1985ApJS ... 59 .... IW © 1985.TheAmericanAstronomicalSociety.Allrightsreserved.PrintedinU.S.A. The AstrophysicalJournalSupplementSeries,59:1-21,1985September have resultedfromtheuseofthisnewtool.Forexample,a was probablycausedbyanisotropicvelocitydispersions (Whitmore, Kirshner,andSchechter1979;Whitmore correlation wasfoundbetweentheluminosityofbulges ing Sargentetal1977;TonryandDavis1981a).Asimilar of thesegalaxieswasnottheresultrotation,butinstead Kirshner 1981;KormendyandIllingworth1983;Dressier spiral andSOgalaxiestheircentralvelocitydispersion correlation betweentheluminosityofanellipticalgalaxyand galactic structureanddynamics.Severalimportantdiscoveries ity dispersionshasprovidedamajorcatalystforthestudyof (1982) suggestthatthesesystemsarerotatingfastenough to (1983) andspiralSObulgesbyKormendyIllingworth (Illingworth 1977;SchechterandGunn1979;Binney1976, and Jackson(1976)confirmedbyseveralstudies(includ- sion inlargeellipticalgalaxiesshowedthattheflattenedshape Sandage 1983).Severalstudieshaveattemptedtosupplya the centralstellarvelocitydispersionwasdiscoveredbyFaber 1978). However,studiesofsmallellipticalsbyDavies etal. physical explanationforthe“Faber-Jackson”relation(Sargent determine thedistancescale(Schechter1980;Tonry and etal 1981),whileothershaveusedtherelationshipto help Davis 19816;deVaucouleursandOlson1982;Dressier etal 1911\Aaronson,Huchra,andMould1979;Terlevich 1984a). 1 The abilitytomakeaccuratemeasurementsofstellarveloc- A comparisonbetweentherotationandvelocitydisper- Staffmember,SpaceTelescopeScience Institute. catalog includes1096measurementsof725galaxies.Aset51standardgalaxiesisdefinedwhichconsists galaxies withatleastthreereliable,concordantmeasurements.Wesuggestthatfuturestudiesobservesomeof scale factorswherenecessary. system. Wecomparepreviousstudieswiththederivedstandardstodeterminerelativeaccuraciesandcompute Subject headings:galaxies:internalmotions these standardgalaxiesinthecourseoftheirobservationssothatdifferentstudiescanbenormalizedtosame A catalogofcentralstellarvelocitydispersionmeasurementsispresented,currentthrough1984June.The © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System I. INTRODUCTION A CATALOGOFSTELLARVELOCITYDISPERSIONS.I. COMPILATION ANDSTANDARDGALAXIES Received 1984October23;accepted1985February19 1 California InstituteofTechnology Space TelescopeScienceInstitute Computer SciencesCorporation Bradley C.Whitmore Douglas B.McElroy John L.Tonry ABSTRACT AND NGC 3115:IllingworthandSchechter1982;severalgalaxies: papers usingstellarvelocitydispersionsinthepast10years. of thestarsmakesconstructionmassmodelsdifficult. dispersion ofseveralgalaxiesexist(NGC596:Wilhams1981; Tonry 19846;Dressier19846).However,otherstudies measurements. Ourprimary goals areasfollows: rent paperprovidesacompilation ofstellarvelocitydispersion 936; Kormendy1983),thisuncertaintyintheorbitalmotions Kormendy andIllingworth1982;M31:McElroy1983;NGC gradient mightalsobecausedbyanisotropicdispersion Binney andMamón1982;Tonry1983)haveshownthat this (Tremaine andOstriker1982;DuncanWheeler1980; massive blackholesinthesegalaxies(Sargentetal1978; dispersion nearthecenterofgalaxiesindicatespresence panion galaxies(OstrikerandTremaine1975;Hausman Illingworth 1981;Binney1982; Kormendy19826).Thecur- tensors. Whilethoroughobservationsoftherotation and galaxies inthecluster(Richstone1976). have shownrisingdispersionprofiles(Dressier1979;Carter Several reviewsofthesubject areavailable(Capaccioli1979; Ostriker 1978)ortheaccumulationoftidaldebrisfromother a “specialprocess,”perhapsthecannibalismofnearbycom- are consistentwiththehypothesisthatcDgalaxiesarisefrom galaxies fallbelowtheFaber-Jacksonrelation.Theseresults et al1981).MalumuthandKirshner(1981)alsoshowthatcD studies ofcDgalaxiesatthecenterrichclusters clusion. Ford (1984)conflictwiththeKormendyandIllingworthcon- be flattenedbyrotation.ResultsfromWhitmore,Rubin,and These studiesrepresentonlyasmallsampleofthescores of While mostdispersionprofilesareeitherflatorfalling, Several studieshavesuggestedthatarapidriseinthe 1985ApJS ... 59 .... IW -1 -1 -1 justified bythedata.TheonlyexceptionwasastudyFaber dispersion {thirdcolumn).Thesourcevalueslistedinthefourth dispersion measurementby using theinverseofauthor’s column areuncorrected.Inafewcasesourvaluesdiffer from quoted errorastheweight,with twogeneralexceptions: to standardizethemeasurements byaveragingoveranareaof about 2"X4". those citedintheoriginalpaper. Thisisbecauseweattempted into betteragreementwiththestandards.Wefoundingeneral publications amachine-readablemagnetictapeversionofthe Table 2.Notethatthescaledvaluesofvelocitydispersions passing throughtheorigin)wasallthatnecessary or parisons ledustoadoptscalingfactorsbringthesourceset velocity dispersion(a)andtheunderlyingsourcemeasure- measure acentralvelocitydispersion,justouterones,oftenin ments (o).Notethatinsomecases,avalueofzeroisreported catalog willbeavailablefromtheAstronomicalDataCenter update andreviseitasmoredataaremadeavailable,we catalog beascurrentandaccuratepossible.Weintendto dispersions through1984June1.Itisourintentionthatthis were usedonlyinthecalculationofadoptedcentralvelocity (FWHM= 395kms)usedinthisstudyprobablycaused standard galaxies(discussedinthenextsection).Thesecom- authors. Please directanycorrections,updates,oromissionstothe at NASA/GoddardSpaceFlightCenter.Includeablanktape shall publishanupdatedversioneveryfewyears.Between and anon-unitslopewereused.Thelow-resolutionspectra and Jackson(1976),wherebothanadditivezero-pointoffset that aone-parameterleast-squaresfit(theslopeof line for thevelocitydispersion.Thismeansthatstudydidnot and detailsabouttherequiredtapeformatwithanyrequest. the formofextendedprofilesthatdonotpassthrough this offset.Theresultingscalefactorsandoffsetarelisted in (see Table3). column containsthesourcecodesforindividualmeasurements discussed below.Next,individualsourcemeasurements,with center. Thesestudiesareincludedhereforcompleteness.The quoted errorsinparentheses(kms),aregiven.Thelast sion (kms),usingscaledvaluesandweightedaveragesas column liststheadoptedvalueforcentralvelocitydisper- (1976) or(indicatedwithanasterisk)Nilson(1973).Thethird Hubble typefromdeVaucouleurs,andCorwin IC, UGC,andmiscellaneous).Thesecondcolumnliststhe first columnofthetablegivesgalaxyidentification(NGC, s 2 A weightedaveragewascalculated fortheadoptedcentral galaxies. stellar velocitydispersionsbyestablishingasetofstandard accuracies andnormalizingfactors. quick referenceanduseinstatisticalstudies. Table 1containsthecompilationofcentralstellarvelocity Table 1showsboththevalueweadoptforcentral Figure 1showsthecomparisonofseveralstudieswith 3. Provideareferencesystemforthemeasurementof 2. Comparevariousstudiestodeterminetherelative 1. Compileadatabaseofdispersionmeasurementsfor II. COMPILATIONOFSTELLARVELOCITYDISPERSIONS © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System Whitmore, Mcelroy,andtonry -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1_ when interpretingFigure2 since thesampleisverynonuni- lower dispersions.Theslightly largervaluesofthemean E6 galaxiesisalsointriguing. However,cautionmustbeused with progressivelysmallerbulges (E,S0,Sa,Sb,Sc,...)tohave ponent ofagalaxy(theFaber-Jacksonrelationship).While form. dispersions forE2andE3galaxies withrespecttoE4,E5,and dispersion andtheabsolutemagnitudeofspheroidal com- means andtheuncertaintyinmeanforeachtype. phological type(thepointshavebeenartificiallydistributed in absolute magnitudeshavenotbeencomputedforoursample, this relationshipcanbeseeninthegeneraltrendforsystems the x-directiontoreduceoverplotting);lowerpanelshows shows thedistributionofcentralvelocitydispersionsby mor- function ofmorphologicaltype.Ofthe725galaxiesin the in thedeterminationofvelocitydispersionarequoted.In sample, 597areclassified(seeTable1).Theupperpanel for theirreferencessincethesetypesofuncertaintiesarise. are entered.Wecautionthereadertouseoriginalsource other casesthevaluesofthesequantitiesforrawspectrum for theanalysistechniqueused(visual,Fourierquotient,etc., the wavelengthrangeandnumberofpixelsactuallyused spectra. Column(12).—WavelengthrangeinÂ.Ifavailable, see notestoTable3).Column(11).—Numberofpixelsin “place” isacodefortheobservatory,and“det” measurement, inarcsec.Columns(7)-(9).—Telescopedescrip- (5)-(6).—Width andlengthofslitusedforcentraldispersion the detectorused(seenotestoTable3).Column(10).—Code instrumental resolution,whichisgenerallydefinedasanin- measurements intheouterregionsareavailable,aY/Nis velocity dispersionprofiles(Y)ornot(N).Ifonlyafew FWHM orinstrumentaldispersionisnotgiveninthepaper, strumental “velocitydispersion”a=FWHM/2.35.Ifthe entered. Column(4).—TheFWHMofthenarrowestcompari- information. Anexplanationofcolumnsfollows:Column(1). in thetablemeansthatauthorsdidnotsupply but tofindoutpreciselywhichgalaxywasdonewayin tors. “Size”isthediameterofprimaryused,inmeters, the statedgratingdispersioninÁmmislisted.Columns son line,expressedinkms.Thisisproportionaltothe (3).—An indicatorofwhethertheauthorsmeasuredextended —Code forsourcestudy.Column(2).—Source wavelength regions,etc.).Thosestudieshavemultipleentries, such astudy,onemustreferbacktothepaper.Ablankentry parameters forthedifferentstudies.Insomecases,authors used heterogeneoussetsofdata(differentdetectors,different km s“,andSchechterGunn(1979),whichwereassigned ments. Thesemeasurementsweresomewhatarbitrarilyas- instr an errorof30kms. and Jackson(1976),whichwereassignedanerrorof20 possible, thesystematicerrorsbecomedominantuncer- purposes. Whileinternalerrorsofonlyafewkmsarenow signed errorvaluesof50kms,exceptforthoseFaber tainty inthesecases. km s,weadoptedanerrorof10forcomputational A well-knowncorrelationexistsbetweenthecentralvelocity Figure 2showsaplotofcentralvelocitydispersionas Table 3showsthesourcecodeandvariousinstrumental 2. Manyauthorsdidnotgiveerrorsfortheirmeasure- 1. Forvalueswithquotedinternalerrorsoflessthan10 1985ApJS © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System Catalog ofVelocityDispersions TABLE 1 1985ApJS LO N1016 N1023 N1029 N1024 NI 052 N1026 NI 068 NI 060 NI 058 NI 084 N1172 N1161 N1132 N1107 N1101 N1175 NI 407 N1209 NI 201 N1199 NI 400 NI 398 NI 395 NI 386 N1381 NI 380 N1358 NI 357 NI 353 NI 309 N1300 NI 298 NI 289 N1273 N1272 NI 332 N1316 NI 278 Neme © The Observatory • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics DataSystem Typ« SBO Sab SO/a* SO* SO* Sc EO Sc Sb SO* SO* SO E4 SO SO SO SO SBab Sbc SBbc SO* SO E4* Sa SO SO SO/a Sab SBb SO E3 E1 EO SO E6 E2 El E2 218 301 204 294 259 210 292 248 274 269 206 249 236 249 331 258 244 159 227 306 252 162 194 143 160 138 167 160 120 178 183 169 91 60 99 85 84 78 < 60 306 (13) 247 240 211 205 260 217 200 264 299 214 212 r 250 208 260 297 253 195 241 321 242 256 340 267 264 198 172 140 264 216 330 258 248 192 187 100 165 285 273 270 245 163 143 170 161 121 145 181 195 180 98 92 89 80 85 ö'(«) Source 9 (sj 115} ( 30) ( 19) ( 14) ( 24) n ( 22) ( 19) ( 13) ( 21) ( 12) ( 17) ( 32) ( 28) ( 16) ( 5) ( 20) ( 32) ( 16) ( 14) ( 19) ( 20) ( 14) ( H) ( 29) ( 28) ( 99) ( 28) ( 20) ( 23) nii H!j 33) 20} 19) 12) 14) 13) 19) 15) 16) 9 WHLD WHLD WR WM DS Kl MK S2 S2 S2 BBRS SG 2 51 KG F SSBS TD MK MK 52 Dr4 DS TD TD WM MK DS DS SSBS TD TD DS DS DS TD S1 TD DS TD S1 S1 SSBS DS DS S2 S2 S2 Sz TD TD TD TD TD TD JS 1 /Vßi-t.i—continueä 4 NI 426 N1417 N1439 NI 461 NI 521 N1515 NI 566 N1553 NI 573 NI 600 N1587 N1620 N1653 N1726 NI 700 N1889 N2217 N1961 N2268 N2300 N2336 N2314 N2476 N2344 N2549 N2639 N2634 N2629 N2646 N2683 N2681 N2675 N2655 N2692 N2685 N2732 N2693 None Sb Sbc SO E4 Type Sbc SO El Sbc E3 E3 SO El EO E3 SBO Sc E4 SO Sbc EO Sbc SO Sc Sa SO E3 SBO SO/a SO/a E4* Sa Sb El SO SBO E3* E3 205 212 301 323 277 229 134 186 157 240 234 102 247 255 100 260 116 301 226 318 110 387 256 156 140 191 160 170 189 159 170 159 102 142 111 76 0 < 80 227 212 216 (26)TD 203 337 278 352 332 233 122 346 148 260 241 213 160 177 152 151 269 255 110 235 257 100 (10)VF 395 260 235 306 (15) 118 117 324 230 110 261 394 141 147 181 163 189 176 150 193 193 161 105 102 162 164 162 102 143 192 84 a(e) #r Hi) Í!I¡ ( 23) ( 27) Ul Hü Í s!) ( 14) ( 44) ( 20) ( 20) U) [ 11] [ U) il ( 25) ( 23) ( 29) ( 25) ( 23) ( 13) ( 35) ( 19) ( 25) ( 19) ( 14) ( 30) 18) :s) 12} 22) 10) 9) Source WR WR WR MK K3 DS S2 K3 DS SSBS TD SSBS MC2 52 SG2 51 TD WM WM DS SG2 TD 51 S2 TD TD WM WM TD TD S2 52 S2 K ¡ TD WM WKS DS WHLD DS TD TD TD S2 TD S2 TD TD TD SG1 S2 S2 DS TD TD TD 1985ApJS ... 59 .... IW N3070 N3065 N3031 N2998 N2994 N2991 N2985 N2967 N2954 N2950 N2944 N2940 N2903 N2880 N2872 N2759 N2749 N2859 N2802 N2787 N2784 N2783 N2778 N2775 N2769 N2768 N2855 N2852 N2844 N2831 N2824 N2803 N2800 N2841 N2832 N2810 Name © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System Type SO EO* Sab Sc SO* SO* Sc Sab SBO Db I* Sbc SBO E4* SBO Ob I* SO/a Sa So SBO SO SO* Sb SO Sab Sa* E2 E3 E& EO EO E4* E3* E3* E2 241 281 221 170 341 166 297 241 297 278 185 134 191 228 304 303 234 205 274 240 292 185 163 106 144 179 186 1 13 186 194 188 176 159 196 123 79 245 (9) 286 200 225 210 173 (16) 347 178 173 302 177 166 165 157 150 150 230 189 253 (27) 212 (7 301 209 (45) 302 (24)TD 320 107 135 182 257 (20 229 (14 363 286 308 (43) 238 (27) 279 (27) 218 170 166 107 147 158 197 189 (22) 114 (12) 178 126 (40) 197 189 (33) 60 G (err)Source U! 18 10 25) 30) 20) 24) 23) 27) 25) 14) 11) 36) 27) 15) 10) 17) ) 21) 20) 10) 14Í 14) ) 11) 14 18 13 BBRS TD TABLE 1—Continued 5 N3392 N3384 N3379 N3377 N3368 N3352 N3351 N3348 N3334 N3286 N3277 N3245 N3238 N3237 N3226 N3190 N3168 N3166 N3158 N3156 N3145 N3136 N3115 N3223 N3222 N3200 N3193 N3179 N3163 N3147 N3121 N3108 N3106 N3102 N3098 Name Type SBO Sab El SO* SBb E5 SO* Sab SO SO SO* EO So Sb SBO Sab SO* SO/a SO SO Sbc SBbc SO SO* SO* SO E2 E2 E1 * E3 E4 E3* 218 153 211 173 246 297 359 217 228 160 113 207 235 259 216 366 247 269 238 267 159 147 156 194 195 165 184 112 141 160 199 131 168 104 99 200 (19)WKS 253 156 (40)WHLD 157 (16)TD 214 220 ( 150 ( 138 188 182 123 102 C7(er) Source a 20) 28) WKS WHLD WRF TD TD 1985ApJS N3894 N3875 N3873 N3872 N3862 N3853 N3842 N3838 N3837 N3824 N3818 N3812 N3767 N3759 N3731 N3719 N3716 N3710 N3665 N3658 N3642 N3640 N3628 N3627 N3623 N3612 N3609 N3608 N3607 N3605 N3593 N3583 N3569 N3562 N3557 N3491 N3489 N3474 N3468 N3467 N3425 N3414 N3412 Name © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System Type SO/a* E4 El* E5 EO SO/a E4* E3 Sa SBO* SO SO El* E5 Sb SO E1 * SO* Sbc E2* Sb El* Sb E3 So S* Sab* SO SO/a SBb SO* E2 E4 SO* SO* SO* SO SO* SO SBO E2* E3 251 241 272 258 345 157 372 217 176 207 155 205 196 184 209 119 111 179 158 153 202 178 203 204 192 173 240 265 181 304 220 211 286 220 279 249 169 139 142 158 107 94 76 <125 257 (20) 255 (14) 245 (25) 277 (19) 263 (22) 351 (13) 379 (23) 160 (32) 221 (28) 179 (19) 211 (28) 158 (14) 209 (12) 196 (7) 188 (30) 219 (27) 121 (44) 113 (38) 182 (29) 161 (48) 156 (29) 204 ( 206 (43) 207 (25) 235 (22) 181 (13) 225 244 (21) 196 (17) 176 (56) 184 (19) 309 (22) 270 (14) 223 (38) 215 (33) 291 (24) 224 (25) 284 (18) 149 ( 265 (21) 181 (15) 133 (49) 117 142 (47) 146 144 161 104 126 er 93 90 56 °V) Í fj U5i ( 50) [ 24) 19 20) 22) ) 10) Source WHLD WHLD WHLD TD WHLD TD TD TD TD TD TD DEFIS TD WHLD TD TD TD WM WKS WKS WM TD TD TD WKS WHLD TD WHLD TD WKS WHLD TD DEFIS WKS TD DEFIS DEFIS WHLD WKS TD S2 FJ TD D FJ TD TD TD TD TD TD DS TD TABLE 1—Continued 6 N4258 N4254 N4239 N4232 N4231 N4229 N4227 N4216 N4213 N4203 N4200 N4192 N4187 N4179 N4169 N4168 N4128 N4125 N4077 N4065 N4111 N4073 N4070 N4062 N4061 N4036 N4026 N4022 N4003 N4002 N3998 N3990 N3962 N3945 N3944 N3940 N3923 N3904 N3900 N3898 Nome Sbc Sc Sbc SO S* SO/a E4* Sb SO SO* Sab EO* SO SO E3* SO E2 SO SO* Sc SO SO SO E6 SO* SBO* EO* E1 SO SO SO* E3 SO Sab El El* E4 E2 Type 201 205 264 145 211 158 268 141 298 222 213 230 175 252 256 141 269 469 282 164 203 182 308 234 210 249 140 122 205 195 197 175 167 114 197 128 55 81 97 85 <150 211 209 269 239 224 133 157 273 161 303 ( 144 226 (32)TD 192 217 (17) 247 226 182 173 ( 222 256 128 ( 215 304 260 166 ( 237 477 216 287 186 ( 175 200 314 189 187 234 214 124 249 245 219 199 161 116 178 197 190 88 55 52 83 97 87 0 C7(er) Source 8 ( 23) ( 27) 111) 12 37) 50) 20) 26) 20) 22) 87) 20) 26) 16) 16) 20 20) 33) 14) 38) 57) 27) ) 23) 73) 25) 20) 15) 13) 26) 28) 48) 28) 15 18) 16) 17) 19) 13) 8) 9) 6) WKS WHLD WHLD WHLD WHLD WK WM TD TD WK T1 Dr3 WK T4 TD WHLD T4 DS WHLD WHLD WRF TD TD DS Dr3 Ml WHLD WHLD T1 BBRS MK WHLD TD TD TD TD WHLD TD TD DS WM TD TD BBRS DEFIS WRF K1 TD TD DEFIS DEFIS S2 FJ 1985ApJS ... 59 .... IW N4387 N4386 N4382 N4378 N4379 N4377 N4371 N4374 N4365 N4350 N4340 N4339 N4324 N4321 N4318 N4292 N4303 N4296 N4291 N4284 N4290 N4283 N4281 N4278 N4274 N4272 N4267 N4262 N4261 N4259 N4271 Nome © American Astronomical Society • SO E5 SO SO Sa SO Type SBO SO El SBO E3 SO Sbc Sbc SBO SO* SBab Sbc* SO EO SBab E2* SO* SBO SBO E2 SO EO El El E2 200 111 193 296 181 136 262 295 127 243 192 1 16 285 244 339 135 197 132 146 107 137 162 160 176 153 71 79 90 98 95 54 210 (14) 212 (10) 321 319 302 301 197 (12) 186 (16) 298 298 285 280 182 (16) 278 273 264 (8) 263 (13) 258 (13) 211 (15) 1 10 160 201 179 (14) 290 (12)TD 251 242 240 248 (22) 445 322 320 102 (11)T1 108 114 (14)S2 102 (18)TD 138 (12) 163 (43) 165 (11) 179 (22) 156 (67)TD 81 (37) 96 G (err)Source [ 21 42) 20) } 13) 18 WHLD WK TD SI TD TD WHLD KI TD SG2 KG F 52 TD TD TD TD TD Ki 51 TD TABLE 1—Continued 7 Provided bythe NASA Astrophysics Data System N4486 N4478 N4477 N4473 N4472 N4468 N4467 N4464 N4461 N4459 N4458 N4448 N4450 N4442 N4435 N4434 N4429 N4417 N4406 N4394 Name EO SBO E2 E5 SO SO/a SBO E2 SO E2 Sab SBab SBO EO SBO SO SBO EO SBb Type E3 335 200 144 197 315 128 124 166 217 172 100 126 176 171 256 114 184 136 77 85 <160 <150 <150 550 (70) 490 358 350 348 337 330 329 318 327 315 204 (11)TD 220 148 203 150 148 145 134 365 127 356 342 335 316 310 185 308 301 182 160 110 299 298 15) 295 291 (14) 120 (6) 169 (15)TD 141 (16) 79 (91)TD a(er) s 29) 32) 37) 21) 46) 12) 16) 16) 31) 30) 11) 20) 21) 20) 14) 20) 25) T7) 14) 16) 16) 9) 8) 7) 7) 9) 6) 9) 6) WK Ml BR Dr2 Dr3 MK TD SI WR SYBSL T1 WK T1 Dr3 DEFIS WM FJ TD Wi 1 FJ MC 2 TD YSBLH M1 Source Dr3 WR WK MK WKS T1 TD D Dr3 EEC1 SI FJ Dr3 FJ FJ WK 1985ApJS ... 59 .... IW N4648 N4638 N4636 N4621 N4608 N4598 N4596 N4594 N4589 N4581 N4579 N4578 N4570 N4565 N4564 N4556 N4552 N4550 Name N4551 N4548 N4536 N4528 N4526 N4521 N4513 N4510 N4494 N4489 N4503 N4501 N4486B Type © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System SO E3 EO SBO SBO* SBO Sa Sb E5 SO SO Sb E2 E4* E6 SBO SBb SO E4 Sbc SO SO/a* SO* EO SBO Sb E3 E4* El El EO 231 217 225 133 256 241 160 149 237 273 150 185 275 150 180 136 165 121 134 110 174 194 131 120 173 174 188 93 84 54 66 235 (17) 250 (21) 219 (13) 213 (17) 201 (10) 263 (32)WKS 256 (22)KI 248 (29)S2 136 (21) 215 (35)Wi1 163 (26) 147 (9)K1 139 (39)TD 300 ( 290 251 ( 246 ( 153 (44)TD 150 116 191 153 152 ( 132 ( 110 ( 108 ( 105 ( 155 109 192 159 95 (45) G (err)Source s ' TD WK TD WKS WK TD WHLD WM WHLD TD WKS TD DEFIS MC 2 TD Dr3 TD TD TD TD TD T4 TD TD IMS IMS TABLE 1—Continued 8 N5084 N5029 N5007 N4957 N4956 N4926 N4906 N4914 N4898W N4898E N4889 N4886 N4881 N4876 N4874 N4869 N4872 N4867 N4864 N4860 N4841B N4782 N4762 N4736 N4660 N4841 N4839 N4826 N4783 N4754 N4742 N4733 N4725 N4698 N4697 N4650A N4649 Name Type SO SO* SO* E4* SO SO E3 SO E3 SBO Dbl * SBO E4 EO E5 SO Sab SBO Sab SO Sab Sab EO E3 E3 E2 EO E2 EO E4 E5 E6 E2 213 224 276 254 228 205 391 262 210 223 385 188 155 254 248 239 285 274 204 344 166 133 155 193 179 198 193 153 157 108 129 163 166 186 196 89 74 304 242 281 281 208 209 ( 110 183 ( 106 74 ( G (err)Source ( 20) ( 63) ( 33) MK Dr3 TD SUB 1985ApJS ... 59 .... IW N5638 N5629 N5598 N5596 N5576 N5575 N5546 N5544 N5532 N5525 N5513 N5490 N5482 N5481 N5459 N5457 N5454 N5445 N5424 N5423 N5421 N5389 N5384 N5382 N5380 N5370 N5342 N5332 N5331 N5329 N5322 N5302 N5297 N5266 N5250 N5228 N5195 N5194 N5180 N5129 N5127 N5102 N5223 Name © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System SO* SO* SO E1 SO* SBO/a E3 SO SO* E2* SO* Type SO* SO SO* Scd SO* SO* SO* SO* Dbl * E2 SO/a SO* SO* SO SBO* SO* SO* Dbl * SBO Sbc SO SO* SO* Sbc SO* SO EO* E3 El E2* E2 IRR 248 285 168 287 294 198 154 234 253 283 221 192 141 144 204 188 257 211 257 310 146 355 141 120 213 251 116 171 166 158 137 190 169 116 133 175 189 159 118 194 128 61 77 < 80 <150 277 228 I 202 (16) 290 (24) 292 (24) 193 189 154 299 (20) 238 (16) 258 (29) 288 (17) 157 (22) 196 (22) 225 (26) 144 (30) 147 (28) 208 (28) 262 (27) 215 (50) 262 (22) 310 192 (26) 149 (31) 144 (45) 361 (25) 217 (22) 256 (35) 122 (215) 118 (50) 174 (20) 169 (36) 161 (28) 140 (27) 194 (24) 172 (42) 118 (40) 175 (4) 136 (25) 193 (32) 175 157 133 125 198 (29) 62 (50) 80 (20) 75 G (err) v s ' 20 20 20) 20) 30) 22) 48) 15) 15) 8 Source WHLD WHLD TD DEFIS WHLD TD TD TD TD TD TD TD WHLD TD WKS WM TD WHLD TD TD TD TD TD WHLD WHLD TD TD WHLD WM WM WHLD Wi 1 TD TD TD TD C TD TD TD TD Ki TD TD TD TD TD TD TD FJ TABLE 1—Continued 9 N6166 N6146 N6137 N6107 N6095 N6086 N6051 N6021 N6020 N6018 N6008 N6003 N5982 N5966 N5879 N5866 N5865 N5857 N5852 N5846A N5839 N5846 N5845 N5838 N5831 N5820 N5813 N5796 N5791 N5773 N5771 N5770 N5754 N5746 N5718 N5710 N5707 N5702 N5684 N5676 N5642 Name SO* E2 E2* E4 E3* SO Type E2 SBb* SO* E4 E5 E3 Sbc SO SO* SBb E3 SO E4* SO SO S* SBO* SBb* Sb SO* Sab SO* SO* E2 Sbc EO E3 E3 E1 EO E6 El* E3* 302 231 284 257 323 225 248 168 244 170 280 198 144 250 244 284 231 317 186 202 224 227 178 170 235 161 190 135 171 193 179 124 172 118 160 115 113 186 23 92 93 350 288 (11) 258 (35) 235 (36) 289 (23) 262 (35) 331 (26) 229 (23) 202 (25) 253 (15) 171 (150) 248 (31) 285 (24) 173 (95) 200 335 262 (20) 147 (38) 255 246 241 263 320 286 211 190 (28) 203 238 234 210 323 (14) 206 (24) 181 170 (11) 235 (27) 231 239 164 (37) 195 (24) 138 ( 152 196 ( 182 (35) 127 ( 175 ( 120 (34) 163 (28) 117 ( 114 ( 190 (36) 24 (50) 93 95 (45) 0 G (err) / 3 ' ( 24) ( 10) i® ( 26) ( 27) 1 40) 20) 43) 30) 60) .?) §) 15) Source WHLD T2 T2 T2 MK WHLD WHLD TD TD TD FJ TD WHLD WHLD TD TD WHLD WHLD TD TD TD 52 KI WHLD WHLD WHLD TD 51 Ki WM WHLD WHLD TD SI DEFIS TD DS DS DEFIS TD TD TD TD FJ TD TD FJ TD TD TD S2 TD EEC1 EEC2 1985ApJS ... 59 .... IW N7600 N7562 N7541 N7537 N7507 N7506 N7503 N7499 N7458 N7457 N7454 N7391 N7377 N7332 N7331 N7237 N7236 N7217 N7177 N7171 N7083 N6951 N6909 N6869 N6703 N6673 N6623 N6548 N6487 N6411 N6384 N6340 N6314 N6269 N6173 N6166CG N6166C N6166B Name © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System Type SO SBbc E2 Sbc SO* SO EO E2 SO E2* SO SO E4 El* Sbc SO SO Sab Sb Sb Sbc Sbc SO SO SBO* E6 Sbc SO/a Sa E2* El* E2* E2* E3 218 154 237 (33) 313 (21) 154 (23) 150 (55) 225 (31) 257 (17) 160 160 131 ( 157 ( <7(er) Source s MCI WKS WM DS Mc2 WKS WM TD T4 Dr4 S2 TABLE 1—Continued 10 14296 14062 14045 14021 14012 14011 13959 13957 N7824 12989 12530 N7814 12082 11963 N7785 I 988 N7783 N7778 N7746 I 962 I 882 N7768 N7743 N7742 I 838 N7720B N7720 I 708 I 331 N7711 N7681 N7664 N7660 N7631 N7626 N7619 N7612 N7606 Name Type EO E4 EO E3 EO E3 E3 Sab SO* SBO Sb E5 El* SO SO* E2 Sc* Sb E3* SO* Sb E1 E2 167 270 265 (20) 177 (9) 200 (26) 102 (5) 230 (19) 193 (10) 147 (7) 269 (23) 167 (26) 165 (30) 105 (8) 156 (30) 284 (23) 242 240 (30) 196 (26) 180 (35) 170 (19) 167 (18) 386 341 480 352 306 269 267 265 263 222 203 (24) 168 (20) C7(er) Source a ( WHLD WM TD T2 WR WR W2 SG2 TD 1985ApJS ... 59 .... IW Coma-DR 87 CART-C0MP3 ARP 323 ARP 255 A2670—cD A2147-cD A2029—cD AO136-0801 A 401 U11810 U10314 U11772 U10103 U10069 U9573 U9457 U9276 U9170 U9168 U9114 U8784 U8779 U8375 U8129 U7835 U6973 U6695 U5443 U5337 U5334 U5178 U5171 U5043 U4551 U3816 U3642 U3596 U2070 U1994 U1556 U1475 U 818 U 986 14424 14329 Name © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System Type Sb* SO* SO* S* SO* EO* SO* EO* SO* SO* SO* E2* Sa* E4* SO* Sab Sa* EO Db I* SBa* — Miscellaneous S* SO* SO* SO* SO* SO* SO* SO* SO* SO* SBb* SO SO E2* EO* — UGC 222 386 286 375 164 480 (120) 252 230 245 160 213 106 298 173 171 195 236 227 173 150 257 252 224 166 228 186 130 298 213 231 193 275 168 188 177 213 288 131 74 125 99 123 179 67 60 < 60 226 (37) 396 (42) 294 (42) 375 (13) 167 (50) 257 (14) 234 (24) 249 (23) 163 (45) 217 (37) 108 (50) 303 (22) 176 (43) 174 (25) 199 (31) 230 (11) 229 (17) 176 (33) 153 (29) 261 (34) 257 (26) 228 (22) 169 (25) 190 (30) 132 (40) 303 (20) 232 (27) 196 (50) 217 (26) 235 (17) 171 (45) 280 (19) 192 (34) 180 (17) 293 (23) 217 (37) 73 (5) 134 (45) 127 (36) 125 (32) 182 (26) 99 (10) 67 (7) STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System SSBS MK S2 SG2 Fig. 1—Continued 15 TI S1 1985ApJS ... 59 .... IW -1 The adoptedvaluesforthecentralvelocitydispersionsof the standard deviationvalueshouldnotbeinterpretedasameasure we haveincluded positionandmagnitude informationfrom ual valuesagree. velocity dispersionvaluewasmorethantwicethestandard was notedthatthestandarddeviationforsomegalaxies ments. Thiswillprovideameansoftestingtherelativeac- ments isdenotedbyY.Asan aidtoplanningobservingruns, circular definitions.Thenumber ofindependentmeasure- standards werecalculatedin aslightlydifferentmannerthan of theaccuracyderivedvelocitydispersion.Itisapreci- deviation fromthemean.Certainstudies(e.g.,Minkowski discrepant valueswereeliminatedfromthecalculationif the deceptively largeowingtoonediscrepantmeasurement.These measurements. Wethenchosethosewhosemeasurements of asetstandardgalaxiesforvelocitydispersionmeasure- scaled valueswereusedinthe compilation.Thisavoidsany averages wereusedwithunsealed valuesforthestandards,but the othervalueslistedinTable 1.Thisisbecauseweighted sion index,anindicationofhowwell(orpoorly)theindivid- a valueoflessthan30kmsforthestandarddeviation. The and werealsoremovedfromthecalculation.Wethenrequired scaling factorwhereneeded. curacies ofvariousstudiesandwillallowthecalculationa 1962; Williams1977)hadobviouslargesystematicdifferences agreed well,usingthestandarddeviationasourcriterion.It 16 Dr3 .... FJ DS D Ml K1 MK .... T1 51 WHLD TD SG2 .... WK .... Wil .... SSBS ... 52 Table 4showsthegalaxiesthatweproposeasstandards. WM .... WKS ... One oftheprimarygoalsthispaperisestablishment Our firststepwastoconsiderallgalaxieswiththreeormore in thecaseofFJ). standard dispersion=scalefactorXsource(+aconstant a b a d c e Scale FactorsandFittoStandardsforVariousStudies Average Study This istheslopeofalinearleast-squaresfitform Name ofstudy(seeTable3forkey). Numberofgalaxiesincommonwithstandards. Standarddeviationofthefittostandards. Plus aconstantof-39.6(seenoteb). III. STANDARDGALAXIESFORVELOCITYDISPERSION © American Astronomical Society • Provided by theNASA Astrophysics Data System b Scale Factor e 0.990 0.942 0.655 1.027 0.976 1.123 0.885 0.994 1.039 0.968 1.010 0.985 0.984 1.018 0.966 0.956 0.986 1.445 MEASUREMENTS TABLE 2 0 Deviation Standard 48.9 27.2 10.2 23.8 15.7 28.1 10.3 15.4 44.2 21.3 11.5 13.3 24.0 17.4 18.1 23.2 21.0 19.4 7.5 Whitmore, Mcelroy,andtonry d N 18 13 43 14 16 10 10 11 6 6 6 7 8 5 7 8 7 7 8 1 velocity dispersiongradientsintheirinnerregions.Thismeans galaxies likeM31andM32(Whitmore1980;Tonry19846; or slittowashoutthesteepcentralgradients.Itmaybeuseful Dressier 19846).Ifgalaxieslikethesearetobeusedfor conditions andaperturesize.Thisisespeciallytrueofnearby our empiricalselectioncriteriabutareknowntohavesteep axies foruseasstandards.Someofthegalaxieslistedfulfill sions ofafewtheseinthecoursetheirobservations. suggest thatfuturestudiesmeasurethecentralvelocitydisper- de Vaucouleurs,andCorwin(1976).We reported inTable2isonly10kms“.However,theuseof average usedinthissample(about2"X4"). standards, careshouldbetakentousealargeenoughaperture this workasthestandardsetresultsinadeviation candidate sincethestandarddeviationfromstandards example, Dressier(1984a)mightbeconsideredagood to useanaperturewhichisapproximatelythesamesizeas that thedispersionmeasuredmaybeafunctionofseeing adopt themeasurementsfromaparticularlygoodstudy.For normal spiralsand SO’s. galaxies wereincludedwithSO’s. Barred galaxieswereincludedwiththe An alternatemethodofdefiningstandardsmightbeto It isimportanttousesomediscretionwhenchoosinggal- Fig. 2.—Plotofcentralvelocity dispersionvs.Hubbletype.SO/a HUBBLE TYPE a TABLE 3 Parameters of Source Studies D tt: © American Astronomical Society • OOOOOOOUiCNOOOOLOOUiOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOLOOOO OOOfOoißOcor^oCD^r^ > Li_ CMCMOCMOOCOOfOCOrH»—( ^■•'TrroTrLO'^-^-'^-Trroco^rLOcopO'^-Trooco^- O 0_ TABLE 3 — Continued UJ cc UJ z Z O O LU < > _) < UJ LU UJ Û- _l (O X O o h- LU z 2 < LU X Z 2 O IX)oLO o OLO to co czr C3"C2rerC2Tcr o X O CJ > LO CNI CNJCM û_û_û_£Lû_h—h— Z Mw O t-1o»-» O LO "O ■- •M- CM-M-M"TT >>->-> < CO t—l CMrH 1985ApJS ! thevaluesinTable4areused.Inaddition,Dressler’sstudy .1984,unpublished. has lessoverlapwiththeotherstudies.Forthesereasonswe .1983,Ap.J.,265,632. .1984,Ap.J.,286,116. measurements becomeavailable.Tofacilitatetheinclusionof consider thestandardsetmoreusefulthananyonestudyto .1983,Ap.J.,275,529. date. the authors. these studiesinthecompilationweurgeobserverstoconsider .1982b,inMorphologyandDynamicsofGalaxies,Twelfth Ad- .1981,inTheStructureandEvolutionofNormalGalaxies, ed. the followingpoints. .1982,M.N.R.A.S.,201,975. Malumuth, E.M.,andKirshner,R. P.1981,Ap.J.,251,508. .1984b,Ap.J.,286,97. .1984a,Ap.J.,281,512. .1980,Ap.J.{Utters),240,LIT John L.Tonry: Caltech,105-24,Pasadena, CA91125 McElroy, D.B.1983,Ap.J.,270, 485. Kormendy, J.,andIllingworth,G.1982,Ap.256,460. Jenkins, C.R.,andScheuer,P.A.G.1980,M.N.R.A.S.,192,597. Kormendy, J.1982a,Ap.J.,257,75. Knapp, G.R.,Gallagher,J.S.,andFaber,S.M.1978,A.J.,83,139. Illingworth, G.1977,Ap.J.{Utters),218,L43. .1978,M.N.R.A.S.,183,501. 21218 Illingworth, G.,andSchechter,P.L.1982,Ap.J.,256,481. Hausman, M.A.,andOstriker,J.P.1978,Ap.J.,224,320. Faber, S.M.,andJackson,R.E.1976,Ap.J.,204,668. Faber, S.M.,Burstein,D.,andDressier,A.1977,A.J.,82,941. Efstathiou, G.,Ellis,R.S.,andCarter,D.1980,M.N.R.A.S.,193,931. .1961b,Ap.J.,134,251. .1982,Ann.Rev.Astr.Ap.,20,399. Duncan, M.J.,andWheeler,J.C.1980,Ap.{Utters),231,L27. Dressier, A.,andSandage,A.1983,Ap.J.,265,664. de Vaucouleurs,G.,andOlson,D.W.1982,Ap.J.,256,346. de Vaucouleurs,G.,A.,andCorwin,H.G.1976,Second Aaronson, M.,Huebra,J.,andMould,J.1979,Ap.229,1. Douglas B.McElroyand Bradley C.Whitmore:SpaceTelescopeScienceInstitute, 3700SanMartinDrive,Baltimore,MD Dressier, A.1979,Ap.J.,231,659. de Vaucouleurs,G.1974,inIAUSymposium58,FormationandDynamics Davies, R.L.,andMorton,D.C.1982,M.N.R.A.S.,201,69P. Davies, R.L.1981,M.N.R.A.S.,194,879. Carter, D.,Efstathiou,G.,Ellis,R.S.,Inglis,I.,andGodwin,J.1981, Capaccioli, M.1979,inPhotometry,Kinematics,andDynamicsofGal- Caldwell, N.1984,Ap.J.,278,96. Brandt, J.C.,andRoosen,R.C.1969,Ap.{Letters),156,L59. Davies, R.L,andIllingworth,G.D.1983,Ap.J.,266,516. Davies, R.L.,Efstathiou,G.,Fall,S.M.,Illingworth,andSchechter, Burbidge, E.M.,G.R.,andFish,R.A.1961a,Ap.J.,133, Binney, J.,andMamón,G.A.1982,M.N.R.A.S.,200,361. Binney, J.1976,M.N.R.A.S.,111,19. Bertola, F.,Bettoni,D.,Rusconi,L.,andSedmak,G.1984,A.J.,89,356. 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Sargent, W.L.W.,Schechter,P.L.,Boksenberg,A.,andShortridge,K. Pritchet, C.1978,Ap.J.,221,507. Morton, D.C,Andereck,C.D.,andBernard,A.1977,Ap.J.,212, Minkowski, R.1962,inIAUSymposium15,ProblemsofExtragalactic Hartwick, F.D.A.1978,Ap.J., 222, 450. 68. M.N.R.A.S., 203,701. M.N.R.A.S., 196,381. C. R.,andHartwick,F.D.A.1978,Ap.J.,221,731. 1977, Ap.J.,212,326. 13. Research, ed.G.C.McVittie(NewYork:Macmillan),p.112. Obs. Ann.,Vol.6). We wouldliketothankSarahStevens-Raybumforhelpin 4. Observeseveralstandardsinthecourseofobserva- 3. Considerthetechnicalproblemswhichaifectdata. 21
1985Apjs ... 59 ...IW the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 59:1-21,1985 September © 1985. the American Astronomical S
