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Home , Graphical user interface, User interface

Lesson -10  Software-i i Kompjuterit i jep instruksione (komanda) Hardware-it dhe e ben ate te funksionoje Llojet e Software-ve  Kemi tre lloj software-sh kryesore:  Operating Systems (Sistemet Operative )  Application Programs (Programet Aplikative)  Utility Program (Utilities) Programet Ndihmese  Programming Languages (Gjuhet e Programimit)

What is an ?  An operating system is a piece of software that controls how hardware resources such as memory, the central processing unit (CPU), disk space, and other devices are used.  Applications need the operating system because they need to use these hardware resources. Operating System Parts  An operating system has two parts:  Kernel   The kernel is the core of an operating system.  It manages memory, files, and other devices, maintains the time and date, starts applications, and manages system resources.  The shell provides direct between the and the kernel.  It is an between the user and the kernel. Operating System Types  There are many different types of operating system.  We can classify systems according to:  the type of ,  how many users they support (single-user or multi-user),  how they perform tasks (single task or multitask),  how they work with other (single or network). Operating System User Interface  The user interface is the part of the operating system that you use to enter commands and data.  There are two types of user interface:  (GUI)  -line interface (CLI) A graphical user interface O.S  A graphical user interface is a visual computer environment that represents programs, files, and options with images such as icons, menus, and dialog boxes on the screen.  You can select and activate these options by pointing and clicking with a mouse, or by using the keyboard. A command-line interface O.S.  A command-line interface does not use images or graphical menus.  Instead, you type commands with the keyboard, using a special command language.  Systems with command- line interfaces often seem more difficult to learn and use than systems with graphical interfaces. Users of Operating Systems  Operating Systems are  A single-user divided in two parts operating system according to users: examples are:  A single-user  MS-DOS operating system can  Mac OS be used only by a single  Windows user.  A multi-user operating  A multi-user operating system examples are: system can be used by  more than one user. 

A  A network operating system is an operating system which is specifically designed to support computer networks.  A network operating system uses a special called a to provide networking support for multiple simultaneous users as well as administrative, security, and management functions. Operating Systems tasks  Operating Systems are  Single-task operating divided in two parts systems type is: according to the tasks  MS-DOS they do:  Multitask operating  Single-task operating systems types are: systems can work only  Microsoft's Windows on a single task a time.  Apple's Mac OS  Multitask operating systems can work on multiple tasks at the same time. MS-DOS  MS-DOS is short for Microsoft . MS- DOS is single task, single-user operating system with a command-line interface, which was released in 1981 for IBM PCs and similar PCs.  MS-DOS, like other operating systems, controls operations such as disk input and output, video support, keyboard control, and many internal functions related to running programs and maintaining files.  Microsoft Windows was one of the first graphical operating systems for home and office PCs.  Microsoft Windows main versions are:  Windows 3.1   Windows 98   Windows NT  …..  Windows XP 

Mac OS  Mac OS is short for Operating System.  It is the commercial name of the Apple Macintosh operating system.  Mac OS main versions are:  Mac OS X v10.0 (Cheetah)  Mac OS X v10.1 (Puma)  Mac OS X v10.2 (Jaguar)  Mac OS X v10.3 (Panther)  Mac OS X v10.4 (Tiger)  Mac OS X v10.5 (Leopard)  Mac OS X v10.6 (Snow Leopard)  Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion)

UNIX  Unix is a multi-user, multitasking operating system.  Unix has evolved into a complex, powerful operating system that is more portable and less machine specific than many other operating systems.  Unix uses a powerful command-line interface, although there are also graphical user interfaces for the Unix system. Linux  Linux is a version of Unix System which was developed for PCs with Intel 80386 and higher-level .  Linux is free and its program code can be changed by anyone who chooses to work on it, although some companies distribute it as part of a commercial package with Linux- compatible utilities. NetWare  Is an enterprise operating system.  Examples  SUSE Linux Enterprise  Enterprise Server (OES) BeOS and  It was designed as a “media OS” that could support the large file sizes and high performance processing demands of digital media and the Internet. Mobile Operating Systems  The mobile platform, also referred to as mobile operating systems, manages the hardware, memory, and software resources.  It controls the functioning and capabilities of a mobile device. OS  Most of the mobile phones from Nokia run on Symbian operating system.  Symbian has not been very successful as a operating system.  Symbian is feature rich and is easy to use. Android  Android is a Linux- derived operation system supported by many major mobile companies like Google, HTC, Samsung, Motorola, and so on.  It is an open platform that encourages developers to build their favorite applications with known and . Mobile Linux  Mobile Linux is the scaled down version of Linux operating system for mobile devices.  It is an open operating system that powers many mobile phones and PDAs.  Nokia offers a couple of Linux mobile powered mobile phones. BlackBerry OS  BlackBerry operating system is one of the most popular mobile platforms in the world.  BlackBerry OS is an enterprise mobile device that can interface with various e-mail, calendar, notes, and contacts solutions. iPhone OS  iPhone runs on Apple’s proprietary iPhone operating system, which is derived from Mac OS X.  Currently, all iOS devices are developed by Apple and support an advanced touch and display . Windows OS  This operating system is used on Nokia Lumnia and Samsung Omnia mobile phones.  It is restricted version of Windows 8 OS. End of the Lesson