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Volume 26, Number 6

June 2002

Recommended publications

Does a Rival's Song Elicit Territorial Defense in a Tropical Songbird, The

ABC 2017, 4(2):146-153 Animal Behavior and Cognition https://doi.org/10.12966/abc.02.05.2017 ©Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) Does a Rival’s Song Elicit Territorial Defense in a Tropical Songbird, the Pied Bush Chat (Saxicola caprata)? Navjeevan Dadwal1* and Dinesh Bhatt1 1Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author (Email:[email protected]) Citation – Dadwal, N., & Bhatt, D. (2017). Does a rival’s song elicit territorial defense in a tropical songbird, the Pied Bush Chat (Saxicola caprata)? Animal Behavior and Cognition, 4(2), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.12966/ abc.02.05.2017 Abstract -The purpose of bird song and the way in which it is delivered has been argued to be adapted mainly for territorial defense. We performed a field experiment with the combination of playbacks and a model to test how much song actually relates to increased territorial defense in the territorial tropical songbird, the Pied Bush Chat, during breeding season (Feb–May, 2015) at Haridwar, Himalayan Foothills, India. As expected, the results of the experiment indicated that song was the major cue used by territory holders to cope with rival intrusions. The song rate was particularly escalated during simulated territorial interactions when the model was presented with a playback song of conspecifics. Behaviors such as restlessness (perch change), the height of perch, and distance from the model appeared to be of relatively lesser importance. To our knowledge, no avian species from the Indian subcontinent has been studied to provide evidence that song can escalate aggressive response by a territory owner.
Deciduous Forest Interior Birds Guild

Supplemental Volume: Species of Conservation Concern SC SWAP 2015 Deciduous Forest Interior Birds Guild Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula Hooded Warbler Setophaga americana Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia Northern Parula Setophaga americana Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea Black-throated Blue Warbler Setophaga caerulescens Summer Tanager Piranga rubra Black-throated Green Warbler (nominate race) Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Setophaga virens Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorus Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platyperus Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifroms Eastern Wood-pewee Contopus virens Yellow-throated Warbler Setophaga dominica NOTE: The Black-throated Green Warbler (nominate and Wayne’s) is covered in more detail in its own species account. Contributor (2005): Anna Huckabee Smith (SCDNR) Reviewed and Edited (2012): John Gerwin (NC Museum of Natural Sciences); (2013) Mary Catherine Martin (SCDNR) DESCRIPTION Taxonomy and Basic Description The species described in this report are in the perching bird order, Passeriformes, and represent 8 families: Icteridae (blackbirds), Cuculidae (cuckoos), Parulidae (wood warblers), Thraupidae (tanagers), Turdidae (thrushes), Vireonidae (vireos), Tyrannidae (pewees), and Accipitridae (hawks, kites, eagles). Currently accepted names for the Wood Thrush, Worm-eating Warbler, and Scarlet Tanager are from Gmelin (1789), while the Eastern Wood-pewee was first described by Linnaeus in 1766. The Baltimore Oriole was first described by Mark Catesby in 1731, and Linnaeus named it in 1758 (Rising and Flood 1998). Alexander Wilson first described the Black- billed Cuckoo in 1811, and the Yellow-billed Cuckoo was described by Linnaeus in 1758. The Black-and-White Warbler was first named by Linnaeus in 1766.
Breeding Ecology of Barred Owls in the Central Appalachians

BREEDING ECOLOGY OF BARRED OWLS IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS ABSTRACT- Eight pairs of breedingBarred Owls (Strix varia) in westernMaryland were studied. Nest site habitat was sampledand quantifiedusing a modificationof theJames and Shugart(1970) technique (see Titus and Mosher1981). Statisticalcomparison to 76 randomhabitat plots showed nest sites werb in moremature forest stands and closer to forest openings.There was no apparent association of nestsites with water. Cavity dimensions were compared statistically with 41 randomlyselected cavities. Except for cavityheight, there were no statistically significant differences between them. Smallmammals comprised 65.9% of the totalnumber of prey itemsrecorded, of which81.5% were members of the familiesCricetidae and Soricidae. Birds accounted for 14.6%of theprey items and crayfish and insects 19.5%. We also recordedan apparentinstance of juvenile cannibalism. Thirteennestlings were produced in 7 nests,averaging 1.9 young per nest.Only 2 of 5 nests,where the outcome was known,fledged young. The Barred Owl (Strix varia) is a common noc- STUDY AREA AND METHODS turnal raptor in forestsof the easternUnited States, The studywas conducted in Green Ridge State Forest (GRSF), though few detailedstudies of it havebeen pub- Allegany County, Maryland. It is within the Ridge and Valley lished.Most reportsare of singlenesting occurr- physiographicregion (Stoneand Matthews 1977), characterized by narrowmountain ridges oriented northeast to southwestsepa- encesand general observations(Bolles 1890; Carter rated by steepnarrow valleys(see Titus 1980). 1925; Henderson 1933; Robertson 1959; Brown About 74% of the countyand nearly all of GRSF is forested 1962; Caldwell 1972; Hamerstrom1973; Appel- Major foresttypes were describedby Brushet al. (1980).Predom- gate 1975; Soucy 1976; Bird and Wright 1977; inant tree speciesinclude white oak (Quercusalba), red oak (Q.
Scarlet Tanager Piranga Olivacea

Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea In most Ohio counties, Scarlets are the most numerous residents north through Hocking, Athens, and Washington resident tanager. While they are outnumbered by Summer counties, and as fairly common along the remainder of the Tanagers in a few counties bordering the Ohio River, especially plateau (Hicks 1937). During subsequent decades, local declines Lawrence, Scioto, and Adams counties as well as the Cincinnati have been evident in the farmlands of western and central Ohio area (Kemsies and Randle 1953, Peterjohn 1989a), Scarlets easily where agricultural activities have eliminated most suitable predominate in the remainder of the state. Based on Breeding woodlands. Conversely, reforestation has allowed their numbers Bird Survey data, Scarlets are most numerous along the entire to expand within the unglaciated counties (Peterjohn 1989a). In Allegheny Plateau while fewer are found elsewhere. This pattern fact, Breeding Bird Surveys indicated Scarlet Tanagers were of relative abundance reflects the widespread availability of increasing within Ohio and throughout the Great Lakes region suitable woodlands along the plateau contrasted with the more between 1965 and 1979 (Robbins, C. S., et al. 1986). local distribution of these habitats in the other counties. Breeding Scarlet Tanagers occupy the canopies of mature deciduous woodlands. At Buckeye Lake, Trautman (1940) claimed they preferred beech–oak–maple woods rather than swamp forests. In the Cleveland area, however, Williams (1950) found breeding pairs in every woodland community including wooded residential areas. Their widespread distribution during the Atlas Project also indicated these tanagers occupy most deciduous woodland communities. Breeding pairs definitely prefer mature forests with closed canopies.
Summer Tanager (Piranga Rubra) Jack Reinoehl

Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra) Jack Reinoehl (Click to view a comparison of Atlas I to II) Oklahoma. 4/24/2009 © Elizabeth Rogers The typical breeding range of this species is to in New York and Wisconsin (Cutright et al. 2006, McGowan and Corwin 2008). In Ohio the south of Michigan. The nominate race and Indiana, this tanager starts to appear widely breeds in the deciduous woodlands of the about 50 to 100 miles north of the Ohio River. southeastern United States and the western race North of there, it is found in only about 1% of cooperi in riparian habitat in the southwestern the blocks within 100 miles of Michigan in United States and northern Mexico (Howell and those states (Castrale et al. 1998, Peterjohn and Webb 1995). Its winter range extends from Rice 1991). Breeding Bird Survey data shows it Mexico to South America; this is the most likely reaching its greatest density of occurrence south tanager to be found in the eastern United States of the Ohio River (Sauer et al. 2008). in winter (Robinson 1996). In MBBA I, the Summer Tanager was found in Distribution eight blocks in seven counties. Five of these At the time of MBBA I, the Summer Tanager seven counties were in the extreme southern was “not known to nest in Michigan” (Adams tier; breeding status of probable was reported 1991). This was still the case at the start of only from Hillsdale County, the remaining MBBA II (Chartier and Ziarno 2004). In 2006 being reported as possible. In MBBA II, only and 2007, a pair of Summer Tanagers was three counties reported this species – Berrien, present at Warren Dunes State Park in Berrien Kalamazoo and Washtenaw – with nesting County.
Siberian Blue Robin Larvivora Cyane from the Barak Valley of Assam with a Status Update for India

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338137338 Siberian Blue Robin Larvivora cyane from the Barak Valley of Assam with a status update for India Article in Indian BIRDS · December 2019 CITATIONS READS 0 7 2 authors: Rejoice Gassah Vijay Anand Ismavel Makunda Christian Hospital 4 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS 22 PUBLICATIONS 12 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Neglected health problems in rural India View project Biodiversity Documentation View project All content following this page was uploaded by Vijay Anand Ismavel on 24 December 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Correspondence 123 peninsular India (Grimmett et al. 2011; Rasmussen & Anderton minY=11.103753465762485&env.maxX=93.01342361450202&env.maxY=12.31963 2012; eBird 2019). This species is a common winter visitor to 3103994705&zh=true&gp=true&ev=Z&mr=on&bmo=1&emo=1&yr=cur&byr=2019 Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Tonkin (Robson 2008). &eyr=2019. [Accessed on: 19 January 2019.] DeCandido, R., Subedi, T., Siponen, M., Sutasha, K., Pierce, A., Nualsri, C., & Round, P. D., 2013. Flight identification of Milvus migrans lineatus ‘Black-eared’ Kite and Milvus migrans govinda ‘Pariah’ Kite in Nepal and Thailand. BirdingASIA 20: 32–36. Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C., & Inskipp, T., 2011. Birds of the Indian Subcontinent. 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press & Christopher Helm. Pp. 1–528. Rasmussen, P. C., & Anderton, J. C., 2012. Birds of South Asia: the Ripley guide: field guide. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.
Further Evidence for the Breeding of the Summer Tanager in Canada by P

108 Further Evidence for the Breeding of the Summer Tanager in Canada by P. Allen Woodliffe The Summer Tanager (Piranga Ontario. Only one other "summer" rubra) is considered to be rare in record occurred during the five Canada, with casual records from years of the Ontario Breeding Bird southern Manitoba and southwest Atlas project, that being in 1983 ern Quebec (Godfrey 1986). It when a singing male was recorded in occurs more frequently in southern late May at the Royal Botanical New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Gardens in Hamilton, Regional Ontario. In Ontario it has recently Municipality of Hamilton- been recorded annually during . Wentworth (Woodliffe 1987). The spring migration at various localities spring of 1985 saw a minor influx of along the north shore of Lake Erie. Summer Tanagers at Rondeau, At Point Pelee National Park, Essex involving at least five different birds Co., for example, an average of7.2 from 1-9 May. Two of the five birds birds were observed in spring for were females. There was a lull in the years 1978-87, inclusive observations until 26 May when a (Wormington 1978,1979,1980, male and female were noted in the 1981, 1982, 1984; Runtz 1983; Pratt park's sighting book as being seen and Pratt 1985; Hince 1986; Pratt along the South Point Trail. There 1987). During this period the earli were no further records until 8 July, est date noted was April 20 and the when Dr. Richard Knapton excitedly latest was May 27. reported observing a pair along the At Rondeau Provincial Park, Ken t South Point Trail.
Letter from the Director Dear MRBO Members and Friends

Letter from the Director Dear MRBO members and friends, It’s been an incredibly busy and productive few months here at MRBO. We had hoped to get this newsletter out to you in June – but there were so many great opportunities to pursue, and the migration and breeding windows are so short, field work was the order of the hour, every hour! Dana Ripper Director Marshbird surveys continued throughout April – June, while spring migration monitoring lasted until the end of May, when we imme- diately phased into the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survi- Ethan Duke vorship (MAPS) project on the prairies. This is the second year Assistant Director of the MAPS program, which we conduct on Grandfather, Paintbrush, and Ionia Ridge Conservation Areas just south of Sedalia, MO. This summer came with the exciting ad- Board of Directors dition of surveys on the Missouri Department of Conservation’s Mora and Hi-Lonesome prairies, which represents a unique opportunity to follow up with management evalu- Seth Gallagher ation first started in 2006. As all of these prairies undergo restoration and intensive management by the MDC; we at MRBO have the pleasure of assessing bird response to Chairman these habitat changes. Lynn Schaffer Another exciting opportunity arose late May, when we were contacted by Audubon Secretary Chicago Region. MRBO was privileged with the chance to conduct bird surveys on private grasslands in Missouri, Nebraska, and Kansas throughout the month of June. Diane Benedetti The goal of Audubon’s programs is to increase the marketability of pasture-finished beef by certifying it “Bird-Friendly” – hence the need to determine if the cattle ranches Fundraising Chair are indeed supporting prairie birds.
Biological Resources and Management

Vermilion flycatcher The upper Muddy River is considered one of the Mojave’s most important Common buckeye on sunflower areas of biodiversity and regionally Coyote (Canis latrans) Damselfly (Enallagma sp.) (Junonia coenia on Helianthus annuus) important ecological but threatened riparian landscapes (Provencher et al. 2005). Not only does the Warm Springs Natural Area encompass the majority of Muddy River tributaries it is also the largest single tract of land in the upper Muddy River set aside for the benefit of native species in perpetuity. The prominence of water in an otherwise barren Mojave landscape provides an oasis for regional wildlife. A high bird diversity is attributed to an abundance of riparian and floodplain trees and shrubs. Contributions to plant diversity come from the Mojave Old World swallowtail (Papilio machaon) Desertsnow (Linanthus demissus) Lobe-leaved Phacelia (Phacelia crenulata) Cryptantha (Cryptantha sp.) vegetation that occur on the toe slopes of the Arrow Canyon Range from the west and the plant species occupying the floodplain where they are supported by a high water table. Several marshes and wet meadows add to the diversity of plants and animals. The thermal springs and tributaries host an abundance of aquatic species, many of which are endemic. The WSNA provides a haven for the abundant wildlife that resides permanently or seasonally and provides a significant level of protection for imperiled species. Tarantula (Aphonopelma spp.) Beavertail cactus (Opuntia basilaris) Pacific tree frog (Pseudacris regilla)
Preliminary Systematic Notes on Some Old World Passerines

Kiv. ital. Orn., Milano, 59 (3-4): 183-195, 15-XII-1989 STOBRS L. OLSON PRELIMINARY SYSTEMATIC NOTES ON SOME OLD WORLD PASSERINES TIPOGKAFIA FUSI - PAVIA 1989 Riv. ital. Ora., Milano, 59 (3-4): 183-195, 15-XII-1989 STORRS L. OLSON (*) PRELIMINARY SYSTEMATIC NOTES ON SOME OLD WORLD PASSERINES Abstract. — The relationships of various genera of Old World passerines are assessed based on osteological characters of the nostril and on morphology of the syrinx. Chloropsis belongs in the Pycnonotidae. Nicator is not a bulbul and is returned to the Malaconotidae. Neolestes is probably not a bulbul. The Malagasy species placed in the genus Phyllastrephus are not bulbuls and are returned to the Timaliidae. It is confirmed that the relationships of Paramythia, Oreocharis, Malia, Tylas, Hyper - gerus, Apalopteron, and Lioptilornis (Kupeornis) are not with the Pycnonotidae. Trochocercus nitens and T. cycmomelas are monarchine flycatchers referable to the genus TerpsiphoTie. « Trochocercus s> nigromitratus, « T. s> albiventer, and « T. » albo- notatus are tentatively referred to Elminia. Neither Elminia nor Erythrocercus are monarch] nes and must be removed from the Myiagridae (Monarchidae auct.). Grai- lina and Aegithina- are monarch flycatchers referable to the Myiagridae. Eurocephalus belongs in the Laniinae, not the Prionopinae. Myioparus plumbeus is confirmed as belonging in the Muscicapidae. Pinarornis lacks the turdine condition of the syrinx. It appears to be most closely related to Neoeossypha, Stizorhina, and Modulatrix, and these four genera are placed along with Myadestes in a subfamily Myadestinae that is the primitive sister-group of the remainder of the Muscicapidae, all of which have a derived morphology of the syrinx.
Breeding Habits, Nestling Development, and Vocalizations In

rdn bt, tln vlpnt, nd lztn n th Sr nr ELOISE F. POTTER Abstract. A pair of Summer Tanagers (Piranga rubra) nested near Zebulon, Wake County, N.C., in the spring of 1983. Nest contents were examined almost daily from 21 May, the first day of incubation, through fledging of the young on 12 June. Incubation and nestling periods were determined. Parental behavior, development and behavior of nestlings, and vocalizations are described. Results are compared with observations of other nests of the species from the same area. Evidence indicating rearing of second broods is summarized. Although the Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra) a common breeding bird across most of the southern United States, very little is known about its nesting habits and development of the young. Several recent general works (.. Harrison 1975, C. Harrison 1978, Potter et al. 1980) add little to the account in Bent (1958), which gives the incubation period as "said to be 12 days," a statement apparently based on Audubon (1840). Wisely omitting Audubon's belief that the male and female sit upon the eggs alternately, Bent concludes, "Information on the development and care of the young seems to be lacking, beyond the fact, mentioned by Weston (MS.), that both sexes are known to feed the young." Although the Summer Tanager is generally assumed to be single-brooded, Mengel (1964) mentions an apparently mated male "feeding grown young" in the territory of an incubating female on 24 June. In North Carolina the Summer Tanager breeds in residential districts and open woodlands statewide, though it is found in the mountains mostly below 2,000 feet (Potter et al.
Wildlife CONSERVATION Vantage Point Working to Conserve All Wildlife

October 2005 Volume 66 MISSOURI Issue 10 CONSERVATIONISTServing Nature & You Special Issue All Wildlife CONSERVATION Vantage Point Working to Conserve All Wildlife his edition of the Conservationist is devoted to the theme of “All Wildlife Conservation.” It highlights a renewed Department focus to conserve a broad Tarray of wildlife and plants in recognition that all living things are part of a complex system. I first learned the phrase “web of life” in high school at about the same time I watched Neil Armstrong walk on the moon! Our biology class took a field trip to Peck Ranch Conservation Area to observe Conservation Department efforts to restore wild turkey in Missouri. In those days, Peck Ranch was a wildlife refuge man- Ornithologist Andy Forbes (right) guides Director John aged for turkeys and other species used to stock areas of Hoskins on a birdwatch near Jefferson City. the state where population restoration was thought pos- sible. The busy refuge manager, Willard Coen, explained landscape changes are not clearly understood, but we the type of vegetation turkeys preferred and showed us do know that addressing them is an essential part of the cannon-net technique he used to trap the live birds. any effective action plan. He topped the trip off by showing a Department movie Fortunately, conservation employees do not face called “Return of the Wild Turkey” created by Glenn these challenges alone. Many partners are committed Chambers, and Elizabeth and Charles Schwartz. to sharing resources and achieving common goals. Obviously, that field trip over thirty years ago left an First and foremost, individual landowners are impression about the management of turkeys.