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A Modified Sverdrup Model of the Atlantic and Caribbean Circulation
MARCH 2002 WAJSOWICZ 973 A Modi®ed Sverdrup Model of the Atlantic and Caribbean Circulation ROXANA C. WAJSOWICZ* Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland (Manuscript received 9 October 2000, in ®nal form 6 August 2001) ABSTRACT An analytical model of the mean wind-driven circulation of the North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea is constructed based on linear dynamics and assumed existence of a level of no motion above all topography. The circulation around each island is calculated using the island rule, which is extended to describe an arbitrary length chain of overlapping islands. Frictional effects in the intervening straits are included by assuming a linear dependence on strait transport. Asymptotic expansions in the limit of strong and weak friction show that the transport streamfunction on an island boundary is dependent on wind stress over latitudes spanning the whole length of the island chain and spanning just immediately adjacent islands, respectively. The powerfulness of the method in enabling the wind stress bands, which determine a particular strait transport, to be readily identi®ed, is demonstrated by a brief explanation of transport similarities and differences in earlier numerical models forced by various climatological wind stress products. In the absence of frictional effects outside western boundary layers, some weaker strait transports are in the wrong direction (e.g., Santaren Channel) and others are too large (e.g., Old Bahama Channel). Also, there is no western boundary current to the east of Abaco Island. Including frictional effects in the straits enables many of these discrepancies to be resolved. -
Final Report
Time to lay down the law National legislation to enforce the BWC The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, is the Verification Research, Training and Information Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) Centre, an independent, non-profit making, non-govern- Time to lay down the law and Toxin Weapons and on eir Destruction () obliges mental organisation. Its mission is to promote effective and states parties to take any necessary national measures to efficient verification as a means of ensuring confidence in National legislation to enforce the BWC implement the treaty in their territory. States parties have the implementation of international agreements and intra- agreed that this requires the adoption of legislation, including national agreements with international involvement. penal sanctions. aims to achieve its mission through research, training, Only now, thirty years after the treaty’s adoption, are states dissemination of information, and interaction with the parties collectively considering what legislative provisions relevant political, diplomatic, technical, scientific and non- are required to effectively enforce the treaty. This report is governmental communities. intended to assist states parties in this endeavour by assessing The Centre is based at Baird House, – St. Cross Street, the current status of their national legislation to enforce the London, , United Kingdom. treaty’s core prohibitions. The report provides comparative Phone +.()... analysis of existing legislation, makes recommendations for Fax +.()... increasing the rate of adoption of legislation and proposes E-mail [email protected] ways to make existing and new legislation more effective. Web www.vertic.org It should be of use to states parties preparing to adopt or amend legislation, states and organisations providing assist- Design and production: Richard Jones, Exile: Design and ance to states parties, and to the international community Editorial Services ([email protected]). -
Rodondo Island
BIODIVERSITY & OIL SPILL RESPONSE SURVEY January 2015 NATURE CONSERVATION REPORT SERIES 15/04 RODONDO ISLAND BASS STRAIT NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES, PARKS, WATER AND ENVIRONMENT RODONDO ISLAND – Oil Spill & Biodiversity Survey, January 2015 RODONDO ISLAND BASS STRAIT Biodiversity & Oil Spill Response Survey, January 2015 NATURE CONSERVATION REPORT SERIES 15/04 Natural and Cultural Heritage Division, DPIPWE, Tasmania. © Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment ISBN: 978-1-74380-006-5 (Electronic publication only) ISSN: 1838-7403 Cite as: Carlyon, K., Visoiu, M., Hawkins, C., Richards, K. and Alderman, R. (2015) Rodondo Island, Bass Strait: Biodiversity & Oil Spill Response Survey, January 2015. Natural and Cultural Heritage Division, DPIPWE, Hobart. Nature Conservation Report Series 15/04. Main cover photo: Micah Visoiu Inside cover: Clare Hawkins Unless otherwise credited, the copyright of all images remains with the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. This work is copyright. It may be reproduced for study, research or training purposes subject to an acknowledgement of the source and no commercial use or sale. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Branch Manager, Wildlife Management Branch, DPIPWE. Page | 2 RODONDO ISLAND – Oil Spill & Biodiversity Survey, January 2015 SUMMARY Rodondo Island was surveyed in January 2015 by staff from the Natural and Cultural Heritage Division of the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (DPIPWE) to evaluate potential response and mitigation options should an oil spill occur in the region that had the potential to impact on the island’s natural values. Spatial information relevant to species that may be vulnerable in the event of an oil spill in the area has been added to the Australian Maritime Safety Authority’s Oil Spill Response Atlas and all species records added to the DPIPWE Natural Values Atlas. -
Igneous Rocks of Peter I Island Hemisphere Tectonic Reconstructions
LeMasurier, W. E., and F. A. Wade. In press. Volcanic history in Marie Byrd Land: implications with regard to southern Igneous rocks of Peter I Island hemisphere tectonic reconstructions. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Andean and Antarctic Vol- canology Problems, Santiago, Chile (0. Gonzalez-Ferran, edi- tor). Rome, International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of Earths Interior. THOMAS W. BASTIEN Price, R. C., and S. R. Taylor. 1973. The geochemistry of Dune- Ernest E. Lehmann Associates din Volcano, East Otago, New Zealand: rare earth elements. Minneapolis, Minnesota 55403 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 40: 195-205. Sun, S. S., and G. N. Hanson. 1975. Origin of Ross Island basanitoids and limitations upon the heterogeneity of mantle CAMPBELL CRADDOCK sources of alkali basalts and nephelinites. Contributions to Department of Geology and Geophysics Mineralogy and Petrology, 52: 77-106. The University of Wisconsin, Madison Sun, S. S., and G. N. Hanson. 1976. Rare earth element evi- Madison, Wisconsin 53706 dence for differentiation of McMurdo volcanics, Ross Island, Antarctica. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 54: 139-155. Peter I Island lies in the southeastern Pacific Ocean at 68°50S. 90°40W. about 240 nautical miles off the Eights Coast of West Antarctica. Ris- ing from the continental rise, it is one of the few truly oceanic islands in the region. Few people have been on the island, and little is known of its geology. Thaddeus von Bellingshausen discovered and named the island in 1821, and it was not seen again until sighted by Pierre Charcot in 1910. A Nor- wegian ship dredged some rocks off the west coast in 1927, and persons from the Norvegia achieved the first landing in 1929. -
National Report Norway
HCA9-07.4Ad IHO HYDROGRAPHIC COMMITTEE ON ANTARCTICA (HCA) 9th Meeting, Simon’s Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 October 2009 NATIONAL REPORT – NORWAY NORWEGIAN HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE (NHS) 1. General The Norwegian Hydrographic Service (NHS) is responsible for the provision of hydrographic services for Norwegian waters and sea areas, including the Svalbard and Jan Mayen area. In Antarctica the Norwegian geographical area of interest mainly is concentrated in Dronning Maud Land (Queen Maud Land) and the adjacent Kong Håkon VII Hav (King Håkon VII Sea). Peter I Øy (Peter I Island) in the Bellingshausen Sea and Bouvetøya (Bouvet Island) are also Norwegian dependencies. However, the latter is north of the 60 parallel. In July 2008, Norway reached the goal of full ENC coverage for the Norwegian coast. Although this was a major step forwards, there still remains large areas with old data that needs to be replaced with new survey data. In addition, large areas on Svalbard remain to be surveyed and covered with ENCs and papercharts. The NHS has established a fully digital production flowline and all new products and updates are produced from a seamless Primary database. A new chart production system that enables more efficient maintenance of the ENC and chart portfolio is currently being fully implemented. The NHS intends to establish a Tracing service in 2009 and Print on Demand in 2010. Two projects are being carried out in order to develop the services including the technology needed to support it. PRIMAR International ENC service, operated by the Norwegian Hydrographic Service, now includes approx 8400 ENCs from more than 35 countries. -
Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma -
New Records for GASTROPODA Class of Species Found in the Rocky Intertidal Zone of the Marine Priority Region 32, Guerrero, Mexico
Open Journal of Marine Science, 2014, 4, 221-237 Published Online July 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojms http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2014.43021 New Records for GASTROPODA Class of Species Found in the Rocky Intertidal Zone of the Marine Priority Region 32, Guerrero, Mexico Carmina Torreblanca-Ramírez1, Rafael Flores-Garza2, Jesús Emilio Michel-Morfin3, José Luis Rosas-Acevedo1, Pedro Flores-Rodríguez2, Sergio García-Ibáñez2 1Unidad de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico 2Laboratorio de Ecología Costera y Sustentabilidad, Unidad Académica de Ecología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico 3Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara, Melaque, Mexico Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received 15 May 2014; revised 22 June 2014; accepted 3 July 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The GASTROPODA class, one of the best known marine environments, is formed by a large number of species and the shape of their shell structure varies greatly. These mollusks are distributed from the intertidal zone all the way to the abyssal zone, and there are also swimming and floating species. This research was conducted at seven sites, located in the Marina Priority Region 32 (MPR 32), located in the State of Guerrero, Mexico. The aim of this report is to document the scope of the geographic distribution of the 34 species of GASTROPODA class. -
The Edgar Mittelholzer Memorial Lectures
BEACONS OF EXCELLENCE: THE EDGAR MITTELHOLZER MEMORIAL LECTURES VOLUME 3: 1986-2013 Edited and with an Introduction by Andrew O. Lindsay 1 Edited by Andrew O. Lindsay BEACONS OF EXCELLENCE: THE EDGAR MITTELHOLZER MEMORIAL LECTURES - VOLUME 3: 1986-2013 Preface © Andrew Jefferson-Miles, 2014 Introduction © Andrew O. Lindsay, 2014 Cover design by Peepal Tree Press Cover photograph: Courtesy of Jacqueline Ward All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without permission. Published by the Caribbean Press. ISBN 978-1-907493-67-6 2 Contents: Tenth Series, 1986: The Arawak Language in Guyanese Culture by John Peter Bennett FOREWORD by Denis Williams .......................................... 3 PREFACE ................................................................................. 5 THE NAMING OF COASTAL GUYANA .......................... 7 ARAWAK SUBSISTENCE AND GUYANESE CULTURE ........................................................................ 14 Eleventh Series, 1987. The Relevance of Myth by George P. Mentore PREFACE ............................................................................... 27 MYTHIC DISCOURSE......................................................... 29 SOCIETY IN SHODEWIKE ................................................ 35 THE SELF CONSTRUCTED ............................................... 43 REFERENCES ....................................................................... 51 Twelfth Series, 1997: Language and National Unity by Richard Allsopp CHAIRMAN’S FOREWORD -
Long-Term Variability and Trends in the Caribbean Sea
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Oceanography Volume 2011, Article ID 465810, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2011/465810 Research Article Long-Term Variability and Trends in the Caribbean Sea Mark R. Jury1, 2 1 Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico at Mayag¨uez, Mayag¨uez 00681, Puerto Rico 2 University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa Correspondence should be addressed to Mark R. Jury, [email protected] Received 30 September 2010; Revised 22 December 2010; Accepted 8 January 2011 Academic Editor: William Hsieh Copyright © 2011 Mark R. Jury. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Upper ocean conditions in the Caribbean Sea are studied for long-term variability and trends using filtered surface observations and ocean model reanalysis fields. A principal component analysis is made, and trends in the leading mode are extracted. Sea surface temperature shows an accelerating upward trend while air pressure exhibits quasidecadal fluctuations. Sea surface height and subsurface temperature rise linearly while subsurface salinity exhibits fresher upper and saltier lower layers. The amplitude of warming is highest in the southern Caribbean east of 75◦W near 150 m and lowest near the surface, indicating little role for a top-down process such as air-sea exchange. The freshening surface layer does not appear connected to river discharge or regional rainfall, so changes in ocean advection and sources are the likely drivers. Westward currents exhibit a reduction of throughflow and an influx from the Windward Passage. -
Argentine and Chilean Claims to British Antarctica. - Bases Established in the South Shetlands
Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume VI-VII, February, 1948 Argentine, Chilean, British, Page 9133 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved. Argentine and Chilean Claims to British Antarctica. - Bases established in the South Shetlands. - Chilean President inaugurates Chilean Army Bases on Greenwich Island. - Argentine Naval Demonstration in British Antarctic Waters. - H.M.S. "Nigeria" despatched to Falklands. - British Government Statements. - Argentine-Chilean Agreement on Joint Defence of "Antarctic Rights." - The Byrd and Ronne Antarctic Expeditions. - Australian Antarctic Expedition occupies Heard Islands. The Foreign-Office in London, in statements on Feb. 7 and Feb. 13, announced that Argentina and Chile had rejected British protests, earlier presented in Buenos Aires and Santiago, against the action of those countries in establishing bases in British Antarctic territories. The announcement of Feb. 7 stated that on Dec. 7, 1947, the British Ambassador in Buenos Aires, Sir Reginald Leeper, had presented a Note expressing British "anxiety" at the activities in the Antarctic of an Argentine naval expedition which had visited part of the Falkland Islands Dependencies, including Graham Land, the South Shetlands, and the South Orkneys, and had landed at various points in British territory; that a request had been made for Argentine nationals to evacuate bases established on Deception Island and Gamma Island, in the South Shetlands; that H.M. Government had proposed that the Argentine should submit her claim to Antarctic sovereignty to the International Court of Justice for adjudication; and that on Dec. 23, 1947, a second British Note had been presented expressing surprise at continued violations of British territory and territorial waters by Argentine vessels in the Antarctic. -
Mass Transport and Internal Flow Patterns at Windward Passage
Mass Transport and Internal Flow Patterns at Windward Passage Ryan Smith 23 April 2008 Introduction and Motivation Methodology The Gulf Stream system is fed via Atlantic inflow The study’s moored array consisted of five current through the passages of the Bahamas and the meter moorings, two inverted echo sounders (IES), and Caribbean. Its role both as a return pathway for the two shallow pressure gauges, deployed between Cuba Sverdrup flow from the North Atlantic subtropical gyre and Haiti along the sill of Windward Passage. The and as the upper western boundary component of the array was operational for 16 months, between October Meridional Overturning Cell (MOC) is well- 2003 and February 2005. documented (Schmitz and Richardson, 1991; and others). Over this same period, four oceanographic research cruises were conducted in the region. Repeat Historically, a disparity has existed between the amount hydrographic stations were occupied during each of research focused on the downstream components of survey, and full water column measurements of this system (Florida Current, Gulf Stream, Gulf Stream conductivity, temperature, depth, dissolved oxygen, and extension) and the upstream study of Atlantic inflow velocity were collected using an instrumentation into the Caribbean Sea through the Caribbean passages. package equipped with a Sea-Bird 9plus CTD+O2 and Windward Passage, one of the largest of these passages, 24 bottle rosette water sampler, a lowered downward- separates the islands of Cuba and Hispaniola in the looking 150 kHz RD Instruments (RDI) broadband northern Caribbean Sea. Despite being recognized as acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP), and an an important inflow channel to the Caribbean for over upward-looking 300 kHz RDI Workhorse LADCP 70 years (Seiwell, 1938; Wüst, 1963; Worthington, (cruises 2-4 only). -
Narrative of the Expedition Promoted by the Australasian Ornithologists
Vol. VIII.1 White, Expedition to Islands of Bass Strait. 1909 j *95 Narrative of the Expedition Promoted by the Austral¬ asian Ornithologists* Union to the Islands of Bass Strait. By (Capt.) S. A. White, Adelaide. In connection with the Melbourne session of the A.O.U., the Council resolved to have an expedition to the various islands in Bass Strait, and appointed Mr. A. H. E. Mattingley, C.M.Z.S., sole organizer and leader. On the 24th November last, at midnight, the following ornithologists and friends met on the South Wharf, Melbourne, and boarded the specially chartered s.s. Manawatu, namely :— W. N. Atkins, H. Baker (Consul for U.S. America), J. Barr, C. L. Barrett (The Herald), Captain J. Gilkison, W. Grattan, Z. Gray, G. T. Howard, B.A., B.S., M.D, W. Kendall, M.R.C.V.S., A. H. Kenyon, J. A. Kershaw, F.E.S., A. C. Langmore, J. Leach, M.Sc., C. L. Lempriere, M.B., C.M., Edin., A. ^ H. Mattingley, C.M.Z.S., J. W. Mellor, D. Macdonald (The Argus), E. B. Nicholls, M.A.C.D., H. Huntington Peck, O. G. Perry, G. M. Robertson, Q. W. Rosenhain, A. Scott, A. N. B. Were, Captain S. A. White, and Mrs. S. A. White. Under easy steam we brought up the following afternoon off Seal Rocks, Western Port, and the deep, wailing cry of these strange animals could be heard several miles to leeward. A strong wind was blowing arid a heavy sea was running, but in spite of this Dr.