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Facultad De Ciencias Políticas Y Administración Pública UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA TESIS COMPOSICIÓN E INTERACCIÓN DE LA RED DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE RADIODIFUSIÓN Y TELECOMUNICACIONES EN LA NEGOCIACIÓN DE LAS LEYES DE 2006 Y 2014 Y SUS EFECTOS EN EL RÉGIMEN REGULATORIO PRESENTADA POR CINTIA SMITH PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE DOCTOR EN FILOSOFÍA CON ORIENTACIÓN EN CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Noviembre 2015 UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA TESIS COMPOSICIÓN E INTERACCIÓN DE LA RED DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE RADIODIFUSIÓN Y TELECOMUNICACIONES EN LA NEGOCIACIÓN DE LAS LEYES DE 2006 Y 2014 Y SUS EFECTOS EN EL RÉGIMEN REGULATORIO PRESENTADA POR CINTIA SMITH PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE DOCTOR EN FILOSOFÍA CON ORIENTACIÓN EN CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS DIRECTOR DE TESIS CYNTHIA CAROLINA ARROYO RIVERO Monterrey, Nuevo León, México a Noviembre de 2015 UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA DOCTORADO EN FILOSOFÍA CON ACENTUACIÓN EN CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Los integrantes del H. Jurado examinador de la sustentante: CINTIA SMITH Hacemos constar que hemos revisado y aprobado la tesis titulada: COMPOSICIÓN E INTERACCIÓN DE LA RED DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE RADIODIFUSIÓN Y TELECOMUNICACIONES EN LA NEGOCIACIÓN DE LAS LEYES DE 2006 Y 2014 Y SUS EFECTOS EN EL RÉGIMEN REGULATORIO FIRMAS DEL HONORABLE JURADO ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Dra. Cynthia Carolina Arroyo Rivera Dr. Carlos Muñiz Muriel Presidente Secretario __________________________________ ___________________________________ Dra. Claire Wrigth Dr. Severo Efraín Villarreal Solís Primer Vocal Segundo Vocal ______________________________________________ Dr. José Fabian Ruíz Tercer Vocal Unidad Mederos, Monterrey, Nuevo León a Noviembre de 2015 DECLARACIÓN DE AUTENTICIDAD Yo, Cintia Smith, declaro en honor a la verdad que este trabajo de tesis es de mi autoría. No ha sido previamente presentado para ningún grado o calificación profesional; y he consultado las referencias bibliográficas que se incluyen en este documento. DEDICATORIA A mi familia. A la ue e io ee… Papá y mamá, soy exactamente lo que ustedes proyectaron en mí, una persona que no se cansa de perseguir retos y que siempre busca hacerlos bien. A la ue o foé juto a i esposo… Riva, no hubiera llegado a cumplir este sueño sin tu impulso. Gracias por creer siempre en mí. Quiero envejecer a tu lado. Lucy y Andrés, espero que este momento los haga sentir orgullosos de mamá y que aprendan que la perseverancia es el límite de sus sueños. AGRADECIMIENTOS Gracias al Tecnológico de Monterrey que apostó a mi formación doctoral. Espero poder retribuir a la organización con todos los nuevos conocimientos y competencias que esta experiencia me ha imprimido. Gracias a la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León por haberme abierto las puertas a un nuevo mundo académico en donde he conocido compañeros y profesores entrañables. Especialmente gracias a mi asesora de tesis, Dra. Cynthia Arroyo, por acompañarme en el proceso de recorrer este camino con libertad intelectual y rigor científico. Gracias a mi amigo, compatriota y colega, José, que en estos años fue guía teórico, metodológico, pero sobre todo espiritual. Gracias a Mary por cuidar de mis hijos cuando no podía estar allí. Gracias a Adelmary, sus habilidades gráficas llevaron este documento a otro nivel estético. Gracias a Mariana, Gaby y Nacho por sus comentarios durante todo el transcurso de la tesis. Siempre me dedicaron su tiempo para escuchar dudas, proponer literatura y uno que otro regaño oportuno para recordar las prioridades de vida. Gracias a mis queridos alumnos y exalumnos que colaboraron en diferentes partes del proceso, so i edadeo apital soial. A Faiso Beaidez po apoae o la eopilaió de información y asistencia para la preparación de tablas de coaliciones legislativas; a Emilio Ramírez y Manuel Haces por su invaluable apoyo en conseguir contactos para entrevistas y a Diana Maldonado por transcribir entrevistas. ÍNDICE CAPÍTULO I: PRESENTACIÓN DE LOS COMPONENTES PRINCIPALES .............................................. 2 1.1. Introducción ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Antecedentes ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Planteamiento del problema ............................................................................................... 5 1.4. Justificación .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.5. Objetivos .............................................................................................................................. 6 1.6. Hipótesis ............................................................................................................................... 7 1.7. Marco conceptual ................................................................................................................ 8 1.8. Modelo de investigación ...................................................................................................... 9 1.9. Diseño de la investigación .................................................................................................... 9 1.10. Matriz de congruencia ..................................................................................................... 11 CAPÍTULO II: PANORAMA HISTÓRICO DEL SISTEMA DE RADIODIFUSIÓN MEXICANO ................. 13 2.1. Una aproximación a las relaciones entre el sistema político y el sistema de medios ....... 13 2.2. Naturaleza y surgimiento del sistema mexicano ............................................................... 15 2.3. La primera regulación de radiodifusión ............................................................................. 18 2.4. El modelo tributario de la radiodifusión ............................................................................ 20 2.5. El capítulo sobre el derecho a la información .................................................................... 22 2.6. Retos del sistema de radiodifusión a finales del siglo XX .................................................. 23 2.7. Síntesis sobre el panorama histórico del sistema de radiodifusión mexicana .................. 27 CAPÍTULO III: LA REDEFINICIÓN DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE EL SISTEMA POLÍTICO Y EL SISTEMA DE MEDIOS A PARTIR DE 2000. .......................................................................................................... 28 3.1. Contexto político de las transformaciones ........................................................................ 28 3.2. La eliminación del 12.5% .................................................................................................... 30 3.3. La regulación de la Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT) ........................................................ 33 3.4. La reformas legislativa de 2006 .......................................................................................... 35 3.5. La reformas del ejecutivo en materia de convergencia digital .......................................... 38 3.6. Resistencias de la clase política a la modificación del marco regulatorio ......................... 39 3.6.1. El recurso de inconstitucionalidad y el fallo de la Corte Suprema de Justicia ............ 39 3.6.2. La Reforma Electoral de 2007 ...................................................................................... 44 3.7. Síntesis de los fenómenos más representativos en materia de radiodifusión durante los gobiernos panistas .................................................................................................................... 47 CAPÍTULO IV: AJUSTES DE LA RELACIÓN POLÍTICA-MEDIOS CON EL REGRESO DEL PRI AL PODER ....................................................................................................................................................... 49 4.1. Contexto político de las transformaciones ........................................................................ 49 4.2. La Reforma constitucional en materia de Telecomunicaciones ........................................ 52 4.3. Efectos de la Reforma constitucional de 2013 ................................................................... 57 4.4. El proceso de la reforma secundaria o la Ley Telecom ...................................................... 60 4.5. El contenido de las leyes secundarias de 2014 .................................................................. 62 4.5.1. La naturaleza de la concesión ...................................................................................... 62 4.5.2. Los agentes preponderantes y con poder sustancial de mercado: medidas diferenciadas según sectores ................................................................................................ 64 4.5.3. De las nuevas condiciones técnicas: cuestiones de multiprogramación, must carrier, must offer e interconexión .................................................................................................... 69 4.5.4. Particularidades de algunos transitorios de la ley ...................................................... 77 4.6. Efectos de la nueva ley en el corto plazo ........................................................................... 80 4.7. Síntesis sobre la evolución del sistema de medios y telecomunicaciones en México. ..... 87 CAPÍTULO V: APROXIMACIONES
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