Early Permian Ostracods from Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan

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ARTICLE in PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH · JUNE 2012 Impact Factor: 0.47 · DOI: 10.2517/1342-8144-16.2.088

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Gengo Tanaka Aihua Yuan Kumamoto University China University of Geosciences

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Masahiro Ichida Haruyoshi Maeda Kyoto University Kyushu University

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Available from: Aihua Yuan Retrieved on: 15 October 2015 Early Permian Ostracods from Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan Author(s): Gengo Tanaka, Teruo Ono, Aihua Yuan, Masahiro Ichida and Haruyoshi Maeda Source: Paleontological Research, 16(2):88-106. 2012. Published By: The Palaeontological Society of Japan DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2517/1342-8144-16.2.088 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2517/1342-8144-16.2.088

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BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Paleontological88 Research, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 88–106, June 30,Gengo 2012 Tanaka et al. © by the Palaeontological Society of Japan doi:10.2517/1342-8144-16.2.088

Early Permian ostracods from Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan

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1Gunma Museum of Natural History, 1674-1 Kamikuroiwa, Tomioka, Gunma 370-2345, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) 21552-141, Honden, Mizuho City, Gifu 501-0236, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) 3Key Laboratory of Bio- and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074 China (e-mail: [email protected]) 4Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected])

Received May 17, 2011; Revised manuscript accepted October 21, 2011

Abstract. The Early Permian organic-rich black coloured limestone from Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, FHQWUDO-DSDQZDVVDPSOHGIRURVWUDFRGV(OHYHQVSHFLHVEHORQJLQJWRVL[JHQHUDZHUHLGHQWL¿HG7KLVRVWUD- FRGDVVHPEODJHLVWKH¿UVWUHSRUWRI3DODHR]RLFVSHFLHVIURPFHQWUDO-DSDQ1LQHVSHFLHVDUHQHZAmphissites gifuensis Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov., Aurikirkbya miyakei Tanaka and Ono sp. nov., Glyptopleura mugiensis Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov., Bairdia fujisan Tanaka and Maeda sp. nov., Bairdia ikeyai Tanaka sp. nov., Bairdia spindlica Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov., Bairdia minoensis Tanaka and Ono sp. nov., Microcheilinella subovata Tanaka and Maeda sp. nov., and Microcheilinella tsubogawensis Tanaka and Ichida sp. nov.

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Introduction this taxon as an extinct group of bivalved Arthropoda. In the present study, we have followed their opinion and The study of Japanese Palaeozoic Ostracoda was excluded the Leperditicopida from the Ostracoda. inspired by Ishizaki (1963), who described 14 species Some sixty species of Palaeozoic ostracods have now from the Carboniferous Nagaiwa Formation of north- been reported from Japan. The number of described eastern Japan. He subsequently (1964a) reported anothor species from Palaeozoic strata from Japan is extremely 22 species, including 15 new ones from the Middle low compared with those in other countries. The number Permian Iwaizaki Limestone from northeastern Japan, and of Cenozoic to Recent ostracod species described from 9 new species (Ishizaki, 1964b) from the Carboniferous Japan and its adjacent areas amounts to over 900 species strata around Japan. Three years later (Ishizaki, 1967) (Ikeya et al., 2003). Our Japanese Palaeozoic Ostracoda he reported 12 new species from the Carboniferous Research Team has investigated Palaeozoic strata around Tassobe Formation, northeastern Japan, and then in Japan and found many fossil localities containing 1968 described 2 new species from the Carboniferous RVWUDFRGVSHFLPHQV7KHDLPRIWKHWHDPLVWR¿QGDQG Takezawa Formation, northeastern Japan (Ishizaki, describe Palaeozoic ostracods from Japan. The present 1968). Adachi and Igo (1980) reported a new genus and VWXG\LVWKH¿UVWUHSRUWRI(DUO\3HUPLDQRVWUDFRGVIURP species, Palaeoleperditia fukujiensis, from the Devonian central Japan. (see Kurihara, 2003) Yoshiki Formation of Fukuji, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. However, according to Vannier Geological Setting et al. (2001) and Williams and Siveter (2008), the Leperditicopida are not Ostracoda, rather they classify Middle Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous sedimentary

䚓 Figure 1. A, B, index map and route map of the study area in the Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (B, after a 1:25,000 scale topographic map Kami-asou published by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan); C,JHRORJLFDOPDSDURXQGWKHVWXG\DUHD PRGL¿HGIURP0L]XWDQLDQG.RLGR Permian ostracodes from Japan 89 90 Gengo Tanaka et al.

Figure 2. Characteristic fusulinoidean foraminifers from an organic-rich black limestone slab from the Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. 1, Pseudofusulina paratschernyschewi Kanuma; 2, Parafusulina sp; 3, Misellina cf. parvicostata (Deprat); 4, Mesoschuber- tella sp. A. Scale A for 1, 2; B for 3, 4.

rocks and associated Permian bedded cherts, limestones otai (Sakaguchi and Sugano, 1966) Zone which indicates and basalts are widely distributed in the Mino district, DPLGGOH%RORULDQDJH ODWH(DUO\3HUPLDQ central area of Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (Figure 1). Based on a region enclosed by faults, four geological Materials and methods units have been recognised in the Mino district: Nabi 8QLW)XQDIXVH\DPD8QLW.DQD\DPD8QLWDQG.DPLDVR A total of about 10 kg of organic-rich black limestone 8QLW :DNLWD 7KLV VWXG\ DUHD LV D SDUW RI WKH slabs was collected from the Tani-gawa River, a branch .DPLDVR 8QLW ZKLFK LV FKDUDFWHULVHG E\ DQ DVVHPEO\ of the Tsubo-gawa River, Tominoho, Mugi County, of tectonic slices composed of ‘toishi (which means Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. The Permian black whetstone in Japanese)’ type siliceous claystone, bedded limestones are exposed in the northwestern part of this chert, siliceous mudstone, alternating sandstone and locality (Figure 1C). The slabs used in this study may be mudstone, and massive sandstone, in ascending order. GHULYHGIURPWKDWUHJLRQ(DFKODUJHVODEZDVVSOLWLQWR The brecciated conglomerates are dispersed in the approximately 1–2 cubic centimetre(s), and dried in an Tominoho area located in the northern part of Mugi oven at 60ºC. Dried rock samples, of 80 g each, from a County (Figure 1B, C). Most of the gravels in the total of 12 samples were placed on a 16 mesh (1 mm) conglomerate are cherts. Gravels of siliceous mudstone, VLHYHDWWDFKHGEHORZWRDPHVK ȝP VLHYHDQG mudstone, sandstone, shale, limestone and basalt also DUUDQJHGLQDEXFNHWZKHUHWKHVLHYHVZHUH¿OOHGZLWK occur. 5% acetic acid. The bucket remained standing for about Fusulinoidean foraminifers were recovered from two weeks at room temperature. After that, the sieves a drifted organic-rich black limestone slab (Figure were picked up and rinsed in water inside a big bucket 7KH VSHFLHV LGHQWL¿HG LQFOXGH Pseudofusulina to remove the acetic acid from the residue that contained paratschernyschewi Kanuma, Pseudofusulina sp., Para- the ostracod fossils. The residues were collected into a fusulina sp., Misellina cf. parvicostata (Deprat), beaker and dried in an oven at 60º for three days. The Schubertellidae? gen. et sp. indet., Mesoschubertella sp. specimens were picked under a binocular microscope A, and Mesoschubertella VS % $FFRUGLQJ WR 8HQR 1LNRQ60=$ DW;PDJQL¿FDWLRQDQGVWRUHGLQ (1991, 1996), M. cf. parvicostata (Deprat) occurs in the faunal slides. middle part of the Misellina (Brevaxina) dyhrenfurthi Permian ostracodes from Japan 91

Systematic Palaeontology Table 1. Fossil ostracods from the Middle Permian limestone from the Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan.

The morphological terms used are based on Moore species name N (1961) and Scott (1961). The following abbreviations are used in the descriptions: L = length, H = height, W = Amphissites gifuensis sp. nov. 27 Aurikirkbya miyakei sp. nov. 30 width, N = number of specimen. Aurikirkbya sp. 1 A total of 308 specimens belonging to 11 species were Bairdia fujisan sp. nov. 28 found from the residues (Table 1). The leading species is Bairdia ikeyai sp. nov. 41 Bairdia minoensis sp. nov., followed by Bairdia ikeyai Bairdia minoensis sp. nov. 90 sp. nov., Bairdia spindlica sp. nov., Aurikirkbya miyakei Bairdia spindlica sp. nov. 41 Glyptopleura mugiensis sp. nov. 30 sp. nov. and Glyptopleura mugiensis sp. nov. Thus, Kellettina sp. 1 the assemblage is characterized by the genus Bairdia. Microcheilinella subovata sp. nov. 11 All illustrated specimens have been deposited in the Microcheilinella tsubogawensis sp. nov. 8 Micropaleontology Collection, National Museum of total 308 Nature and Science, Japan (MPC-number).

Order Palaeocopida Henningsmoen, 1953 Suborder Beyrichicopina Scott, 1961 dorsal view, carapace ovate, widest at a third of length 6XSHUIDPLO\.LUNE\RLGHD8OULFKDQG%DVVOHU away from posterior end, pointed at anterior end. A Family Amphissitidae Knight, 1928 pair of dorsal ridges runs parallel to the hinge line. In Genus Amphissites Girty, 1910 ventral view, carapace subovate, broadest at point near mid-height; one prominent velate ridge runs parallel to Amphissites gifuensis Tanaka and Yuan, sp. nov. carapace outline. In anterior and posterior views, velate ridges of right and left valves merge at antero- and Figure 3.1 and 3.2 posterodorsal areas showing a reverse V-shape. Etymology.—Named after Gifu Prefecture from which Remarks.—This species differs from Amphissites the type specimens were recovered. nodosus Scott and Borger, 1941 from the Pennsylvanian Type specimens.—Holotype: MPC-03636 (carapace; 0F/HDQVERUR *URXS ,OOLQRLV 86$ LQ LWV GHYHORSHG / ȝP+ ȝP: ȝP 3DUDW\SH03& dorsal ridge and hump, and rounded small pit situated FDUDSDFH/ ȝP+ ȝP: ȝP ventromedianly. A. gifuensis sp. nov. is distinguished Type locality.—A drifted muddy limestone slab from from Croftsendella giffordensis Bless, 1974 reported the Tani-gawa River, a branch of the Tsubo-gawa River, IURPWKH8SSHU&DUERQLIHURXVRIWKH%ULVWRO'LVWULFW8. Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (35°58’N, (Becker, 1997), in the straight dorsal outline, prominent ¶( YHODWHULGJHDQG¿QHUHWLFXODWLRQ7KHSUHVHQWQHZVSHFLHV Material.—Adult carapaces (N = 9), A-1 stage cara- somewhat resembles Kirkbya sp. 3 from the uppermost paces (N = 7), A-2 stage carapace (N = 1) (Figure 4). Permian of Anhui Province, China (Yuan et al., 2009), Diagnosis.—Carapace reticulated except for anterodor- however, it has no carina along the ventral margin. sal and posterodorsal areas, one prominent concentric velate ridge parallel to free margins. One dorsal ridge on )DPLO\.LUNE\LGDH8OULFKDQG%DVVOHU the left valve and one dorsal ridge on the right valve run Genus Aurikirkbya Sohn, 1950 parallel to the hinge line. Aurikirkbya miyakei Tanaka and Ono, sp. nov. Description.—Carapace suboblong in lateral view. Figure 3.3 and 3.4 Anterior and posterior cardinal angles a little greater than 90°. In lateral view, posterior margin narrowly rounded Etymology.—In honour of Yukio Miyake (Gifu with infracurvature; dorsal margin straight to slightly Prefecture, Japan), who discovered many ostracods by convex in posterior due to the presence of a hump; etching limestone from the type locality. ventral margin broadly convex; posterior margin almost Type specimens.—Holotype: MPC-03638 (left valve; straight. Carapace reticulated except for anterodorsal / ȝP + ȝP : ȝP 3DUDW\SH and posterodorsal areas, one prominent concentric 03& OHIWYDOYH/ ȝP+ ȝP: velate ridge developed between anterior and posterior ȝP margins. Prominent rounded small pit (possibly outer Type locality.—A drifted muddy limestone slab from side of adductor muscle scar; S2 of Scott, 1961) situated the Tani-gawa River, a branch of the Tsubo-gawa River, YHQWURPHGLDQO\ (\H VSRW REVHUYHG DQWHURGRUVDOO\ ,Q Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (35°58’N, 92 Gengo Tanaka et al. Permian ostracodes from Japan 93

ȣP Amphissites gifuensis sp. nov.

Adult

A-1 stage Height A-2 stage Holotype Paratype Length ȣP

Figure 4. Length and height values of ontogenetic stages of Amphissites gifuensis Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov.

¶( hollow spines developed along free margins. In dorsal Material.—Adult left valves (N = 5), A-1 stage left view left valve widest at middle, pointed at anterior end. valves (N = 4), A-2 stage left valve (N = 1)(Figure 5). In internal view, straight hinge line runs parallel to dorsal Diagnosis.—In lateral view, anterior margin curved margin. Adont hinge. No duplicature. Sexual dimorphism like the bow of a boat. Carapace reticulated except for the QRWLGHQWL¿HG anterodorsal and posterodorsal areas. Surface reticulation Remarks.—This species differs from Aurikirkbya WHQGVWREH¿QHUDWDQWHURGRUVDOSRVWHURGRUVDODQGPLG ventrocallosa %HFNHU DQG:DQJ IURP WKH 8SSHU dorsal to median areas. Posterodorsal lobe slightly more Permian strata of Sichuan Province, China by its more conspicuous than anterodorsal one. elongated lateral outline, anterior margin curved like the Description.—Carapace subsemicircular in lateral bow of a boat and surface reticulation which tends to be view. Anterior and posterior cardinal angles a little ¿QHULQWKHDQWHURGRUVDOSRVWHURGRUVDODQGPLGGRUVDOWR greater than 90°. In lateral view, anterior margin curved median areas. A. miyakei sp. nov. is distinguished from like the bow of a boat; posterior margin rounded with Coronakirkbya binodosa +DR IURP WKH 8SSHU infracurvature; dorsal margin slightly sinuous because of Permian Changhsing Formation of Guizhou province, the protuberance of anterior and posterior lobes; ventral China, by its more rounded lateral outline, lack of margin broadly convex. Carapace reticulate except for the protuberances at anterior and posterior cardinal angles, anterodorsal and posterodorsal areas, and the reticulation and coarser surface reticulation. The present new species WHQGV WR EH ¿QHU DW WKH DQWHURGRUVDO SRVWHURGRUVDO differs from Kirkbya atolla Ishizaki, 1964 from the and mid-dorsal to median areas. Two lobes developed Middle Permian Iwaizaki Limestone, northeastern Japan anterodorsally and posterodorsally, respectively. E\KDYLQJDOHVVLQÀDWHGYDOYHDQGFRDUVHUUHWLFXODWLRQ Posterodorsal lobe slightly more conspicuous than anterodorsal one. Prominent rounded small pit (possible outer side of adductor muscle scar; S2 of Scott, 1961) VLWXDWHGDWPHGLDQDUHD(\HVSRWQRWREVHUYHG'HQWLFOHV well developed along the free margins. A line with

䚓 Figure 3. 6(0PLFURJUDSKVRIWZRQHZSDODHRFRSLGRVWUDFRGVSHFLHVIURP0XJL&RXQW\*LIX3UHIHFWXUHFHQWUDO-DSDQ1, 2, Am- phissites gifuensis Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov.; 1, holotype MPC-03636; 1a, left lateral view; 1b, right lateral view; 1c, anterior view; 1d, posterior view; 1e, dorsal view; 1f, ventral view; 2, paratype MPC-03637; 2a, left lateral view; 2b, right lateral view; 2c, anterior view; 2d, posterior view; 2e, dorsal view; 2f, ventral view; 3, 4, left valves of Aurikirkbya miyakei Tanaka and Ono sp. nov.; 3, holotype MPC-03638; 3a, left lateral view; 3b, dorsal view; 3c, internal view; 4, paratype MPC-03639. 94 Gengo Tanaka et al.

ȣP Aurikirkbya miyakei sp. nov.

Adult A-1 stage Height A-2 stage Holotype Length ȣP

Figure 5. Length and height values of ontogenetic stages of Aurikirkbya miyakei Tanaka and Ono sp. nov.

Suborder Kloedenellocopina Scott, 1961 on right valve run parallel to hinge line. Family Glyptopleuridae Girty, 1910 Description.—Carapace subquadrate in lateral view. Genus Glyptopleura Girty, 1910 Anterior and posterior cardinal angles obtuse and Glyptopleura mugiensis Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov. greater than 90°. In lateral view, anterior margin evenly rounded with infracurvature; dorsal margin sinuous and Figure 6.1 and 6.2 slightly concave at the middle; ventral margin broadly Etymology.—Named after Mugi County from which convex; posterior margin truncated dorsally and rounded the type specimens were recovered. ventrally. Three strong ridges run from mid-anterior area Type specimens.—Holotype: MPC-03640 (carapace; to posterodorsal and mid-posterior area, nearly parallel to / ȝP+ ȝP: ȝP 3DUDW\SH03& each other: most of the dorsal ridge is prominent and runs FDUDSDFH/ ȝP+ ȝP: ȝP from the mid-anterior area to the front of the posterior Type locality.—A drifted muddy limestone slab from cardinal angle; middle ridge runs from mid-anterior area the Tani-gawa River, a branch of the Tsubo-gawa River, to median area, from posteromedian area to posterior Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (35°58’N, of the posterior cardinal angle; most of the ventral ¶( ridge runs from the mid-anterior area to mid-posterior Material.—Adult carapaces (N = 13), A-1 stage cara- area. Prominent rounded small pit (possibly outer side paces (N = 2), A-2 stage carapace (N = 1)(Figure 7). of adductor muscle scar; S2 of Scott, 1961) situated on Diagnosis.—In lateral view, anterior margin evenly WKHPHGLDQDUHD(\HVSRWQRWREVHUYHG,QGRUVDOYLHZ rounded with infracurvature; dorsal margin sinuous and FDUDSDFH DUURZKHDGVKDSHG ZLGHVW DW D ¿IWK RI OHQJWK slightly concave at the middle; ventral margin broadly from posterior end, pointed at anterior and posterior convex; posterior margin truncated dorsally and rounded ends. Right valve overlaps left valve at anterior cardinal ventrally. In dorsal view, carapace with arrowhead angle and along the free margins. One dorsal ridge on outline. Three strong and nearly parallel ridges run from left valve and one dorsal ridge on right valve run parallel mid-anterior area to posterodorsal and mid-posterior to the hinge line. Outline of carapace arrowhead-shaped area. One dorsal ridge on left valve and one dorsal ridge in ventral view. Velate ridge runs parallel to each valve

䚓 Figure 6. 6(0PLFURJUDSKVRIWZRQHZRVWUDFRGVSHFLHVIURP0XJL&RXQW\*LIX3UHIHFWXUHFHQWUDO-DSDQ1, 2, Glyptopleura mugiensis Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov.; 1, paratype MPC-03640; 1a, left lateral view; 1b, right lateral view; 1c, anterior view; 1d, posterior view; 1e, dorsal view; 1f, ventral view; 2, holotype MPC-03641; 2a, left lateral view; 2b, right lateral view; 2c, anterior view; 2d, posterior view; 2e, dorsal view; 2f, ventral view; 3, 4, Bairdia fujisan Tanaka and Maeda sp. nov.; 3, holotype MPC-03642; 3a, left lateral view; 3b, right lateral view; 3c, posterior view; 3d, dorsal view; 3e, ventral view. Permian ostracodes from Japan 95 96 Gengo Tanaka et al.

ȣP Glyptopleura mugiensis sp. nov.

Adult

Height A-1 stage

A-2 stage Holotype Paratype Length ȣP

Figure 7. Length and height values of ontogenetic stages of Glyptopleura mugiensis Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov.

RXWOLQH ,Q DQWHULRU DQG SRVWHULRU YLHZV ¿YH SDLUV RI Diagnosis.—In lateral view, anterior margin protrudes ridges are visible, creating a round, chestnut-like outline at mid-height, upper half of margin straight and connects with 10 protruding points. with dorsal margin at a blunt angle, lower half of margin Remarks.—This species differs from Glyptopleura curved like the bow of a boat. Anterior end higher and inopinata &RU\HOODQG-RKQVRQ IURPWKH8SSHU more rounded than posterior. Left valve with weakly 0LVVLVVLSSLDQRIWKH86$LQLWVWKUHHSURPLQHQWULGJHV developed bow-shaped projection. Dorsal and ventral and arrowhead outline in dorsal and ventral views. G. margins straight. mugiensis sp. nov. is distinguished from G. adunca Description.—Carapace subtrapezoidal in lateral view. &URQHLV DQG 7KXUPDQ UHSRUWHG IURP WKH 8SSHU Left valve larger than right valve and overlaps it along 0LVVLVVLSSLDQ.LQNDLG)RUPDWLRQ86$LQWKHRYHUODS dorsal, anterior and ventral margins. In lateral view, by the right valve of the left valve at the anterior cardinal anterior margin protrudes at mid-height, upper half of angle and along the free margins. margin straight and connects with dorsal margin in a blunt angle, lower half of margin curved like the bow of a boat; Order Podocopida Sars, 1866 dorsal and ventral margins straight; posterior margin Suborder Podocopina Sars, 1866 truncated dorsally and rounded ventrally. Anterior end Superfamily Bairdioidea Sars, 1887 higher and more rounded than posterior. A weak ridge Family Bairdiidae Sars, 1887 develops midventrally along the ventral margin. Surface Genus Bairdia McCoy, 1844 of carapace smooth. In dorsal view, lateral outlines symmetrically convex, spindle-shaped, widest at the Bairdia fujisan Tanaka and Maeda sp. nov. middle of the carapace, pointed at anterior and posterior ends, anterior end more acute than posterior. In ventral Figure 6.3 view, carapace spindle-shaped, contact margin sinuous Etymology.—Named after Mt. Fuji, which is similar in at the middle. Left valve with weakly developed bow- shape to the dorsal outline of the new species. shaped projection. In posterior view, carapace has the Type specimen.—Holotype: MPC-03642 (L = 1298 RXWOLQHRIDQDFXWHWULDQJOHZLWKDÀDWYHQWUDODUHD ȝP+ ȝP: ȝP Remarks.—This species differs from Ceratobairdia? Type locality.—A drifted muddy limestone slab from ambigua Ishizaki (1964) from the Middle Permian the Tani-gawa River, a branch of the Tsubo-gawa River, Iwaizaki Limestone, northeastern Japan in its straight Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (35°58’N, dorsal and ventral margins, upwardly directed anterior ¶( end in lateral view and extremely large left valve in Material.—Adult carapaces (N = 5), A-1 stage posterior view. This species is distinguished from carapaces (N = 6)(Figure 8). "?Bairdia anbeedei" Belousova (1965) in Yuan et al. Permian ostracodes from Japan 97

ȣP Bairdia fujisan sp. nov.

Adult Height A-1 stage

Holotype ȣP Length

Figure 8. Length and height values of ontogenetic stages of Bairdia fujisan Tanaka and Maeda sp. nov.

(2009) from the uppermost Permian of Guangxi, China, sinuate, connects with dorsal margin at a blunt angle, by its straight dorsal margin, higher carapace and outline lower half rounded with infracurvature. of the anterior and posterior ends. The present new Description.—Carapace subtrapezoidal in lateral species differs from Bairdia menardensis Harlton (1929) view. Left valve larger than right valve and overlaps of Chen (1958) reported from the Lower Permian Chihsia latter along dorsal and ventral margins. Anterior and Limestone, Nanking, China in its straight dorsal margin posterior cardinal angles obtuse and greater than 90°. and higher anterior than posterior end. B. fujisan sp. nov. In lateral view, anterior margin protrudes at mid-height, is distinguished from Bairdia hassi Sohn (1960) by its upper half of margin sinuous and connects with dorsal parallel dorsal and ventral margins. The new species margin at a blunt angle, lower half of margin rounded differs from Bairdia rhomboidalis Hamilton (1942) from with infracurvature; dorsal margin broadly arched; WKH8SSHU3HUPLDQRI7H[DVLQLWVVKRUWHUGRUVDOPDUJLQ ventral margin straight in left valve and sinuous in right and taller lateral outline. valve; posterior margin truncated dorsally and rounded ventrally. Anterior end higher and more rounded than Bairdia ikeyai Tanaka sp. nov. posterior. Surface of carapace smooth. In dorsal view, lateral outline asymmetrically convex, spindle-shaped, Figure 9.1 and 9.2 widest at the middle, anterior and posterior ends pointed, Etymology.—In honour of the late emeritus professor anterior end more acute than posterior. Left valve 1RUL\XNL,NH\D 6KL]XRND8QLYHUVLW\-DSDQ ZKRZDV overlaps right valve. In ventral view, carapace spindle- a specialist in the taxonomy of podocopid ostracods shaped, contact margin undulated at posterior third. around Japan. Carapace ornate in anterior view. Type specimens.—Holotype: MPC-03643 (carapace; L Remarks.—This species differs from Bairdia menar- ȝP+ ȝP: ȝP 3DUDW\SH03& densis Harlton (1929) of Chen (1958) from the Lower FDUDSDFH/ ȝP+ ȝP: Permian Chihsia Limestone of Lungtan, Nanking, ȝP China by its less overlapped left valve along the anterior Type locality.—A drifted muddy limestone slab from margin, more elevated anterior end and less truncated the Tani-gawa River, a branch of the Tsubo-gawa River, posterior end. This species is distinguished from Bairdia Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (35°58’N, pecosensis 'HOR IURP WKH 8SSHU &DUERQLIHURXV ¶( strata of West Texas by its greater height and valve length Material.—Adult carapaces (N = 4), A-1 stage carapace in lateral view, more broadly arched posteroventral (N = 1), A-2 stage carapaces (N = 5)(Figure 10). margin and arched dorsal margin in the right valve. The Diagnosis.—Left valve overlaps right valve along present new species differs from Bairdia (Rectobairdia) GRUVDODQGYHQWUDOPDUJLQV8SSHUKDOIRIDQWHULRUPDUJLQ sandulescui Crasquin-Soleau and Gradinaru (1996) 98 Gengo Tanaka et al. Permian ostracodes from Japan 99

ȣP Bairdia ikeyai sp. nov. Adult

A-1 stage Height

Holotype A-2 stage Paratype Length ȣP

Figure 10. Length and height values of ontogenetic stages of Bairdia ikeyai Tanaka sp. nov.

reported from the early Anisian strata of Romania by its Left valve larger than right valve and overlaps it all shorter dorsal margin, sinuous anterodorsal margin, and around. Anterior and posterior cardinal angles obtuse narrower, rounded anteroventral margin. and greater than 90°. In lateral view, anterior margin protrudes at a third of the maximum height below the Bairdia spindlica Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov. dorsal margin, anterodorsal margin concave and forms a blunt angle with dorsal margin, lower half of margin Figure 9.3 curved like the bow of a boat and meets ventral margin at Etymology.—Named after its outline in dorsal and a blunt angle; dorsal margin slightly convex in left valve ventral views. and straight in right valve; ventral margin straight in Type specimen.—Holotype: MPC-03645 (L = 1010 right valve and widely arched in left valve; posterior end ȝP+ ȝP: ȝP truncated and meets dorsal margin concavely and ventral Type locality.—A drifted muddy limestone slab from margin straight. Anterior end higher and better rounded the Tani-gawa River, a branch of the Tsubo-gawa River, than posterior. Weak ridge developed at mid-ventral Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (35°58’N, area parallel with dorsal margin. Surface of carapace ¶( smooth. In dorsal view, lateral outline symmetrically Material.—Adult carapaces (N = 5), A-1 stage convex, spindle-shaped, widest at the middle, anterior carapaces (N = 2), A-2 stage carapaces (N = 2), A-3 stage and posterior ends pointed, posterior end more acute carapace(Figure 11). than anterior. Left valve overlaps right valve. In ventral Diagnosis.—Carapace lips-shaped in lateral view. view, carapace spindle-shaped, contact margin rather Anterodorsal margin concave, forming a blunt angle undulated at the middle. An adventral ridge parallel to with dorsal margin, lower half of margin curved like the the mid-ventral margin. In anterior and posterior views, bow of a boat and meets ventral margin at a blunt angle. carapace ovate. Weak velate ridge developed at mid-ventral area parallel Remarks.—This species differs from Bairdia to dorsal margin. In dorsal view, posterior end more acute pseudoemaciata Ishizaki (1963) from the Carboniferous than anterior. Nagaiwa Formation, northeastern Japan in its concave Description.—Carapace lips-shaped in lateral view. posterodorsal outline, upwardly directed dorsal outline

䚓 Figure 9. 6(0 PLFURJUDSKV RI WZR QHZ RVWUDFRG VSHFLHV IURP 0XJL &RXQW\ *LIX 3UHIHFWXUH FHQWUDO -DSDQ 1, 2, Bairdia ikeyai Tanaka sp. nov.; 1, holotype MPC-03643; 1a, left lateral view; 1b, right lateral view; 1c, ventral view; 1d, anterior view; 2, paratype MPC- 03644; 2a, left lateral view; 2b, anterior view; 2c, dorsal view; 2d, ventral view; 3, Bairdia spindlica Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov., holotype MPC-03645; 3a, left lateral view; 3b, right lateral view; 3c, anterior view; 3d, posterior view; 3e, dorsal view; 3f, ventral view. 100 Gengo Tanaka et al.

ȣP Bairdia spindlica sp. nov. Adult

A-1 stage Height A-2 stage

A-3 stage Holotype Length ȣP

Figure 11. Length and height values of ontogenetic stages of Bairdia spindlica Tanaka and Yuan sp. nov.

and broadly arched anteroventral margin. This species posterior. is distinguished from Bairdia cristata Chen (1958) from Description.—Carapace elongated ellipsoid in lateral the Lower Permian Chihsia Limestone, Nanking, China view. In lateral view, anterior margin protrudes at middle in its straight dorsal outline, stronger overlap along the height, anterodorsal margin straight in left valve, slightly anterodorsal margin, steeper posterodorsal margin and concave in right valve and forms a blunt angle with blunter anterior end. The present new species differs the dorsal margin, lower half of margin rounded with from Bairdia girtyi Sohn (1960) in Chen and Bao (1986) small curvature in left valve, curved like the bow of a reported from the Lower Permian Chihsia Formation of boat in right valve and meets ventral margin forming China by its rounded lateral outline and longer posterior a blunt angle; dorsal margin straight; ventral margin end. B. spindlica sp. nov. is distinguished from Bairdia concave at the middle; posterior margin truncated with cf. austriaca Kollmann in Crasquin-Soleau et al. (2008a) triangular shape, and meets in a straight line dorsal and from the Lercara Formation (Middle Triassic to Carnian?) ventral margins. Anterior and posterior ends about the of Italy by its strongly concave anterodosal margin, same height. Surface of carapace smooth. In dorsal view, tapered anterior end and adventral ridge. carapace lentoid, widest at a third of the length away from posterior end, pointed at anterior and posterior Bairdia minoensis Tanaka and Ono sp. nov. ends, anterior end more acute than posterior. Left valve overlaps right valve all around, most strongly along Figure 12.1 posteroventral margin. In ventral view, contact margin Etymology.—Named after old provincial name Gifu rather sinuous one third of the length away from anterior region ‘Mino’ from which the type specimens were end. In posterior view, carapace oval with protruded discovered. venter of left valve. Type specimen.—Holotype: MPC-03646 (L = 1191 Remarks.—This species differs from Bairdia cf. ȝP+ ȝP: ȝP trianguliformis Chen (in Shi and Chen, 1987) from the Type locality.—A drifted muddy limestone slab from 8SSHU3HUPLDQ&KDQJKVLQJ)RUPDWLRQRI&KLQDE\WKH the Tani-gawa River, a branch of Tsubo-gawa River, strong posteroventral overlap of the right valve by the Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (35°58’N, left valve, maximum width a third of the length away ¶( from the posterior and dorsal margin more gently sloping Material.—Adult carapace (N = 4), A-1 stage carapace toward the posterior end. This species is distinguished (N = 1), A-2 stage carapace (N = 5)(Figure 10). from Bairdia piscariformis Chen (1958) from the Diagnosis.- In dorsal view, carapace lentoid, widest at Lower Permian Chihsia Limestone, Nanking, China a third of the length away from posterior end, pointed at by its elongated outline, maximum width a third of the anterior and posterior end, anterior end more acute than length away from the posterior end and less overlap at Permian ostracodes from Japan 101

Figure 12. 6(0PLFURJUDSKVRIWZRQHZSRGRFRSLGRVWUDFRGVSHFLHVIURPWKH0XJL&RXQW\*LIX3UHIHFWXUHFHQWUDO-DSDQ1, Bairdia minoensis Tanaka and Ono sp. nov., holotype MPC-03646; 1a, left lateral view; 1b, right lateral view; 1c, posterior view; 1d, dorsal view; 1e, ventral view; 2, Microcheilinella subovata Tanaka and Maeda sp. nov., holotype MPC-03647; 2a, left lateral view; 2b, right lateral view; 2c, posterior view; 2d, ventral view; 3, Microcheilinella tsubogawensis Tanaka and Ichida sp. nov., holotype MPC-03648; 3a, left lateral view; 3b, right lateral view; 3c, posterior view; 3d, ventral view. 102 Gengo Tanaka et al.

ȣP Bairdia minoensis sp. nov.

Adult

A-1 stage Height A-3 stage

A-2 stage Holotype Length ȣP

Figure 13. Length and height values of ontogenetic stages of Bairdia minoensis Tanaka and Ono sp. nov.

the dorsal margin. The present new species differs from a blunt angle with the ventral margin; dorsal margin Orthobairdia sp. Chen and Bao (1986) reported from protruding at middle of length in left valve and straight in the Lower Permian Chihsia Formation in not having right valve; ventral margin broadly arched in right valve, compressed anterior and posteroventral areas, triangular rather narrowly arched in left valve; posterior margin posterior outline and less overlap at tne dorsal margin. evenly rounded with smaller curvature than anterior margin. Anterior and posterior ends about the same Family Microcheilinellidae Gramm, 1975 height. Surface of carapace smooth. In ventral view, Genus Microcheilinella Geis, 1933 carapace ovate, maximum width slightly posterior from Microcheilinella subovata Tanaka and Maeda sp. nov. middle, posterior end more pointed than anterior. Left valve strongly overlaps right valve at anterior, ventral Figure 12.2 and posterior margin. Carapace circular in posterior view. Etymology.—Named after its lateral outline. The contact margin between the left and right valves is Type specimen.—+RORW\SH03& / ȝP curved to about 90° in posterior view. + ȝP: ȝP Remarks.—This species differs from Microcheilinella Type locality.—A drifted muddy limestone slab from venusta Chen (1958) from the Lower Permian Chihsia the Tani-gawa River, a branch of the Tsubo-gawa River, Limestone of Nanking, China in its evenly rounded Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (35°58’N, posterior margin, more broadly convex ventral margin in ¶( left valve and dorsal margin protruding at its midlength Material.—Adult carapaces (N = 3), A-1 stage cara- on the left valve. This species is distinguished from paces (N = 2), A-2 stage carapaces (N = 2)(Figure 14). Microcheilinella speciosa Chen (1958) from the Lower Diagnosis.—Carapace subovate in lateral view. Dorsal Permian Chihsia Limestone in its evenly rounded margin protruded at midlength in left valve and straight posterior margin in the left valve, rounded dorsal margin in right valve. In ventral view, carapace ovate, maximum in the right valve and ovate carapace in ventral view. The width at a point slightly posterior from the middle, present new species differs from Microcheilinella sp. posterior end more pointed than anterior. Circular outline Crasquin-Soleau et al. (2004) reported from the Permian- in posterior view. Triassic boundary in Turkey by its more acutely rounded Description.—Carapace subovate in lateral view. Left anterior and posterior margins in the right valve, convex valve much larger than right valve and overlaps it all dorsal outline and less overlapped left valve at the dorsal around. In lateral view, anterior margin evenly rounded and ventral margins. in left valve and protruding at midheight in right valve, anterodorsal margin broadly rounded and connects with dorsal margin, lower half of margin rounded and forming Permian ostracodes from Japan 103

ȣP Microcheilinella subovata sp. nov. Adult

Height A-1 stage

A-2 stage Holotype Length ȣP

Figure 14. Length and height values of ontogenetic stages of Microcheilinella subovata Tanaka and Maeda sp. nov.

Microcheilinella tsubogawensis widest at a third of the length from posterior end, anterior Tanaka and Ichida sp. nov. end more pointed than posterior. Left valve strongly overlaps right valve at anterior, ventral and posterior Figure 12.3 margins. Carapace circular in posterior view. Contact Etymology.—Named after the Tsubo-gawa River from margin between left and right valves curved about 90° which the type specimens were discovered. in posterior view. Lateral outline of right valve straight. Type specimen.—+RORW\SH03& / ȝP Remarks.—This species differs from Microcheilinella + ȝP: ȝP sp. Olempska (1979) from the Devonian of Poland by its Type locality.—A drifted muddy limestone slab from convex dorsal margin in the right valve, stronger overlap the Tani-gawa River, a branch of the Tsubo-gawa River, DWWKHYHQWUDOPDUJLQDQGPRUHLQÀDWHGRXWOLQHLQYHQWUDO Mugi County, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan (35°58’N, view. This species is distinguished from Microcheilinella ¶( subreniformis Chen (1958) from the Lower Permian Material.—Adult carapaces (N = 2), A-1 stage carapace Chihsia Limestone of Nanking, China by its evenly (N = 1), A-2 stage carapaces (N = 3)(Figure 15). rounded ventral margin in the left valve, ellipsoidal shape Diagnosis.—Carapace ellipsoid in lateral view. In in lateral view and ovate outline in ventral view. The posterior view, lateral outline of right valve is straight. In present new species differs from Microcheilinella lata lateral view, dorsal margin convex and inclined towards Crasquin-Soleau (2008b) reported from the Permian- posterior in right valve and ventral margin broadly arched Triassic boundary in the southern Alps, Italy by having in left valve. less overlap at the dorsal and posterior margins of right Description.—Carapace ellipsoid in lateral view. Left valve and a more convex dorsal margin in the right valve. valve considerably larger than right valve and overlaps it The present new species somewhat resembles M. aff. all around. In lateral view, anterior margin rounded and subcorbuloides ¿JXUHG E\ 2OHPSVND KRZHYHU protruded antero-ventrally, posterior margin rounded and the new species differs by its broadly rounded dorsal protruding postero-dorsally in left valve. In left valve, outline and less overlap along the dorsal margin of the anterodorsal margin broadly rounded and connects with right valve. dorsal margin, lower half of margin rounded and forms a blunt angle with ventral margin; dorsal margin straight Discussion and conclusion and parallel to ventral margin in left valve, convex and inclined towards posterior in right valve; ventral margin The plate tectonic, paleogeographical and paleo- broadly arched in left valve, straight in right valve. FHDQRJUDSKLF VLJQL¿FDQFH RI WKH 0LGGOH 3HUPLDQ Anterior end lower than posterior in left valve. Surface RVWUDFRGVIURP-DSDQKDVQRWEHHQFODUL¿HG\HW+RZHYHU of carapace smooth. In ventral view, carapace ovate, the present study of the ostracod assemblage from a 104 Gengo Tanaka et al.

ȣP Microcheilinella tsubogawensis sp. nov.

Adult A-1 stage

A-2 stage Height

Holotype Paratype Length ȣP

Figure 15. Length and height values of ontogenetic stages of Microcheilinella tsubogawensis Tanaka and Ichida sp. nov.

Paleo-Tethys

Panthalassa Panthalassa Pangea

Figure 16. 3DOHRJHRJUDSJLFDOPDSRIWKH0LGGOH3HUPLDQRI(DUWK%ODFNVWDUVKRZVWKHORFDWLRQRI-DSDQ $OWHUHGIURP,VR]DNL

drifted muddy limestone slab from the Tani-gawa River, Recent species (Athersuch et al., 1989). The palaeocopid a branch of the Tsubo-gawa River, Mugi County, Gifu ostracods possibly had a benthonic and/or nekto-benthonic Prefecture, central Japan, revealed that all of the species life style throughout their life based on the shell outline, are new and have not been described from other areas. shell growth, and the functional morphology of the eye It is well known that marine podocopid ostracods are (Siveter, 1984; Tanaka et al., 2009). Thus, the ostracod benthonic throughout their life, based on the life style of assemblage is a good indicator for (paleo) biogeographic Permian ostracodes from Japan 105 studies. According to Isozaki (2006), Japan consisted of (Ostracoda) from the Palaeozoic of China. Palaeontographica, small sea mounts and atolls in the Panthalassa Ocean vol. 224, p. 1–54. %HORXVRYD = ' (YROXWLRQ DQG VXFFHVVLRQ RI RUJDQLVPV DW during the Middle Permian (Figure 16). He mentioned the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary. Trudy Paleontologichesko Instituta similarity between assemblages of alatoconchid bivalves, Akademii Nauk SSSR, vol. 108, p. 245–265. (in Russian) corals and fusulinacean foraminifers and those in the %OHVV0-02VWUDFRGVIURP&URIW¶V(QG0DULQH%DQG %DVH Tethyan Ocean at low latitude in other areas. Because of Westphalian C) of the Bristol District. Bulletin of the Geological bivalves, corals and foraminifers have a planktonic stage Survey of Great Britain, vol. 47, p. 39–53. Chen, D. and Bao, H., 1986: Lower Permian ostracodes from the in their early life, they can migrate easily in the oceans. Chihsia Formation of Jurong and Longtan, Jiangsu Province. Acta However, ostracods are mainly benthonic throughout Micropalaeontologica Sinica, vol. 3, p. 107–130. (in Chinese with their life, and consequently an ostracod assemblages are English abstract) regional. Thus, the present study revealed the ostracod Chen, T. C., 1958: Permian ostracods from the Chihsia limestone of biogeography in the Panthalassan province. This is the Lungtan, Nanking. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, vol. 6, p. 215– 257. ¿UVW UHSRUW RI D W\SLFDO 3DQWKDODVVD IDXQD GXULQJ WKH Coryell, H. N. and Johnson, S. C., 1939: Ostracoda of the Clore Middle Permian. Further systematic studies of ostracod /LPHVWRQH 8SSHU 0LVVLVVLSSLDQ RI ,OOLQRLV Journal of assemblages from Japanese Palaeozoic strata will clarify Paleontology, vol. 13, p. 214–224. the meio-benthos fauna in the long disappeared world of Crasquin-Soleau, S., Carcione, L. and Martini, R., 2008a: Permian WKHODUJHVWRFHDQLQWKH(DUWK¶VKLVWRU\µ3DQWKDODVVD¶ ostracods from the Lercara Formation (Middle Triassic-Carnian?), Sicily, Italy. Palaeontology, vol. 51, pt. 3, p. 537–560. &UDVTXLQ6ROHDX6DQG*UDGLQDUX(/RZHU$QLVLDQRVWUDFRGH Acknowledgements IDXQDIURPWKH7XOFHD8QLW &LPPHULDQ1RUWK'REURJHDQ2URJHQ Romania). Annales de Paléontologie, vol. 82, p. 59–116. I (G.T.) dedicate this paper to the late Noriyuki Ikeya. Crasquin-Soleau, S., Marcoux, J., Angiolini, L., Richoz, S., Nicora, A., We thank Yukio Miyake (Gifu Prefecture, Japan) for Baud, A. and Bertho, Y., 2004: A new ostracode fauna from the Permian-Triassic boundary in Turkey (Taurus, Antalya Nappes). providing information about fossil localities. Thanks Micropaleontology, vol. 50, p. 281–295. are also due to Dr. Alicia Moguilevsky (Translations Crasquin-Soleau, S., Perri, M. C., Nicora, A. and De Wever, P., 2008b: *URXS IRU FRUUHFWLQJ WKH (QJOLVK 7KDQNV PXVW DOVR Ostracods across the Permian-Triassic boundary in Western Tethys: JR WR WZR UHYLHZHUV (ZD 2OHPSVND 3ROLVK 6FLHQFH The Bulla Parastratotype (Southern Alps, Italy). Rivista Italiana di $FDGHP\ 7RVKLDNL ,UL]XNL 6KLPDQH 8QLYHUVLW\ IRU 3DOHRQWRORJLDH6WUDWLJUD¿D, vol. 114, p. 233–262. their critical reading of our manuscript and suggestions Croneis, C. and Thurman, F. A., 1939: New ostracodes from the Kinkaid Formation. -RXUQDO RI WKH 6FLHQWL¿F /DERUDWRULHV RI for improving it. We would also like to sincerely thank Denison University, vol. 33, p. 297–330. De-quing Chen and Shang-qi Wang (Nanjing Institute 'HOR ' 0 6RPH 8SSHU &DUERQLIHURXV 2VWUDFRGD IURP WKH Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, China) Shale Basin of Western Texas. Journal of Paleontology, vol. 4, p. DQG 6\OYLH &UDVTXLQ6ROHDX &156 8QLYHUVLWp 3LHUUH 152–178. Geis, H. L., 1933: Microcheilinella, a new name for the Ostracode et Marie Curie, France) for sending relevant literature to genus Microcheilus. Journal of Paleontology, vol. 7, p. 112. G. T. Thanks go to staff of Gunma Museum of Natural Girty, G. H., 1910: New genera and species of Carboniferous fossils History for providing facilities. This research was from the Fayetteville Shale of Arkansas. 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