Alaskan Territory in 1867 "Seward's Folly." The Secretary of State at that time was William H. Seward. He purchased the territory from Russia for the tidy sum of $7,200,000. That may seem like a lot of money, but it bought an area twice the size of Texas. 2 Seward was an expansionist. That means he believed America should expand her holdings, especially in the west. The Civil War had just ended. Russia was having financial problems. It was afraid it that it could lose its North American holdings to the British. The Russian czar thought if he offered the Alaskan territory up for sale, he could start a bidding war between America and Great Britain, but Britain wasn't interested. The treaty was signed at 4 o'clock in the morning on March 30, 1867. For the sum of $7,200,000, which is about 1.9¢ per acre, America became the owner of the Alaskan Territory. 3 At the time, most Americans favored the purchase, but the newspapers published criticism of the decision. It was called a "frozen wilderness." Newspapers said it was too far away from the United States to be regulated. The New York World called it a "sucked orange." Editorials said it contained nothing of value except fur-bearing animals. Horace Greeley wrote, "The country would be not worth taking as a gift.... Unless gold were found in the country..." The territory was called "Seward's folly," "Seward's icebox," and "Andrew Johnson's polar bear garden" by the press. -
Juliana Pegues Dissertation
INTERROGATING INTIMACIES: ASIAN AMERICAN AND NATIVE RELATIONS IN COLONIAL ALASKA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY JULIANA PEGUES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY JIGNA DESAI, CO-ADVISOR ERIKA LEE, CO-ADVISOR AUGUST 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Juliana Pegues ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Portions of an earlier version of Chapter 3 were published in “Rethinking Relations: Interracial Intimacies of Asian Men and Native Women in Alaskan Canneries,” Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, 15, no. 1 (March 2013): 55-66; copyright Taylor & Francis Group; reprinted with permission of Taylor & Francis Group. A slightly different version of Chapter 4 will be published in “’Picture Man’: Shoki Kayamori and the Photography of Colonial Encounter in Alaska, 1912-1941,” College Literature: A Journal of Critical Literary Studies. Thank you to the editors and special edition editors of these journals. Many people have guided and supported me throughout my dissertation process, and I’m delighted to have the opportunity to recognize them. I am grateful to my committee, exemplary scholars who challenge me to deeply engage and critically think through my project. My advisors Erika Lee and Jigna Desai have been everything I could ask for and more, both phenomenal academics who motivate me to be a better scholar, teacher, parent, and community member. Erika is a formidable historian who has provided me with invaluable training, always asking the important “why?” of my research and project, especially my contributions to Asian American studies. Erika encourages me to “embrace my inner historian,” and I would like to state for the record that she inspires me time and time again to research and write important, compelling, and creative historical narratives. -
History with an Attitude: Alaska in Modern Russian Patriotic Rhetoric
Andrei A. Znamenski, Memphis/USA History with an Attitude: Alaska in Modern Russian Patriotic Rhetoric Guys, stop your speculations and read books. One of my re cent discoveries is Kremlev. Here is a real history of Russia. One reads his books and wants to beat a head against a wall from the realization of how much we lost due to corruption, treason and the stupidity of our rulers – tsars, general secret aries and presidents. What wonderful opportunities we had in the past and how much we have lost!1 A nationalist blogger about the ultra-patriotic popular his tory “Russian America: Discovered and Sold” (2005) by Sergei Kremlev In Russian-American relations, Alaska is doomed to remain a literary-political metaphor – some sort of a stylistic figure of speech whose original meaning faded away being re placed with an imagined one.2 Writer Vladimir Rokot (2007) On the afternoon of October 18, 1867, a Siberian Line Battalion and a detachment of the US Ninth Infantry faced each other on a central plaza of New Archangel (Figure 1), the capital of Russian America, prepared for the official ceremony of lowering the Russian flag and of raising the Stars and Stripes. This act was to finalize the transfer of Alaska (Figure 2) from Russia to the United States, which bought the territory for $ 7.2 million. At 4 PM, Captain Aleksei Peshchurov gave orders to lower the Russian flag. After this, Brigadier General Lovell Rousseau, a representative of the US Government, ordered the American flag to be raised. Salutes were fired. This ceremony ended a brief seventy-year presence of the Russian Empire in northwestern North America.3 Driven by short-term strategic goals, Russian emperor Alexander II decided to get rid of his overseas posses sion, which represented 6 per cent of the Russian Empire territory. -
The American Purchase of Alaska and Canadian Expansion to the Pacific
THE AMERICAN PURCHASE OF ALASKA AND CANADIAN EXPANSION TO THE PACIFIC David Joseph Mitchell B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1975 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History @ DAVID JOSEPH MITCHELL 1076 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY April 1976 All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name : David Joseph Mitchell Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: The American Purchase of Alaska and Canadian Expansion to the Pacific Examining Committee: Chairman: J.M. Kitchen --A. Aberbach Senior Supervisor 1\ - R.KI Debo ~xtehal-~xaminer Assistant Professor University of British Columbia Date Approved: 2.1476 PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICEh SE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis or dissertation (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis I~issertation: Author : (signature) (date) ABSTRACT In the national histories of both Canada and the United States the purchase of Alaska is most commonly represented as an interesting footnote to nineteenth century American expansion. -
Alaska Grades 6-8 Introduction the United States Purchased the Alaska
Alaska Grades 6-8 Introduction The United States purchased the Alaska territory in 1867 for $7.2 million. At that time, the purchase was very controversial and was ridiculed by many as “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox.” Most Americans couldn’t see why the United States would want this huge piece of land. Students will pretend they’re living in the 1860s and have educated themselves about Alaska geography. They’ll list the pros and cons of purchasing Alaska and write letters pretending they’re critics of Seward’s decision. They’ll then write paragraphs from the present-day perspective describing whether the purchase of Alaska was a “folly” or whether, as Seward predicted in 1867, it turned out to be a good purchase for the United States. Time Frame: 2-3 class periods Objectives and Standards Students will: • Label some prominent physical features on a map of Alaska. • List the pros and cons of the United States purchasing Alaska, pretending they’re living in the 1860s and basing their information on the Alaska thematic maps. • Research the purchase of Alaska. • Write letters pretending they disagree with Seward. • Write paragraphs explaining whether the purchase of Alaska turned out to be better than Seward’s detractors feared. National Social Studies Standards: • 2. Time, Continuity, and Change: Social studies programs should include experiences that provide for the study of the ways human beings view themselves in and over time. • 3: People, Places, and Environments: Social studies programs should include experiences that provide for the study of people, places, and environments. -
The United States
Bulletin No. 226 . Series F, Geography, 37 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES V. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR BOUNDARIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND OF THE SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES WITH AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF ALL IMPORTANT CHANGES OF TERRITORY (THIRD EDITION) BY HENRY G-ANNETT WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1904 CONTENTS. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL .................................... ............. 7 CHAPTER I. Boundaries of the United States, and additions to its territory .. 9 Boundaries of the United States....................................... 9 Provisional treaty Avith Great Britain...........................'... 9 Treaty with Spain of 1798......................................... 10 Definitive treaty with Great Britain................................ 10 Treaty of London, 1794 ........................................... 10 Treaty of Ghent................................................... 11 Arbitration by King of the Netherlands............................ 16 Treaty with Grreat Britain, 1842 ................................... 17 Webster-Ash burton treaty with Great Britain, 1846................. 19 Additions to the territory of the United States ......................... 19 Louisiana purchase................................................. 19 Florida purchase................................................... 22 Texas accession .............................I.................... 23 First Mexican cession....... ...................................... 23 Gadsden purchase............................................... -
Alaska Purchase Centennial: 1867-1967
Alaska Purchase Centennial: 1867-1967 HERBERT H. RASCHE’ During I 967, while Canada celebrates her first hundred years of Confedera- tion and theworld congregates in Montrealfor Expo 67, another significant centennial is being celebrated in northern North America: that of Alaska’s purchase from Russia by the United States of America. For more than 200 years before 1867, Alaska had been a colony of the Russian Empire, of which it was the easternmost segment. On 30 March 1867, by Treaty of Cession, the Emperor of Russia conveyed to the United States all the vast Russian holdings in America which today constitute the state of Alaska. The total price was $7,200,000, or approximately twocents an acre, which was a small amount even in those days; the total of federal and state expenditures on the 1967 Centennial greatly exceeds this figure! Among the many celebrations being held this year throughout the state is the Alaska 67 Centennial Exposition at Fairbanks. Historical exhibits depicting earlier daysare combined with modernexhibits showing Alaska’s economic, scientific, and cultural progress. Other cities as well are building permanent exhibition halls and community centres for initial use during the Alaska Purchase Centennial. As this issue of Arctic commemorates the event, is it considered appropriate to review the historical background of the 1867 purchase, and developments over the following hundred years. EARLYEXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIANAMERICA Before 1867, Russia had been extending and consolidating her control of the northern Pacific borderlands for more than two centuries. Russian exploration eastward across northern Asia, stimulated by thequest for furs, had reached the Pacific shores of Siberia in 1644. -
How Did Public Lands Come to Be?
Module 2 How did Public Lands Come to Be? Main Takeaways Public lands in the United States were created within the context of complex social and historical movements and mindsets. A more complete understanding of public lands requires acknowledgement of the people and cultures who have been negatively affected throughout the complex history of public lands. © Kevin McNeal This module will examine the history of public lands in the Historical Overview United States. It is important for people to know the history of public lands so that we can understand the perspectives of Time Immemorial others who have different types of connections to these places. When conservationists talk about the establishment of public lands in the United States, they sometimes focus on governmental decisions to protect land for future generations. However, the protection of lands as public did not occur in a vacuum. The conservation of these places reflects the larger social, cultural, and political forces and events of United States history. These influences are as diverse as the lands themselves. With this module, we try to provide a more comprehensive history of public lands. In doing so, we try to include the stories of some of the people and communities that have been History is conveyed in different ways by different cultures. For left out of the traditional Euro-American narrative. the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, history begins with time immemorial - time before the reach of human memory. However, the history presented in no way encompasses the The history of connection to the land before memory is passed complete story of the people who have been impacted by public on through oral tradition.