The Roosevelt Years, 1932-1945 Bibliographie 1
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The Origins of the Permanent War Economy
SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 The Origins of the Permanent War Economy F THOMAS K. DUNCAN AND CHRISTOPHER J. COYNE he military-industrial complex that Dwight D. Eisenhower (1961) warned of has become a vast network of expanded political power, enlarged profits, and T increased state authority. Indeed, national security, in terms of dollars, men- tality, and interests, has bled into nearly every aspect of American life (Turse 2008), into nearly every federal department (Mueller and Stewart 2011), into domestic and international humanitarian efforts (Coyne 2008, 2013), and even into domestic policing (Hall and Coyne 2013). -
View of the New Deal at the National Level
“THE BEST FORM OF ASSISTANCE ALWAYS IS THE KIND THAT ENABLES FOLKS TO HELP THEMSELVES”: PUBLIC REACTION TO THE NEW DEAL IN HANCOCK, SENECA, AND WOOD COUNTIES OF OHIO Anthony J. Bolton A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2021 Committee: Rebecca Mancuso, Advisor Michael Brooks © 2021 Anthony J. Bolton All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Rebecca Mancuso, Advisor The Great Depression and New Deal had a profound impact on the United States. It led to the need for fundamental changes in the nation, especially regarding the federal government’s role and size. The beginning of the Great Depression marked the end of the “New Era” that the United States had experienced in the 1920s. However, one group of Americans—farmers—did not participate in this “New Era,” including those in three Northwestern Ohio counties: Hancock, Seneca, and Wood. This study analyzes through voting and media analysis how these three counties reacted to the Great Depression and the New Deal from 1929 to 1936. As the Depression continued to worsen, their suffering continued and even worsened, and with Herbert Hoover’s inability to provide relief or a path to recovery, these counties and the rest of the nation turned to Franklin Roosevelt and his promise of a “new deal” to provide that relief. Within these counties, the New Deal was initially seen as successful; however, it was soon seen as having a corrosive effect on traditional American values. Because of this, these counties rejected Roosevelt and the New Deal in 1936, while the rest of the nation overwhelmingly supported him. -
War Economy and the New Wars: a Case Study of Kosovo’S War Economy
War Economy and the New Wars: A case study of Kosovo’s War Economy Ecaterina Ciutac Student Number: 104517008 MA Governance, Leadership and Democracy Studies Supervisor Prof.ª Doutora Mónica Dias Date: 27/09/2019 Acknowledgements During the first year of the course of M.A. Governance, Leadership & Democracy Studies, I had the pleasure to attend the classes of Professor Mónica Dias. It was from her classes and her way of teaching that brought inspiration to the topic of this thesis. Thanks to Professor Mónica’s attention, guidance, and dedication in supervising the project and thesis, it was possible to accomplish this important step in my academic life. Abstract Word Count Dissertation: 28 658 Word count abstract: 334 This dissertation aims to study the relationship between the economic dimension of “new wars” and the perpetuation of violence. The analysis on the economic dimension of “new wars” shows that it is an essential aspect to understand in an interconnected and globalized setting because there are impacts on the state-building and on the social and political spheres. The main question of the thesis is going to analyze the main aspects of the war economy in Kosovo. One of the hypotheses holds that in contemporary wars, the state suffers increased levels of violence, which leads to a non-ending cycle of internal crisis, because of the economic aspect of war. The goal is to explore this hypothesis and to analyze the nature and characteristics of the war economy as well as, to understand how the perpetuation of violence can easily spread on a transnational level. -
The Buildup of the German War Economy: the Importance of the Nazi-Soviet Economic Agreements of 1939 and 1940 by Samantha Carl I
The Buildup of the German War Economy: The Importance of the Nazi-Soviet Economic Agreements of 1939 and 1940 By Samantha Carl INTRODUCTION German-Soviet relations in the early half of the twentieth century have been marked by periods of rapprochement followed by increasing tensions. After World War I, where the nations fought on opposite sides, Germany and the Soviet Union focused on their respective domestic problems and tensions began to ease. During the 1920s, Germany and the Soviet Union moved toward normal relations with the signing of the Treaty of Rapallo in 1922.(1) Tensions were once again apparent after 1933, when Adolf Hitler gained power in Germany. Using propaganda and anti-Bolshevik rhetoric, Hitler depicted the Soviet Union as Germany's true enemy.(2) Despite the animosity between the two nations, the benefits of trade enabled them to maintain economic relations throughout the inter-war period. It was this very relationship that paved the way for the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 1939 and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. Nazi-Soviet relations on the eve of the war were vital to the war movement of each respective nation. In essence, the conclusion of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact on August 23, 1939 allowed Germany to augment its war effort while diminishing the Soviet fear of a German invasion.(3) The betterment of relations was a carefully planned program in which Hitler sought to achieve two important goals. First, he sought to prevent a two-front war from developing upon the invasion of Poland. Second, he sought to gain valuable raw materials that were necessary for the war movement.(4) The only way to meet these goals was to pursue the completion of two pacts with the Soviet Union: an economic agreement as well as a political one. -
9Th Grade Textbook Packet
To defeat Japanese in the military during the war, including 350,000 women. ITALY AND GERMANY In 1922, and Italian fascism, the United States mobilized all i~periilism and German former journalist Benito Mussolini ,.foe massive government spending required to wage ofits economic resources. and 40,000 of his black-shirted sup nd wrenched the economy out ofthe total war boosted industrial production a porters seized control of Italy, taking Great Depression. advantage of a paralyzed political sys Four years after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States and its allies tem incapable of dealing with wide in the cos!!_iest and most destructive war in history. Cit emerged victorious spread unemployment, runaway d, nations dismembered, and societies transformed. More ies were destroye inflation, mass strikes, and fears of million people were killed in the war between 1939 and 1945-per than 50 communism. By 1925, Mussolini was ofthem civilians, including millions ofJews and other ethnic haps 60 percent wielding dictatorial power;:s "Il Duce" eath camps and Soviet concentration camps. minorities in Nazi d (the Leader). He called his version -of and scale of the Second World War ended America's tra The global scope antisociali~ totalitarian nationalism ofisolationism. By 1945, the United States was the world's most power dition Jascisn1, All political parties except the and global responsibilitie~. The war ful nation, with new international interests Fascists were eliminated, and several in Europe and Asia that the Soviet Union and the United left power vacuums political opponents were murdered. fill to protect their military, economic, and political interests. -
The London Monetary and Economic Conference of 1933 and the End of the Great Depression: a “Change of Regime” Analysis
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE LONDON MONETARY AND ECONOMIC CONFERENCE OF 1933 AND THE END OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION: A “CHANGE OF REGIME” ANALYSIS Sebastian Edwards Working Paper 23204 http://www.nber.org/papers/w23204 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 February 2017 I thank Michael Poyker for his assistance. I thank Michael Bordo, Josh Hausman, and George Tavlas for comments. I have benefitted from conversations with Ed Leamer. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2017 by Sebastian Edwards. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The London Monetary and Economic Conference of 1933 and the End of The Great Depression: A “Change of Regime” Analysis Sebastian Edwards NBER Working Paper No. 23204 February 2017 JEL No. B21,B22,B26,E3,E31,E42,F31,N22 ABSTRACT In this paper I analyze the London Monetary and Economic Conference of 1933, an almost forgotten episode in U.S. monetary history. I study how the Conference shaped dollar policy during the second half of 1933 and early 1934. I use daily data to investigate the way in which the Conference and related policies associated to the gold standard affected commodity prices, bond prices, and the stock market. -
The Changing Military Industrial Complex
The Changing Military Industrial Complex J Paul Dunne University of the West of England, Bristol and University of Cape Town Elisabeth Sköns Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) Stockholm March 2011 Abstract The first reference to a military industrial complex (MIC) was made by US President Eisenhower in 1961. He then referred to something historically specific: the build-up of a large permanent military establishment and a permanent arms industry, which raised his concerns for the unwarranted influence of these societal forces. Subsequently the meaning of the MIC evolved to refer to the vested interests within the state and industry in expanding the military sector and in increasing military spending, with external threats providing the justification. During the Cold War, when the defence was strongly focused on deterrence, this produced a set of specific state-industry relationships that in turn generated a beneficial environment for the development and strengthening of the MIC. With the end of the Cold War, the conditions for a strong MIC were less favourable, at least initially, with changes in the international security environment, cuts in military spending and arms production, and ensuing privatisation, commercialisation, and internationalisation of military activities as well as of arms production. This paper discusses how the MIC has been affected by these changes and the degree to which there has been continuity of old power structures and a continuing MIC. Keywords: Military industrial complex; arms production JEL: H56; D4 1 Introduction Dwight Eisenhower, an ex-military Republican President of the USA, in his 1961 Farewell Address was the first to express concern about the impact of the ‘conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry’, which, he noted, was ‘new in American experience’. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 111 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 111 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 156 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 21, 2010 No. 108 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was Mr. UDALL of New Mexico thereupon Let me explain as clearly as I can called to order by the Honorable TOM assumed the chair as Acting President what happened in the Senate yesterday UDALL, a Senator from the State of pro tempore. and what is continuing to happen this New Mexico. f morning. I want to explain it especially for the tens of thousands of Nevadans PRAYER RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY and 2.5 million Americans waiting for The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- LEADER the emergency unemployment assist- fered the following prayer: The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ance they have been told is on the way. Let us pray. pore. The majority leader is recog- Yesterday afternoon, the Senate Eternal Spirit, give us hearts wide nized. moved, at long last, to within one open to the joy and beauty of Your cre- f step—one simple-majority vote—of ative power. Enable the Members of passing long-overdue help for the un- this body to sense the transcendent in SCHEDULE employed. This is emergency help for the beauty of the Earth and the glory Mr. REID. Mr. President, following those who have exhausted their insur- of the skies. Help them hear Your leader remarks, there will be a period ance benefits because these days it music in the symphony of the seasons, of morning business for an hour. -
Privatization, State Militarization Through War, and Durable Social Exclusion in Post-Soviet Armenia Anna Martirosyan University of Missouri-St
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 7-18-2014 Privatization, State Militarization through War, and Durable Social Exclusion in Post-Soviet Armenia Anna Martirosyan University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Martirosyan, Anna, "Privatization, State Militarization through War, and Durable Social Exclusion in Post-Soviet Armenia" (2014). Dissertations. 234. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/234 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Privatization, State Militarization through War, and Durable Social Exclusion in Post-Soviet Armenia Anna Martirosyan M.A., Political Science, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2008 M.A., Public Policy Administration, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2002 B.A., Teaching Foreign Languages, Vanadzor Teachers' Training Institute, Armenia, 1999 A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School at the University of Missouri - St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science July 11, 2014 Advisory Committee David Robertson, Ph.D. (Chair) Eduardo Silva, Ph.D. Jean-Germain Gros, Ph.D. Kenneth Thomas, Ph.D. Gerard Libardian, Ph.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS i -
A World at Total War Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937–1945
P1: JZX 0521834325agg.xml CY465-Chickering 0 521 83432 5 September 17, 2004 11:46 A World at Total War global conflict and the politics of destruction, 1937–1945 Edited by roger chickering Georgetown University stig forster¨ University of Bern bernd greiner Hamburg Institute for Social Research german historical institute Washington, D.C. and v P1: JZX 0521834325agg.xml CY465-Chickering 0 521 83432 5 September 17, 2004 11:46 PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB22RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org GERMAN HISTORICAL INSTITUTE 1607 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20009, USA © German Historical Institute 2005 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2005 Printed in the United States of America Typeface Bembo 11/13 pt. System LATEX2ε [TB] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A world at total war : global conflict and the politics of destruction, 1937–1945 / edited by Roger Chickering, Stig Forster,¨ Bernd Greiner. p. cm. – (Publications of the German Historical Institute) Results of a fifth conference on the history of total war held in Aug. -
The Effects of the 1933 Bank Holiday and the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 on the Systematic Risks of Various Industries" (2016)
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2016 The ffecE ts of the 1933 Bank Holiday and the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 on the Systematic Risks of Various Industries James E. Ingram Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Ingram, James E., "The Effects of the 1933 Bank Holiday and the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 on the Systematic Risks of Various Industries" (2016). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 1241. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1241 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Claremont McKenna College The Effects of the 1933 Bank Holiday and the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 on the Systematic Risks of Various Industries submitted to Professor Eric Hughson and Dean Peter Uvin by James Ingram for Senior Thesis Fall 2015 November 30, 2015 Ingram 1 Acknowledgements I would like to first thank Professor Eric Hughson for agreeing to be my reader and working with me throughout the semester. I’ve gained an immense out of experience on the subject, and I’ve learned more about the 1933 Bank Holiday than I ever thought was possible. I constantly had new questions for you throughout the semester, and you made sure to help me whenever I needed assistance with my research. You took a lot of time out of your schedule each week to help me with my research. I really appreciate everything. I’d also like to thank Professor Marc Weidenmier for assisting me in my research. -
A Magic Night on the Presidential Yacht POTOMAC!
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Floating White House” Oakland, California 2009 Volume 6 Number 1 Elections 2008… A Magic Night on the Presidential Yacht POTOMAC! By Marti Burchell Regardless of your politics; Libertarian, Republican, Democrat, Nearly 100 invited guests joined “The President” on the Presi- Green, or Independent, Election Night on the Presidential Yacht dential Yacht for the cruise. Mr. President welcomed all our Potomac was a truly historic and magical evening. To hold an guests as we boarded in Oakland, and again after a short cruise event for this particular election, on this particular ship, the to Pier 40 to pick up the San Francisco contingent. The ship Presidential Yacht Potomac, used by this particular President then set sail for the Golden Gate Bridge on a beautiful, clear, was a synergy of cosmic proportion. and cold evening of cruising. The energy on board was high, hopeful, and cordial as we all watched the results of this historic The Election Night election unfold. Cruise was the brain- child of professional On our way back promoter David Perry to Pier 40, and and Associates. David after two hours and his team provided of cruising, sip- not only the concept, ping fine wine, but also the invitations and feasting on and the access to me- a sumptuous din- dia for the event, both ner, we saw the of which were fabu- news that the lous. The objective of election had been the Election Night Cruise was to raise funds for two historic decided. When ships, the Presidential Yacht Potomac and the Liberty Ship, Jer- the announcement was made, it became obvious which can- emiah O’Brien – and we did.