MNRAS 432, 1845–1861 (2013) doi:10.1093/mnras/stt062 Advance Access publication 2013 May 11
The ATLAS3D project – XIX. The hot gas content of early-type galaxies: fast versus slow rotators
Marc Sarzi,1‹ Katherine Alatalo,2 Leo Blitz,2 Maxime Bois,3 Fred´ eric´ Bournaud,4 Martin Bureau,5 Michele Cappellari,5 Alison Crocker,6 Roger L. Davies,5 Timothy A. Davis,7 P. T. de Zeeuw,7,8 Pierre-Alain Duc,4 Eric Emsellem,7,9 Sadegh Khochfar,10 Davor Krajnovic,´ 7 Harald Kuntschner,11 Pierre-Yves Lablanche,2,9 Richard M. McDermid,12 Raffaella Morganti,13,14 Thorsten Naab,15 13,14 16 13 Tom Oosterloo, Nicholas Scott, Paolo Serra, Downloaded from Lisa M. Young17† and Anne-Marie Weijmans18‡ 1Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts AL1 9AB, UK 2Department of Astronomy, Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3Observatoire de Paris, LERMA and CNRS, 61 Av. de l‘Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France 4 Laboratoire AIM Paris-Saclay, CEA/IRFU/SAp – CNRS – Universite´ Paris Diderot, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France http://mnras.oxfordjournals.org/ 5Sub-Department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK 6Department of Astronomy, University of Massachussets, Amherst, MA 01003, USA 7European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany 8Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, Postbus 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands 9Universite´ Lyon 1, Observatoire de Lyon, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon and Ecole Normale Superieure´ de Lyon, 9 avenue Charles Andre,´ F-69230 Saint-Genis Laval, France 10Max-Planck Institut fur¨ extraterrestrische Physik, PO Box 1312, D-85478 Garching, Germany 11Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility, European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany 12Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Centre, 670 N. A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA 13Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands at European Southern Observatory on August 13, 2014 14Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands 15Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany 16Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia 17Physics Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA 18Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
Accepted 2013 January 8. Received 2012 December 17; in original form 2012 May 24
ABSTRACT For early-type galaxies, the ability to sustain a corona of hot, X-ray-emitting gas could have played a key role in quenching their star formation history. A halo of hot gas may act as an effective shield against the acquisition of cold gas and can quickly absorb stellar mass loss material. Yet, since the discovery by the Einstein Observatory of such X-ray haloes around early-type galaxies, the precise amount of hot gas around these galaxies still remains a matter of debate. By combining homogeneously derived photometric and spectroscopic measurements for the early-type galaxies observed as part of the ATLAS3D integral field survey with measurements of their X-ray luminosity based on X-ray data of both low and high spatial resolution (for 47 and 19 objects, respectively) we conclude that the hot gas content of early-type galaxies can depend on their dynamical structure. Specifically, whereas slow rotators generally have X-ray haloes with luminosity LX, gas and temperature T values that are well in line with what is expected if the hot gas emission is sustained by the thermalization of the kinetic energy carried by the stellar mass loss material, fast rotators tend to display LX, gas