Juan Macias-Amoretti
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The Impact of British Imperialism on the Landscape of Female Slavery in the Kano Palace, Northern Nigeria Author(S): Heidi J
International African Institute The Impact of British Imperialism on the Landscape of Female Slavery in the Kano Palace, Northern Nigeria Author(s): Heidi J. Nast Source: Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 64, No. 1 (1994), pp. 34-73 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International African Institute Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1161094 . Accessed: 25/10/2013 22:54 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press and International African Institute are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 129.128.216.34 on Fri, 25 Oct 2013 22:54:39 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Africa 64 (1), 1994 THE IMPACT OF BRITISH IMPERIALISM ON THE LANDSCAPE OF FEMALE SLAVERY IN THE KANO PALACE, NORTHERN NIGERIA Heidi J. Nast INTRODUCTION State slavery was historically central to the stability and growth of individual emirates in the Sokoto caliphate of northern Nigeria, an area overlapping much of the linguistic sub-region known as Hausaland (Fig. 1). -
United Arab Emirates (Uae)
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: United Arab Emirates, July 2007 COUNTRY PROFILE: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE) July 2007 COUNTRY اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴّﺔ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة (Formal Name: United Arab Emirates (Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah Dubai , أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ (The seven emirates, in order of size, are: Abu Dhabi (Abu Zaby .اﻹﻣﺎرات Al ,ﻋﺠﻤﺎن Ajman , أ مّ اﻟﻘﻴﻮﻳﻦ Umm al Qaywayn , اﻟﺸﺎرﻗﺔ (Sharjah (Ash Shariqah ,دﺑﻲّ (Dubayy) .رأس اﻟﺨﻴﻤﺔ and Ras al Khaymah ,اﻟﻔﺠﻴﺮة Fajayrah Short Form: UAE. اﻣﺮاﺗﻰ .(Term for Citizen(s): Emirati(s أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ .Capital: Abu Dhabi City Major Cities: Al Ayn, capital of the Eastern Region, and Madinat Zayid, capital of the Western Region, are located in Abu Dhabi Emirate, the largest and most populous emirate. Dubai City is located in Dubai Emirate, the second largest emirate. Sharjah City and Khawr Fakkan are the major cities of the third largest emirate—Sharjah. Independence: The United Kingdom announced in 1968 and reaffirmed in 1971 that it would end its treaty relationships with the seven Trucial Coast states, which had been under British protection since 1892. Following the termination of all existing treaties with Britain, on December 2, 1971, six of the seven sheikhdoms formed the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The seventh sheikhdom, Ras al Khaymah, joined the UAE in 1972. Public holidays: Public holidays other than New Year’s Day and UAE National Day are dependent on the Islamic calendar and vary from year to year. For 2007, the holidays are: New Year’s Day (January 1); Muharram, Islamic New Year (January 20); Mouloud, Birth of Muhammad (March 31); Accession of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi—observed only in Abu Dhabi (August 6); Leilat al Meiraj, Ascension of Muhammad (August 10); first day of Ramadan (September 13); Eid al Fitr, end of Ramadan (October 13); UAE National Day (December 2); Eid al Adha, Feast of the Sacrifice (December 20); and Christmas Day (December 25). -
Brunei 2019 International Religious Freedom Report
BRUNEI 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution states that while the official religion is the Shafi’i School of Islam, all other religions may be practiced “in peace and harmony.” In April the government implemented the second and third phases of the Sharia Penal Code (SPC), which includes offenses punishable by corporal and capital punishments, including stoning to death, amputation of hands or feet, and caning. The SPC, which is in force in parallel with the common-law-based secular penal code, applies to both Muslims and non-Muslims, including foreigners, with non-Muslims exempted from certain sections. Under full SPC implementation, Royal Brunei Police Force (RBPF) and Religious Enforcement Division officers cooperate on investigations of crimes covered by both secular law and sharia. Following international condemnation, the sultan announced in May that the de facto moratorium on the death penalty would be extended to include cases under the SPC and that “individual privacy” would be respected. He also declared the government would ratify the United Nations Convention against Torture (UNCAT). Responding to UN expressions of concern regarding the SPC, the foreign minister reiterated that the constitution recognizes the right of non- Muslims to practice their religions “in peace and harmony.” Non-Muslims reported no significant changes with respect to the practice of minority religions following the full implementation of the SPC but noted that the law imposes new restrictions on the ability of non-Muslims to proselytize other non-Muslims, which until April had been legal. The government continued to prohibit non-Muslims from proselytizing among Muslims or persons with no religious affiliation. -
A Case Study of Hadejia Emirate, Nigeria (1906-1960)
COLONIALISM AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES: A CASE STUDY OF HADEJIA EMIRATE, NIGERIA (1906-1960) BY MOHAMMED ABDULLAHI MOHAMMED MAH/42421/141/DF A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF HIGHER DEGREES AND RESEARCH IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY MAY, 2015 DECLARATION This is my original work and has not been presented for a Degree or any other academic award in any university or institution of learning. ~ Signature Date MOHAMMED ABDULLAHI MOHAMMED APPROVAL I confirm that the work in this dissertation proposal was done by the candidate under my supervision. Signiture Supervisor name Date Peter Ssekiswa DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my late mother may her soul rest in perfect peace and my humble brother Yusif Bashir Hekimi and my wife Rahana Mustathha and the entire fimily In ACKNOWLEDGEMENT lam indeed grateful to my supervisor Peter Ssekiswa , who tirelessly went through my work and inspired me to dig deeper in to the core of the m matter , His kind critism patience and understanding assrted me a great deal Special thanks go to Vice Chancellor prof P Kazinga also a historian for his courage and commitment , however special thanks goes to Dr Kayindu Vicent , the powerful head of department of education (COEDU ) for friendly and academic discourse at different time , the penalist of the viva accorded thanks for observation and scholarly advise , such as Dr SOFU , Dr Tamale , Dr Ijoma My friends Mustafa Ibrahim Garga -
Suddensuccession
SUDDEN SUCCESSION Examining the Impact of Abrupt Change in the Middle East SIMON HENDERSON KRISTIAN C. ULRICHSEN EDITORS MbZ and the Future Leadership of the United Arab Emirates IN PRACTICE, Sheikh Muhammad bin Zayed al-Nahyan, the crown prince of Abu Dhabi, is already the political leader of the United Arab Emirates, even though the federation’s president, and Abu Dhabi’s leader, is his elder half-brother Sheikh Khalifa. This study examines leadership in the UAE and what might happen if, for whatever reason, Sheikh Muham- mad, widely known as MbZ, does not become either the ruler of Abu Dhabi or president of the UAE. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ POLICY NOTE 65 ■ JULY 2019 SUDDEN SUCCESSION: UAE RAS AL-KHAIMAH UMM AL-QUWAIN AJMAN SHARJAH DUBAI FUJAIRAH ABU DHABI ©1995 Central Intelligence Agency. Used by permission of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin. Formation of the UAE moniker that persisted until 1853, when Britain and regional sheikhs signed the Treaty of Maritime Peace The UAE was created in November 1971 as a fed- in Perpetuity and subsequent accords that handed eration of six emirates—Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, responsibility for conduct of the region’s foreign rela- Fujairah, Ajman, and Umm al-Quwain. A seventh— tions to Britain. When about a century later, in 1968, Ras al-Khaimah—joined in February 1972 (see table Britain withdrew its presence from areas east of the 1). The UAE’s two founding leaders were Sheikh Suez Canal, it initially proposed a confederation that Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan (1918–2004), the ruler would include today’s UAE as well as Qatar and of Abu Dhabi, and Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed al-Mak- Bahrain, but these latter two entities opted for com- toum (1912–90), the ruler of Dubai. -
Difference Between Democracy and Monarchy Is Explained Here In
Difference between Democracy and Monarchy is explained here in detail.Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing legislation.A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is a head of state for life or until abdication. This topic is important from the perspective of understanding the clear distinctions between Democracy and Monarchy. Aspirants would find this article very helpful while preparing for the IAS Exam. The major Differences between Democracy and Monarchy are: Democracy Monarchy When a country is ruled by a Government When a country is ruled by Kings and elected by its people through elections, then it Queens, when the right to rule a country is called a Democracy passed through dynasty and not through elections,then it is called monarchy. The elected representatives makes the laws, The laws are framed by the Kings and rules and regulations on behalf of the people, Queens. People have no say in the for the welfare of the people formulation of laws. The elected representatives are held The Kings and Queens have no accountable by the people of the country. accountability. People do not have the power Hence elections are held and representatives to remove Kings and Queens from power if lose their right to rule, if they do not meet the they are dissatisfied with their rulings. expectations of the people People have the freedom to give their People do not have the right to condemn the feedback on policies, have the option to bring Monarchy. -
Kings for All Seasons
BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER ANALYSIS PAPER Number 8, September 2013 KINGS FOR ALL SEASONS: HOW THE MIDDLE EAST’S MONARCHIES SURVIVED THE ARAB SPRING F. GREGORY GAUSE, III B ROOKINGS The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publica- tion are solely those of its author(s) and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its scholars. Copyright © 2013 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER Saha 43, Building 63, West Bay, Doha, Qatar www.brookings.edu/about/centers/doha T A B LE OF C ON T EN T S I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................1 II. Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 III. “Just Wait, They Will Fall” .............................................................................................5 IV. The Strange Case of Monarchical Stability .....................................................................8 Cultural Legitimacy ...................................................................................................8 Functional Superiority: Performance and Reform ..................................................12 -
Constitutional Documents of All Tcountries in Southeast Asia As of December 2007, As Well As the ASEAN Charter (Vol
his three volume publication includes the constitutional documents of all Tcountries in Southeast Asia as of December 2007, as well as the ASEAN Charter (Vol. I), reports on the national constitutions (Vol. II), and a collection of papers on cross-cutting issues (Vol. III) which were mostly presented at a conference at the end of March 2008. This collection of Constitutional documents and analytical papers provides the reader with a comprehensive insight into the development of Constitutionalism in Southeast Asia. Some of the constitutions have until now not been publicly available in an up to date English language version. But apart from this, it is the first printed edition ever with ten Southeast Asian constitutions next to each other which makes comparative studies much easier. The country reports provide readers with up to date overviews on the different constitutional systems. In these reports, a common structure is used to enable comparisons in the analytical part as well. References and recommendations for further reading will facilitate additional research. Some of these reports are the first ever systematic analysis of those respective constitutions, while others draw on substantial literature on those constitutions. The contributions on selected issues highlight specific topics and cross-cutting issues in more depth. Although not all timely issues can be addressed in such publication, they indicate the range of questions facing the emerging constitutionalism within this fascinating region. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Volume 2 Reports on National Constitutions (c) Copyright 2008 by Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Singapore Editors Clauspeter Hill Jőrg Menzel Publisher Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung 34 Bukit Pasoh Road Singapore 089848 Tel: +65 6227 2001 Fax: +65 6227 2007 All rights reserved. -
Universal Periodic Review 2009
UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW 2009 SAUDI ARABIA NGO: European Centre for Law and Justice 4, Quai Koch 67000 Strasbourg France RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN THE SAUDI ARABIA SECTION 1: Legal Framework I. Saudi Constitutional Provisions Saudi Arabia is an Islamic monarchy.1 The Saudi Constitution is comprised of the Koran, Sharia law, and the Basic Law.2 “Islamic law forms the basis for the country’s legal code.”3 Strict Islamic law governs,4 and as such, the Saudi Constitution does not permit religious freedom. Even the practice of Islam itself is limited to the strict, Saudi-specific interpretation of Islam.5 Importantly, the Saudi government makes essentially no distinction between religion and government.6 According to its constitution, Saudi Arabia is a monarchy with a limited Consultative Council and Council of Ministers.7 The Consultative Council is governed by the Shura Council Law, which is based on Islam,8 and serves as an advisory body that operates strictly within the traditional confines of Islamic law.9 The Council of Ministers, expressly recognized by the Basic Law,10 is authorized to “examine almost any matter in the kingdom.”11 The Basic Law was promulgated by the king in 1993 and operates somewhat like a limited “bill of rights” for Saudi citizens. Comprising a portion of the Saudi Constitution, the Basic Law broadly outlines “the government’s rights and responsibilities,” as well as the general structure of government and the general source of law (the Koran). 12 The Basic Law consists of 83 articles defining the strict, Saudi Islamic state. By declaring that Saudi Arabia is an Islamic state and by failing to make any 1 U.S. -
Modernity, Wahhabi Islam and Monarchial Power in Qatar
MODERNITY, WAHHABI ISLAM, AND MONARCHIAL POWER IN QATAR EXHIBITED IN ITS CONTEMPORARY ART ____________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University Dominguez Hills ____________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Humanities ____________ by Christine Crane Fall 2017 This thesis is dedicated to my husband, Mark, whose confidence in me and support made it possible. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge my mentor Dr. Patricia Gamon. I would also like to acknowledge the use of the library and graduate tutoring services at Utah Valley University, especially the help and support of Rebecca and Kelsey in the Writing Center. iii PREFACE Because of the laws in the Gulf that do not allow for criticism of any of the Gulf monarchy as well as Islam, in order to maintain their position at Qatari schools or even their research and travel privileges in the Gulf, authors ignore or soft-pedal any serious problems in the Gulf states; this must be taken into consideration when doing any research regarding this region. Another shortsightedness, I have also seen repeated in the scholarship of Qatar is a disregard for the belief in Wahhabi Islam, almost always reducing it to a “culture” or “tradition.” I examine art created and collected within a cultural context that includes the influence of Wahhabi Islam as religion. To this end, I have chosen to use the English word for Allah, which is of course God. My sources are entirely based on English-language sources. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................iii PREFACE ............................................................................................................................... -
How Does the Introduction of the Idea of Civil Society and the Development
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RMIT Research Repository TERROR IN INDONESIA: TERRORISM AND THE REPRESENTATION OF RECENT TERRORIST ATTACKS IN THREE INDONESIAN NEWS PUBLICATIONS WITHIN A CONTEXT OF CULTURAL AND SOCIAL TRANSITION PRAYUDI AHMAD A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at RMIT University SCHOOL OF MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION COLLEGE OF DESIGN AND SOCIAL CONTEXT ROYAL MELBOURNE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA JUNE 2010 ii DECLARATION I certify that this dissertation does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material which has been submitted for an award of any other university or other institutions. To the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the dissertation. The content of the dissertation is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program. Any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged. Signed : Date : June 2010 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is the outcome of four years of doctoral research in the School of Media and Communication, College of Design and Social Context, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. During this time, I have worked with a great number of people who have contributed in various ways to the research and the completion of the dissertation. It is a pleasure to convey my gratitude to them all and convey my humble acknowledgment. First and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisors, Professor Dr. -
The Taliban's Online Emirate
International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence ISSN: 0885-0607 (Print) 1521-0561 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujic20 The Taliban’s Online Emirate Carl Anthony Wege To cite this article: Carl Anthony Wege (2017) The Taliban’s Online Emirate, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 30:4, 833-837, DOI: 10.1080/08850607.2017.1337453 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1337453 Published online: 07 Sep 2017. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ujic20 Download by: [73.190.106.112] Date: 07 September 2017, At: 14:50 BOOKREVIEWS 833 The Taliban’s Online Emirate CARL ANTHONY WEGE Neil Krishan Aggarwal: The Taliban’s Virtual Emirate: The Culture and Psychology of an Online Militant Community Columbia University Press, New York, 2016, 211 p., $60. Neil Aggarwal, a Harvard- and of its distinct target audiences Yale-trained psychiatrist, has turned thereby increasing support for the his many talents to an analysis neo-Taliban insurgency. of The Taliban’s Virtual Emirate During the 1980s, foreshadowing emergent over the last decade. modern Taliban efforts in the cyber While a number of studies have been domain, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar’s published on al-Qaeda’s virtual Hizb-e Islami began publishing hard world and some on the Islamic State copy Islamist periodicals in Arabic, (ISIS), rather little is available on Pashto, Dari, Urdu, and English the Taliban’s cyber presence. Dr. during the Jihad against the Aggarwal utilizes his training in Soviets.