Cultura, Política E Ativismo Nas Redes Digitais / Sérgio Amadeu Da Silveira, Sérgio Braga, Cláudio Penteado (Organizadores)

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Cultura, Política E Ativismo Nas Redes Digitais / Sérgio Amadeu Da Silveira, Sérgio Braga, Cláudio Penteado (Organizadores) a o i r v i p ê O presente dossiê se solidariza t a n A questão dos impactos das i a com os pesquisadores na resposta c SÉRGIO AMADEU DA SILVEIRA c Novas Tecnologias de Informa- positiva a essas indagações, que c ç ção e Comunicação (NTICs), em i SÉRGIO BRAGAã i frequentemente perturbam os i a geral, e da internet em particu- pesquisadores sobre a temática. p ê CLÁUDIO PENTEADO o lar nas sociedades contempo- n Neste contexto, o objetivo bá- râneas, tem dado ensejo a uma a (ORGS.) e , sico do dossiê é contribuir com O objetivo dos organizadores deste volume c ampla gama de pesquisas nos ç r n sub sídios que possibilitem uma foi agrupar pesquisadores das três grandes ã i mais variados campos do conhe- res posta mais fundamentada, bem a e o cimento humano. como servir como amostra do cam- áreas das Ciências Sociais – principalmente o p v Antropólogos, cientistas po- po e das possibilidades de pesqui- antropólogos, cientistas políticos e sociólogos, e , u o líticos, sociólogos, além de pes- sa em ciberpolítica, ciberativismo s quisadores de outras áreas do embora eventualmente aberto ao diálogo com r n IGITAIS t e cibercultura nas Ciências Sociais o a conhecimento, têm-se debru- contemporâneas. pesquisadores de outras disciplinas – que e c çado sistematicamente sobre o p v ç i A partir destas premissas, pro- se dedicam à investigação dos impactos assunto, procurando apreender curamos reunir aqui textos de u o ã e as novas tecnologias digitais e pesquisadores – de preferência das Novas Tecnologias de Informação e t s o n a internet como agente motiva- aqueles que trabalham num regis- Comunicação (NTICs), de uma maneira geral, a c CULTURA, POLÍTICA eE ATIVISMOt NAS REDES DIGITAIS dor das mudanças ocorridas em tro mais “empiricamente orienta- i diferentes níveis das modernas e da internet em particular, sobre ç i m do” – que apresentam resultados s formas de sociabilidade e de ex- as várias dimensões das sociedades ã e b de pesquisas originais, possibi- o n t pressão cultural. litando uma re exão sobre esta contemporâneas, tendo como foco l a Entretanto, se é mais ou menos problemática e afastando-se do e t o evidente para o observador da so- três campos de investigação: ciberpolítica; s caráter excessivamente especula- m i g ciedade e da cultura contemporâ- s tivo, da sistematização de a rma- ciberativismo; e cibercultura. neas que a internet tem impacta- s : ções de segunda mão, esparsas b t do fortemente a vida cotidiana da na literatura internacional, ou de l a d i maioria dos indivíduos, ainda não exercícios prospectivos excessiva- o s e n permanece certa a possibilidade mente “normativos”, com pouca g t de de nição de um campo distin- SÉRGIO AMADEU DA SILVEIRA, SÉRGIO BRAGA E CLÁUDIO PENTEADO (ORGS.) SÉRGIO BRAGA SILVEIRA, SÉRGIO AMADEU DA d fundamentação empírica e que s : NAS REDES D POLÍTICA E ATIVISMO CULTURA, i e to e independente de pesquisa e costumam ter boa parte dos tex- d i r de estudos especí cos sobre inter- tos e análises sobre os impactos v net, sociedade, política e cultura. e n u a da internet na política. t ç A este respeito, tem havido um Desejamos que façam uma lei- d l amplo debate na literatura inter- e g ã tura agradável e que esses artigos i o nacional, desde a última década possam interferir positivamente v r a do século passado, sobre a pos- a em seus projetos de pesquisa e u ç , sibilidade da constituição de um mesmo na sua forma de compre- l ç ã campo especí co de estudos so- ender a vida em um mundo alta- ã p bre os impactos da internet nos g o mente tecnologizado. o sistemas sociais contemporâneos. a c ç , i e n t ç ã o e m b l o g s d e d i v CULTURA, u l POLÍTICA g a ç E ATIVISMO ã o NAS REDES c i DIGitais e n SÉRGIO AMADEU DA SILVEIRA t SÉRGIO BRAGA í CLÁUDIO PENTEADO f (ORGS.) i c a São Paulo, 2014 FUNDAÇÃO PERSEU ABRAMO Instituída pelo Diretório Nacional do Partido dos Trabalhadores em maio de 1996. DIRETORIA Presidente: Marcio Pochmann Vice-presidenta: Iole Ilíada Diretoras: Fátima Cleide e Luciana Mandelli Diretores: Kjeld Jakobsen e Joaquim Soriano EDITORA FUNDAÇÃO PERSEU ABRAMO Coordenação editorial: Rogério Chaves Assistente editorial: Raquel Maria da Costa Revisão: Edilson Moura Capa, projeto gráfico e diagramação: Caco Bisol Produção Gráfica Ltda. ISBN 978-85-7643-213-5 Este livro obedece às regras do Novo Acordo da Língua Portuguesa. Todos os direitos reservados à Fundação Perseu Abramo Rua Francisco Cruz, 234 – 04117-091 São Paulo – SP Telefone: (11) 5571-4299 – Fax: (11) 5573-3338 Correio eletrônico: [email protected] Visite a página eletrônica da Fundação Perseu Abramo: www.fpabramo.org.br Visite a loja virtual da Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo: www.efpa.com.br Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) C967 Cultura, política e ativismo nas redes digitais / Sérgio Amadeu da Silveira, Sérgio Braga, Cláudio Penteado (organizadores). – São Paulo : Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo, 2014. 342 p. ; 23 cm. Inclui bibliografia. ISBN 978-85-7643-213-5 1. Ciberativismo. 2. Ciberpolítica. 3. Cibercultura. 4. Comunicação de massa. 5. Movimentos sociais. 6. Redes sociais on-line. 7. Internet - Aspectos políticos. 8. Internet - Aspectos sociais. I. Silveira, Sérgio Amadeu da. II. Braga, Sérgio. III. Penteado, Cláudio. CDU 004.738.5:316.77 CDD 301.243 (Bibliotecária responsável: Sabrina Leal Araujo – CRB 10/1507) SUMÁRIO 05 Introdução Parte I: Ciberativismo 15 Para analisar o poder tecnológico como poder político (2011) Sérgio Amadeu da Silveira 31 Controle social e prática hacker: tecnopolítica e ciberpolítica em redes digitais Henrique Parra 51 Ciberativismo na Amazônia: os desafios da militância digital na floresta (2012) Lucas Milhomens Fonseca 79 Limites de visibilidade e participação na esfera pública (virtual): a experiência da Secretaria de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, no Governo Dilma Rousseff (2012) Alicianne Gonçalves de Oliveira 103 Redes de movimentos sociais e intervenção na esfera pública interconectada: um estudo da campanha pelo limite da terra na internet (2012) Lívia Moreira de Alcântara e Carlos Frederico de Brito d’Andréa Parte II: Ciberpolítica 125 Sociedade Civil e Políticas Públicas: o uso da internet pela Rede Nossa São Paulo na articulação política (2012) Claudio Luis de Camargo Penteado, Rafael de Paulo Aguiar Araujo e Marcelo Burgos dos Santos Pimentel 145 As tecnologias digitais e o mandato dos representantes: um estudo sobre o uso da internet pelos deputados estaduais brasileiros da 16a legislatura (2007-2011) Sérgio Braga e Letícia Carina Cruz 177 O perfil dos blogueiros de política no Brasil: uma nova elite? (2012) Marcus Abílio Gomes Pereira e Ana Raquel de Campos Braga 189 Participação e deliberação: análise do impacto dos usos das Novas Tecnologias Digitais na dinâmica participativa e deliberativa dos Orçamentos Participativos de Belo Horizonte e Recife (2012) Dimas Enéas Soares Ferreira 215 A democracia digital do gabinete do governador: o perfil e os limites de um modelo consultivo de participação Camilo Aggio e Rafael Sampaio Parte III: Cibercultura 243 Nova ciência, novos cientistas: interação, participação e reputação em blogs de divulgação científica (2012) Rafael de Almeida Evangelista e Vanessa Oliveira Fagundes 265 O desafio da conectividade e do acesso à internet pelas classes populares em perspectiva etnográfica (2011) Lucia Mury Scalco 295 Toma que o aborto é teu: a circulação de eventos críticos entre mídias em momentos de luta política (2012) Jair de Souza Ramos 321 A pichação e os signos urbanos juvenis: “metendo nomes” no ciberespaço (2012) Glória Maria dos S. Diógenes INTRODUÇÃO Sérgio Amadeu, Sérgio Braga e Cláudio Penteado As manifestações de junho de 2013 no Brasil e vários outros protestos que ocorreram ao redor do mundo nos últimos anos (Primavera Árabe, 15 M na Espanha e Occupy Wall Street, para mencionar apenas os mais visíveis), tornaram evidentes para boa parte da opinião pública o papel que a internet e as tecnologias digitais desempenham na geração de novas formas de socia- bilidade, de identidade, e de comportamento político e social. Se é verdade que não devemos cair no extremo de um “determinismo tecnológico” segundo o qual as inovações que ocorrem no sistema econômico e nos meios de co- municação geram automaticamente novas modalidades de ação coletiva e de comportamentos humanos, sem a mediação das escolhas estratégicas dos ato- res sociais, também não devemos cair no outro extremo de deixar de levar em conta os impactos de tais inovações tecnológicas nas formas de sociabilidade contemporâneas. Sem exagero, e parafraseando um antigo poeta e dramaturgo romano, podemos mesmo afirmar que nos dias de hoje (quase) nada do que é humano é estranho à internet. Entretanto, se é mais ou menos evidente para o observador da socieda- de, da política e da cultura contemporâneas que a internet tem impactado for- temente a vida cotidiana de significativa parcela dos indivíduos, fazendo parte do cotidiano de uma grande parcela da população conectada à rede mundial de computadores, ainda permanece atual o debate sobre se e em que medida é possível definir um campo distinto e independente de reflexão e de pesquisa sobre a temática. A este respeito, tem havido um amplo debate na literatura especializada desde a última década do século passado, debate este que tem re- 5 percussões teóricas e práticas também nos dias atuais. O presente livro responde DIGITAIS de maneira positiva a tais indagações, postulando que há, sim, um campo REDES NAS específico de estudos sobre a internet nas Ciências Sociais contemporâneas, e que esse novo campo de reflexão tem uma natureza intrinsecamente inter- ATIVISMO E disciplinar, abrangendo contribuições de vários ramos das Ciências Sociais A C no sentido estrito do termo (Antropologia, Ciência Política e Sociologia) mas POLÍTI , também de disciplinas co-irmãs tais como comunicação social, administra- ULTURA ção pública, para não falar das ciências da computação e da informática, C dentre outras.
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