THE PURCHASE of ALASKA by Maud Chase Kilgore. a Thesis
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W&W Summer 06 Print Layout.Pub
Volume XLII, Number 2 - Summer 2006 The Many Names of the Lettie G. Howard, by Sam Hoyt In October 1969, American Heritage Magazine reported that on "September 1968, the schooner Caviare sailed up the East River to the [South Street Seaport] museum pier…" Thus began an almost 40 year, sometimes contentious, dia- logue as to the true name of the schoo- ner, involving a number of people. The primary question was whether or not Caviare was originally the Lettie G. Howard. Several facts were indisputable early on. Among them, Caviare was built by Willard A. Burnham (probably a rela- tive of current ASA member and builder Harold Burnham) at South Essex and launched in August 1891. In 1903 she was sold to the E.E. Saunders fishing company of Pensacola, FL. The Lettie G. Howard was launched in 1893 in Essex, MA, built at the legen- Lettie G. Howard 2005 Gloucester Schooner Festival dary Story yard for Captain Fred How- Photo by Fred Sterner ard and named after his 22-year-old daughter, Lettie. She fished out of that had bought Caviare. Between 1900 in 1968. As Bill puts it, "I was suspi- Gloucester until she was purchased by and 1903, as the Saunders Company cious, for locally I had been told that the Mobile Fishing and Oyster Com- was building a fishing fleet that subse- Caviare had been lost on Alcaran Reef pany in 1900. She was, however, en- quently listed some 40 vessels, both north of Yucatan. This prompted my rolled under the ownership of the E.E. -
A. F. Kashevarov, the Russian -American Company and Alaska
A. F. KASHEVAROV, THE RUSSIAN-AMERICAN COMPANY, AND ALASKA CONSERVATION Ryan Tucker Jones Idaho State University, 935 W. Clark St., Pocatello, ID 83204; [email protected] ABSTRACT As Russia debated selling Alaska in the 1860s, A. F. Kashevarov, an Alaska Creole, published his thoughts about reforming the Russian-American Company (RAC). In several articles for the Russian naval journal Morskoi Sbornik, he described the RAC’s hunting policies and conservation measures. Kashevarov’s articles represent some of the few sources providing information on Russian-era tradi- tional ecological knowledge (TEK), even if his depth of knowledge concerning Aleut (Unangan) and Alutiiq environmental practices and conceptions is uncertain. Despite company claims of conserva- tion successes, in Kashevarov’s view the RAC had misunderstood the Alaska environment and mis- managed its fur resources. Claiming that marine mammals behaved unpredictably and were entwined in a complex ecology, Kashevarov insisted that company attempts to create zapusks (closed seasons) did not work. Instead, he proposed that only Alaska Natives understood the animals well enough to manage them and thus should be ceded control over Alaska’s environment. Though these radical claims were met with company derision, Kashevarov’s pleas for ecological sophistication and ecologi- cal justice provide some glimpse into the desires of Alaska Natives shortly before the colony’s demise. INTRODUCTION In the 1860s, as the Russian empire debated selling Alaska see Dmytryshyn et al. 1989:518–524), shed valuable light to the United States, some new, unexpected voices arose to on Alaska’s environmental history, the RAC’s conserva- challenge Russian-American Company (RAC) adminis- tion policies, and the history of Alaska Natives and hint trators and imperial officials and put forth their own plans at alternate paths not taken but that still seemed possi- for the colony. -
Find Alaska Info!
Find Alaska Info! Dear Student: Thank you for writing to request information about Alaska. This fl yer contains some interesting information about our great state. Alaska became the 49th state in 1959, right before Hawaii became the 50th state that same year. Many of Alaska’s 722,200 people live in modern cities, and many live in small remote villages where their families have lived for thousands of years. The population of Anchorage, Alaska’s largest city, is 296,000. Juneau (population 32,300) is the State Capital.. We also have a website where you can learn more about Alaska’s history, cultures, geography, animals, and more: http://alaska.gov/kids/ Here are other helpful websites: • For information about visiting Alaska, visit www.travelalaska.com • You can also visit the Alaska State Library on-line at www.lam.alaska.gov • Looking for wildlife info? Go to http://www.wildlife.alaska.gov • Want to know more about Alaska’s Forest and Park Lands? visit www.alaskacenters.gov Did you know? If you place Alaska, with all of its islands, on top of the “continental” United States, it spans from the Great Lakes to Texas, and from Florida to California. At 591,000 square miles, Alaska is larger than Texas, California, and Montana combined. The coastline of Alaska is longer than the coastline of the continental United States. Of Alaska’s 3 million lakes, the largest (Lake Iliamna) is the size of Connecticut. Alaska’s mainland is only 51 miles away from Russia. Alaska has 17 of the 20 highest mountains in North America (Denali is the highest at 20,320 feet). -
Russian America and the USSR: Striking Parallels by Andrei V
Russian America and the USSR: Striking Parallels by Andrei V. Grinëv Translated by Richard L. Bland Abstract. The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the socioeconomic systems that have formed in the Russian colonies in Alaska and in the USSR. The author shows how these systems evolved and names the main reason for their similarity: the nature of the predominant type of property. In both systems, supreme state property dominated and in this way they can be designated as politaristic. Politariasm (from the Greek πολιτεία—the power of the majority, that is, in a broad sense, the state, the political system) is formation founded on the state’s supreme ownership of the basic means of production and the work force. Economic relations of politarism generated the corresponding social structure, administrative management, ideological culture, and even similar psychological features in Russian America and the USSR. Key words: Russian America, USSR, Alaska, Russian-American Company, politarism, comparative historical research. The selected theme might seem at first glance paradoxical. And in fact, what is common between the few Russian colonies in Alaska, which existed from the end of the 18th century to 1867, and the huge USSR of the 20th century? Nevertheless, analysis of this topic demonstrates the indisputable similarity between the development of such, it would seem, different-scaled and diachronic socioeconomic systems. It might seem surprising that many phenomena of the economic and social sphere of Russian America subsequently had clear analogies in Soviet society. One can hardly speak of simple coincidences and accidents of history. Therefore, the selected topic is of undoubted scholarly interest. -
Inventory and Analysis of Archaeological Site Occurrence on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf
OCS Study BOEM 2012-008 Inventory and Analysis of Archaeological Site Occurrence on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Gulf of Mexico OCS Region OCS Study BOEM 2012-008 Inventory and Analysis of Archaeological Site Occurrence on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Author TRC Environmental Corporation Prepared under BOEM Contract M08PD00024 by TRC Environmental Corporation 4155 Shackleford Road Suite 225 Norcross, Georgia 30093 Published by U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management New Orleans Gulf of Mexico OCS Region May 2012 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared under contract between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and TRC Environmental Corporation. This report has been technically reviewed by BOEM, and it has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of BOEM, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endoresements or recommendation for use. It is, however, exempt from review and compliance with BOEM editorial standards. REPORT AVAILABILITY This report is available only in compact disc format from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, at a charge of $15.00, by referencing OCS Study BOEM 2012-008. The report may be downloaded from the BOEM website through the Environmental Studies Program Information System (ESPIS). You will be able to obtain this report also from the National Technical Information Service in the near future. Here are the addresses. You may also inspect copies at selected Federal Depository Libraries. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. -
Native People in a Pacific World
Native People in a Pacific World: The Native Alaskan Encounter and Exchange with Native People of the Pacific Coast Gabe Chang-Deutsch 2,471 words Junior Research Paper The Unangan and Alutiiq peoples of Alaska worked in the fur trade in the early 1800s in Alaska, California and Hawaii. Their activities make us rethink the history of Native people and exploration, encounter and exchange. Most historical accounts focus on Native encounters with European people, but Native people also explored and met new Indigenous cultures. The early 1800s was a time of great global voyages and intermixing, from Captain Cook's Pacific voyages to the commercial fur trade in the eastern U.S to diverse workplaces in Atlantic world ports. The encounters and exchanges between and among Native people of the Pacific Coast are major part of this story. Relations between Native Alaskans, Native Californians and Hawaiians show how Native-to-Native encounters and exchanges were important in the creation of empire and the global economy. During the exploration of the Pacific coast in the early 1800s, Unangan and Alutiiq people created their own multicultural encounters and exchanges in the Pacific with Russian colonists, but most importantly with the indigenous people of Hawaii and California. By examining the religious and cultural exchanges with Russian fur traders in the Aleutian Islands, the creation of cosmopolitan domestic partnerships between different Native groups at Fort Ross and Native-to-Native artistic exchanges in Hawaii, we can see how Native-led events and ideas were integral to the growing importance of the Pacific and beginning an intercontinentally connected world. -
Alaska's Purchase (Seward's Folly)
Premier Alaska Tours Miscellaneous Information Alaska 2011 Alaska’s Purchase (Seward’s Folly) Russia lost interest in the North pacific and its new World colony rapidly as its traders depleted the once-abundant sea otter. As the St. Petersburg regime turned to economizing and streamlining, operations such as Russian America were deemed expendable. In 1857 the tsar’s brother, the Grand Duke Constantine, urged sale of the region to the United States which, after its defeat of Mexico in 1848 and annexation of California, seemed to dominate the Pacific. The outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 forestalled talks on the issue, but following the conflict the time seemed right to open negotiations. 1866 Tsar Alexander II instructed his ambassador to the U.S., Bar Edouard deStoeckl, to begin talks with the U.S. Secretary of State William Seward, an enthusiastic advocate of America’s manifest destiny. A selling price of $7.2 million - about two cents an acre- was agreed upon. Seward was eager to buy, and Stoeckl was a wily bargainer, the tsar would have accepted $5 million. The U.S. Senate quickly ratified the treaty on April 4, 1867. The action was accelerated by Stoeckl’s generosity: He distributed large sums of money among Washington’s powerful politicians. No one thought to consult representatives of the Native people, who obviously had staked out the territory long before Russia. American troops relieved Russian forces at the colonial capital of Sitka that October amid vigorous press and congressional debate over the wisdom of the purchase. Angry editorials denounced the acquisition of apparently worthless real estate. -
Early Maritime Russia and the North Pacific Arc Dianne Meredith Russia Has Always Held an Ambiguous Position in World Geography
Early Maritime Russia and the North Pacific Arc Dianne Meredith Russia has always held an ambiguous position in world geography. Like most other great powers, Russia spread out from a small, original core area of identity. The Russian-Kievan core was located west of the Ural Mountains. Russia’s earlier history (1240-1480) was deeply colored by a Mongol-Tatar invasion in the thirteenth century. By the time Russia cast off Mongol rule, its worldview had developed to reflect two and one-half centuries of Asiatic rather than European dominance, hence the old cliché, scratch a Russian and you find a Tatar. This was the beginning of Russia’s long search of identity as neither European nor Asian, but Eurasian. Russia has a longer Pacific coastline than any other Asian country, yet a Pacific identity has been difficult to assume, in spite of over four hundred years of exploration (Map 1). Map 1. Geographic atlas of the Russian Empire (1745), digital copy by the Russian State Library. Early Pacific Connections Ancient peoples from what is now present-day Russia had circum-Pacific connections via the North Pacific arc between North America and Asia. Today this arc is separated by a mere fifty-six miles at the Bering Strait, but centuries earlier it was part of a broad subcontinent more than one-thousand miles long. Beringia, as it is now termed, was not fully glaciated during the Pleistocene Ice Age; in fact, there was not any area of land within one hundred miles of the Bering Strait itself that was completely glaciated within the last million years, while for much of that time a broad band of ice to the east covered much of present-day Alaska. -
The Flag of the Russo-American Company
19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450 ■ 707.847.3437 ■ [email protected] ■ www.fortross.org Title: The Flag of the Russo-American Company Author(s): Dr. Svetlana G. Federova Published by: Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R. iSource: Fort Ross Conservancy Library URL: www.fortross.org Fort Ross Conservancy (FRC) asks that you acknowledge FRC as the source of the content; if you use material from FRC online, we request that you link directly to the URL provided. If you use the content offline, we ask that you credit the source as follows: “Courtesy of Fort Ross Conservancy, www.fortross.org.” Fort Ross Conservancy, a 501(c)(3) and California State Park cooperating association, connects people to the history and beauty of Fort Ross and Salt Point State Parks. © Fort Ross Conservancy, 19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450, 707-847-3437 7 ,t:» ~ He,n·s: Thl' Central Pacific Hailroad. - Ground brokl' January Sth. 186.3. completed :\Ia~ · 8th. 186!J. Stanford: The PacifiC' H.ailroad ground hrokt•n - Jan~·· Sth 1863, an ~l complett'd l\la~· 8th 1869. (!'\ole omission of "Cmtral," ab breviation of "January.'' and addition of "and.'') SIDE NO. 4 - Hewt's: (in nine diagonall~·-rising lint's: "Directors'' onlv in quotes): "Directors" - Hon. Leland Stanford - Charles Crocker - ~lark Hopkins - E. H. l\liller. Jr. - C. P. Huntington - E. B. CrockPr - A. l'. Stanford - Charles :\Iarsh. Stanford: (in on I~· eight diagonall~ · -rising lint's): Directors of Photo courtesy of State H ermitagc Museum, Leningrad the - C.P.H..R. of Cal. -
The International Life of a Russian Colonial Document: the Russian-American Company, the Kashaya Pomos, the Bodega Miwoks, and the 1817 Métini Protocol
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Faculty Publications and Other Works by English: Faculty Publications and Other Works Department 4-4-2020 The International Life of a Russian Colonial Document: The Russian-American Company, the Kashaya Pomos, the Bodega Miwoks, and the 1817 Métini Protocol Jeffrey Glover Loyola University Chicago, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/english_facpubs Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Glover, Jeffrey. The International Life of a Russian Colonial Document: The Russian-American Company, the Kashaya Pomos, the Bodega Miwoks, and the 1817 Métini Protocol. Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 18, 2: 139-172, 2020. Retrieved from Loyola eCommons, English: Faculty Publications and Other Works, http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2020.0006 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications and Other Works by Department at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in English: Faculty Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of scholarly citation, none of this work may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. For information address the University of Pennsylvania Press, 3905 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112. The International Life of a Russian Colonial Document The Russian-American Company, the Kashaya Pomos, the Bodega Miwoks, and the 1817 Me´tini Protocol JEFFREY GLOVER Loyola University Chicago abstract In September 1817 officials of the Russian colony of Ross drafted a protocol of a meeting held with the Kashaya Pomos, the Bodega Miwoks, and other Native Americans. -
Alaska Purchase and the Klondike Gold Rush
Alaska Purchase and the Klondike Gold Rush On March 30, 1867, Secretary of State William Seward (who survived an assassination attempt the night President Lincoln was shot) agreed to buy Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. This is the Warrant which America issued to buy the land. We learn the following information about the check, and the purchase, from the U.S. National Archives: In 1866 the Russian government offered to sell the territory of Alaska to the United States. Secretary of State William H. Seward, enthusiastic about the prospects of American Expansion, negotiated the deal for the Americans. Edouard de Stoeckl, Russian minister to the United States, negotiated for the Russians. On March 30, 1867, the two parties agreed that the United States would pay Russia $7.2 million for the territory of Alaska. For less that 2 cents an acre, the United States acquired nearly 600,000 square miles. Opponents of the Alaska Purchase persisted in calling it “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox” until 1896, when the great Klondike Gold Strike convinced even the harshest critics that Alaska was a valuable addition to American territory. The check for $7.2 million was made payable to the Russian Minister to the United States Edouard de Stoeckl, who negotiated the deal for the Russians. The “great Klondike Gold Strike” began on August 16, 1896 when three men found gold—ultimately, lots of gold—in Rabbit Creek near the town of Dawson (in the Yukon region of Canada). Those three men were Skookum Jim Mason and Tagish Charlie (members of Canada’s “First People”) along with George Carmack (a chap from Seattle). -
Cahiers Du Monde Russe, 51\/2-3
Cahiers du monde russe Russie - Empire russe - Union soviétique et États indépendants 51/2-3 | 2010 Dynamiques sociales et classifications juridiques dans l’Empire russe Creating a Creole Estate in early nineteenth- century Russian America La création d’un ordre créole : la compagnie russe d’Amérique et sa vision d’une nouvelle civilisation russe dans l’Amérique russe du début du XIXe siècle Susan Smith-Peter Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/9198 DOI: 10.4000/monderusse.9198 ISSN: 1777-5388 Publisher Éditions de l’EHESS Printed version Date of publication: 9 September 2010 Number of pages: 441-459 ISBN: 978-2-7132-2315-0 ISSN: 1252-6576 Electronic reference Susan Smith-Peter, « Creating a Creole Estate in early nineteenth-century Russian America », Cahiers du monde russe [Online], 51/2-3 | 2010, Online since 26 October 2013, Connection on 19 April 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/9198 ; DOI : 10.4000/monderusse.9198 This text was automatically generated on 19 April 2019. 2011 Creating a Creole Estate in early nineteenth-century Russian America 1 Creating a Creole Estate in early nineteenth-century Russian America La création d’un ordre créole : la compagnie russe d’Amérique et sa vision d’une nouvelle civilisation russe dans l’Amérique russe du début du XIXe siècle Susan Smith-Peter 1 On February 4, 1816, the Main Board of the Russian-American Company (RAC) ordered the return to Russian America of the creole Kondratii Ivanovich Burtsov and the creole woman Matrëna Semënovna Kuznetsova, who had both been sent to St. Petersburg for schooling.