Notes Winter/Spring 2005

Home , David Ho, David Malpass, Paul Haenle, Roy Rowan, Shark fin soup, Working on It

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USTR Robert Zoellick Gives Keynote at neither side will actually materially strong non-urban consumption Annual Meeting, continued from page 2 change the exchange rate. growth, financial market loans, is not destabilizing the He applauded China’s recent innovation, liberalization of capital Chinese economy and that others’ efforts that allow foreign banks, outflows, and more regulatory concern over inflation is “somewhat foreign investment banks, and constraints on fixed investment. I USTR Young Leaders AIDS Expert overstated.” Added Malpass: “My other types of institutions to do expect the currency to remain Robert Zoellick Gather at Third Dr. David Ho expectation is that there will business directly in China. Such relatively stable and trade tensions Gives Keynote Annual Forum Speaks at Public continue to be massive non- liberalization in the financial system to increase a bit as the U.S. at Annual Health Program performing loans, and that the encourages China’s private sector to continues to run a large bilateral Meeting system will continue to be stable.” flourish, as it can be used to bypass trade deficit with China.” On China’s pegged exchange the state-owned banking system. Following the panelists’ rate, he suggested that changing the Malpass concluded his remarks remarks, John L. Holden, National yuan/dollar exchange rate would with a review of where he thought Committee president, moderated a 3821 pose difficulties for both the United current trends were heading: “Fast lively discussion that engaged all NOTES States and China – to a degree that GDP growth, higher interest rates, three panelists and the audience. ■

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New Program: U.S.-China Student Leaders Exchange

Winter / Spring 2005 Volume 33, Number 1 A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Productive U.S.-China relations can never be taken for granted. Wise leadership in both countries is required to prevent unexpected events, such as the United States’ mistaken bombing of 2 Reflections on My Tenure China’s Belgrade embassy and the collision of a Chinese jet fighter with an American reconnaissance aircraft off Hainan Island, from spiraling out of Stepping down after nearly seven years in control. A review of the past four decades the post, National Committee president of Sino-American interaction leads an John Holden notes that the Committee’s work optimist like me to claim that the remains as vital as ever relationship is robust enough (and leadership good enough) to withstand The National Committee has, for support of so many others: Barber major shocks; another observer might say, nearly four decades, played important Conable and Carla Hills, Committee however, that it will only be a matter of roles in helping build bridges of chairs during my tenure, and our time before an event is so big – or is understanding between the United outstanding cast of directors, members, handled so poorly – that a crisis becomes NOTES States and China, and it has been an and friends who have helped us in so a disaster. honor to have been part many ways. We’ve But what concerns me today is not the of its work. In this, my also been fortunate to likelihood of a single event precipitating last message in have had the support disaster in U.S.-China relations; instead, NOTES, I would like to of many American it is the possibility of unresolved issues offer brief observations corporations far- accumulating in number and intensity to on some of the people, sighted enough to the point that they reach a critical mass events, and issues that understand the value and set off a chain reaction. From an I have encountered of our work, and of the American perspective, the two countries during my tenure as U. S. government need to make significant progress on such president. agencies that have sensitive matters as North Korean nuclear We have been appreciated how the weapons, China’s growing trade surplus Right: extremely fortunate Committee can help with the United States, and related John L. Holden over the years that so them achieve their questions such as the Chinese currency’s at the 2003 Young many talented and programmatic goals. pegged exchange rate and intellectual Leaders Forum held engaging people have And we are grateful to property rights violations. Although not at Huangshan. been willing to work so the foundations – a bilateral issue, growing tensions in hard for the Committee. Space does not Ford, Freeman, Luce, and Starr, in Japan-China and cross-Strait relations is permit me to mention them all, but I particular – whose ongoing unrestricted also a matter of concern to the United must single out vice presidents Jan Berris and project funding has been so States. and Ros Daly. Jan has been with us since important. Whether China and America can 1971; what is most remarkable about her Furthermore, Sino-American relations continue to maintain a successful is not the longevity of her service or the would not have advanced to where they relationship – one that identifies and legions of people she knows, but the are today without the efforts of a great addresses mutual interests and resolves or passion, integrity, and dynamism she many talented and perceptive Chinese finesses competing ones – is a question brings to her work day in and day out. Jan policymakers, educators, and analysts; it that will have major bearing on the is a marvelous resource and key to the has been my privilege to have worked prospects for world peace and prosperity success of the Committee’s programs. with many of them. this century. Leaders in China and the Since 1979, Ros Daly has worked behind As we look ahead, I am confident that United States, from both inside and the scenes with great dedication to the National Committee initiatives such as outside of government, must find ways to myriad administrative and financial tasks the Student Leaders Exchange (see page make progress on the above matters so that help the organization accomplish so 4), the Young Leaders Forum (see page that the overall calculus of U.S.-China much with so little. Ros’s contributions 8), the Foreign Policy Colloquium (see relations remains positive. The National in the “boiler room” of the organization page 12), the Teachers Exchange Committee on U.S.-China Relations’ earn her the moniker “Unsung Heroine Program (see page 19), and the newly unique capabilities ensure that it will of the National Committee.” It has been announced Public Intellectuals Program continue to make important contributions a delight working with Jan and Ros, and (see our website) will enable younger toward this end. In the years ahead, with the other extremely dedicated generations of Americans and Chinese to although I will no longer be involved as members of the Committee team. find new ways of building mutually president, I look forward to doing what I The National Committee could not beneficial relations between the two can to help. ■ have achieved what it has without the countries. Hu Jintao, Wen Jiabao, and China’s other new leaders; and the major policy changes Members’ Bookshelf USTR Robert Zoellick Gives under the Hu administration. He believes that, in two short years as party secretary, Hu Jintao has capably moved 26 Keynote at Annual Meeting out from under Jiang Zemin’s shadow and 3 has demonstrated his political wisdom Below is just a partial listing of the Bob Sutter, China’s Rise in Asia: Promises Security Studies / and skill, often by “making major policy NOTES many books National Committee and Perils (Rowman and Littlefield, International Relations moves that deliberately confuse some members have authored over the past 2005). Panel of experts assesses China’s recent political potential critics, both at home and year. For an expanded Members’ Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, ed., Dangerous abroad.” Calling the Hu-Wen team “the Bookshelf going back to 2000, please visit Madeleine Zelin, Jonathan K. Ocko, and and economic developments Strait: The US-Taiwan-China Crisis most capable leadership in PRC history,” our website. Committee members who Robert Gardella, Contract and Property in (Columbia University Press, 2005). he suggested that it is the Western have additions to the web listings and/or Early Modern China (Stanford University U.S. Trade Representative Robert B. movement toward a multi-party system, media’s analysis of the China’s leadership, submissions for the next edition of Press, 2004). Zoellick and a panel of distinguished at least not for the next few decades. Richard C. Bush, At Cross Purposes: U.S.- and not the leadership itself, that has the NOTES may contact Jonathan Lowet China specialists addressed nearly 200 China’s leaders will opt instead to look for Taiwan Relations Since 1942 (M.E. Sharpe, greater shortcomings. ([email protected]). National Committee members and ways to make the current government Public Affairs and Administration 2004). invited guests at the annual Members and party more efficient, transparent, and Li suggested that the era of strongman Meeting – fortuitously timed for responsive to the needs of the people. politics in China is over and that

two-character Chinese name given to me happen unless people at the top were will suggest a particular route, or have a Now, what are the other things that are NOTES by my ﬁrst Chinese host, I’ve forgotten comfortable with it happening. Nobody conversation, or make a particular promoting positive developments? We’ve In March 2004, Chinese Embassy gorgeous Suzhou garden... hear the the characters for the Chinese trans- just does this. The new leadership has intervention. And that happens a fair mentioned several of them, but another education ofﬁcials approached the National brilliance and passion in my host Hui literation of my English name, which my thought about and it has been decided to amount, I’m afraid. We have a passion for one is the emergence of a younger, better- Committee with a special request: to develop Yin’s er hu performance, or the recording second host taught me after we saw it in a try it. What I would like to do is have an collecting Chinese government written educated class of judicial officials. a new program that would send top-notch of “Qing Ba Wode Ge” and the individual newspaper photo caption. However, agreement so that it continues on a responses to other groups’ inquiries – Frankly, I think that is what’s going on American students to China. In particular, voices of my fellow students over the moments and experiences are etched in regular basis. which they tell me is several hundred a more than anything else. I think that they were interested in having us work with the music, sweetly out-of-tune but my mind; here I’ll share only a few. year to various governments and the UN. people are able to get into some positions U.S. Department of Education’s Presidential earnest and eager to share and to learn. In Wuxi, I practiced the characters of NC: A little over a year ago, you cited Fifteen years ago this was unheard of, but and are able to carry out sentence Scholars Program that annually recognizes up When I first got home, I overflowed my Chinese name in my journal, over and religious- and Internet/journalist- now it is commonplace. I collect these reductions and parole, without really to 141 of our nation’s most outstanding high with a new kind of knowledge, vastly over, in front of the TV. While my host based crimes as the fastest growing and we scrutinize them. I might see a waiting or even having it necessary for

NOTES school graduates. different from and far more interesting showered, I scooted next to her mother to type of political offenses the Chinese very subtle change in wording of the them to wait. In response, the National Committee and relevant than anything I’d learned in show her my work; she smiled and took government was prosecuting… official account – a change that tells me created the U.S.-China Student Leaders someone might be in play if we push the I’ll give you a very good example. Exchange – an opportunity for 12 JK: Yes, that’s still true, although there’s right buttons and pull the right levers. Look at the death penalty debate in Presidential Scholars to spend two weeks in also a third major category now as well. In In terms of how one selects other China. Over the last year, there has been China just before commencing their university the last year or so, we have seen people prisoners to ask about, that’s pretty much a lot of debate in public, with statements studies, and to begin a dialogue with their detained in what are called tufa shijian, constant: we look for, obviously, non- by people like [president of The Chinese counterparts in Shanghai, Suzhou, “suddenly occurring incidents.” violent expression of political, religious Supreme People’s Court] Xiao Yang that Wuxi, Nanjing, Yangzhou, and Beijing. [Washington Post Beijing bureau chief] beliefs. We cast a fairly skeptical eye at the central government needs to take The program received tremendous support, Philip Pan did a nice piece on it, claiming claims of conspiracy to commit violence. back the power to approve executions; financial and otherwise, from the Chinese 58,000 instances of these tufa shijian in We certainly look for good geographic that there have been a lot of problems Embassy; the Chinese Ministry of Education; 2003. We are seeing big growth in the spread. I think we need to cover the with this present arrangement; that the the Jiangsu Provincial Department of number of spontaneous – and still illegal country as a whole in our inquiries. The death penalty is not being administered Education; Jiangsu Education Television; – demonstrations that incite disturbances chance that the individual is still in prison fairly. And then, less than a year ago, out and local education bureaus, schools, and host to the social order and social is an important factor, obviously, if you’re comes an extraordinary revelation from families. On the American side, Laureate management, in the government’s putting together a prisoner list. China that nationwide they execute Education, Inc., and its partner, Wall Street opinion. We are seeing a big increase in The things that go into making a good roughly 10,000 a year. Probably closer to English, underwrote various aspects of the people being imprisoned, albeit for prisoner list are well established and 12,000. All that and the Supreme Court project, including a two-day pre-departure relatively short periods, for three to five haven’t changed much. A good prisoner still has not taken back the power to orientation held in Washington, D.C. years, for their participation. I’ve seen a list will have well-known prisoners on it; approve, as of today. But the wide The following piece is written by Katie case recently of someone getting a big it will have prisoners of special interest to expectation is that they will. Huston, a student from Royal Oak, Michigan, sentence, but mostly it’s small sentences. the individual handing over the list; and who is now completing a busy freshman year at This is a fast growing area in the then it will have representatives who are NC: With all these developments in the University of Massachusetts Amherst. database. We are up to 9,000 cases, obscure, people who are never asked the China human rights arena, what including people we know who have about. That is a category – I keep a are the implications, if any, for U.S.- been sentenced, served their terms, and running count of 15 or 20 obscure China relations? Today, six months after my return, I been released – we keep them in the American Student Leaders Exchange participants begin their two-week visit to China in Shanghai. prisoners – that we try to stick into lists open the folder of digital photos on my database. We are looking at a body of data JK: The American people are fascinated Front row (L to R): Jason Misium (Dallas, Texas), Hannah Ma (Upper Arlington, Ohio), Katie Huston with some success. People sort of like computer labeled “Best of China” and that has 9,000 separate entries now. So, with China’s emergence as a 21st century marvel at what I see. Was I really there? (Royal Oak, Michigan); Middle row: Katie Booth (Lake Mary, Florida); Back row: Henry Jicha (Chapel we can have a small degree of confidence this idea. So it’s a mix. A list is something great power, and see its people’s struggle It’s almost hard to believe, but I can Hill, North Carolina), Bryan Lee (Westminster, Colorado), Dean Thongkham (Mesa, Arizona), Nicola in generalizations like what I just said, we spend a quite a bit of time making for human rights as an essential part of still feel my quads burn as I climb eagerly Ulibari (El Prado, New Mexico), Jessi Reel (Atlanta, Georgia), Joanne Luckey (Columbia, Kentucky), Jake that one of the fastest growing areas is this sure it is put together right. But those are that story. Improvements in the area of up and down the Great Wall of China... Schuman (Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania), Ben Pope (Newton, Massachusetts). tufa shijian category. some of the general principles. human rights, indications of a growing see the sun rising before 5 in the morning respect for rule of law, will always find a over the city of Shanghai, already so alive books or on TV: knowledge borne of the pen to show me how to write it NC: With plenty of new cases, what NC: Right now, it seems like a lot of welcome audience in the U.S., among the with bicycles and vendors on the streets... immersing myself in another culture, of properly. I can still hear her repeating it principles do you use to help decide factors – China’s rapid economic taste the dumplings we made minutes living with Chinese hosts, of asking over and over, “Meng Xi,” laughing kindly how to allocate your resources? Do growth, its entry into the WTO, people as a whole and certainly among earlier with students in Nanjing, or the questions, of connecting with people. at my inability to hear the subtle you get yourself involved in many high preparations for the 2008 Olympics – their elected representatives. Conversely, fresh hot sweet bread we purchased for The evening my parents brought me differences between her pronunciation profile cases? are converging to promote positive stories about setbacks in the area of legal only yi jiao on an early morning walk, or home from the airport, I couldn’t wait to and mine. changes in China’s human rights reform and serious abuses of human the huge juicy white peaches left for us pop the CD of photos into my computer In Nanjing, my host Fanny and I spent JK: I try to balance concern for important record. What should the international rights negatively affect the relationship, each day in our Beijing hotel... smell the and tell them about my experiences; after four hours shopping at the night market; high profile cases; the fact they are high community be worried about? What’s and hamper the realization of the full thunderstorm approaching as I watch two solid hours, we had only gotten we took a taxi home rather than the group profile should not lead me to discriminate going to bring about the next potential for U.S.-China relations in the classical Chinese performances in a through half the pictures. tour bus because we were having way too against them, obviously. My approach is clampdown? early part of the new century. ■ not hurt anybody. I think on that score I much fun to go home. I remember the Six months later, I have a better sense dozen delicacies I had no name for. I’m can say I have got a very good record. way we laughed when we got lost of how my trip to China has changed me. more eager to embrace new experiences. An Interview with 2004 In terms of people I have actually together on a curvy side street, the way I’m more adventurous, more Before the trip, I knew little about China managed to help get sentence reductions, we hunted for a perfect pair of shoes for independent. Before the trip, I ordered a and had no particular interest in it above better treatment, parole, etc., I am her, the way she ran off to get my curiosity about all other 24 MacArthur Fellow John Kamm probably batting around .400. I don’t a water bottle for the sweaty nations; now my head turns 5 think that’s that great, but it’s something, craftsman as he meticulous- whenever I hear about

I suppose. ly carved my name into a China. After spending time NOTES stone chop. in a nation where everyone Cited for designing and implementing “an We study a case and learn as much NC: Are you optimistic that the human In Beijing, we waited in stared at me for being white, original approach to freeing prisoners of about it as possible. Once we feel we rights situation will improve in China? line for 45 minutes to see where I was often conscience in China by leveraging business have as much as we can get about a case, Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum; linguistically isolated from relationships,” National Committee Director we approach the Chinese government in JK: Yes, and I can tell you something that I was astonished to see everyone but my host, I’m no longer afraid to do things John Kamm was awarded a MacArthur a forthright and respectful way. We use has just happened. Last week the hundreds of Chinese Fellowship (a.k.a. “Genius Award”) in 2004. multiple channels in our approach to the on my own. Chinese government sent me a large behaving as though on a The National Committee’s Jonathan Lowet sat Chinese government. We have a direct Traveling to China has communication: written information on religious pilgrimage, wide- down with Mr. Kamm to discuss the award, channel. Of course, we also work closely also given me a completely 56 cases. The most striking thing about eyed children bearing flags his track record, and recent developments in with the U.S. government and, different outlook on this is that, for the first time ever, the and parents cradling ﬂowers

NOTES the China human rights arena. increasingly, with the governments of America and my life here. Chinese government has provided in their arms to leave near European countries. Dui Hua was someone I had always When I’ve traveled to information on people whose names we recently granted “Special Consultative thought of as an indescribably different parts of the United did not know. When you talk about National Committee: Congratulations Status” with the Economic and Social evil tyrant. I remember the States and Canada, I’ve system change, all right, well…. When on being selected as one of the 2004 Council (ECOSOC) of the United conversation I had with noticed and marveled at you talk about something that really MacArthur Fellows. What impact has Nations. Hannah Ma, a Chinese- what was different; in China, indicates a possible change in the way the the award had upon your work? American student in our we delighted in anything Chinese government has approached, if NC: When did that happen and what group whose parents lived in that was the same. I suppose you will, investigations into human rights John Kamm: There have will that do for you? China through the Cultural that suggests that I was abuses, this is an important step forward. been positive reactions all Revolution, and Jon Lowet, going through some culture around. There have been JK: ECOSOC’s NGO Committee our group leader who lived in My trip to China made me shock while I was in China, NC: What do you attribute this nice words of con- approved us in January, and the full Beijing at the time of the realize that I want to interact but that doesn’t compare to change to? gratulations spoken. Council approved us on February 7. T iananmen Square the feeling I had once I There has been that sort China sits on both the 19-member NGO and learn on a global level, returned home. Having crackdown in 1989. I was of added imprimatur that Committee and the Council, which JK: It’s very hard to say. In this particular and it inspired me to experienced a different fascinated by the insight I the approach we have among other things oversees the Human make a difference in the world. lifestyle with my Chinese case, I have been having a 15-year gained from their per- taken is a valid approach Rights Commission. host families and having conversation with Chinese officials. It spectives and arrested by the in the area of human It is very rare for China to raise no learned about China’s vastly goes something like this: “Here I am, realization that the Western rights. I have gotten very objections to granting “Special different political, eco- asking you about 100 people and trying to way of looking at the world, good feedback both from Consultative Status” to an NGO working nomic, and social para- get you to tell me who has been released, of judging people, is not the the NGO community on China’s human rights situation. This digms, I now see my Amer- and who has had a sentence reduction. only way. and from various status will allow Dui Hua to attend UN ican home through new Certainly, we will continue this way. But When I fell down at the governments, including meetings, make statements, and submit eyes. I can more critically Top: why don’t we also try another way? That Beijing roller disco (awesome the Chinese government. reports. evaluate my lifestyle and Dumplings 101: is, you tell me about, say, sentence final-night-in-China Above: I guess it’s been kind of a validation, not reductions you’ve carried out. Just tell my nation. I realize how Jason Misium gets NC: What do you believe accounts for activity!), before I could even John Kamm, that we needed it, but it is still nice. me about it.” petty my problems can be a lesson on how to the high degree of success you’ve had? prop myself up, a young and how much bigger the executive director of Of course, when they do tell me about make jiaozi from NC: How do you describe the Chinese woman held out her world is. Yet at the same the Dui Hua reductions, what happens is that they his Chinese host approach that Dui Hua, the foundation JK: It is very hard to quantify success in hand, her smile glowing time I’ve stopped taking Foundation and often choose political prisoners who are you’ve created, has taken? a venture like this. Sometimes you work brighter than her white many things for granted. I 2004 MacArthur serving very long terms. One of the guys Bottom: on a case for ten or 12 years and get sweater. We may have waste less water and use Fellow was sentenced to life in prison in 1984, After a lecture on JK: Our approach is now pretty well nowhere, and then ﬁnd out the guy was exchanged eight words we fewer paper towels. Even Photo courtesy of the and he is serving a very long sentence for traditional Chinese Dui Hua Foundation. established. We are in the “list business,” given a sentence reduction back when both understood, but we as I can be a critic, I medicine at the as I sometimes like to say. We conduct a you started working on it. And the using superstitious ideas to commit skated hand-in-hand for recognize what is good Nanjing Acu- worldwide search for the names of Chinese government just did not let you counter-revolutionary acts. They fifteen minutes. I can still about the political and social Chinese political prisoners. On a recent know. disclosed his existence and said that he is hear my laughter blending framework within which puncture Clinic, trip to China, for example, one of my First of all, I have worked on so many being given a sentence reduction. Now, with hers when we were I live. Jessi Reel opts colleagues and I dug our way through the cases and, of course, the public never that to me is a signiﬁcant change in the joined by a Chinese man, a I’m still not certain what for cupping municipal libraries in Shanghai and hears about the ones that are not way they have responded to the far better skater than either of I want to do with my life, (moxibustion). Hangzhou and found quite a few successful. Much of the time, I see little international community. us, who took my other hand and pulled grilled chicken sandwich nearly every but my trip to China this summer made interesting cases. From this research, we impact. I always point out that I never see us behind as he wove agilely through the time I ate out; now when I’m presented me realize that I want to interact and generate prisoner lists for various harm done, and that is the most important NC: After 15 years of engaging the crowds; I can still remember how fast we food that looks strange, I remind myself learn on a global level, and it inspired me purposes – on average, a couple of lists thing. It is not just how many people you Chinese on this issue, that must be skated, that shared thrill that transcended I’ve tried much stranger: duck tongue, to make a difference in the world, each month. help; it is also very important that you do incredibly exciting and gratifying… any language barrier. shark fin soup, snail, and about three somehow. ■ drafted regulations: guidelines for labor judges, prosecutors, and lawyers. The inspectors throughout China that passing rate is very low, he tells me, U.S.-China Labor Law establish, for the very first time on the sending a clear message to China’s up- Corporate Programs: national level, a legal basis for the and-coming that they must be well- enforcement of standards in the areas of educated and well-qualified if they 6 Cooperation Project wage, hour, child labor, employer social expect to be part of China’s future legal Ambassador Randt Speaks 23 insurance pay-in, and more. system.

The Americans were particularly In Hong Kong, the National NOTES impressed by the candor of several of the Committee and the HKETO arranged a at Informal Session As reported in an earlier issue of labor compliance issues in the United inspection chiefs in discussing their series of very informative meetings with NOTES, the National Committee is part States, Asia, and Latin America; and Tom problems, and by their determination to lawyers and judges. When I was there of a consortium awarded a grant from the Nagle, deputy labor commissioner at the overcome nearly overwhelming obstacles. back in 1998, 14 months after the United States Department of Labor for a California Department of Industrial In spite of the many differences between handover, there was a great deal of jitters After a few brief remarks about the multiple-year project on labor law in Relations, who worked for many years as the two systems, the Americans about how merging back to mainland construction of a new American China. Funding for the U.S.-China a field inspector at the state level and commented over and over that many of China was working in reality. While not Embassy in Beijing, U.S. Ambassador to Labor Law Cooperation perfect, it appears to have worked quite China Clark T. “Sandy” Randt Jr. ﬁelded Project is provided by the well overall: the “two systems” have questions from a group of National United States Department indeed remained two systems yet a lot of Committee directors and corporate

NOTES of Labor under a cooperative effort goes into smoothing out the rough members who joined him for an off-the- agreement with the Chinese edges between them. For example, at record lunch in New York last October. Ministry of Labor and Social the Hong Kong International Arbitration The 20 attendees, most of whom knew Security (MOLSS). The Centre, the topic we discussed was the Ambassador Randt from his pre- National Committee’s glitches in enforcing arbitration decisions ambassadorial days in Hong Kong and American partners are rendered in Hong Kong on parties in the PRC, peppered him with questions Worldwide Strategies, Inc., mainland China. The Hong Kong Legal on a broad range of subjects. and the Asia Foundation; our Forum is a relatively new organization Responding to questions about Left: component of the project that encourages more interaction economics, Ambassador Randt identified The Honorable focuses on enhancing between lawyers from Hong Kong and textile safeguards as a strong Chinese North Korea. An additional benefit of Clark T. Randt Jr., China’s capacity to develop mainland China. At the City University concern and intellectual property rights the six-party talks, the Ambassador U.S. Ambassador laws and regulations based of Hong Kong School of Law, the and trade distribution rights as priority pointed out, has been the engagement of to China. on internationally recog- discussion centered on Hong Kong’s legal items on the U.S. agenda. the United States, South Korea, China, Photo courtesy of Kaveh Sardari nized workers’ rights and to system and the hopes for mainland On the political/security front, he Japan, and Russia in discussion of mutual enable those charged with China’s rule of law reform. And in gave a strong endorsement to the security concerns, a dialogue that has implementation and meetings with the Honorable Justice multilateral approach being pursued by developed a vitality of its own. ■ enforcement of those laws Geoffrey Ma Tao-li, chief judge of the the Bush administration with respect to and regulations to operate Hong Kong High Court; Mr. Philip more effectively. Dykes, chairman of the Hong Kong Bar In May 2004, the project’s Association; Mr. Stephen Lam, secretary initial programmatic activity for Constitutional Affairs, and Mr. Robert Right: took place – a three-day Allcock, solicitor general of the THEN & NOW: Condoleezza Rice U.S.-China Labor workshop in Qingdao that Department of Justice, I found them all Law Cooperation brought a team of top optimistic that Hong Kong’s legal system Project at the Great American labor inspection would remain intact and, in fact, would Wall (L to R): John specialists together with continue to have a positive influence on Fraser, Tom Nagle, senior government the development of the rule of law on the and Louis Vanegas representatives from mainland. (It was only at the Hong Kong MOLSS and the State University law school that the focus was Council, directors of key provincial and who, as a hearing officer, deals with the problems and issues faced by their elsewhere: I led a seminar on the municipal labor inspectorates, labor sweatshop wage, hour, and child labor Chinese colleagues were quite similar to constitutionality of same sex marriage in lawyers, and academics to discuss and issues on a daily basis. Mary Gallagher, ones they had faced in their own work. America – their choice of topic!) comment on a draft of new labor assistant professor of political science at In the end, the significance of the My discussions in Beijing and Hong inspection regulations. The American the University of Michigan and then a Qingdao seminar went far beyond that of Kong about the rule of law were June 1988 - Condoleezza Rice, associate March 2005 - Condoleezza Rice meets team consisted of John Fraser, former Fulbright fellow specializing in Chinese a simple opportunity to make a few completely different in nature from – and professor of political science at with President Hu Jintao during her deputy assistant secretary for labor issues at Shanghai’s East China comments on a set of draft regulations. more mature than – those I had had in Stanford University, makes her first first visit to China as Secretary of State. employment standards at the U.S. University of Politics and Law, helped For the Americans, it provided a rare 1998. Judges, attorneys, law faculty and trip to China as part of a National She also meets with Premier Wen Department of Labor and former head of brief the Americans and stayed on at the perspective from which to learn about the students all seem much more engaged in Committee-sponsored delegation of Jiabao and Foreign Minister Li the Department’s Wage and Hour workshop as an observer. Chinese labor standards enforcement the issues surrounding the rule of law, to American Soviet specialists to discuss Zhaoxing to discuss key issues Division for 11 years; Louis Vanegas, After briefings designed to bring the system and the challenges the a degree that sometimes surprised and the implications of the Gorbachev affecting U.S.-China relations. former director of the Wage and Hour U.S. team quickly up to speed on the government faces in the legal reform always delighted me. Certainly the reforms for Sino-Soviet, Soviet- Photo courtesy of the U.S. Department of State New York District Office with over 15 Chinese labor conditions and labor process; for the Chinese, the workshops discussions need to evolve further, but it American, and Sino-American years of field inspection, supervision, and enforcement systems, the workshop provided an opportunity, for many their is tremendously exciting to watch and be relations. training experience, now a consultant on sessions focused squarely on the newly first, to share their views with the drafters a small part of their journey. ■ unanimously for death, how come so and each other, as well as to interact with understanding of how U.S. wage and many people are sentenced to death?” “If Americans experts in this field. hour laws and regulations are China’s Recent Developments: a person kills one person intending to kill Moreover, as this was the first time administered and enforced at the More Exchanges him, but the bullet passes through him that the MOLSS had invited this kind of federal, state and local levels and, more and unintentionally kills someone else, is foreign feedback in such a public forum, generally, how workers’ rights are 22 A U.S. Judge’s Perspective that also considered murder?” And the workshops also provided the protected in the United States. An perhaps the best question of all: Chinese with the opportunity to see additional goal was to nurture Chinese Since the publication of our last issue of NOTES, “America requires a lot of legal training to other takes on the drafting process. “It inspection leaders who will continue to the Committee has been host to several delegations be a lawyer and a lot of actual experience was like a breath of fresh air in the play an important role in future Labor from China, as well as sending several there. Below Helen Ginger Berrigan, Chief Judge, U.S. “If a search warrant is issued for a house, as a lawyer to become a judge. Then how Chinese labor legal reform process. The Law Cooperation Project activities. are photographs of two groups that came to the United District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana, does that authorize searching the people come cases are decided by a handful of Americans brought with them different Most of the meetings were held at States in the last two months of 2004. New Orleans, visited China in 1998 as part found in the house?” lay people with no legal training?” (That ways of looking at regulations. Some of the Department of Labor’s of a National Committee Judicial Workshop. At the suggestion of Chris Lin, a last question led to a short history lesson the questions they asked were questions Employment Standards In the years since, Judge Berrigan has opened practicing lawyer and adjunct law about trial by jury and the American that no one else had asked during the Administration’s Wage and Hour her home and her court to visiting Chinese professor in both the United States (City colonies.) time the regulations were being drafted, Divisions in Washington, D.C., judges and others interested in rule of law University of New York) and China who The biggest high in Beijing was and what we learned from these new Houston, and San Francisco, with issues. Last September she took time during a very graciously accompanied me and reuniting with some lao pengyou: Judge ways of looking will be useful to us long several more informal sessions at non- private visit to China with her husband to give helped out when I after this particular drafting process has government organizations working with

NOTES a series of lectures in Beijing and Hong Kong needed interpreting, been completed,” said Mr. Lu Yulin, labor standards enforcement, such as the arranged by the National Committee with the I also met with director of the General Planning Berkeley Center for Labor Education assistance of Chris Lin, editor-in-chief of the members of the Division of the Legal Affairs and Research and the International American Law Review (a Chinese Deheng Law Offices, Department at the Ministry and a key Labor Rights Fund. periodical dedicated to introducing the an international firm figure in the U.S.-China Labor Law In their written and verbal evolution and current developments in primarily engaged in Cooperation Project. evaluations, the Chinese inspection American law to readers in China), and of the commercial law, but Given the obstacles of time, chiefs commented that much of what Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office with a white-collar language, they learned Members of the HIV/AIDS Community Planning Delegation at a state-funded needle exchange station in Providence, Rhode Island. Right: (HKETO). In this piece, adapted from a crime section as well. limited under- “The Americans brought with about the Judges’ Reunion longer article that Judge Berrigan wrote for the The firm’s founder standing of all American The eight-person group, four from Beijing and four from Yunnan, (L to R): Supreme National Committee, she reflects on some of the and managing partner the intricacies of them different ways of looking wage and included representatives from the China Centers for Disease Control, People’s Court Judge rule of law-related changes that have taken Ms. Wang Li came the Chinese at regulations…and what we hour system a local Yunnan health official, and both national-level and local Song Jianchao, Vice place in China since her prior visit. across as a formidable labor inspection learned from these new ways… had direct NGO staff members. Delegation members spent two weeks visiting Minister of Justice attorney, embodying system, and will be useful to us long after applicability sites in Atlanta, Providence, Boston, and Los Angeles, exploring the Zhang Jun, and China’s explosive new because of the this particular drafting process in what they role of community involvement in HIV/AIDS prevention and care. Judge Helen Ginger success herself. After sheer enormity do in China, As a follow-up, a team of four American experts, all of whom were In the six years I had been away, China working for the Ministry of Justice and Song Jianchao of the Supreme People’s of the chal- has been completed.” especially Berrigan in Beijing involved in the November program, will visit Beijing and Yunnan had changed…big time. helping to draft guidelines for lawyers to Court and Zhang Jun, a Supreme lenges facing those aspects in late May 2005 to participate in a series of workshops on the same At least that’s what I deduced from take advantage of China’s international People’s Court Judge when I met him in the Chinese labor law reform process, it that relate to back wages; investigator subject and to continue the dialogue with their Chinese colleagues. making a return visit to Beijing. development opportunities, Ms. Wang 2001, but now the Vice Minister of the was a challenge for the American team training, monitoring, and evaluation; and Everywhere I looked I saw evidence of a went into private practice, founding Ministry of Justice. In February 2001, members to provide useful ideas and the handling of worker complaints. booming economy: new skyscrapers, new Deheng, a firm that now has branches in Judge Song, Judge Zhang, and several of information. But Lu Yulin told the Future phases of the project are being fashions, new advertisements, and new nine Chinese cities as well as in The their colleagues came to New Orleans Committee that the American team’s planned for this year. In the spring, the traffic. (Where did all the bicycles go?) Hague, New York, Seattle, Paris, and where I hosted them for two days of input played an important role in the project will place four Chinese Less noticeable to the average return Osaka. (She also authored a compelling meetings and a wonderfully collegial final stages of the drafting process. legislative drafters, two from the central visitor is that China has also expanded its book on the liability of Chinese criminal dinner at my home. When I finally saw Premier Wen Jiabao signed the government and two from provincial- rule of law. This fact became apparent to defense lawyers themselves, including the delegation off at the airport, Judge regulation on November 1, 2004, and it level governments, into five-week me from the several meetings I had with the risk of being criminally charged for Zhang was the last down the ramp and was put into effect 30 days later. internships in U.S. state legislatures and judges, attorneys, and law students. aggressive representation of their clients.) called back, “Next year, Beijing!” Days after the new labor regulations academic institutions. Over the summer Their questions and their comments The National Committee and Chris Well, it was more like nearly five years went into effect, the second National – and building on the success of the simply had a different tone from the ones arranged for me to lecture at Peking later, but still worth the wait. Vice Committee portion of the U.S. China Qingdao program – we will hold another of 1998. University Law School. Prior to the Minister Zhang greeted me with the Labor Law Cooperation Project took China-based seminar, this time to In Beijing, I met with the members of lecture, I met with the law school dean same enthusiastic hug that he had used to place. In December 2004, the discuss labor contract law. This will be the Beijing criminal defense bar who had and several of the students, all of whom bid me farewell at the New Orleans Committee welcomed a delegation of followed by a U.S.-based training course plans to travel to the United States three spoke English and were full of questions airport. I tried using the Chinese I had ten labor officials from the Ministry, the for contract labor specialists and a follow- months later. We talked of the American about the American legal system. The been studying and Minister Zhang Chinese Academy of Labor and Social up seminar in China. Later in the year, Members of the Worker Training/Retraining Delegation – six judge’s role in pre-trial criminal topic for the lecture, by request, was the patiently listened – and smiled – through Security, and several provincial and specialists from China, the United States Chinese labor officials from the central and provincial governments proceedings, and in dealing with search criminal defense of death penalty cases. my haphazard intonations. It was clear municipal labor bureaus on a two-week and other countries will meet to develop – on a tour of the factory that produces Boeing’s 737s in Renton, warrants, confessions, and bail. They Around seventy students stayed for from speaking with him that Minister wage and hour laws training course in a training curriculum for Chinese labor Washington. The delegation’s two-week itinerary included stops in asked perceptive questions that showed two hours of give-and-take dialogue. Zhang now has a very significant position the United States. inspectors; in subsequent years, sessions Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Seattle, and San Francisco. This a different level of thinking than we They were very enthusiastic and, like the and is a major player in China’s rule of law W orking closely with the will be held at two different Chinese was the final segment of a three-part project that included American encountered in our 1998 workshop: Beijing lawyers, asked great questions: advancement. One of his duties is to Department of Labor, the National provincial centers devoted to training specialists in worker training and retraining going to Taiwan in ■ “How can a judge know if the police “Since there are so many lawyers in oversee the uniform judicial examinations Committee designed a program to give the trainers on this curriculum. April 2003 and a similar group going to the PRC in June 2004. officer is telling the truth in his affidavit?” America, and it takes 12 people to vote that are now required of all prospective the participants a comprehensive What is most striking, stepping out of the newsroom. I found it not only My host mother, Molly, is a journalist and Wrap-Up Session Arizona’s Phoenix Sky Harbor enabled me to get more opportunities to she is one of the kindest women in the Young Leaders from the U.S. International Airport, is the heat. As learn but also made me more open. world. She took great care of me and The three-month internship was so intense as a hair dryer and nearly as When I started my internship the first showed me almost every aspect of enjoyable that it came to the end before I relentless, it overpowers the first-time day I had never expected that I could American family life. noticed it. I was very reluctant to say 8 and China Gather in Sedona visitor with the sense that this is a place meet so many nice and helpful people. She encouraged me to experience as goodbye to my friends in Atlanta but at 21 the same time I missed home and was unlike any other. Actually, the friends I made there are the much American life as I can and

eager to see the other four interns as well NOTES That feeling of otherworldliness most precious thing I harvested in the welcomed me to join in most of her internship. I don’t know how I can fully as [National Committee program ofﬁcer] followed me for my entire trip to the state activities. We had dinner and even made express my gratitude to them. They took Meredith Champlin again. I ﬂew to L.A. last October for a meeting of the Young dinner together. I helped her with a great care of me, ready to help me at any with a light heart and a feeling of Leaders Forum (YLF), a conference Halloween party, Thanksgiving dinner, organized by the National Committee on time. They patiently answered my accomplishment. Different from the questions, willing to teach me whatever and a silent auction for donation. We orientation trip, the wrap-up session was U.S.-China Relations. made cakes for friends’ birthdays and The annual meeting, of which last they can. They were kind enough to more slow-paced and relaxing. Meredith decorated the Christmas tree together. year’s was the third, brings together a include me in their social activities, did a good job and helped us conclude the She took me out for shopping, to diverse and highly accomplished group of inviting me to lunches, dinners, parties, internship and gave us a lot of good churches on weekends, and to attend the people under the age of 40 from China taking me out for shows and movies. advice on how to readjust ourselves when activities of the Atlanta Press Club, a and the United States. Its aim: to build a When they talked about something they going back home.

NOTES never took me as an outsider. Instead, fascinating association made up of many foundation of communication and they would explain to me when I could brilliant journalists, where I got the understanding across the two countries, Back to China not understand their talk and even asked chance to hear Colin Powell speak. We whose relationship has become one of the I was very glad to see my folks and about my opinions. Those daily talks not even went to vote together on Election most important in the world. friends in China again. Although most of only taught me a lot of professional I joined YLF for the first time in the Day, where I witnessed the whole process them feel I remain the same as before, I knowledge but also exposed me to the fall of 2003, when I had just arrived in of voting. myself know clearly that I have changed American culture. Hong Kong as a reporter for the U.K. Staying with Molly really enriched my to be more mature and independent. newspaper The Financial Times. life experiences and I would never forget Now I realize that the world is so big and Right: Life in Atlanta The group I met has accomplished how sad we were when we had to say I want to see more of it. Now I have a YLFers at the 2004 enough to intimidate anyone, but Family usually is the foundation of goodbye at the airport. We promised each clear idea of what I am going to do in the Forum in front of somehow it felt warm and inclusive. one’s happy life. I was lucky enough to other to stay in close touch and I miss my future so I don’t have any time to waste. I Sedona’s Red Rocks Within an hour with the Young Leaders, I have the nicest host family in Atlanta. I American family a lot! have become even more confident and The National Committee launched the of two years, allowing each YLFer to attend a was comfortably discussing the loss of was so close to them that they have determined so I won’t be afraid of any Young Leaders Forum (YLF) in 2002 as a conference in each country. bone density during space travel with an already become another family of mine. difficulty ahead. ■ way of building professional and personal At the third annual Forum in October, 31 American astronaut, talking about six- bridges between the next generation of leading YLFers convened in Sedona, Arizona. party North Korea talks with a colonel in confirmed that it is a lack of capacity – not citizens from the United States and China. The Alexandra Harney, a second-time participant the PLA, discussing anti-corruption money – that now causes the greatest venue for the annual four-day Forum (and a Hong Kong-based journalist working legislation with a Peking University Dr. David Ho Discusses bottleneck in China’s response to AIDS. alternates between the United States and for The Financial Times) described professor, chatting about the In his keynote address, Dr. Ho, who China, and membership lasts for a minimum the event. development of China’s high-technology heads up the China AIDS Initiative China’s Next Steps in (CAI) as well as the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center that coordinates 2004 Fellows 2003 Fellows Shuttle Endeavour, is currently it, described both his organization’s preparing for his second space shuttle ambitious research agenda and its public Left: Angela Chao is senior vice president at Roger Barnett is the chairman and CEO of flight, scheduled for July 2005. Battling AIDS Foremost Maritime Corporation, a New Shaklee Corporation, a health products education efforts. After discussing the Dr. David D. Ho Stacy Kenworthy is president and CEO of testing, treatment, and care programs in Photo courtesy of York-based shipping company. company based in Pleasanton, CA. The Aaron Diamond Habersham Holdings, a holding Henan, Yunnan, and other affected AIDS Research Center Speaking at a half-day public health This was followed by a panel that Elizabeth Gaffney is a novelist, translator, Roslyn Brock, director of System Fund company focusing on globally provinces set up by CAI, Dr. Ho proudly program focusing on the next steps in included Dr. Linda Distlerath, Vice and editor-at-large. Her first novel, Development for Bon Secours Health diversified investments in the high-tech showed stills from two recent public China’s battle against HIV/AIDS, world- President, Global Health Policy, Merck & Metropolis, was published in March. System, Inc., is the youngest person and and software markets. service announcements that CAI has had renowned scientist David D. Ho, MD, Co., Inc., Mr. Kevin Frost, Vice President, Adam Kaplin is an assistant professor in the first woman ever to be elected vice chair a hand in creating, aimed at reducing the of the NAACP Board of Directors. Li Hong (Audrey) is a law partner in discussed the need to reduce the stigma amfAR, and Mr. Walter Chow, Division of Department of Psychiatry at Johns Concord & Partners’ Shanghai office surrounding the disease in China. HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for stigma of AIDS in China. In one, viewers Hopkins University School of Medicine. Stephan Fowlkes is an award-winning artist where she specializes in international The June 30 conference was co- Disease Control and Prevention. They see former President Bill Clinton shaking Hu Kanping is the founder and editor of residing in New York City. corporate and intellectual property law. sponsored by the National Committee spoke about innovative next steps in the hands with a Chinese AIDS patient; in the other, unveiled during the NBA’s Green China Times, an environmental Gabrielle Giffords, the youngest woman Shao Yibo is the chairman of eBay and the Center for Strategic and fight against AIDS, highlighting some of International Studies (CSIS) and was the models that governments, private exhibition games in China this past fall, newspaper in China. ever elected to the Arizona State Senate, EachNet, China’s most popular online held at New York Life’s corporate companies, and foundations have used in viewers see basketball superstars Yao Jin Luo is a director in the international is also a managing partner at Giffords auction house, which he sold to eBay headquarters. National Committee various parts of the world, and discussed Ming and Magic Johnson playing department of the People’s Bank Capital Management. in 2004. Directors Bates Gill and Stapleton Roy their potential applicability for China. basketball together, embracing, and of China. Alexandra Harney is the Hong Kong-based Weng Ling is director of the Shanghai opened the program with a discussion of With organizations like the Bill and sharing a meal. Dr. Ho hopes that these South China Correspondent for The Tang Haisong is founder and CEO of Gallery of Art at Three-on-the-Bund, a the recommendations that came out of a Melinda Gates Foundation donating ads will change the way ordinary Chinese Financial Times. Etang.com, a Shanghai-based online showcase for contemporary Chinese delegation they led to China earlier in the several million dollars for AIDS work in look at HIV/AIDS. ■ game company. Mark Kelly, a U.S. Navy commander and artists. year for CSIS. YLFers at the 2004 Conference YLFers China these days, one of the panelists NASA astronaut who piloted the Space difficulties. However, everything went so industry with Intel’s former chief Young Leader participates. The diversity had to play the role of Chinese diplomatic smoothly that I could not believe my technology officer for the country, hearing of the group ensures that these sessions advisors, and Chinese YLFers had to play The Rich Experiences of a luck. The internship coordinator in CNN about the latest trends in art from the vary enormously: in the session about the role of American diplomatic advisors. relieved all my anxiety with her warm director of the Shanghai Art Gallery and “Rising Above the Roar: Getting Your In between panels, the National smile and kind words. learning about land use legislation in Message Heard in a Crowded Market- Committee arranged activities that 20 Time Warner Intern I had been placed in the position I had Cambodia from the lawyer that helped place,” for example, the panelists split the brought the forum into contact with its 9 applied for – the newsroom of CNN draft it. group into smaller teams, challenging extraordinary surroundings. The group

International – and was assigned to work These personal exchanges hiked around – and, being NOTES on a weekly show called “Inside Africa.” are a hallmark of the forum. So, young leaders, over – some of It is a marvelous show with a wonderful too, are the more formal the majestic red rocks that team. Different from other news shows, discussions and presentations surround Sedona. I even took it is more like a feature show, telling structured around a particular the opportunity to test the people stories taking place in Africa. theme, which changes each group’s adherence to the theme Thus I got the chance to learn about that year. The latest meeting, held of communication by getting great continent, which is mysterious to at L’Auberge de Sedona, an lost in the trails around Bell me before. It is really an amazing award-winning hotel on the Rock, which some believe is a experience – an Asian girl going to banks of Oak Creek about two “vortex” of spiritual energy. America and working on a show about hours north of Phoenix, focused Fortunately, by speaking to

NOTES Africa. Yes, not until I worked in CNN on communication. other hikers in the area, the International did I realize that the world The topic resonated with Jin group was able to figure out could be so big and diverse. Luo, a director at the People’s where I had run to and picked My supervisor was an experienced Bank of China, the country’s me up in the van. producer, an insightful journalist, and a central bank, and a 2004 YLF As guest speakers with a very nice person. He made careful Fellow. “I was surprised by special expertise in com- arrangements for my internship and was how little these Americans knew about each to devise a plan that would munication, Olympic documentarians always showing his great concern with China,” she told me over the telephone communicate an appropriate message for Bud Greenspan and Nancy Beffa showed Above Left: me. From him I did not only learn a lot from Beijing. “You can imagine for the a health products company that was and talked their way through extra- Team Presentation about journalism but also about life, large population of America, they must trying to sell into China. ordinarily moving video clips that (L to R): Shao Yibo, which is more important. have very little or misleading information Another session led to a debate about illustrated some of the universal themes Elizabeth Gaffney, I closely worked with my two mentors, about China.” But Jin Luo, who goes by the most effective ways to channel aid to embodied by the Games. Already Mark Kelly, and an associate producer and a tape editor. Above Right: The Time Warner Internship Program, journey, which would hopefully be the the name Zanna, says she found the YLF developing countries. And the last working as consultants to the Beijing Tang Haisong Both of them did such a wonderful job developed and administered by the National turning point in my life. As my dad said, group uniquely open to deep discussions session, on the art of diplomacy, split the Olympic Committee, the two reminded (standing) talk about Orientation Field training me that at the end of my Committee for the past seven years, selects “The girl is going to meet the world.” On – to a depth she had not found with her group into teams again, this time to devise the audience that mastering the craft of how technologies, new Trip – Following a internship I had learned to do almost students from Fudan University with an September 7, I waved to my parents and fellow students at the London Business an emergency plan for how the United storytelling, not the latest hi-tech cameras and old, change the taping of WETA’s everything for the show. They patiently interest in journalism and media to boarded the plane heading for America School, where she completed a two-year States and China would hypothetically and equipment, is the key to successful way we communicate. Washington Week showed me every detail of TV production participate in a three-month internship at with a heart filled with expectations and master’s in finance in 2002. respond to an unidentified bomb blast in communication. in Review (WWR), and included me in every procedure of various Time Warner divisions in the United confidence for the future. The theme becomes the starting point Taipei that killed some of the Taiwanese 2004 Time Warner the production of the show, from pulling States. In 2004, students interned at HBO, The National Committee made great for a series of panels, in which every leadership. The trick: American YLFers continued on page 10 interns (L to R) Sun out tapes from the CNN library to finally Fortune, Warner Bros. Studios, Time, and efforts to expose us to as much American Wenyi, Cai Zhuojun, sitting in the control room to see the CNN from September through December. The culture as they could in a relatively short Chen Xin, Dai Weijia, show run. program is wholly underwritten by Time orientation program. We even had some and In-Ha Lei visit What I appreciated most was that, Xu Qiyu, a major in the People’s Guo Xinning, a colonel in the People’s Rui Chenggang, a director, producer, and Warner Inc. once-in-a-lifetime experiences such as the station’s control besides showing me how to do things, my Liberation Army, is a lecturer at the Liberation Army, is associate professor at news anchor for China Central Interns begin with a 14-day orientation visiting the White House and attending a room. Not shown is mentors always gave me opportunities to National Defence University and a the National Defence University and a Television (CCTV), helped launch about American history and culture, followed Senator’s breakfast. We tried our best to try on my own. They believed that the research fellow at its Institute for research fellow at its Institute for China’s first 24-hour news channel. Zhuo Qun, a Time by a ten-week office internship, and conclude absorb what we experienced every day most effective way to learn is just to do it! Strategic Studies. Strategic Studies. Warner intern from with a three-day wrap-up session in and cherished every minute learning Todd Sigaty is founder and executive And having some real work to do did 1998, the program’s Los Angeles. about this new world. Verna Kuo is an investment manager director of Village Focus International, a enable me to master the skills quickly. inaugural year, now The following is excerpted from a longer 2002 Fellows at Stanford Management Company, nonprofit organization that provides The newsroom is like a land of wonder working as a WWR report by Chen Xin (Gillian), a Fudan senior Interning at CNN Fu Jun is professor, deputy dean, and the company that manages Stanford training and capacity building to for me. I am so greedy that I wanted to production assistant. majoring in English who interned at CNN chair of the political economy University’s financial and real estate vulnerable rural and urban communities After the two weeks’ orientation trip, learn everything about it. Therefore, International in Atlanta. department at Peking University’s assets. in Southeast Asia. we were sent to different Time Warner besides working on our show, I used a lot School of Government. divisions for our internship. I felt excited of my spare time learning many other Liu Yadong is managing director for Orlando Wang is managing director in as well as afraid because I knew from then things. Although I was off on Mondays, I Paul Haenle, a major in the U.S. Army, Medley Global Advisors’ Asia Group. Rabobank Nederland’s Shanghai branch on I would have to face everything all went to work almost every Monday to is currently serving as the executive Lu Hongyan, founder of several office. assistant to the National Security Orientation alone in Atlanta. However, I was looking shadow different people in the environmental NGOs, is currently Damian Woetzel is a choreographer and forward to my independent life. I said newsroom. That gave me an idea of how Advisor, Stephen Hadley. project manager for the Institute of principal dancer for the New York City The day finally came to depart for goodbye to my fellow interns and they work and how they are related to Darryll Hendricks is a senior vice president Applied Material Flow Maanagement at Ballet Company. America. I still clearly remember the boarded the plane for Atlanta with an each other, which explained why the of the Federal Reserve Bank of Trier University. Zheng Baohua is director of the Center for non-stop phone calls from my folks the eager heart for the internship. huge TV station could run in order. New York. Philip Reeker is the deputy chief of Community Development Studies, an night before the departure. Suddenly I I will never forget the first day I went Taking previous interns’ advice, I was Jack Hidary is co-founder and managing mission at the American Embassy in organization that promotes sustainable realized that I was going to start a new to CNN. I had expected some courageous enough to talk to everyone in director of Vista Research, Inc., a com- Budapest. development and natural resource pany that he just sold to Standard & Poor’s. management in Yunnan. visits, the Chinese delegation commented on the ethnic diversity of the students and noted that casual interactions between students from different cultural backgrounds must have 10 an impact on their understanding of one 1920 another. NOTES While the primary focus was on NOTES school-related activities, the delegation’s schedule also included meetings and site visits with educational associations, textbook publishers, governmental and non-governmental organizations, and other institutions that help Americans better understand the world beyond our borders.

NOTES Teachers Exchange Program

The ninth year of the Teachers Young Leaders Gather in Sedona, Exchange Program (TEP) has been a continued from page 9 busy one. In August, 10 American K-12 Above Left: language, geography, and social studies visited that develop curriculum pack- But perhaps the most otherworldly was a natural at herding cattle. The real how people live – Biosphere’s focus on teachers were placed in five cities in YLF "City Slickers" courses, and informally in many others ages for educators and provide teacher part of the forum, particularly for the cowboy offered Orlando, whom he called the future of human space travel, and China to teach English and 22 K-12 (L to R): including math, science, art, music, etc.), training and develop standards for members living in China, was the trip to his “Shanghai cowboy,” a job at the ranch. Arcosanti’s response to the problem of Chinese teachers came to eight cities and Above Left: Lu Hongyan, Verna and is often transmitted via outside teaching at the K-12 level, as well as a local working ranch. Here, authentic For some participants, the meetings urban sprawl – reminded him of the two rural areas in the United States to Sixth graders in Kuo, Alex Harney, institutions such as museums, libraries, curriculum supplements in the form of cowboys – belts, boots, and all – helped did not end there. Gabrielle Giffords, the Forum’s efforts to bring two very different teach Chinese. New sites were added in Portland, Oregon, and Angela Chao NGOs, and even non-education-focused CDs and freely accessible web divide the group into smaller teams. Arizona state senator and Young Leader, countries closer together. both countries: two in Hefei (which with artwork made in receive instructions government institutions such as the resources. Town Hall in Los Angeles Then, one by one, they ushered the took those YLFers who were able to “Here we are, two very different heretofore has sent but not received a Chinese culture class Peace Corps. attempts to connect students, particu- from a cowgirl on teams into a pen the size of a soccer field extend their stay to the Grand Canyon for cultures, trying to approach similar Thus the delegation’s schedule in larly those in economically underprivi- teachers) and three in Tulsa. taught by a TEP how to rope a steer. with a pack of cattle and gave them five a fixed-wing flight and hike. From there, topics,” Stephan said. Perspectives from Boston, Washington, D.C., leged neighborhoods, with influential This academic year TEP began an exchange teacher minutes to herd them into a goal. the group continued to Biosphere II, an both sides are “being shared, and as a Denver/Boulder, and Los Angeles was figures in global affairs by inviting interesting experiment. In past years, all Above Right: “Who is that guy?” the chief cowboy experimental living environment, and result, we’re learning the benefits from comprised of a mix of visits to schools them and their teachers to attend lun- TEP teachers from China have been Gabrielle Giffords wanted to know. He had his eye on Wang then to Arcosanti, which calls itself “a one another so we can move ahead more (public and private, large and small); cheons on international affairs and then teachers of English in China; the logic is and Xu Qiyu Yang, better known as Orlando. Turns prototype urban laboratory.” Stephan informed and more well-rounded.” ■ institutions involved in curriculum meet privately with speakers for ques- that they understand the challenges of before their team out, the mild-mannered Shanghai-based Fowlkes, a visual artist from New York development tion-and- teaching a foreign language and would herding event Rabobank Nederland managing director City, said these two varying approaches to and teacher answer ses- not have a language barrier when training; his- sions. And the adjusting to life in the United States. toric sites and The schools that the Peace Corps This year, however, the program accepted two Chinese language teachers from among others, for cartridges, other office supplies...AND museums; and delegation visited provided provides China. It’s an exciting development; if street kids and enough left over for a motor bike, various NGOs excellent examples of how course books successful (which it seems to be so far), it HIV/AIDS something Todd’s local staff could use for that work either American education is able for teachers to will mean that TEP can draw its Chinese education. HIV awareness and legal rights outreach directly or indi- supplement to incorporate diverse cultures teachers from a much broader pool Steve also asked in the villages. Steve also carried two rectly on aspects their lessons, into its curricula. of candidates. whether there was copies of Microsoft Office donated by a of international and has set up One further TEP development: in any-thing he and friend who works for Microsoft. understanding. a pen-pal pro- 2004, as Woodstock Elementary School in Paige could bring, If that weren’t enough, Steve and The group gram in which Portland, Oregon, began hosting its third and Todd re- Paige also lugged over 50 kilograms in was particularly impressed with the a class can correspond with a Peace quested that they crayons, clay, band-aids, antiseptic lotion, range of NGOs involved in this area Corps volunteer to learn about the TEP teacher from Suzhou Experimental look in Singapore and various other things that Paige and how important their work is in sup- country in which the volunteer Primary School (and its fourth from for a used, in- collected from her friends in Singapore. plementing and supporting what is is living. TEP), the two schools decided to expensive laptop, All told, the value of the donations was taught in the schools. Facing History The international schools that the formalize their affiliation by setting up a Beyond the Forum Beyond as well as some arts well over $5,000. Todd’s Khmer staff was and Ourselves (a non-profit organiza- delegation visited in Washington, D.C., Sister School relationship. The program When Steve Okun, a vice president for & crafts and medical supplies -- items in tears when they realized that people tion that creates curriculum packages and Denver, as well as the public schools draws on the fact that Portland and UPS in Singapore, began planning a that are all hard to come by in Cambodia. they had never met would be so giving dealing with the Holocaust and other in Boston and Los Angeles with large Suzhou have been Sister Cities for nearly Right: Flanked by vacation to Cambodia with his wife Paige, Steve thought that Todd and his and supportive. difficult-to-teach subjects), the numbers of immigrant children from two decades. The formal agreement Steve Okun (left) and he contacted fellow YLFer Todd Sigaty program deserved better, so he contacted In a short amount of time, the nature Association of American Geographers, various countries, provided excellent between the schools seeks to expand the Todd Sigaty, VFI about spending some time together. other YLFers to see if they would share and strength of the bond these YLFers the National Geographic Society, and examples of how American schools their exchanges of people, material, and ■ staff member Chhoan Todd is the executive director of Village the cost of a new laptop. Their response have forged with each other is amazing; the Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian incorporate diverse cultures into the strategies in both directions. proudly displays the Focus International (VFI), an NGO that was overwhelming. Suddenly Steve had the intensity of the YLF experience has are just a few of the NGOs the group curriculum. During each of the school new laptop donated operates in Cambodia and other parts of enough money for a new state-of-the-art transformed their relationships into by YLFers. Southeast Asia, establishing programs, laptop…along with a scanner, printer, ink something very rich. ■ several people were in the process of International and Strategic Studies writing proposals that would link their (CFISS). Delegation members were very A Busy Year of schools in some way with one or more of Preventive Defense Project pleased that former Shanghai mayor the institutions the group had visited. Wang Daohan was present to open the Since then, each has set in motion conference and to listen attentively to the 18 Education Exchanges processes for introducing courses on Visits Taipei, Shanghai, concerns and messages the delegation 11 China into their curriculum, increasing relayed. As chairman of ARATS

the number of courses already taught, or NOTES (Association for Relations across the instituting faculty, student, and/or and Beijing Taiwan Strait), Wang has been a senior Education programs always constitute for him it was a voyage into the past as administration exchanges. advisor to Chinese presidents about cross- a significant portion of the Committee's well as the future. Strait issues. He has also been the work, but this was especially the case In Beijing, Xi’an, Lijiang, Kunming, after the SARS epidemic resulted in the and Shanghai, the American participants moving force behind the CFISS-PDP- rescheduling of two Fulbright-Hays met with relevant officials and International Education Delegation National Committee relationship. Summer Seminars from 2003 to 2004. As representatives of academic institutions, to the United States Since 1998, the National Committee Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which hosted The delegation made full use of its a result, the National Committee oversaw government offices, think tanks, and non- has been pleased to work with the the group, arranged an excellent – and one day in Beijing, meeting with Premier five education exchanges supported by governmental organizations (NGOs). A group of 12 Chinese education Preventive Defense Project (PDP), a packed – two-day schedule, highlighted Wen Jiabao, Foreign Minister Li the U.S. Department of Education’s While the focus was on higher education, officials, elementary and secondary school joint program of Stanford and Harvard by a meeting with President Chen Shui- Zhaoxing, Deputy Chief of the PLA bian. The group was briefed by the NOTES International Education Programs seminar participants also had the teachers, and school administrators came Universities, on security issues in General Staff Xiong Guangkai, and Service in 2004. Three of these projects opportunity to observe a wide range of to the United States October 2-15, 2004, Northeast Asia. In late January of this Minister of Defense Lee Chieh, and had Minister of Defense Cao Gangchuan. sent American educators to China; two schools at all levels; engage in discussions to examine how American students are The trip took brought Chinese educators to the United on issues such as education quality and taught about other countries and cultures. place against the States. The Committee also continued cultural preservation; and explore Planning the program took a bit of backdrop of a num- running the Teachers Exchange Program, exchange possibilities. In the time that ingenuity, as international understanding ber of important placing teachers in each country. Below remained, they found time to take in is not taught as a specific subject in this developments: are highlights of some of these programs. some cultural traditions and visit sites of country; rather, as explained to the Taiwan’s December (Information about the other education historical and ethnic importance. delegation members during their first legislative elections exchanges is available on our website.) Follow-up, a requirement of morning in the United States, it had returned an participation, was nearly immediate. permeates many aspects of the classroom Even before the group had left China, and curriculum (world history, foreign opposition majority, likely thwarting pan- Special Fulbright-Hays Summer Green initiatives that would have pro- Seminar to China for Leaders of voked Beijing; Minority Serving Institutions Taipei and Beijing had worked out From June 8 to June 24, 2004, 12 arrangements for chancellors, presidents, vice presidents, direct charter flights and deans of American institutions of Front Row (L to R): Dr. Kurt Campbell, Center for Strategic and International Studies; Dr. Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall, between the island higher education with significant minority Stanford University; Dr. David M. Lampton, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University; Adm. Joseph and the mainland enrollment focused on the challenges Prueher, U.S. Navy (retired); Gen. Xiong Guangkai, People’s Liberation Army; Dr. William Perry, Co-Director, Preventive Defense (the first of which China faces along its path of rapid Project (PDP), Stanford University; Premier Wen Jiabao; Dr. Michael H. Armacost, Stanford University; Dr. Ashton B. Carter, lifted off during the economic growth, globalization, and Co-Director, PDP, Harvard University; Secretary to Premier Wen; Mr. John L. Holden, National Committee on U.S.-China group’s meeting with educational reform. Relations; Amb. Robert D. Blackwill, Barbour Griffith & Rogers International. The Seminar came 30 years after the the deputy director National Committee sent the first Back Row (L to R): Mr. Chen Zhiya, China Foundation for International and Strategic Studies; Ms. Jan Berris, National Committee of the Taiwan Affairs delegation of university and college on U.S.-China Relations; Ms. Deborah Gordon, PDP, Stanford University; Ms. Gretchen Bartlett, PDP, Harvard University; Office of the State presidents to China in November 1974. General Qian Lihua, Ministry of National Defense; Gen. Erik K. Shinseki, U.S. Army (retired). Council); shortly The key difference between the two after the visit, the groups is that the 1974 delegation was year, the eighth such cooperative effort a series of discussions with Speaker of the PRC sent two high level envoys to the made up of presidents from institutions took place: a weeklong series of meetings House Wang Jing-pyng, KMT Party memorial service of Koo Chen-fu, that, for the most part, had East Asian and with senior officials, military leaders, Chairman Lien Chan, People First Party chairman of Taiwan’s Straits Exchange China programs extant while the new academics and businessmen in Taipei, (PFP) Vice Chair Chang Chao-hsiung and Foundation; and China’s Anti- group was made up of institutions that Shanghai and Beijing. The discussions a contingent of the PFP, various Secession Law was set to be passed at were interested in establishing such Dr. Marcia Keizs, Vice President of Academic Affairs at the City University of New York’s Bronx Community focused on the issues of cross-Strait Legislative Yuan members, the head of the upcoming meeting of the National programs, as well as beginning exchange College makes a point to a group of students at the Naxi Autonomous Prefecture Number 1 Middle School. relations, North Korea, and U.S. relations the National Security Council, AIT head People’s Congress. Other developments relationships with various PRC Looking on is Dr. Zaida Vega-Lugo, Vice Chancellor for Outreach at the Universidad Metropolitana in with both the People’s Republic of China Doug Paal, and representatives of the relating to DPRK nuclear weapons, educational institutions. Only two of the Puerto Rico, and Dr. James Renick, Chancellor, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University. and Taiwan. Former U.S. Secretary of American Chamber of Commerce. deteriorating Sino-Japanese relations, 2004 participants had been to China Also participating on the trip were leaders of California State University, San Bernadino; Peralta Defense William J. Perry led the ten- The next stop was Shanghai for a two- and Sino-American trade before, and one of those had not been Community College; Fresno City College; La Sierra University; Gadsden State Community College; member American delegation. day conference organized by the PRC tension added to the rich content of there since 1949, when, at the age of 10, Queensborough Community College; University of Texas Brownsville & Texas Southmost College; Tougaloo The first stop was Taipei, where the host, the China Foundation for these Track II discussions. ■ he left along with his missionary parents; College; and Florida A&M University. we need the FPC and why we should characterized as peaceful. On the Formidable as this challenge will be, right direction as Americans come to a continue to create more programs like contrary, we acquired our territory meeting it successfully is clearly worth more sober understanding of the limits on 2004 Foreign Policy the FPC. through a combination of occupation, the effort. It is difficult to imagine a stable U.S. power. The group exercise is one of my purchase, and wars. and mutually beneficial East Asian In some ways, China faces an even favorite times in the FPC. Basically, we The Chinese, wisely, have set the goal situation in which the United States and more difficult task because it involves two China have a hostile relationship, or in aspects. The first is to rise above the bitter 12 Colloquium: A Participant’s were divided into groups of about 12 of developing peacefully. However, this 17 students. The Colloquium took place model has not yet been successfully which China and Japan fail in their efforts legacy of the last 150 years, during which to overcome the legacy of the past. Chinese nationalism was forged in the before Election Day so each group was implemented in the modern world. I NOTES asked to select a presidential candidate – think it is fair to say that most Chinese Conversely a constructive Sino-U.S. struggle against foreign exploitation and Perspective Mr. Bush or Mr. Kerry – and to use what reject the possibility that they will relationship that contributes to the Japanese imperialism. Over the last 30 we have learned in the FPC to draft a become more assertive and domineering preservation of mutually accommodating years, both China and Japan have made campaign memo for him. It is so amazing as they acquire wealth and power. In and mutually beneficial ties between enormous progress in establishing a more to me to find that the group exercise bears Chinese minds, they wish to become China and Japan could form the basis for beneficial and cooperative bilateral In June 2004, the National Committee and knowledge itself, which can be found in so much resemblance to the actual strong in order to protect themselves a prosperous and peaceful Asia Pacific relationship. However, in the last few the Elliott School of International Affairs at any college textbook. presidential debate. against exploitation by other powers, not region. years, historical frictions have reemerged The George Washington University, with the The FPC and this year’s so they can dominate others. The To sum up, the most daunting task for between China and Japan on a disturbing generous support of The Coca-Cola Company, presidential election have changed Chinese are undoubtedly sincere in this the United States will be to recognize the scale. Because of the U.S. alliance with dangers of being a sole superpower and to Japan, we cannot be a disinterested held the second annual Foreign Policy my view on politics. Compared belief, but the fact remains that as China’s make the adjustments in our thinking and bystander, especially since the United Colloquium (FPC). Jeff Tao, a Ph.D. with engineering, politics can power grows, so will its range of options. NOTES our foreign policy necessary to States attaches such importance to candidate at Polytechnic University in New reach out to many more people and Like the United States, China will be vulnerable to the intoxicating aspects of contemplate a global system in which cooperation with both countries on a wide York, attended the three-day colloquium in have much more direct and power that can manifest themselves in there is room at the table for a stronger range of issues. Washington, D.C. The following remarks are profound impacts on people’s lives. the tendency to inflate aims imprudently and more prosperous China. A necessary The second aspect, as noted earlier, is excerpted from a longer presentation he made Now, I definitely will seriously and to display less sensitivity for the proviso, of course is that China continues for China to remain on guard against the about his experience at the National consider the option of pursuing a interests and concerns of others. to respect the interests of other countries intoxicating aspects of its growing wealth Committee’s annual board meeting in career in public service if I can find At the same time, accom- and power, which can lead to November. the right chance. If you would like to know plishing a peaceful and non- The world will be a better rapidly inflating ambitions and whether there is any complaint destabilizing rise does not place if the United States misjudgments about the potential depend simply on the intentions consequences of particular actions, This past June, the National from us about FPC, the answer is and China can find the wisdom YES! Almost everyone in the and behavior patterns of the however legitimate these may Committee selected 200 Chinese rising power. If other major necessary to maintain appear at the moment. There are graduate students currently studying in powers feel threatened by the cooperative and constructive encouraging signs that Chinese the United States and brought them rise, or are not prepared to bilateral relations as China leaders are conscious of these together in Washington, D.C., to accommodate the interests of the continues on the path dangers and determined to act participate in a half-week colloquium on rising power, their reactions prudently. This augurs well for U.S. foreign policy. The students had could precipitate conflict as of peaceful development. the future. very diverse backgrounds. Some of them easily as the conduct of the Who can doubt that the world were previously officials in the Chinese emerging country. and does not embark on policies that will be a better place if the United States government, and some of them were This is particularly relevant to China make international conflict more likely. If, and China can find the wisdom necessary The lectures let us graduate students majoring in because unlike the United States in the on the other hand, the United States to maintain cooperative and constructive better understand engineering, biotech, etc…just like me. late 19th century, China must share its persists in the goal of maintaining global bilateral relations as China continues on But all of us shared a common interest, how foreign policy is region with other major powers. Thus far, hegemony, then China’s rise will sooner the path of peaceful development? developed. Offline Top: The Honorable that is, to learn in general how American the countries of East Asia have welcomed or later pose a threat to continued U.S. Certainly, this should be an attainable follow-up discussions Samuel R. Berger, foreign policy is shaped and, in particular, China’s rise and benefited from the supremacy, and the outlook for Sino-U.S. goal if both countries keep in mind the then provided us an former National how it will affect the interaction and growing trade and investment ties that relations will be clouded. In my mind, the advice of Shakespeare when he wrote: relationship between China and the opportunity to ex- choice is not a difficult one. There will be “O, it is excellent to have a giant’s Security Advisor, have accompanied China’s rapid United States. In the following change our opinions economic development and emergence enormous benefits for the United States if strength; but it is tyrannous to use it like delivering the 2004 presentation, I will briefly highlight with the speakers and as a major global trading country. Skillful we rely on diplomacy to support the a giant.” FPC keynote address several FPC 2004 activities that I think to raise our concerns. Chinese diplomacy has also eased adjustments in East Asia that inevitably These are the sorts of challenges that are the most interesting or rewarding. In fact, the students regional concerns about an incipient must accompany China’s rise to great Doak Barnett and Mike Oksenberg Bottom: First, we heard some short from New York City China threat. power status, and to promote a stable and would have relished. Both would have FPC participant lectures/seminars given by the experts in even prepared a peti- At the same time, the recent frictions mutually beneficial regional and global recognized the enormity of the task. Both Liu Tong raises the field or from academia. The guest tion for visa policy in Sino-Japanese relations illustrate how balance. Under such circumstances, would have addressed it with confidence a question at this speakers explained the factors that play a reform and submitted difficult it will be to avoid the destructive China’s rise need not be seen as that statesmanship on both sides could year’s colloquium role in determining U.S. foreign policy, it to many speakers rivalries of the past. The test will come threatening. find the right answers. This perspective without trying to convince us of what is after the lectures. over the next two decades as China gains Making this transition in U.S. thinking is as important now as it was then. Both good or bad policy. Before coming to One of the most exciting moments of group agrees that we should extend the more wealth and power at a time when will not be easy, as illustrated by the Doak and Mike demonstrated during FPC 04, I believe every participant had FPC was meeting the Honorable Robert program to one week. Half a week is just Japan is equally determined to resume slowness with which we have thought their lives that such feats of states- already formed his or her own views of McNamara, former U.S. Secretary of TOO short. the status of a normal country that has through the implications of the post Cold manship are possible. If we both honor many issues. These seminars and Defense. The lesson that we learned I would like to use this opportunity to emerged from the shadow of World War period. What is needed, to repeat the their memory and learn from their lectures help us reopen our eyes to look at from him is that having more open and thank all of you who have made FPC War II. The diplomatic challenge will be words of Henry Kissinger, is “concepts example, China, the United States, and many problems from different comprehensive communication always possible. I also would like to express my to see if this process can be managed relevant to the emerging realities.” the world will all be the beneficiaries. ■ perspectives. This approach is much leads to better mutual understanding and wish that FPC continues its success in the peacefully rather than through Developing such concepts will take time, ■ more important than the detailed relationships. In fact, that is exactly why years to come. military conflict. but in my view, the trend is moving in the Rise of China, in international as in domestic affairs. It fewer constraints on use of our power Chinese government officials and the continued from page 15 leads inevitably to the conclusion that because of the absence of a superpower rest of the group continuing on to cope well with the country’s enormously being a “sole superpower” will lead to competitor. We thought this would make Combating Money Laundering Shanghai, where they reprised the increasing purchasing power following abuse of that power if it is not constrained the choices easier. Instead, we are finding highlights of the Dalian workshop in a the appreciation of the yen in the late in some fashion. The euphoria that that confronted with a wider range of in China shorter session with the Shanghai 16 1980s. marked the heady early years of the post options, the decisions become more Financial and Legal Research Institute 13 Not surprisingly, therefore, the United Cold War period caused Americans to difficult because wise choices now re- (SFLRI).

years ahead, just as it has in the past. second half of the 19th century and supremacy. Moreover, this potential found itself in a leadership role in a NOTES Relations Understanding the nature of these trials extending up to the present time. challenge is emerging at a time when globalized world that is not bipolar. can help in being ready for them. Now we are witnessing the third great neither China nor the United States has Moreover, the dangers we face at the Just over a month ago, George W. Bush shift, which is the rise of Asia. This adjusted to their new positions – the moment come less from specific was sworn in as President of the United process began with Japan’s recovery from United States as the sole superpower and countries than from issues such as States for the second time. His new World War II and the successful China as the rising superpower. Let me terrorism and the potential The following text is excerpted from advance the interests of both countries administration is still in the process of development strategies of South Korea, develop these ideas further. proliferation of nuclear weapons. To remarks made by Ambassador J. Stapleton and the world. This is a lasting legacy that formation. It will face some of the most Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. It deal effectively with these issues, we Roy at the inaugural Barnett-Oksenberg will be of immense importance in the daunting challenges to face any U.S. spread to other Southeast Asian countries U.S. Preeminence in the World find that we need to cooperate with Lecture on Sino-American Relations, years ahead. government since our founding as a such as Thailand, Malaysia, and countries such as China and Russia, February 28, 2005, in Shanghai. (For the republic over two centuries ago. We live Indonesia. It is now being led by China, The problem for the United States is whose domestic structures do not fit complete speech, please see our website.) The * * * NOTES in an era of breathtaking change. The but at a higher speed and on a much larger that it has been cast into the role of the the model of mature western event was sponsored by the National experience of the Cold War, which scale. India is not far behind. This world’s sole superpower without a democracies. This in turn enhances Committee on U.S.-China Relations and the shaped U.S. strategic thinking for over enormous rise in the productive capacity consensus, either nationally or within the the contradiction between our ideals Shanghai Association for American Studies, four decades, is no longer relevant. Non- of Asia is beginning to reshape the administration, on how this power should and our interests that has bedeviled in cooperation with the American Chamber of state actors now pose some of the most international landscape in fundamental be used. We now have fewer constraints American foreign policy throughout Commerce. The Barnett-Oksenberg Lecture on dangerous threats to peaceful societies. ways and could become the dominant on use of our power because of the our history. Sino-American Relations received generous Weapons are more destructive than ever feature of this century. support from the U.S. Consulate General in and could pose unimaginable dangers if For obvious reasons, the • The second reason for our Shanghai, ASC Fine Wines, Corning, they fall into the hands of destructive United States and Europe, as the mental unpreparedness is that we Shanghai Industrial Development Company, terrorist elements. Alliances that had leaders of the developed world, No one, least of all the were thrust into the role of the Jade Peak, The Portman Ritz-Carlton, Three- stood the test of time during the are playing close attention to this Chinese themselves, knows world’s sole superpower not by Right: on-the-Bund, and Unison International, Inc. bipolarity of the Cold War are evolving in phenomenon. Like it or not, the what kind of China we can conquest but because of the Ambassador The idea for the lecture series, which we hope ways that undermine old assumptions. rise of Asia will alter the relative expect in the future and how China unraveling of our principal J. Stapleton Roy will become an annual event, came from Mr. New patterns of relationships are positions of the United States will use its new capabilities. opponent, the Soviet Union. This delivering his remarks Paul Liu, a former National Committee emerging. Even the most enlightened and Europe in the world. did not happen at a time of intern who had been a student of Mike in Shanghai. thinkers are having difficulty Moreover, how the United States confrontation between the two Photo courtesy of Oksenberg at the University of Michigan and understanding the significance of these and Europe respond to this superpowers. On the contrary, it Gang of One Photgraphy Doak Barnett at the Johns Hopkins School of changes. momentous shift in the global center of absence of a superpower competitor. occurred during a period of détente, Advanced International Studies. The Now let me offer some comments on Quite understandably, the Bush gravity to Asia could have a profound Some Americans want to use our power when Gorbachev was pursuing Committee was pleased to lend its support to the outlook for U.S.-China relations in the administration is focused for the moment impact on how the rise of Asia unfolds, to perpetuate U.S. supremacy in the policies of glasnost and perestroika this project and delighted that Mrs. Jeanne light of the incredible transformation that on bringing the U.S. intervention in Iraq and whether it is peaceful. This will world. Others want to use it to oust that were opening up the Soviet Union Barnett and Dr. Lois Oksenberg were able to has taken place in China in recent years to a successful conclusion. In the broader remain true whether the European and unfriendly regimes and spread democracy to outside influences as never before. attend. and that could, if the process continues, sweep of history, however, the challenge American responses are similar or and freedom. Still others hope the United In looking back through history I have make China a truly global superpower of terrorism will prove to be of lesser different. However, the degree of States will use its power wisely to been unable to identify a comparable within a few decades. This transformation significance than the stunning surge of parallelism in our responses will strengthen international cooperation and case where the dominant country is symbolized by the changing face of Chinese economic growth over the last determine whether the rise of Asia, and to foster a more fair and just global achieved its position not through It is a special privilege to have this Shanghai, which is now barely two decades. This burgeoning growth is of China in particular, strengthens system. conquest but because of the opportunity to return to Shanghai to give recognizable as the city where I was a forcing governments throughout the common interests between Europe and Fifteen years after the disintegration dissolution of its principal adversary. a talk in honor of the memory of Doak ninth grade high school student when the world to consider what sort of country a the United States or accentuates our of the Soviet Union, the United States Barnett and Michel Oksenberg. People’s Liberation Army marched in at stronger and more prosperous China will differences. The stakes, therefore, are has still not come to grips with the In other words, we have been cast into Professors Barnett and Oksenberg were the end of May in 1949, nearly 56 years be. Even as the United States struggles to enormous. If the rise of China causes the question of how to adapt its foreign policy a role that we were not consciously two close personal friends, two of ago. The next 20 years were dark ones in shape developments in the Middle East, United States and Europe to drift further to its new role in the world. With his usual seeking. Experience suggests that America’s finest China scholars, and two the history of U.S.-China relations. it is worth remembering that Iraq under apart, while at the same time driving prescience, Dr. Kissinger addressed this sudden accretions of power or money can far-sighted individuals whose energy and Thirty-five years ago, when Saddam Hussein was a failed state, Japan and the United States closer problem a few years ago in his book Does lead to erratic behavior. We all know the vision had a profound influence on the possibilities first began to emerge for isolated and without friends. China, in together, the impact on both the global America Need a Foreign Policy? In it, he stories of people who win lotteries and development of U.S.-China relations. moving beyond this period of bitter contrast, is succeeding at breathtaking and regional balance will be profound. noted that “In the face of the most soon lose not only the money, but their I want to pay special tribute to their enmity between China and the United speed. There can be no doubt that China’s profound and widespread upheavals the jobs, their spouses, and their self- role in training and inspiring a generation States, even Professors Barnett and It is no exaggeration to state that China rise is directly linked to the outlook for world has ever seen, [the United States] discipline as well. The fall of the Shah of of students and scholars, some of whom Oksenberg, with all their powers of is likely to present the United States with U.S.-China relations in a variety of ways. has failed to develop concepts relevant to Iran was directly linked to the influx of oil are here today, who were infected by their discernment, would have had difficulty its preeminent foreign policy challenge in Never before in history has a country the emerging realities.” This is as true wealth after the 1973 war that corrupted love of China and their belief that the foreseeing the present situation in China the twenty-first century. The editor of risen as rapidly as China is now doing. today as when Dr. Kissinger wrote his the regime from within. Even a highly United States and China can, through and the current state of U.S.-China Newsweek International, Fareed Zakaria, Never before in history has a rise of this book. disciplined society like Japan did not patient efforts, work out their problems, relations. Both are far better than even observed in the Washington Post a few magnitude occurred at a time when the This is not due to any deficiency in the contribute to the common good, and the wildest optimist would have thought months ago that there have been two disparity in military strength between the intellectual capacities of the American continued on page 16 great shifts in the international balance of dominant country and the rest of the people. It rather stems from two power in the last 500 years. The first was world is as great as it is today. This means intertwined considerations. the rise of Europe, which became the that China’s rise will not only impact on richest, most dynamic, and most the regional balance of power. Even more • First, the historical experience of the expansionist part of the world between important, it makes China the one United States has not prepared the 17th and 19th centuries. The second country in the world that has the potential Americans for the situation we face. 15 was the rise of the United States in the to pose a fundamental challenge to U.S. Never before has the United States

second half of the 19th century and supremacy. Moreover, this potential found itself in a leadership role in a NOTES extending up to the present time. challenge is emerging at a time when globalized world that is not bipolar. Now we are witnessing the third great neither China nor the United States has Moreover, the dangers we face at the shift, which is the rise of Asia. This adjusted to their new positions – the moment come less from specific process began with Japan’s recovery from United States as the sole superpower and countries than from issues such as World War II and the successful China as the rising superpower. Let me terrorism and the potential development strategies of South Korea, develop these ideas further. proliferation of nuclear weapons. To Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. It deal effectively with these issues, we spread to other Southeast Asian countries U.S. Preeminence in the World find that we need to cooperate with such as Thailand, Malaysia, and countries such as China and Russia, Indonesia. It is now being led by China, The problem for the United States is whose domestic structures do not fit but at a higher speed and on a much larger that it has been cast into the role of the the model of mature western scale. India is not far behind. This world’s sole superpower without a democracies. This in turn enhances enormous rise in the productive capacity consensus, either nationally or within the the contradiction between our ideals of Asia is beginning to reshape the administration, on how this power should and our interests that has bedeviled international landscape in fundamental be used. We now have fewer constraints American foreign policy throughout ways and could become the dominant on use of our power because of the our history. feature of this century. For obvious reasons, the • The second reason for our men- United States and Europe, as the tal unpreparedness is that we leaders of the developed world, No one, least of all the were thrust into the role of the are playing close attention to this Chinese themselves, knows world’s sole superpower not by phenomenon. Like it or not, the what kind of China we can conquest but because of the rise of Asia will alter the relative expect in the future and how China unraveling of our principal positions of the United States will use its new capabilities. opponent, the Soviet Union. This and Europe in the world. did not happen at a time of Moreover, how the United States confrontation between the two and Europe respond to this superpowers. On the contrary, it momentous shift in the global center of absence of a superpower competitor. occurred during a period of détente, gravity to Asia could have a profound Some Americans want to use our power when Gorbachev was pursuing impact on how the rise of Asia unfolds, to perpetuate U.S. supremacy in the policies of glasnost and perestroika and whether it is peaceful. This will world. Others want to use it to oust that were opening up the Soviet Union remain true whether the European and unfriendly regimes and spread democracy to outside influences as never before. American responses are similar or and freedom. Still others hope the United In looking back through history I have different. However, the degree of States will use its power wisely to been unable to identify a comparable parallelism in our responses will strengthen international cooperation and case where the dominant country determine whether the rise of Asia, and to foster a more fair and just global achieved its position not through of China in particular, strengthens system. conquest but because of the dis- common interests between Europe and Fifteen years after the disintegration solution of its principal adversary. the United States or accentuates our of the Soviet Union, the United States differences. The stakes, therefore, are has still not come to grips with the In other words, we have been cast into enormous. If the rise of China causes the question of how to adapt its foreign policy a role that we were not consciously United States and Europe to drift further to its new role in the world. With his usual seeking. Experience suggests that apart, while at the same time driving prescience, Dr. Kissinger addressed this sudden accretions of power or money can Japan and the United States closer problem a few years ago in his book Does lead to erratic behavior. We all know the together, the impact on both the global America Need a Foreign Policy? In it, he stories of people who win lotteries and and regional balance will be profound. noted that “In the face of the most soon lose not only the money, but their There can be no doubt that China’s profound and widespread upheavals the jobs, their spouses, and their self- rise is directly linked to the outlook for world has ever seen, [the United States] discipline as well. The fall of the Shah of U.S.-China relations in a variety of ways. has failed to develop concepts relevant to Iran was directly linked to the influx of oil Never before in history has a country the emerging realities.” This is as true wealth after the 1973 war that corrupted risen as rapidly as China is now doing. today as when Dr. Kissinger wrote his the regime from within. Even a highly Never before in history has a rise of this book. disciplined society like Japan did not magnitude occurred at a time when the This is not due to any deficiency in the disparity in military strength between the intellectual capacities of the American continued on page 16 Rise of China, in international as in domestic affairs. It fewer constraints on use of our power Chinese government officials and the continued from page 15 leads inevitably to the conclusion that because of the absence of a superpower rest of the group continuing on to cope well with the country’s enormously being a “sole superpower” will lead to competitor. We thought this would make Combating Money Laundering Shanghai, where they reprised the increasing purchasing power following abuse of that power if it is not constrained the choices easier. Instead, we are finding highlights of the Dalian workshop in a the appreciation of the yen in the late in some fashion. The euphoria that that confronted with a wider range of in China shorter session with the Shanghai 16 1980s. marked the heady early years of the post options, the decisions become more Financial and Legal Research Institute 13 Not surprisingly, therefore, the United Cold War period caused Americans to difficult because wise choices now re- (SFLRI).

States is having difficulty determining ignore these concepts and assume that we quire a measure of self-restraint that is About 40 members of SFLRI took NOTES how we should use the sudden relative would only use our power for good. difficult to achieve under the best of part in the seminar, which focused on increase in our power caused by the That is still the American preference, circumstances. Committee’s project sends team to Beijing, the links between corruption and collapse of our superpower competitor. but reality is beginning to seep in as we money laundering and on AML We reject the concept of “empire” as rediscover the age-old principle that ends Implications of China’s Rise Dalian, and Shanghai to help strengthen China’s programs in the commercial banking applying to us, but in much of the world in themselves cannot justify the means anti-money laundering regime and securities industries. Perhaps we are perceived as peremptory and used to pursue them. Increasingly, I Just as the United States is struggling reflecting the variety of professions domineering – imperial in fact. This cast believe, the United States will be forced to adjust its policies to a role in the post Economic growth and change are offices throughout the country. The represented in the audience (financial of mind was reflected in the Bush to give more thought to the question of Cold War world for which it is mentally presenting new challenges for China’s program included presentations on the industry professionals, members of the administration’s National Security how to strengthen a cooperative global unprepared, China, too, is rapidly policy-makers. With the support of the components of an effective AML judiciary, and law practitioners), a good Strategy statement issued in September system that will serve the interests of attaining a new and unfamiliar status in U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of strategy, the establishment of a portion of the discussion focused on global affairs. Chinese have no Educational and Cultural Affairs, the financial intelligence unit, and the NOTES 2002, which proclaimed the goal of many countries and that can, in the no coordination of the multiple agencies maintaining forces “strong enough to longer bi-polar post Cold War era, help to experience in the modern era of enjoying National Committee developed topics of asset forfeiture, the role of and organizations that play a role in dissuade potential adversaries from curb any exuberant tendencies for the wealth and power that they are exchange programs to address two of commercial banks, bank supervision, AML regimes. pursuing a military build-up in hopes of injudicious use of our power. rapidly acquiring. The world now is very these challenges: how to institute an regulatory oversight of the securities Briefings in Beijing and Shanghai surpassing, or equaling, the power of the This is in our own interest, since if we different from earlier periods when China effective anti-money laundering and insurance industries, and training gave the delegation members a better United States.” are seen as using our power prudently, was truly the central kingdom in Asia. As regime and how to mitigate needs. The generous amount of time understanding of the forces shaping In my view, this is a passing a result, no one, least of all the unemployment through worker allowed for discussion enabled China’s economy and its financial phase for two reasons: Chinese themselves, knows what training/retraining programs. The first delegation members to contribute their sector. These included a discussion kind of China we can expect in of these two programs is described perspectives throughout the program, with PBOC officials on the steps China • First, U.S. resources are not Hypothetically, it should be the future and how China will use below. (Information has taken to date in sufficient to maintain a possible for new powers its new capabilities. about the Worker dealing with money hegemonic position in the to emerge in a manner History provides clear Training/Retraining laundering and on world. Trying to do so will that is both peaceful and warnings that rising powers tend Delegation is avail- potential next steps in to destabilize their regions and Following September 11, American officials result in imperial overstretch, non-destabilizing. able on our website.) the exchange of ideas in that is, in a situation where our potentially even the global Following Sep- began giving renewed attention the AML field; a resources are insufficient to balance. This was certainly the tember 11, American to anti-money laundering regimes roundtable program with support our goals. We are case for Germany and Japan at officials began giving throughout the world in order Cheng Wenhao – a the end of the 19th century. The Chinese renewed attention to discovering this the hard way in Iraq, other countries will be more comfortable to detect and thwart the financing member of the National where the mounting costs of the war with our role in the world. As James have recognized the potential dangers anti-money laun- Committee’s Young and our growing budget deficit are Madison put it over two centuries ago, that a rising power can create and have dering (AML) re- of terrorist organizations. Leaders Forum – and his making Americans more conscious of “independently of the merits of any advanced concepts such as “peaceful gimes throughout the colleagues at Tsinghua the limits on our resources and our particular plan or measure, it is desirable rise” or “peaceful development” to world in order to University’s Anti- capabilities. Our resources are that it should appear to other countries as demonstrate that China intends to avoid detect and thwart the Corruption Research enormous, but they are not of an order the offspring of a wise and honorable the mistakes made by other rising powers, financing of terrorist organizations. As and also provided a lively illustration of Center; and a wrap-up session with that gives us the luxury of avoiding policy.” That is as good advice today as it particularly Japan. While these concepts China had demonstrated a willingness the debates that take place within the economists at the Shanghai Academy hard choices between guns and butter, was then. are controversial within China, their to cooperate with the United States on United States about the best way to of Social Sciences on how AML issues between international and domestic Conversely, if we are widely perceived formulation is a positive sign that at least the anti-terrorism front, and was taking implement an AML framework or fit into the broader context of China’s objectives, and between unilateralism as relying on our power to pursue some Chinese are conscious of the first steps toward developing a full- conduct an investigation. financial system development. and a cooperative approach that not narrowly defined national interests at the historical precedents and recognize the fledged AML regime, the National The audience of about 60 PBOC Members of the delegation were only shares the burden but entails expense of other countries, this will pitfalls ahead. Committee combined forces with the staff, with backgrounds in law, finance, James Currie, Federal Reserve Bank of striking a balance between our hasten the emergence of countervailing The question is whether this will be U.S. Department of the Treasury to accounting, and foreign languages, New York; William Gilligan, Treasury interests and the interests of others. checks, a process that is already sufficient. Hypothetically, it should be send a team to China for AML training demonstrated substantial interest in Department; David Hsu, Citigroup; underway. These checks, over time, possible for new powers to emerge in a programs. The delegation applied its the “nuts and bolts” of AML. Mari Maloney, American International • Second, sooner or later, Americans will could take the form of coalitions or manner that is both peaceful and non- collective expertise – in regulation, law Participants frequently raised Group (AIG); Rena Miller, Treasury rediscover the political principles that alliances against the United States that destabilizing. In the case of the United enforcement and commercial banking, questions about how to determine the Department; Peter Nunez, law underlie our system of government, would produce a tenser and more States, for example, we Americans do not as well as in AML policies for the level of penalty to be assessed, enforcement consultant; Richard which is founded on the premise that dangerous international situation. History think of our rise during the late 19th securities and insurance industries – to requested a brief risk-rating exercise Seaman, Treasury Department; Alan power is dangerous and corrupting and would be in danger of repeating itself. century as destabilizing. In part, this is policy discussions and training during the wrap-up session and Sorcher, Securities Industries that unchecked power in the hands of In other words, American foreign because earlier we had already workshops in Beijing, Dalian, and responded enthusiastically to examples Association; Anne Vitale, banking government will inevitably lead to policy will be more effective to the extent established our position as the dominant Shanghai, July 16-27. drawn from actual AML cases. consultant; and Anne Wallwork, improper use of that power. that it is based on common interests and power in the Western Hemisphere, The core of the trip was a three-day After the Dalian workshop, the Treasury Department. Supplemental succeeds in integrating our goals with a thanks to the protection provided by the training workshop in Dalian for AML delegation split in two, with the U.S. support was provided by the Treasury The concept that power needs to be realistic understanding of the constraints British fleet. At the same time, the rise of staff from the People’s Bank of China government representatives returning Department, AIG, and Citigroup. ■ checked and balanced is just as relevant on what we can accomplish. We now have the United States can hardly be (PBOC) headquarters and branch to Beijing for further discussions with we need the FPC and why we should characterized as peaceful. On the Formidable as this challenge will be, right direction as Americans come to a continue to create more programs like contrary, we acquired our territory meeting it successfully is clearly worth more sober understanding of the limits on 2004 Foreign Policy the FPC. through a combination of occupation, the effort. It is difficult to imagine a stable U.S. power. The group exercise is one of my purchase, and wars. and mutually beneficial East Asian In some ways, China faces an even favorite times in the FPC. Basically, we The Chinese, wisely, have set the goal situation in which the United States and more difficult task because it involves two China have a hostile relationship, or in aspects. The first is to rise above the bitter 12 Colloquium: A Participant’s were divided into groups of about 12 of developing peacefully. However, this 17 students. The Colloquium took place model has not yet been successfully which China and Japan fail in their efforts legacy of the last 150 years, during which to overcome the legacy of the past. Chinese nationalism was forged in the before Election Day so each group was implemented in the modern world. I NOTES asked to select a presidential candidate – think it is fair to say that most Chinese Conversely a constructive Sino-U.S. struggle against foreign exploitation and Perspective Mr. Bush or Mr. Kerry – and to use what reject the possibility that they will relationship that contributes to the Japanese imperialism. Over the last 30 we have learned in the FPC to draft a become more assertive and domineering preservation of mutually accommodating years, both China and Japan have made campaign memo for him. It is so amazing as they acquire wealth and power. In and mutually beneficial ties between enormous progress in establishing a more to me to find that the group exercise bears Chinese minds, they wish to become China and Japan could form the basis for beneficial and cooperative bilateral In June 2004, the National Committee and knowledge itself, which can be found in so much resemblance to the actual strong in order to protect themselves a prosperous and peaceful Asia Pacific relationship. However, in the last few the Elliott School of International Affairs at any college textbook. presidential debate. against exploitation by other powers, not region. years, historical frictions have reemerged The George Washington University, with the The FPC and this year’s so they can dominate others. The To sum up, the most daunting task for between China and Japan on a disturbing generous support of The Coca-Cola Company, presidential election have changed Chinese are undoubtedly sincere in this the United States will be to recognize the scale. Because of the U.S. alliance with dangers of being a sole superpower and to Japan, we cannot be a disinterested held the second annual Foreign Policy my view on politics. Compared belief, but the fact remains that as China’s make the adjustments in our thinking and bystander, especially since the United Colloquium (FPC). Jeff Tao, a Ph.D. with engineering, politics can power grows, so will its range of options. NOTES our foreign policy necessary to States attaches such importance to candidate at Polytechnic University in New reach out to many more people and Like the United States, China will be vulnerable to the intoxicating aspects of contemplate a global system in which cooperation with both countries on a wide York, attended the three-day colloquium in have much more direct and power that can manifest themselves in there is room at the table for a stronger range of issues. Washington, D.C. The following remarks are profound impacts on people’s lives. the tendency to inflate aims imprudently and more prosperous China. A necessary The second aspect, as noted earlier, is excerpted from a longer presentation he made Now, I definitely will seriously and to display less sensitivity for the proviso, of course is that China continues for China to remain on guard against the about his experience at the National consider the option of pursuing a interests and concerns of others. to respect the interests of other countries intoxicating aspects of its growing wealth Committee’s annual board meeting in career in public service if I can find At the same time, accom- and power, which can lead to November. the right chance. If you would like to know plishing a peaceful and non- The world will be a better rapidly inflating ambitions and whether there is any complaint destabilizing rise does not place if the United States misjudgments about the potential depend simply on the intentions consequences of particular actions, This past June, the National from us about FPC, the answer is and China can find the wisdom YES! Almost everyone in the and behavior patterns of the however legitimate these may Committee selected 200 Chinese rising power. If other major necessary to maintain appear at the moment. There are graduate students currently studying in powers feel threatened by the cooperative and constructive encouraging signs that Chinese the United States and brought them rise, or are not prepared to bilateral relations as China leaders are conscious of these together in Washington, D.C., to accommodate the interests of the continues on the path dangers and determined to act participate in a half-week colloquium on rising power, their reactions prudently. This augurs well for U.S. foreign policy. The students had could precipitate conflict as of peaceful development. the future. very diverse backgrounds. Some of them easily as the conduct of the Who can doubt that the world were previously officials in the Chinese emerging country. and does not embark on policies that will be a better place if the United States government, and some of them were This is particularly relevant to China make international conflict more likely. If, and China can find the wisdom necessary The lectures let us graduate students majoring in because unlike the United States in the on the other hand, the United States to maintain cooperative and constructive better understand engineering, biotech, etc…just like me. late 19th century, China must share its persists in the goal of maintaining global bilateral relations as China continues on But all of us shared a common interest, how foreign policy is region with other major powers. Thus far, hegemony, then China’s rise will sooner the path of peaceful development? developed. Offline Top: The Honorable that is, to learn in general how American the countries of East Asia have welcomed or later pose a threat to continued U.S. Certainly, this should be an attainable follow-up discussions Samuel R. Berger, foreign policy is shaped and, in particular, China’s rise and benefited from the supremacy, and the outlook for Sino-U.S. goal if both countries keep in mind the then provided us an former National how it will affect the interaction and growing trade and investment ties that relations will be clouded. In my mind, the advice of Shakespeare when he wrote: relationship between China and the opportunity to ex- choice is not a difficult one. There will be “O, it is excellent to have a giant’s Security Advisor, have accompanied China’s rapid United States. In the following change our opinions economic development and emergence enormous benefits for the United States if strength; but it is tyrannous to use it like delivering the 2004 presentation, I will briefly highlight with the speakers and as a major global trading country. Skillful we rely on diplomacy to support the a giant.” FPC keynote address several FPC 2004 activities that I think to raise our concerns. Chinese diplomacy has also eased adjustments in East Asia that inevitably These are the sorts of challenges that are the most interesting or rewarding. In fact, the students regional concerns about an incipient must accompany China’s rise to great Doak Barnett and Mike Oksenberg Bottom: First, we heard some short from New York City China threat. power status, and to promote a stable and would have relished. Both would have FPC participant lectures/seminars given by the experts in even prepared a peti- At the same time, the recent frictions mutually beneficial regional and global recognized the enormity of the task. Both Liu Tong raises the field or from academia. The guest tion for visa policy in Sino-Japanese relations illustrate how balance. Under such circumstances, would have addressed it with confidence a question at this speakers explained the factors that play a reform and submitted difficult it will be to avoid the destructive China’s rise need not be seen as that statesmanship on both sides could year’s colloquium role in determining U.S. foreign policy, it to many speakers rivalries of the past. The test will come threatening. find the right answers. This perspective without trying to convince us of what is after the lectures. over the next two decades as China gains Making this transition in U.S. thinking is as important now as it was then. Both good or bad policy. Before coming to One of the most exciting moments of group agrees that we should extend the more wealth and power at a time when will not be easy, as illustrated by the Doak and Mike demonstrated during FPC 04, I believe every participant had FPC was meeting the Honorable Robert program to one week. Half a week is just Japan is equally determined to resume slowness with which we have thought their lives that such feats of states- already formed his or her own views of McNamara, former U.S. Secretary of TOO short. the status of a normal country that has through the implications of the post Cold manship are possible. If we both honor many issues. These seminars and Defense. The lesson that we learned I would like to use this opportunity to emerged from the shadow of World War period. What is needed, to repeat the their memory and learn from their lectures help us reopen our eyes to look at from him is that having more open and thank all of you who have made FPC War II. The diplomatic challenge will be words of Henry Kissinger, is “concepts example, China, the United States, and many problems from different comprehensive communication always possible. I also would like to express my to see if this process can be managed relevant to the emerging realities.” the world will all be the beneficiaries. ■ perspectives. This approach is much leads to better mutual understanding and wish that FPC continues its success in the peacefully rather than through Developing such concepts will take time, ■ more important than the detailed relationships. In fact, that is exactly why years to come. military conflict. but in my view, the trend is moving in the several people were in the process of International and Strategic Studies writing proposals that would link their (CFISS). Delegation members were very A Busy Year of schools in some way with one or more of Preventive Defense Project pleased that former Shanghai mayor the institutions the group had visited. Wang Daohan was present to open the Since then, each has set in motion conference and to listen attentively to the 18 Education Exchanges processes for introducing courses on Visits Taipei, Shanghai, concerns and messages the delegation 11 China into their curriculum, increasing relayed. As chairman of ARATS

NOTES Teachers Exchange Program

The ninth year of the Teachers Young Leaders Gather in Sedona, Exchange Program (TEP) has been a continued from page 9 busy one. In August, 10 American K-12 Above Left: language, geography, and social studies visited that develop curriculum pack- But perhaps the most otherworldly was a natural at herding cattle. The real how people live – Biosphere’s focus on teachers were placed in five cities in YLF "City Slickers" courses, and informally in many others ages for educators and provide teacher part of the forum, particularly for the cowboy offered Orlando, whom he called the future of human space travel, and China to teach English and 22 K-12 (L to R): including math, science, art, music, etc.), training and develop standards for members living in China, was the trip to his “Shanghai cowboy,” a job at the ranch. Arcosanti’s response to the problem of Chinese teachers came to eight cities and Above Left: Lu Hongyan, Verna and is often transmitted via outside teaching at the K-12 level, as well as a local working ranch. Here, authentic For some participants, the meetings urban sprawl – reminded him of the two rural areas in the United States to Sixth graders in Kuo, Alex Harney, institutions such as museums, libraries, curriculum supplements in the form of cowboys – belts, boots, and all – helped did not end there. Gabrielle Giffords, the Forum’s efforts to bring two very different teach Chinese. New sites were added in Portland, Oregon, and Angela Chao NGOs, and even non-education-focused CDs and freely accessible web divide the group into smaller teams. Arizona state senator and Young Leader, countries closer together. both countries: two in Hefei (which with artwork made in receive instructions government institutions such as the resources. Town Hall in Los Angeles Then, one by one, they ushered the took those YLFers who were able to “Here we are, two very different heretofore has sent but not received a Chinese culture class Peace Corps. attempts to connect students, particu- from a cowgirl on teams into a pen the size of a soccer field extend their stay to the Grand Canyon for cultures, trying to approach similar Thus the delegation’s schedule in larly those in economically underprivi- teachers) and three in Tulsa. taught by a TEP how to rope a steer. with a pack of cattle and gave them five a fixed-wing flight and hike. From there, topics,” Stephan said. Perspectives from Boston, Washington, D.C., leged neighborhoods, with influential This academic year TEP began an exchange teacher minutes to herd them into a goal. the group continued to Biosphere II, an both sides are “being shared, and as a Denver/Boulder, and Los Angeles was figures in global affairs by inviting interesting experiment. In past years, all Above Right: “Who is that guy?” the chief cowboy experimental living environment, and result, we’re learning the benefits from comprised of a mix of visits to schools them and their teachers to attend lun- TEP teachers from China have been Gabrielle Giffords wanted to know. He had his eye on Wang then to Arcosanti, which calls itself “a one another so we can move ahead more (public and private, large and small); cheons on international affairs and then teachers of English in China; the logic is and Xu Qiyu Yang, better known as Orlando. Turns prototype urban laboratory.” Stephan informed and more well-rounded.” ■ institutions involved in curriculum meet privately with speakers for ques- that they understand the challenges of before their team out, the mild-mannered Shanghai-based Fowlkes, a visual artist from New York development tion-and- teaching a foreign language and would herding event Rabobank Nederland managing director City, said these two varying approaches to and teacher answer ses- not have a language barrier when training; his- sions. And the adjusting to life in the United States. toric sites and The schools that the Peace Corps This year, however, the program accepted two Chinese language teachers from among others, for cartridges, other office supplies...AND museums; and delegation visited provided provides China. It’s an exciting development; if street kids and enough left over for a motor bike, various NGOs excellent examples of how course books successful (which it seems to be so far), it HIV/AIDS something Todd’s local staff could use for that work either American education is able for teachers to will mean that TEP can draw its Chinese education. HIV awareness and legal rights outreach directly or indi- supplement to incorporate diverse cultures teachers from a much broader pool Steve also asked in the villages. Steve also carried two rectly on aspects their lessons, into its curricula. of candidates. whether there was copies of Microsoft Office donated by a of international and has set up One further TEP development: in any-thing he and friend who works for Microsoft. understanding. a pen-pal pro- 2004, as Woodstock Elementary School in Paige could bring, If that weren’t enough, Steve and The group gram in which Portland, Oregon, began hosting its third and Todd re- Paige also lugged over 50 kilograms in was particularly impressed with the a class can correspond with a Peace quested that they crayons, clay, band-aids, antiseptic lotion, range of NGOs involved in this area Corps volunteer to learn about the TEP teacher from Suzhou Experimental look in Singapore and various other things that Paige and how important their work is in sup- country in which the volunteer Primary School (and its fourth from for a used, in- collected from her friends in Singapore. plementing and supporting what is is living. TEP), the two schools decided to expensive laptop, All told, the value of the donations was taught in the schools. Facing History The international schools that the formalize their affiliation by setting up a Beyond the Forum Beyond as well as some arts well over $5,000. Todd’s Khmer staff was and Ourselves (a non-profit organiza- delegation visited in Washington, D.C., Sister School relationship. The program When Steve Okun, a vice president for & crafts and medical supplies -- items in tears when they realized that people tion that creates curriculum packages and Denver, as well as the public schools draws on the fact that Portland and UPS in Singapore, began planning a that are all hard to come by in Cambodia. they had never met would be so giving dealing with the Holocaust and other in Boston and Los Angeles with large Suzhou have been Sister Cities for nearly Right: Flanked by vacation to Cambodia with his wife Paige, Steve thought that Todd and his and supportive. difficult-to-teach subjects), the numbers of immigrant children from two decades. The formal agreement Steve Okun (left) and he contacted fellow YLFer Todd Sigaty program deserved better, so he contacted In a short amount of time, the nature Association of American Geographers, various countries, provided excellent between the schools seeks to expand the Todd Sigaty, VFI about spending some time together. other YLFers to see if they would share and strength of the bond these YLFers the National Geographic Society, and examples of how American schools their exchanges of people, material, and ■ staff member Chhoan Todd is the executive director of Village the cost of a new laptop. Their response have forged with each other is amazing; the Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian incorporate diverse cultures into the strategies in both directions. proudly displays the Focus International (VFI), an NGO that was overwhelming. Suddenly Steve had the intensity of the YLF experience has are just a few of the NGOs the group curriculum. During each of the school new laptop donated operates in Cambodia and other parts of enough money for a new state-of-the-art transformed their relationships into by YLFers. Southeast Asia, establishing programs, laptop…along with a scanner, printer, ink something very rich. ■ difficulties. However, everything went so industry with Intel’s former chief Young Leader participates. The diversity had to play the role of Chinese diplomatic smoothly that I could not believe my technology officer for the country, hearing of the group ensures that these sessions advisors, and Chinese YLFers had to play The Rich Experiences of a luck. The internship coordinator in CNN about the latest trends in art from the vary enormously: in the session about the role of American diplomatic advisors. relieved all my anxiety with her warm director of the Shanghai Art Gallery and “Rising Above the Roar: Getting Your In between panels, the National smile and kind words. learning about land use legislation in Message Heard in a Crowded Market- Committee arranged activities that 20 Time Warner Intern I had been placed in the position I had Cambodia from the lawyer that helped place,” for example, the panelists split the brought the forum into contact with its 9 applied for – the newsroom of CNN draft it. group into smaller teams, challenging extraordinary surroundings. The group

NOTES Africa. Yes, not until I worked in CNN on communication. other hikers in the area, the International did I realize that the world The topic resonated with Jin group was able to figure out could be so big and diverse. Luo, a director at the People’s where I had run to and picked My supervisor was an experienced Bank of China, the country’s me up in the van. producer, an insightful journalist, and a central bank, and a 2004 YLF As guest speakers with a very nice person. He made careful Fellow. “I was surprised by special expertise in com- arrangements for my internship and was how little these Americans knew about each to devise a plan that would munication, Olympic documentarians always showing his great concern with China,” she told me over the telephone communicate an appropriate message for Bud Greenspan and Nancy Beffa showed Above Left: me. From him I did not only learn a lot from Beijing. “You can imagine for the a health products company that was and talked their way through extra- Team Presentation about journalism but also about life, large population of America, they must trying to sell into China. ordinarily moving video clips that (L to R): Shao Yibo, which is more important. have very little or misleading information Another session led to a debate about illustrated some of the universal themes Elizabeth Gaffney, I closely worked with my two mentors, about China.” But Jin Luo, who goes by the most effective ways to channel aid to embodied by the Games. Already Mark Kelly, and an associate producer and a tape editor. Above Right: The Time Warner Internship Program, journey, which would hopefully be the the name Zanna, says she found the YLF developing countries. And the last working as consultants to the Beijing Tang Haisong Both of them did such a wonderful job developed and administered by the National turning point in my life. As my dad said, group uniquely open to deep discussions session, on the art of diplomacy, split the Olympic Committee, the two reminded (standing) talk about Orientation Field training me that at the end of my Committee for the past seven years, selects “The girl is going to meet the world.” On – to a depth she had not found with her group into teams again, this time to devise the audience that mastering the craft of how technologies, new Trip – Following a internship I had learned to do almost students from Fudan University with an September 7, I waved to my parents and fellow students at the London Business an emergency plan for how the United storytelling, not the latest hi-tech cameras and old, change the taping of WETA’s everything for the show. They patiently interest in journalism and media to boarded the plane heading for America School, where she completed a two-year States and China would hypothetically and equipment, is the key to successful way we communicate. Washington Week showed me every detail of TV production participate in a three-month internship at with a heart filled with expectations and master’s in finance in 2002. respond to an unidentified bomb blast in communication. in Review (WWR), and included me in every procedure of various Time Warner divisions in the United confidence for the future. The theme becomes the starting point Taipei that killed some of the Taiwanese 2004 Time Warner the production of the show, from pulling States. In 2004, students interned at HBO, The National Committee made great for a series of panels, in which every leadership. The trick: American YLFers continued on page 10 interns (L to R) Sun out tapes from the CNN library to finally Fortune, Warner Bros. Studios, Time, and efforts to expose us to as much American Wenyi, Cai Zhuojun, sitting in the control room to see the CNN from September through December. The culture as they could in a relatively short Chen Xin, Dai Weijia, show run. program is wholly underwritten by Time orientation program. We even had some and In-Ha Lei visit What I appreciated most was that, Xu Qiyu, a major in the People’s Guo Xinning, a colonel in the People’s Rui Chenggang, a director, producer, and Warner Inc. once-in-a-lifetime experiences such as the station’s control besides showing me how to do things, my Liberation Army, is a lecturer at the Liberation Army, is associate professor at news anchor for China Central Interns begin with a 14-day orientation visiting the White House and attending a room. Not shown is mentors always gave me opportunities to National Defence University and a the National Defence University and a Television (CCTV), helped launch about American history and culture, followed Senator’s breakfast. We tried our best to try on my own. They believed that the research fellow at its Institute for research fellow at its Institute for China’s first 24-hour news channel. Zhuo Qun, a Time by a ten-week office internship, and conclude absorb what we experienced every day most effective way to learn is just to do it! Strategic Studies. Strategic Studies. Warner intern from with a three-day wrap-up session in and cherished every minute learning Todd Sigaty is founder and executive And having some real work to do did 1998, the program’s Los Angeles. about this new world. Verna Kuo is an investment manager director of Village Focus International, a enable me to master the skills quickly. inaugural year, now The following is excerpted from a longer 2002 Fellows at Stanford Management Company, nonprofit organization that provides The newsroom is like a land of wonder working as a WWR report by Chen Xin (Gillian), a Fudan senior Interning at CNN Fu Jun is professor, deputy dean, and the company that manages Stanford training and capacity building to for me. I am so greedy that I wanted to production assistant. majoring in English who interned at CNN chair of the political economy University’s financial and real estate vulnerable rural and urban communities After the two weeks’ orientation trip, learn everything about it. Therefore, International in Atlanta. department at Peking University’s assets. in Southeast Asia. we were sent to different Time Warner besides working on our show, I used a lot School of Government. divisions for our internship. I felt excited of my spare time learning many other Liu Yadong is managing director for Orlando Wang is managing director in as well as afraid because I knew from then things. Although I was off on Mondays, I Paul Haenle, a major in the U.S. Army, Medley Global Advisors’ Asia Group. Rabobank Nederland’s Shanghai branch on I would have to face everything all went to work almost every Monday to is currently serving as the executive Lu Hongyan, founder of several office. assistant to the National Security Orientation alone in Atlanta. However, I was looking shadow different people in the environmental NGOs, is currently Damian Woetzel is a choreographer and forward to my independent life. I said newsroom. That gave me an idea of how Advisor, Stephen Hadley. project manager for the Institute of principal dancer for the New York City The day finally came to depart for goodbye to my fellow interns and they work and how they are related to Darryll Hendricks is a senior vice president Applied Material Flow Maanagement at Ballet Company. America. I still clearly remember the boarded the plane for Atlanta with an each other, which explained why the of the Federal Reserve Bank of Trier University. Zheng Baohua is director of the Center for non-stop phone calls from my folks the eager heart for the internship. huge TV station could run in order. New York. Philip Reeker is the deputy chief of Community Development Studies, an night before the departure. Suddenly I I will never forget the first day I went Taking previous interns’ advice, I was Jack Hidary is co-founder and managing mission at the American Embassy in organization that promotes sustainable realized that I was going to start a new to CNN. I had expected some courageous enough to talk to everyone in director of Vista Research, Inc., a com- Budapest. development and natural resource pany that he just sold to Standard & Poor’s. management in Yunnan. What is most striking, stepping out of the newsroom. I found it not only My host mother, Molly, is a journalist and Wrap-Up Session Arizona’s Phoenix Sky Harbor enabled me to get more opportunities to she is one of the kindest women in the Young Leaders from the U.S. International Airport, is the heat. As learn but also made me more open. world. She took great care of me and The three-month internship was so intense as a hair dryer and nearly as When I started my internship the first showed me almost every aspect of enjoyable that it came to the end before I relentless, it overpowers the first-time day I had never expected that I could American family life. noticed it. I was very reluctant to say 8 and China Gather in Sedona visitor with the sense that this is a place meet so many nice and helpful people. She encouraged me to experience as goodbye to my friends in Atlanta but at 21 the same time I missed home and was unlike any other. Actually, the friends I made there are the much American life as I can and

NOTES never took me as an outsider. Instead, fascinating association made up of many foundation of communication and they would explain to me when I could brilliant journalists, where I got the understanding across the two countries, Back to China not understand their talk and even asked chance to hear Colin Powell speak. We whose relationship has become one of the I was very glad to see my folks and about my opinions. Those daily talks not even went to vote together on Election most important in the world. friends in China again. Although most of only taught me a lot of professional I joined YLF for the first time in the Day, where I witnessed the whole process them feel I remain the same as before, I knowledge but also exposed me to the fall of 2003, when I had just arrived in of voting. myself know clearly that I have changed American culture. Hong Kong as a reporter for the U.K. Staying with Molly really enriched my to be more mature and independent. newspaper The Financial Times. life experiences and I would never forget Now I realize that the world is so big and Right: Life in Atlanta The group I met has accomplished how sad we were when we had to say I want to see more of it. Now I have a YLFers at the 2004 enough to intimidate anyone, but Family usually is the foundation of goodbye at the airport. We promised each clear idea of what I am going to do in the Forum in front of somehow it felt warm and inclusive. one’s happy life. I was lucky enough to other to stay in close touch and I miss my future so I don’t have any time to waste. I Sedona’s Red Rocks Within an hour with the Young Leaders, I have the nicest host family in Atlanta. I American family a lot! have become even more confident and The National Committee launched the of two years, allowing each YLFer to attend a was comfortably discussing the loss of was so close to them that they have determined so I won’t be afraid of any Young Leaders Forum (YLF) in 2002 as a conference in each country. bone density during space travel with an already become another family of mine. difficulty ahead. ■ way of building professional and personal At the third annual Forum in October, 31 American astronaut, talking about six- bridges between the next generation of leading YLFers convened in Sedona, Arizona. party North Korea talks with a colonel in confirmed that it is a lack of capacity – not citizens from the United States and China. The Alexandra Harney, a second-time participant the PLA, discussing anti-corruption money – that now causes the greatest venue for the annual four-day Forum (and a Hong Kong-based journalist working legislation with a Peking University Dr. David Ho Discusses bottleneck in China’s response to AIDS. alternates between the United States and for The Financial Times) described professor, chatting about the In his keynote address, Dr. Ho, who China, and membership lasts for a minimum the event. development of China’s high-technology heads up the China AIDS Initiative China’s Next Steps in (CAI) as well as the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center that coordinates 2004 Fellows 2003 Fellows Shuttle Endeavour, is currently it, described both his organization’s preparing for his second space shuttle ambitious research agenda and its public Left: Angela Chao is senior vice president at Roger Barnett is the chairman and CEO of flight, scheduled for July 2005. Battling AIDS Foremost Maritime Corporation, a New Shaklee Corporation, a health products education efforts. After discussing the Dr. David D. Ho Stacy Kenworthy is president and CEO of testing, treatment, and care programs in Photo courtesy of York-based shipping company. company based in Pleasanton, CA. The Aaron Diamond Habersham Holdings, a holding Henan, Yunnan, and other affected AIDS Research Center Speaking at a half-day public health This was followed by a panel that Elizabeth Gaffney is a novelist, translator, Roslyn Brock, director of System Fund company focusing on globally provinces set up by CAI, Dr. Ho proudly program focusing on the next steps in included Dr. Linda Distlerath, Vice and editor-at-large. Her first novel, Development for Bon Secours Health diversified investments in the high-tech showed stills from two recent public China’s battle against HIV/AIDS, world- President, Global Health Policy, Merck & Metropolis, was published in March. System, Inc., is the youngest person and and software markets. service announcements that CAI has had renowned scientist David D. Ho, MD, Co., Inc., Mr. Kevin Frost, Vice President, Adam Kaplin is an assistant professor in the first woman ever to be elected vice chair a hand in creating, aimed at reducing the of the NAACP Board of Directors. Li Hong (Audrey) is a law partner in discussed the need to reduce the stigma amfAR, and Mr. Walter Chow, Division of Department of Psychiatry at Johns Concord & Partners’ Shanghai office surrounding the disease in China. HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for stigma of AIDS in China. In one, viewers Hopkins University School of Medicine. Stephan Fowlkes is an award-winning artist where she specializes in international The June 30 conference was co- Disease Control and Prevention. They see former President Bill Clinton shaking Hu Kanping is the founder and editor of residing in New York City. corporate and intellectual property law. sponsored by the National Committee spoke about innovative next steps in the hands with a Chinese AIDS patient; in the other, unveiled during the NBA’s Green China Times, an environmental Gabrielle Giffords, the youngest woman Shao Yibo is the chairman of eBay and the Center for Strategic and fight against AIDS, highlighting some of International Studies (CSIS) and was the models that governments, private exhibition games in China this past fall, newspaper in China. ever elected to the Arizona State Senate, EachNet, China’s most popular online held at New York Life’s corporate companies, and foundations have used in viewers see basketball superstars Yao Jin Luo is a director in the international is also a managing partner at Giffords auction house, which he sold to eBay headquarters. National Committee various parts of the world, and discussed Ming and Magic Johnson playing department of the People’s Bank Capital Management. in 2004. Directors Bates Gill and Stapleton Roy their potential applicability for China. basketball together, embracing, and of China. Alexandra Harney is the Hong Kong-based Weng Ling is director of the Shanghai opened the program with a discussion of With organizations like the Bill and sharing a meal. Dr. Ho hopes that these South China Correspondent for The Tang Haisong is founder and CEO of Gallery of Art at Three-on-the-Bund, a the recommendations that came out of a Melinda Gates Foundation donating ads will change the way ordinary Chinese Financial Times. Etang.com, a Shanghai-based online showcase for contemporary Chinese delegation they led to China earlier in the several million dollars for AIDS work in look at HIV/AIDS. ■ game company. Mark Kelly, a U.S. Navy commander and artists. year for CSIS. YLFers at the 2004 Conference YLFers China these days, one of the panelists NASA astronaut who piloted the Space unanimously for death, how come so and each other, as well as to interact with understanding of how U.S. wage and many people are sentenced to death?” “If Americans experts in this field. hour laws and regulations are China’s Recent Developments: a person kills one person intending to kill Moreover, as this was the first time administered and enforced at the More Exchanges him, but the bullet passes through him that the MOLSS had invited this kind of federal, state and local levels and, more and unintentionally kills someone else, is foreign feedback in such a public forum, generally, how workers’ rights are 22 A U.S. Judge’s Perspective that also considered murder?” And the workshops also provided the protected in the United States. An perhaps the best question of all: Chinese with the opportunity to see additional goal was to nurture Chinese Since the publication of our last issue of NOTES, “America requires a lot of legal training to other takes on the drafting process. “It inspection leaders who will continue to the Committee has been host to several delegations be a lawyer and a lot of actual experience was like a breath of fresh air in the play an important role in future Labor from China, as well as sending several there. Below Helen Ginger Berrigan, Chief Judge, U.S. “If a search warrant is issued for a house, as a lawyer to become a judge. Then how Chinese labor legal reform process. The Law Cooperation Project activities. are photographs of two groups that came to the United District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana, does that authorize searching the people come cases are decided by a handful of Americans brought with them different Most of the meetings were held at States in the last two months of 2004. New Orleans, visited China in 1998 as part found in the house?” lay people with no legal training?” (That ways of looking at regulations. Some of the Department of Labor’s of a National Committee Judicial Workshop. At the suggestion of Chris Lin, a last question led to a short history lesson the questions they asked were questions Employment Standards In the years since, Judge Berrigan has opened practicing lawyer and adjunct law about trial by jury and the American that no one else had asked during the Administration’s Wage and Hour her home and her court to visiting Chinese professor in both the United States (City colonies.) time the regulations were being drafted, Divisions in Washington, D.C., judges and others interested in rule of law University of New York) and China who The biggest high in Beijing was and what we learned from these new Houston, and San Francisco, with issues. Last September she took time during a very graciously accompanied me and reuniting with some lao pengyou: Judge ways of looking will be useful to us long several more informal sessions at non- private visit to China with her husband to give helped out when I after this particular drafting process has government organizations working with

NOTES a series of lectures in Beijing and Hong Kong needed interpreting, been completed,” said Mr. Lu Yulin, labor standards enforcement, such as the arranged by the National Committee with the I also met with director of the General Planning Berkeley Center for Labor Education assistance of Chris Lin, editor-in-chief of the members of the Division of the Legal Affairs and Research and the International American Law Review (a Chinese Deheng Law Offices, Department at the Ministry and a key Labor Rights Fund. periodical dedicated to introducing the an international firm figure in the U.S.-China Labor Law In their written and verbal evolution and current developments in primarily engaged in Cooperation Project. evaluations, the Chinese inspection American law to readers in China), and of the commercial law, but Given the obstacles of time, chiefs commented that much of what Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office with a white-collar language, they learned Members of the HIV/AIDS Community Planning Delegation at a state-funded needle exchange station in Providence, Rhode Island. Right: (HKETO). In this piece, adapted from a crime section as well. limited under- “The Americans brought with about the Judges’ Reunion longer article that Judge Berrigan wrote for the The firm’s founder standing of all American The eight-person group, four from Beijing and four from Yunnan, (L to R): Supreme National Committee, she reflects on some of the and managing partner the intricacies of them different ways of looking wage and included representatives from the China Centers for Disease Control, People’s Court Judge rule of law-related changes that have taken Ms. Wang Li came the Chinese at regulations…and what we hour system a local Yunnan health official, and both national-level and local Song Jianchao, Vice place in China since her prior visit. across as a formidable labor inspection learned from these new ways… had direct NGO staff members. Delegation members spent two weeks visiting Minister of Justice attorney, embodying system, and will be useful to us long after applicability sites in Atlanta, Providence, Boston, and Los Angeles, exploring the Zhang Jun, and China’s explosive new because of the this particular drafting process in what they role of community involvement in HIV/AIDS prevention and care. Judge Helen Ginger success herself. After sheer enormity do in China, As a follow-up, a team of four American experts, all of whom were In the six years I had been away, China working for the Ministry of Justice and Song Jianchao of the Supreme People’s of the chal- has been completed.” especially Berrigan in Beijing involved in the November program, will visit Beijing and Yunnan had changed…big time. helping to draft guidelines for lawyers to Court and Zhang Jun, a Supreme lenges facing those aspects in late May 2005 to participate in a series of workshops on the same At least that’s what I deduced from take advantage of China’s international People’s Court Judge when I met him in the Chinese labor law reform process, it that relate to back wages; investigator subject and to continue the dialogue with their Chinese colleagues. making a return visit to Beijing. development opportunities, Ms. Wang 2001, but now the Vice Minister of the was a challenge for the American team training, monitoring, and evaluation; and Everywhere I looked I saw evidence of a went into private practice, founding Ministry of Justice. In February 2001, members to provide useful ideas and the handling of worker complaints. booming economy: new skyscrapers, new Deheng, a firm that now has branches in Judge Song, Judge Zhang, and several of information. But Lu Yulin told the Future phases of the project are being fashions, new advertisements, and new nine Chinese cities as well as in The their colleagues came to New Orleans Committee that the American team’s planned for this year. In the spring, the traffic. (Where did all the bicycles go?) Hague, New York, Seattle, Paris, and where I hosted them for two days of input played an important role in the project will place four Chinese Less noticeable to the average return Osaka. (She also authored a compelling meetings and a wonderfully collegial final stages of the drafting process. legislative drafters, two from the central visitor is that China has also expanded its book on the liability of Chinese criminal dinner at my home. When I finally saw Premier Wen Jiabao signed the government and two from provincial- rule of law. This fact became apparent to defense lawyers themselves, including the delegation off at the airport, Judge regulation on November 1, 2004, and it level governments, into five-week me from the several meetings I had with the risk of being criminally charged for Zhang was the last down the ramp and was put into effect 30 days later. internships in U.S. state legislatures and judges, attorneys, and law students. aggressive representation of their clients.) called back, “Next year, Beijing!” Days after the new labor regulations academic institutions. Over the summer Their questions and their comments The National Committee and Chris Well, it was more like nearly five years went into effect, the second National – and building on the success of the simply had a different tone from the ones arranged for me to lecture at Peking later, but still worth the wait. Vice Committee portion of the U.S. China Qingdao program – we will hold another of 1998. University Law School. Prior to the Minister Zhang greeted me with the Labor Law Cooperation Project took China-based seminar, this time to In Beijing, I met with the members of lecture, I met with the law school dean same enthusiastic hug that he had used to place. In December 2004, the discuss labor contract law. This will be the Beijing criminal defense bar who had and several of the students, all of whom bid me farewell at the New Orleans Committee welcomed a delegation of followed by a U.S.-based training course plans to travel to the United States three spoke English and were full of questions airport. I tried using the Chinese I had ten labor officials from the Ministry, the for contract labor specialists and a follow- months later. We talked of the American about the American legal system. The been studying and Minister Zhang Chinese Academy of Labor and Social up seminar in China. Later in the year, Members of the Worker Training/Retraining Delegation – six judge’s role in pre-trial criminal topic for the lecture, by request, was the patiently listened – and smiled – through Security, and several provincial and specialists from China, the United States Chinese labor officials from the central and provincial governments proceedings, and in dealing with search criminal defense of death penalty cases. my haphazard intonations. It was clear municipal labor bureaus on a two-week and other countries will meet to develop – on a tour of the factory that produces Boeing’s 737s in Renton, warrants, confessions, and bail. They Around seventy students stayed for from speaking with him that Minister wage and hour laws training course in a training curriculum for Chinese labor Washington. The delegation’s two-week itinerary included stops in asked perceptive questions that showed two hours of give-and-take dialogue. Zhang now has a very significant position the United States. inspectors; in subsequent years, sessions Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Seattle, and San Francisco. This a different level of thinking than we They were very enthusiastic and, like the and is a major player in China’s rule of law W orking closely with the will be held at two different Chinese was the final segment of a three-part project that included American encountered in our 1998 workshop: Beijing lawyers, asked great questions: advancement. One of his duties is to Department of Labor, the National provincial centers devoted to training specialists in worker training and retraining going to Taiwan in ■ “How can a judge know if the police “Since there are so many lawyers in oversee the uniform judicial examinations Committee designed a program to give the trainers on this curriculum. April 2003 and a similar group going to the PRC in June 2004. officer is telling the truth in his affidavit?” America, and it takes 12 people to vote that are now required of all prospective the participants a comprehensive drafted regulations: guidelines for labor judges, prosecutors, and lawyers. The inspectors throughout China that passing rate is very low, he tells me, U.S.-China Labor Law establish, for the very first time on the sending a clear message to China’s up- Corporate Programs: national level, a legal basis for the and-coming that they must be well- enforcement of standards in the areas of educated and well-qualified if they 6 Cooperation Project wage, hour, child labor, employer social expect to be part of China’s future legal Ambassador Randt Speaks 23 insurance pay-in, and more. system.

NOTES of Labor under a cooperative effort goes into smoothing out the rough members who joined him for an off-the- agreement with the Chinese edges between them. For example, at record lunch in New York last October. Ministry of Labor and Social the Hong Kong International Arbitration The 20 attendees, most of whom knew Security (MOLSS). The Centre, the topic we discussed was the Ambassador Randt from his pre- National Committee’s glitches in enforcing arbitration decisions ambassadorial days in Hong Kong and American partners are rendered in Hong Kong on parties in the PRC, peppered him with questions Worldwide Strategies, Inc., mainland China. The Hong Kong Legal on a broad range of subjects. and the Asia Foundation; our Forum is a relatively new organization Responding to questions about Left: component of the project that encourages more interaction economics, Ambassador Randt identified The Honorable focuses on enhancing between lawyers from Hong Kong and textile safeguards as a strong Chinese North Korea. An additional benefit of Clark T. Randt Jr., China’s capacity to develop mainland China. At the City University concern and intellectual property rights the six-party talks, the Ambassador U.S. Ambassador laws and regulations based of Hong Kong School of Law, the and trade distribution rights as priority pointed out, has been the engagement of to China. on internationally recog- discussion centered on Hong Kong’s legal items on the U.S. agenda. the United States, South Korea, China, Photo courtesy of Kaveh Sardari nized workers’ rights and to system and the hopes for mainland On the political/security front, he Japan, and Russia in discussion of mutual enable those charged with China’s rule of law reform. And in gave a strong endorsement to the security concerns, a dialogue that has implementation and meetings with the Honorable Justice multilateral approach being pursued by developed a vitality of its own. ■ enforcement of those laws Geoffrey Ma Tao-li, chief judge of the the Bush administration with respect to and regulations to operate Hong Kong High Court; Mr. Philip more effectively. Dykes, chairman of the Hong Kong Bar In May 2004, the project’s Association; Mr. Stephen Lam, secretary initial programmatic activity for Constitutional Affairs, and Mr. Robert Right: took place – a three-day Allcock, solicitor general of the THEN & NOW: Condoleezza Rice U.S.-China Labor workshop in Qingdao that Department of Justice, I found them all Law Cooperation brought a team of top optimistic that Hong Kong’s legal system Project at the Great American labor inspection would remain intact and, in fact, would Wall (L to R): John specialists together with continue to have a positive influence on Fraser, Tom Nagle, senior government the development of the rule of law on the and Louis Vanegas representatives from mainland. (It was only at the Hong Kong MOLSS and the State University law school that the focus was Council, directors of key provincial and who, as a hearing officer, deals with the problems and issues faced by their elsewhere: I led a seminar on the municipal labor inspectorates, labor sweatshop wage, hour, and child labor Chinese colleagues were quite similar to constitutionality of same sex marriage in lawyers, and academics to discuss and issues on a daily basis. Mary Gallagher, ones they had faced in their own work. America – their choice of topic!) comment on a draft of new labor assistant professor of political science at In the end, the significance of the My discussions in Beijing and Hong inspection regulations. The American the University of Michigan and then a Qingdao seminar went far beyond that of Kong about the rule of law were June 1988 - Condoleezza Rice, associate March 2005 - Condoleezza Rice meets team consisted of John Fraser, former Fulbright fellow specializing in Chinese a simple opportunity to make a few completely different in nature from – and professor of political science at with President Hu Jintao during her deputy assistant secretary for labor issues at Shanghai’s East China comments on a set of draft regulations. more mature than – those I had had in Stanford University, makes her first first visit to China as Secretary of State. employment standards at the U.S. University of Politics and Law, helped For the Americans, it provided a rare 1998. Judges, attorneys, law faculty and trip to China as part of a National She also meets with Premier Wen Department of Labor and former head of brief the Americans and stayed on at the perspective from which to learn about the students all seem much more engaged in Committee-sponsored delegation of Jiabao and Foreign Minister Li the Department’s Wage and Hour workshop as an observer. Chinese labor standards enforcement the issues surrounding the rule of law, to American Soviet specialists to discuss Zhaoxing to discuss key issues Division for 11 years; Louis Vanegas, After briefings designed to bring the system and the challenges the a degree that sometimes surprised and the implications of the Gorbachev affecting U.S.-China relations. former director of the Wage and Hour U.S. team quickly up to speed on the government faces in the legal reform always delighted me. Certainly the reforms for Sino-Soviet, Soviet- Photo courtesy of the U.S. Department of State New York District Office with over 15 Chinese labor conditions and labor process; for the Chinese, the workshops discussions need to evolve further, but it American, and Sino-American years of field inspection, supervision, and enforcement systems, the workshop provided an opportunity, for many their is tremendously exciting to watch and be relations. training experience, now a consultant on sessions focused squarely on the newly first, to share their views with the drafters a small part of their journey. ■ not hurt anybody. I think on that score I much fun to go home. I remember the Six months later, I have a better sense dozen delicacies I had no name for. I’m can say I have got a very good record. way we laughed when we got lost of how my trip to China has changed me. more eager to embrace new experiences. An Interview with 2004 In terms of people I have actually together on a curvy side street, the way I’m more adventurous, more Before the trip, I knew little about China managed to help get sentence reductions, we hunted for a perfect pair of shoes for independent. Before the trip, I ordered a and had no particular interest in it above better treatment, parole, etc., I am her, the way she ran off to get my curiosity about all other 24 MacArthur Fellow John Kamm probably batting around .400. I don’t a water bottle for the sweaty nations; now my head turns 5 think that’s that great, but it’s something, craftsman as he meticulous- whenever I hear about

NOTES the China human rights arena. increasingly, with the governments of America and my life here. Chinese government has provided in their arms to leave near European countries. Dui Hua was someone I had always When I’ve traveled to information on people whose names we recently granted “Special Consultative thought of as an indescribably different parts of the United did not know. When you talk about National Committee: Congratulations Status” with the Economic and Social evil tyrant. I remember the States and Canada, I’ve system change, all right, well…. When on being selected as one of the 2004 Council (ECOSOC) of the United conversation I had with noticed and marveled at you talk about something that really MacArthur Fellows. What impact has Nations. Hannah Ma, a Chinese- what was different; in China, indicates a possible change in the way the the award had upon your work? American student in our we delighted in anything Chinese government has approached, if NC: When did that happen and what group whose parents lived in that was the same. I suppose you will, investigations into human rights John Kamm: There have will that do for you? China through the Cultural that suggests that I was abuses, this is an important step forward. been positive reactions all Revolution, and Jon Lowet, going through some culture around. There have been JK: ECOSOC’s NGO Committee our group leader who lived in My trip to China made me shock while I was in China, NC: What do you attribute this nice words of con- approved us in January, and the full Beijing at the time of the realize that I want to interact but that doesn’t compare to change to? gratulations spoken. Council approved us on February 7. T iananmen Square the feeling I had once I There has been that sort China sits on both the 19-member NGO and learn on a global level, returned home. Having crackdown in 1989. I was of added imprimatur that Committee and the Council, which JK: It’s very hard to say. In this particular and it inspired me to experienced a different fascinated by the insight I the approach we have among other things oversees the Human make a difference in the world. lifestyle with my Chinese case, I have been having a 15-year gained from their per- taken is a valid approach Rights Commission. host families and having conversation with Chinese officials. It spectives and arrested by the in the area of human It is very rare for China to raise no learned about China’s vastly goes something like this: “Here I am, realization that the Western rights. I have gotten very objections to granting “Special different political, eco- asking you about 100 people and trying to way of looking at the world, good feedback both from Consultative Status” to an NGO working nomic, and social para- get you to tell me who has been released, of judging people, is not the the NGO community on China’s human rights situation. This digms, I now see my Amer- and who has had a sentence reduction. only way. and from various status will allow Dui Hua to attend UN ican home through new Certainly, we will continue this way. But When I fell down at the governments, including meetings, make statements, and submit eyes. I can more critically Top: why don’t we also try another way? That Beijing roller disco (awesome the Chinese government. reports. evaluate my lifestyle and Dumplings 101: is, you tell me about, say, sentence final-night-in-China Above: I guess it’s been kind of a validation, not reductions you’ve carried out. Just tell my nation. I realize how Jason Misium gets NC: What do you believe accounts for activity!), before I could even John Kamm, that we needed it, but it is still nice. me about it.” petty my problems can be a lesson on how to the high degree of success you’ve had? prop myself up, a young and how much bigger the executive director of Of course, when they do tell me about make jiaozi from NC: How do you describe the Chinese woman held out her world is. Yet at the same the Dui Hua reductions, what happens is that they his Chinese host approach that Dui Hua, the foundation JK: It is very hard to quantify success in hand, her smile glowing time I’ve stopped taking Foundation and often choose political prisoners who are you’ve created, has taken? a venture like this. Sometimes you work brighter than her white many things for granted. I 2004 MacArthur serving very long terms. One of the guys Bottom: on a case for ten or 12 years and get sweater. We may have waste less water and use Fellow was sentenced to life in prison in 1984, After a lecture on JK: Our approach is now pretty well nowhere, and then find out the guy was exchanged eight words we fewer paper towels. Even Photo courtesy of the and he is serving a very long sentence for traditional Chinese Dui Hua Foundation. established. We are in the “list business,” given a sentence reduction back when both understood, but we as I can be a critic, I medicine at the as I sometimes like to say. We conduct a you started working on it. And the using superstitious ideas to commit skated hand-in-hand for recognize what is good Nanjing Acu- worldwide search for the names of Chinese government just did not let you counter-revolutionary acts. They fifteen minutes. I can still about the political and social Chinese political prisoners. On a recent know. disclosed his existence and said that he is hear my laughter blending framework within which puncture Clinic, trip to China, for example, one of my First of all, I have worked on so many being given a sentence reduction. Now, with hers when we were I live. Jessi Reel opts colleagues and I dug our way through the cases and, of course, the public never that to me is a significant change in the joined by a Chinese man, a I’m still not certain what for cupping municipal libraries in Shanghai and hears about the ones that are not way they have responded to the far better skater than either of I want to do with my life, (moxibustion). Hangzhou and found quite a few successful. Much of the time, I see little international community. us, who took my other hand and pulled grilled chicken sandwich nearly every but my trip to China this summer made interesting cases. From this research, we impact. I always point out that I never see us behind as he wove agilely through the time I ate out; now when I’m presented me realize that I want to interact and generate prisoner lists for various harm done, and that is the most important NC: After 15 years of engaging the crowds; I can still remember how fast we food that looks strange, I remind myself learn on a global level, and it inspired me purposes – on average, a couple of lists thing. It is not just how many people you Chinese on this issue, that must be skated, that shared thrill that transcended I’ve tried much stranger: duck tongue, to make a difference in the world, each month. help; it is also very important that you do incredibly exciting and gratifying… any language barrier. shark fin soup, snail, and about three somehow. ■ Six months later, I can no longer JK: Yes, it is…and it’s sort of a paradigm to try to get many well-known and JK: The greatest worry for the regime is remember whether we visited the Ming shift in the way we have been doing important prisoners before the public precisely tufa shijian. Of course that’s U.S.-China Student Tombs and the acupuncture clinic on the things. It says, “O.K., China, you say consciousness. Sometimes a case can be going to contribute to a clampdown, isn’t same day; it’s harder to recall which city you’re treating your prisoners well. How very high profile, but I may see it? If you’re worried about being was known for which “local specialty” about proving it to us by giving us this something that other people don’t overthrown, you are going to clamp down 4 Leaders Exchange (I think we had dozens, most of them kind of information?” because of so many years looking at this on these incidents. “A single spark can 25 delicious); and though I can still write my Now, obviously nothing like this could thing – the forest as well as the trees. I start a prairie fire…”

NOTES school graduates. different from and far more interesting showered, I scooted next to her mother to type of political offenses the Chinese very subtle change in wording of the them to wait. In response, the National Committee and relevant than anything I’d learned in show her my work; she smiled and took government was prosecuting… official account – a change that tells me created the U.S.-China Student Leaders someone might be in play if we push the I’ll give you a very good example. Exchange – an opportunity for 12 JK: Yes, that’s still true, although there’s right buttons and pull the right levers. Look at the death penalty debate in Presidential Scholars to spend two weeks in also a third major category now as well. In In terms of how one selects other China. Over the last year, there has been China just before commencing their university the last year or so, we have seen people prisoners to ask about, that’s pretty much a lot of debate in public, with statements studies, and to begin a dialogue with their detained in what are called tufa shijian, constant: we look for, obviously, non- by people like [president of The Chinese counterparts in Shanghai, Suzhou, “suddenly occurring incidents.” violent expression of political, religious Supreme People’s Court] Xiao Yang that Wuxi, Nanjing, Yangzhou, and Beijing. [Washington Post Beijing bureau chief] beliefs. We cast a fairly skeptical eye at the central government needs to take The program received tremendous support, Philip Pan did a nice piece on it, claiming claims of conspiracy to commit violence. back the power to approve executions; financial and otherwise, from the Chinese 58,000 instances of these tufa shijian in We certainly look for good geographic that there have been a lot of problems Embassy; the Chinese Ministry of Education; 2003. We are seeing big growth in the spread. I think we need to cover the with this present arrangement; that the the Jiangsu Provincial Department of number of spontaneous – and still illegal country as a whole in our inquiries. The death penalty is not being administered Education; Jiangsu Education Television; – demonstrations that incite disturbances chance that the individual is still in prison fairly. And then, less than a year ago, out and local education bureaus, schools, and host to the social order and social is an important factor, obviously, if you’re comes an extraordinary revelation from families. On the American side, Laureate management, in the government’s putting together a prisoner list. China that nationwide they execute Education, Inc., and its partner, Wall Street opinion. We are seeing a big increase in The things that go into making a good roughly 10,000 a year. Probably closer to English, underwrote various aspects of the people being imprisoned, albeit for prisoner list are well established and 12,000. All that and the Supreme Court project, including a two-day pre-departure relatively short periods, for three to five haven’t changed much. A good prisoner still has not taken back the power to orientation held in Washington, D.C. years, for their participation. I’ve seen a list will have well-known prisoners on it; approve, as of today. But the wide The following piece is written by Katie case recently of someone getting a big it will have prisoners of special interest to expectation is that they will. Huston, a student from Royal Oak, Michigan, sentence, but mostly it’s small sentences. the individual handing over the list; and who is now completing a busy freshman year at This is a fast growing area in the then it will have representatives who are NC: With all these developments in the University of Massachusetts Amherst. database. We are up to 9,000 cases, obscure, people who are never asked the China human rights arena, what including people we know who have about. That is a category – I keep a are the implications, if any, for U.S.- been sentenced, served their terms, and running count of 15 or 20 obscure China relations? Today, six months after my return, I been released – we keep them in the American Student Leaders Exchange participants begin their two-week visit to China in Shanghai. prisoners – that we try to stick into lists open the folder of digital photos on my database. We are looking at a body of data JK: The American people are fascinated Front row (L to R): Jason Misium (Dallas, Texas), Hannah Ma (Upper Arlington, Ohio), Katie Huston with some success. People sort of like computer labeled “Best of China” and that has 9,000 separate entries now. So, with China’s emergence as a 21st century marvel at what I see. Was I really there? (Royal Oak, Michigan); Middle row: Katie Booth (Lake Mary, Florida); Back row: Henry Jicha (Chapel we can have a small degree of confidence this idea. So it’s a mix. A list is something great power, and see its people’s struggle It’s almost hard to believe, but I can Hill, North Carolina), Bryan Lee (Westminster, Colorado), Dean Thongkham (Mesa, Arizona), Nicola in generalizations like what I just said, we spend a quite a bit of time making for human rights as an essential part of still feel my quads burn as I climb eagerly Ulibari (El Prado, New Mexico), Jessi Reel (Atlanta, Georgia), Joanne Luckey (Columbia, Kentucky), Jake that one of the fastest growing areas is this sure it is put together right. But those are that story. Improvements in the area of up and down the Great Wall of China... Schuman (Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania), Ben Pope (Newton, Massachusetts). tufa shijian category. some of the general principles. human rights, indications of a growing see the sun rising before 5 in the morning respect for rule of law, will always find a over the city of Shanghai, already so alive books or on TV: knowledge borne of the pen to show me how to write it NC: With plenty of new cases, what NC: Right now, it seems like a lot of welcome audience in the U.S., among the with bicycles and vendors on the streets... immersing myself in another culture, of properly. I can still hear her repeating it principles do you use to help decide factors – China’s rapid economic taste the dumplings we made minutes living with Chinese hosts, of asking over and over, “Meng Xi,” laughing kindly how to allocate your resources? Do growth, its entry into the WTO, people as a whole and certainly among earlier with students in Nanjing, or the questions, of connecting with people. at my inability to hear the subtle you get yourself involved in many high preparations for the 2008 Olympics – their elected representatives. Conversely, fresh hot sweet bread we purchased for The evening my parents brought me differences between her pronunciation profile cases? are converging to promote positive stories about setbacks in the area of legal only yi jiao on an early morning walk, or home from the airport, I couldn’t wait to and mine. changes in China’s human rights reform and serious abuses of human the huge juicy white peaches left for us pop the CD of photos into my computer In Nanjing, my host Fanny and I spent JK: I try to balance concern for important record. What should the international rights negatively affect the relationship, each day in our Beijing hotel... smell the and tell them about my experiences; after four hours shopping at the night market; high profile cases; the fact they are high community be worried about? What’s and hamper the realization of the full thunderstorm approaching as I watch two solid hours, we had only gotten we took a taxi home rather than the group profile should not lead me to discriminate going to bring about the next potential for U.S.-China relations in the classical Chinese performances in a through half the pictures. tour bus because we were having way too against them, obviously. My approach is clampdown? early part of the new century. ■ Hu Jintao, Wen Jiabao, and China’s other new leaders; and the major policy changes Members’ Bookshelf USTR Robert Zoellick Gives under the Hu administration. He believes that, in two short years as party secretary, Hu Jintao has capably moved 26 Keynote at Annual Meeting out from under Jiang Zemin’s shadow and 3 has demonstrated his political wisdom Below is just a partial listing of the Bob Sutter, China’s Rise in Asia: Promises Security Studies / and skill, often by “making major policy NOTES many books National Committee and Perils (Rowman and Littlefield, International Relations moves that deliberately confuse some members have authored over the past 2005). Panel of experts assesses China’s recent political potential critics, both at home and year. For an expanded Members’ Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, ed., Dangerous abroad.” Calling the Hu-Wen team “the Bookshelf going back to 2000, please visit Madeleine Zelin, Jonathan K. Ocko, and and economic developments Strait: The US-Taiwan-China Crisis most capable leadership in PRC history,” our website. Committee members who Robert Gardella, Contract and Property in (Columbia University Press, 2005). he suggested that it is the Western have additions to the web listings and/or Early Modern China (Stanford University U.S. Trade Representative Robert B. movement toward a multi-party system, media’s analysis of the China’s leadership, submissions for the next edition of Press, 2004). Zoellick and a panel of distinguished at least not for the next few decades. Richard C. Bush, At Cross Purposes: U.S.- and not the leadership itself, that has the NOTES may contact Jonathan Lowet China specialists addressed nearly 200 China’s leaders will opt instead to look for Taiwan Relations Since 1942 (M.E. Sharpe, greater shortcomings. ([email protected]). National Committee members and ways to make the current government Public Affairs and Administration 2004). invited guests at the annual Members and party more efficient, transparent, and Li suggested that the era of strongman Meeting – fortuitously timed for responsive to the needs of the people. politics in China is over and that

NOTES Yong Deng and Fei-ling Wang, eds., China collective leadership is the new norm. As Laurence J. C. Ma and Fulong Wu, eds., November 10, between the 2004 U.S. Lieberthal remarked that at present, Rising: Power and Motivation in Chinese evidence, he pointed out that each of the Restructuring the Chinese City: Changing Presidential elections and the APEC all suggested reforms are aimed at Business / Economics Foreign Policy (Rowman and Littlefield, five most important leadership bodies in Society, Economy and Space (Routledge, Leaders Summit – to address pressing reducing or removing the political 2005). China has its top two positions filled by Tom Gorman, Magazine Publishing in the 2005). issues in the U.S.-China relationship and obstacles to continued economic growth. one leader from the Hu-Wen coalition People’s Republic of China (American to assess recent political and economic The leadership “clearly and explicitly Mel Gurtov and Peter Van Ness, eds., and one from a Jiang-Zeng Qinghong Business Media, 2004). John P. Burns, Government Capacity and the developments in China. opts for limited reform, carefully phased Confronting the Bush Doctrine: Critical Views coalition, in essence “creating a situation Hong Kong Civil Service (Oxford Ambassador Zoellick (who has since in, very mindful of related underlying from the Asia-Pacific (New York: of checks and balances.” Scott Kennedy, The Business of Lobbying in University Press, 2004). become Deputy Secretary of State) began risks, very mindful of the dangers of RoutledgeCurzon, 2005). Li argued that Hu Jintao has quickly China (Harvard University Press, 2005). his off-the-record remarks by sharing creating a momentum that then gets out some of the insights from his personal of hand, and that focuses on changing sensed that his mandate is to fix the Evelyn Goh, Constructing the U.S. serious problems caused by Jiang’s Dan Rosen and Nick Lardy, Prospects for experiences of working with China and only those things necessary to change in Social Sciences Rapprochement with China, 1961-1974: leadership: he has launched a set of a U.S.-Taiwan Free Trade Agreement then focusing on U.S.-China trade and order to sustain overall economic From “Red Menace” to “Tacit Ally” economic relations. He generously growth.” “New Deal” policies that seek more (Institute for International Economics, Neil Diamant, Stanley Lubman, and (Cambridge University Press, 2005). answered questions from an audience balanced regional economic 2004). Kevin O’Brien, eds., Engaging the Law in clearly fascinated by what he had to say. development, show a heightened China: State, Society and Possibilities for Joseph S. Nye, Soft Power: The Means to concern for social justice, and suggest an Dan Rosen, Scott Rozelle, and Jikun Also capturing the audience’s Justice (Stanford University Press, 2005). Success in World Politics (PublicAffairs, era of greater political transparency and Huang, Roots of Competitiveness: China’s attention was the panel of China 2004). institutionalization – all areas that his Evolving Agriculture Interests (Institute for specialists at the meeting: Peter Hays Gries and Stanley Rosen, eds., predecessor had ignored or, worse, International Economics, 2004). State and Society in 21st-century China: Jonathan D. Pollack, ed., Strategic • Kenneth Lieberthal, visiting scholar at thwarted. Crisis, Contention, and Legitimation Surprise? U.S.-China Relations in the Early the Brookings Institution, author of In sum, Li was cautiously optimistic (RoutledgeCurzon, 2004). Chinese History 21st Century (Naval War College Press, Governing China: From Revolution that the strategic moves of the Hu-Wen 2004). Through Reform, and former special team to date bode well for the future. Jason Kindopp and Carol Lee Hamrin, “Hopefully, they will not only be capable Melvyn C. Goldstein, Dawei Sherap, and assistant to the President and senior eds., God and Caesar in China: Policy Mark Sidel, More Secure, Less Free? enough to constructively respond to the Left: William R. Siebenschuh, A Tibetan director for Asian Affairs at the Implications of Church-State Tensions (The Antiterrorism Policy and Civil Liberties after daunting challenges at home, but also Robert Zoellick, Revolutionary: The Political Life and Times National Security Council; Brookings Institution Press, 2004). September 11 (University of Michigan humble enough to make China a then U.S. Trade of Bapa Phuntso Wangye (University of Press, 2004). • Cheng Li, professor of government at cooperative and responsible member of Representative. California Press, 2004). W.O. Lee, David L. Grossman, Kerry J. Hamilton College, author of China’s the international community.” Photo courtesy of Kennedy, and Gregory P. Fairbrother, the U.S. Department of State Leaders: The New Generation and editor David Malpass gave his views on the Kenneth Lieberthal, Governing China: eds., Citizenship Education in Asia and Misc. of the newly published Bridging Minds current state of the Chinese economy, its From Revolution Through Reform (W.W. the Pacific: Concepts and Issues (CERC Across the Pacific: U.S.-China banking system and financial markets, Norton, 2004). Studies in Comparative Education, James R. Silkenat and William M. Educational Exchanges, 1978-2003; and and its fixed exchange rate. He began by Springer, 2004). Hannay, eds., The ABA Guide to Foreign characterizing China’s economic growth Sheila Melvin and Jindong Cai, Rhapsody Law Firms (American Bar Association • David R. Malpass, senior managing This type of approach, Lieberthal as very fast, but stable, rejecting the in Red: How Western Classical Music Became Mark Sidel and Iftekhar Zaman, eds., Press in 2004). director and chief economist at Bear pointed out, makes a bold assumption: reports of some Western observers who Chinese (Algora Publishing, 2004). Philanthropy and Law in South Asia (Asia Stearns & Co. that the Chinese population will be believe China is heading toward a hard Pacific Philanthropy Consortium, 2004). Seymour Topping, Fatal Crossroads: satisfied with a non-representative landing; instead, he predicted that the Roy Rowan, Chasing the Dragon: A Veteran A Novel of Vietnam 1945 (EastBridge Professor Lieberthal focused on government as long as it seeks to define Chinese economy will continue growing Journalist’s Firsthand Account of the 1949 Dali L. Yang, Remaking the Chinese Books, 2005). political reform in China and the problems realistically and to attack them at a brisk pace. Chinese Revolution (The Lyons Press, Leviathan: Market Transition and the Politics initiatives that leaders have begun or are effectively. Malpass suggested that China’s 2004). of Governance in China (Stanford likely to undertake. None of these Professor Li discussed China’s banking system, with its non-performing University Press, 2004). initiatives, Lieberthal asserted, include leadership transition; the skills of continued on back cover A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Productive U.S.-China relations can never be taken for granted. Wise leadership in both countries is required to Extending Our prevent unexpected events, such as the United States’ mistaken bombing of 2 Reflections from My Tenure China’s Belgrade embassy and the Thanks for 27 collision of a Chinese jet fighter with an American reconnaissance aircraft off NOTES Hainan Island, from spiraling out of Their Service Stepping down after nearly seven years in control. A review of the past four decades the post, National Committee president of Sino-American interaction leads an The National Committee on John Holden notes that the Committee’s work optimist like me to claim that the We are very proud of two of our United States-China Relations remains as vital as ever. relationship is robust enough (and leadership good enough) to withstand Directors – Governor Thomas Kean and Representative Lee Hamilton – for their 71 West 23rd Street, 19th floor The National Committee has, for support of so many others: Barber major shocks; another observer might say, distinguished service to this country as New York, NY 10010-4102 nearly four decades, played important Conable and Carla Hills, Committee however, that it will only be a matter of chair and vice chair, respectively, of the roles in helping build bridges of chairs during my tenure, and our time before an event is so big – or is September 11 Commission. www.ncuscr.org • (212) 645-9677 understanding between the United outstanding cast of Directors, Members, handled so poorly – that a crisis becomes NOTES The two oversaw the work of the States and China, and it has been an and friends who have helped us in so a disaster. Commission, formally known as the honor to have been part many ways. We’ve But what concerns me today is not the National Commission on Terrorist of its work. In this, my also been fortunate to likelihood of a single event precipitating Attacks upon the United States, laboring last message in have had the support disaster in U.S.-China relations; instead, for nearly two years to complete its Chair NOTES, I would like to of many American it is the possibility of unresolved issues charge: to “make a full and complete Carla A. Hills offer brief observations corporations far- accumulating in number and intensity to accounting of the circumstances President on some of the people, sighted enough to the point that they reach a critical mass surrounding the attacks, and the extent of John L. Holden events, and issues that understand the value and set off a chain reaction. From an the United States’ preparedness for, and Vice President immediate response to, the attacks” and I have encountered of our work, and of the American perspective, the two countries Jan Berris during my tenure as U. S. government need to make significant progress on such to make “recommendations for corrective president. agencies that have sensitive matters as North Korean nuclear measures that can be taken to prevent Vice President for We have been appreciated how the weapons, China’s growing trade surplus acts of terrorism.” Administration and Development Right: extremely fortunate Committee can help with the United States, and related When the Commission issued its final Rosalind Daly John L. Holden over the years that so them achieve their questions such as the Chinese currency’s report in July 2004, it had pored over 2.5 Senior Program Director at the 2003 Young many talented and programmatic goals. pegged exchange rate and intellectual million pages of documents and Shenyu Belsky Leaders Forum held engaging people have And we are grateful to property rights violations. Although not conducted over 1,200 interviews. at Huangshan. The country owes them and their Senior Director for Education Programs been willing to work so the foundations – a bilateral issue, growing tensions in fellow Commissioners an enormous debt Margot E. Landman hard for the Committee. Space does not Ford, Freeman, Luce, and Starr, in Japan-China and cross-Strait relations is of gratitude for their tireless work. ■ permit me to mention them all, but I particular – whose ongoing unrestricted also a matter of concern to the United Senior Director for Corporate and Public Programs must single out vice presidents Jan Berris and project funding has been so States. Left: Anne Phelan and Ros Daly. Jan has been with us since important. Whether China and America can Governor 1971; what is most remarkable about her Furthermore, Sino-American relations continue to maintain a successful Thomas Kean Senior Program Officer is not the longevity of her service or the would not have advanced to where they relationship – one that identifies and Photo courtesy of Jonathan Lowet Judi Benvenuti legions of people she knows, but the are today without the efforts of a great addresses mutual interests and resolves or Program Officer passion, integrity, and dynamism she many talented and perceptive Chinese finesses competing ones – is a question Below: Meredith Champlin brings to her work day in and day out. Jan policymakers, educators, and analysts; it that will have major bearing on the Representative Program Officer (through August 2004) is a marvelous resource and key to the has been my privilege to have worked prospects for world peace and prosperity Lee Hamilton Photo courtesy of the Kathryn Gonnerman success of the Committee’s programs. with many of them. this century. Leaders in China and the Woodrow Wilson Since 1979, Ros Daly has worked behind As we look ahead, I am confident that United States, from both inside and International Center Administrative Manager for Scholars the scenes with great dedication to the National Committee initiatives such as outside of government, must find ways to Millicent Clinton myriad administrative and financial tasks the Student Leaders Exchange (see page make progress on the above matters so Program Assistant that help the organization accomplish so 4), the Young Leaders Forum (see page that the overall calculus of U.S.-China Daniel Greenberg much with so little. Ros’s contributions 8), the Foreign Policy Colloquium (see relations remains positive. The National Executive Assistant in the “boiler room” of the organization page 12), the Teachers Exchange Committee on U.S.-China Relations’ Tim Costello earn her the moniker “Unsung Heroine Program (see page 19), and the newly unique capabilities ensure that it will of the National Committee.” It has been announced Public Intellectuals Program continue to make important contributions Resident Scholar (through July 2004) a delight working with Jan and Ros, and (see our website) will enable younger toward this end. In the years ahead, Jason Kindopp with the other extremely dedicated generations of Americans and Chinese to although I will no longer be involved as members of the Committee team. find new ways of building mutually president, I look forward to doing what I The National Committee could not beneficial relations between the two can to help. ■ have achieved what it has without the countries. The National Committee on The National Committee on United States-China Relations United States-China Relations

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Winter / Spring 2005 Volume 33, Number 1