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Projet D'extension Du Site Classé Baie Du Mont Saint-Michel Et Mise En

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Projet D'extension Du Site Classé Baie Du Mont Saint-Michel Et Mise En Ministère de l’Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de l’Energie. Directions Régionales de l’Environnement, de l’Aménagement et du Logement de Basse-Normandie & Bretagne Projet d’extension du site classé Baie du mont Saint-Michel et mise en valeur des paysages 1. Livret ‘‘Baie’’ Décembre 2013 ‘‘L’alliance du Mont et du grand paysage de la baie qu’il focalise est intacte depuis des siècles’’ Icomos, mars 1979 Projet d’extension du site classé dans la Baie du mont Saint-Michel et mise en valeur des paysages Document de travail Le «livret baie» est un docu- ment de travail qui n’est pas destiné à la publication, ni Equipe ‘‘ESTRAN PAYSAGE’’ à une diffusion au public / Il constitue un document tech- nique pour juger de la perti- nence du classement du site selon des critères. Des extraits serviront à rédiger le rapport de présentation plus synthè- Clément Briandet tique et diffusé. Paysagiste d.p.l.g. L’ensemble des données car- Marion Le Berre tographiques sont la propriété des DREAL 50 & DREAL 35. Territoires En Mouvement Urbaniste Hélène Durand Alisé géomatique Benoît Vandeputte Journaliste et historien des religions Pierre Enjelvin Photographe Sylvie Valet Toomak, Graphiste webmaster Photo B. Bouvier Photo B. Contact : Clément Briandet / 3 rue d’Italie 75013 Paris / [email protected] Equipe ‘Estran Paysages’ janvier 2013 2 Projet d’extension du site classé dans la Baie du mont Saint-Michel et mise en valeur des paysages MEDDE ‘‘Merveille de l’Occident’’, le mont Saint-Michel se dresse au coeur Le rapport de présentation d’une immense baie envahie par les plus grandes marées d’Europe en 4 livret et une cartographie Les études permettent de formuler, argumenter et illustrer, si cela était nécessaire !, en quoi les territoires de la baie du mont Saint-Michel méritent ou nécessitent une protection renforcée Sommaire de ses paysages naturels, agricoles et urbains (patrimoniaux), ainsi que ses patrimoines remarquables. - Un livret ‘‘baie’’ présente la baie Ouverture sur la baie p. 5 en générale et ses entités de paysage, regard nécessaire pour appréhender Le territoire de la baie p. 7 l’ensemble des paysages de la baie avant de cerner ceux qui vont être clas- sés. Critères de classement du site classé p. 23 La baie est perçue en croisant des cinq critères qui justifient le classement d’un Légendaire p. 31 site. Artistique p. 37 - Un livret du Périmètre explicite les Historique p. 43 critères retenus pour le classement de la baie et apporte la justification plus fine Scientifique p. 53 du périmètre du site classé. Pittoresque p. 59 - Un livret cahier de gestion du site classé vise à décrire les sujets sur les- Les entités de paysage autours de la baie p. 65 quels des actions peuvent être menées pour atteindre les objectifs de valorisa- tion de ces paysages qui sont à la fois La baie à 360° p. 95 exceptionnels, mais également le cadre de vie et de travail de ses habitants. - Un livret observatoire photogra- phique des paysages de la baie du mont Saint-Michel présente les prises de vues retenues pour illustrer le site pitto- resque ainsi que certaines dynamiques d’évolution du site. Le rapport de présentation non tech- nique et synthétique sera nourrit de ces livrets - La cartographie du périmètre Un atlas au 25000 ième et un autre au 5000 ième. Equipe ‘Estran Paysages’ janvier 2013 3 Projet d’extension du site classé dans la Baie du mont Saint-Michel et mise en valeur des paysages Le Mont Saint-Michel représenté Photographié, peint, racontés, ... Les paysages de la baie sont la scène de plusieurs histoires, de nombreuses légendes. Victor Hugo à Mademoiselle Louise Bertin, aux Roches. Mont-Saint-Michel, 27 juin 1836. «Je vous écris, mademoiselle, du Mont-Saint-Michel qui est vraiment le plus « Le Mont-Saint-Michel est pour la France ce que la grande pyra- beau lieu du monde, après Bièvre, bien entendu. Les Roches sont belles et elles mide est pour l’Egypte. sont bonnes ; immense avantage qu’elles ont sur ce sinistre amas de cachots, Il faut la préserver de toute mutilation de tours et de rochers qu’on appelle le Mont-Saint-Michel. Il serait difficile d’écri- Il faut que le Mont-Saint-Michel reste une île re d’un lieu plus terrible à un lieu plus charmant que d’où je suis où vous êtes. Il faut conserver à tout prix cette double œuvre de la nature et En ce moment, je suis bloqué par la mer qui entoure le mont. En hiver, avec de l’art. » les ouragans, les tempêtes et les naufrages, ce doit être horrible. Du reste, c’est admirable. « Il faudrait entasser les superlatifs d’admiration comme les Un lieu bien étrange que ce Mont-Saint-Michel ! Autour de nous, partout à hommes ont entassé les édifices sur les rochers et comme la na- perte de vue, l’espace infini, l’horizon bleu de la mer, l’horizon vert de la terre, ture a entassé les rochers sur les édifices. » les nuages, l’air, la liberté, les oiseaux envolés à toutes ailes, les vaisseaux à toutes voiles ; et puis, tout à coup, là, dans une crête de vieux mur, au-dessus de nos têtes, à travers une fenêtre grillée, la pâle figure d’un prisonnier. Jamais je n’ai senti plus vivement qu’ici les cruelles antithèses que l’homme fait quelquefois avec la nature.» Equipe ‘Estran Paysages’ janvier 2013 4 Projet d’extension du site classé dans la Baie du mont Saint-Michel et mise en valeur des paysages MEDDE ‘‘Il faut conserver à tout prix cette double œuvre de la nature et de l’art.’’ Victor Hugo Le mont dans sa baie des deux côtés du trait de cote, etc. du panorama en ombres chinoises ... Le Mont Saint-Michel a été inscrit les associations et les paysages créés au titre des sites dès 1935. De cette La baie pittoresque sont toujours renouvelés. La baie protégée date à 1987, de multiples sites (ins- C’est cet écrin, la baie, qui est in- Le mont est le repère de la baie com- La baie pittoresque est un site très crits et classés) ont été créés en baie dissociable du mont qui fait l’objet me il désoriente et affiche la déme- fréquenté par les visiteurs, il est du mont Saint-Michel (domaine pu- de notre attention. Imaginez ! La sure qu’il provoque. aussi un lieu de vie et de travail. Les blic maritime et partie terrestre). baie sans le mont ... le mont sans la dynamiques d’évolution des prati- Si en 1987 un site à l’échelle de la baie... cela ne fonctionne plus ! Ce Un paysage, des paysages ques économiques et des usages en baie (Basse-Normandie et Ille-Et- minuscule rocher donne à ce grand Ce mont «trompe l’oeil», ou qui du général de ces paysages très attrac- Vilaine) a été institué, la protection territoire mouvant entre terre et mer moins capable de troubler nos per- tifs demandent à ce que nous pre- s’avère être insuffisante. Une pro- toute ses dimensions (symbolique, ceptions du paysage de la baie, est nions garde de leur transmission aux tection complémentaire à ces si- picturale, sociétale, usages, etc.). le coeur d’un socle géomorphologi- générations futures. Des altérations tes s’est avérée indispensable pour Ce fond de scène ou cet observatoi- que unique (les plus grandes marée irréversibles des paysages et les mi- prendre en compte les enjeux de re selon notre position, fait du mont d’Europe) avec un estran-spectacle lieux naturels en lien avec la baie et ce patrimoine inscrit au patrimoine Saint-Michel et de sa baie un site des et des reliefs marqués qui ferment le mont peuvent être maîtrisés par la mondial. C’est pourquoi une exten- plus pittoresque (et l’un des sites par endroits franchement la scène de protection de certains sites naturels sion de cette protection a été déci- les plus visité de France, voire d’Eu- la baie. et agricoles directement exposés. dée par le ministère en charge des rope). Ajoutées à la force picturale L’extension du site classé pérennise sites sur l’ensemble de la baie, tant des lieux, les légendes et les milieux Cette baie a été fortement modelée des paysages et un dialogue harmo- dans le département de la Manche, naturels qui entourent le mont ren- par l’homme pour ses activités éco- nieux entre le mont et sa baie. Le que du département d’Ille et Vilaine, forcent cette impression de sublime, nomiques qui ont façonnées ces pay- cahier de gestion du site permet d’al- autour de cette unique baie. d’inquiétante étrangeté... sages. ler plus loin et de contribuer à l’amé- Il existe différentes entités de pay- lioration voire la requalification de Le Monument, le mont Saint-Michel En chaque lieu de la baie ou le mont sages aux caractéristique et aux en- certains sites ou de pratiques qui in- lui même, et ses abords immédiats, apparaît, dans un large panorama jeux assez différents sur le tour de teragissent avec la qualité exception- font l’objet de plusieurs protections comme dans une furtive fenêtre vi- la baie qui permettent d’en faire une nelle des paysages de la baie. C’est au titre eds Monuments Historiques suelle à travers les haies du boca- description plus détaillée. Ces enti- un rapport d‘équilibre fragile entre qui ont été ajustées au cours des ge,... le paysage devient digne d’être tés représentent autant de manière toutes les composantes du paysage, temps. peint, définition du pittoresque. différente de percevoir et de vivre le la façon de vivre, de travailler, de dé- Le site a connu plusieurs histoires mont et sa baie.
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